Resumo A região sul do Brasil é rica em recursos hídricos e biogeográficos, contribuindo para a formação de nichos ictiofaunísticos distintos facilitando o isolamento de algumas espécies. Apesar da grande importância ecológica, existem poucos estudos citogenéticos e moleculares sobre a ictiofauna dessas bacias. Por isso, espécimes de Ancistrus abilhoai e Hemiancistrus fuliginosus foram analisados através da combinação de marcadores citogenéticos e mitocondriais. A análise citogenética revelou um número diploide de 2n = 48 para A. abilhoai e 2n = 56 para H. fuliginosus e foram identificados sítios de DNAr (por hibridização in situ fluorescente-FISH) com sondas 18S e 5S, em sintonia no par 16 de A. abilhoai, enquanto em H. fuliginosus estes sítios estão localizados em pares separados. Considerando o clusterAncistrus, com base nos dados moleculares COI, os espécimes de A. abilhoai ficaram próximos de A. cirrhosus,tendo como grupo irmão A. multispinis e A. brevipinnis. Em relação a Hemiancistrus, os exemplares de H. fuliginosus apresentaram o mesmo haplótipo das sequências desta espécie, disponíveis no banco de dados, formando um clado distinto com H. aspidolepis como grupo irmão. Os resultados do nosso trabalho auxiliaram na melhor definição do status taxonômico de A. abilhoai e H. fuliginosus, espécies endêmicas do sul do Brasil e que exibem poucos estudos dentro de seus repctivos gêneros. biogeográficos ecológica bacias isso mitocondriais n 4 5 H por fluorescenteFISH fluorescente FISH fluorescente-FISH S 5S 1 separados clusterAncistrus COI cirrhosustendo cirrhosus tendo brevipinnis espécie gêneros

Abstract The southern region of Brazil is rich in hydric and biogeographic resources, contributing to the formation of distinct ichthyofaunistic niches and facilitating the isolation of some species. Despite the great ecological importance, there are few cytogenetic and molecular studies on the ichthyofauna of these basins. Therefore, specimens of Ancistrus abilhoai and Hemiancistrus fuliginosus were analyzed by combining cytogenetic and mitochondrial markers. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a diploid number of 2n = 48 for A. abilhoai and 2n = 56 for H. fuliginosus and Sites rDNA (by fluorescent in situ hybridization-FISH) were identified with 18S and 5S probes in synteny in pair 16 of A. abilhoai. At the same time in H. fuliginosus, these sites are located in separate pairs. Considering the Ancistrus cluster, based on COI molecular data, specimens of A. abilhoai were close to A. cirrhosushaving as sister group A. multispinis and A. brevipinnis. Regarding Hemiancistrus, H. fuliginosus specimens showed the same haplotype as the sequences of this species, available in the database, forming a distinct clade with H. aspidolepis as a sister group. The results of our work helped to better define the taxonomic status of A. abilhoai and H. fuliginosus, species endemic to southern Brazil and which have few studies within their respective genera. resources importance basins Therefore markers n 4 A 5 H hybridizationFISH hybridization FISH hybridization-FISH S 1 pairs cluster data brevipinnis database genera

RESUMO A espécie herbácea rizomatosa Hedychium coronarium J.Koenig é de origem asiática e ocorre como invasora na maioria dos estados do Brasil. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência de H. coronarium sobre as comunidades de herbáceas terrícolas e de regeneração natural de lenhosas em um remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Aluvial em Curitiba - PR. As comunidades foram amostradas considerando-se dois tratamentos: (EC) elevada cobertura de H. coronarium(>60%); (BC) baixa cobertura de H. coronarium (<30%). Foram avaliadas duas comunidades: i) espécies herbáceas (incluindo subarbustivas) e ii) plântulas de espécies lenhosas entre 15 cm - 130 cm de altura. No EC, H. coronariumapresentou cobertura média de 78,06%, sendo registradas apenas cinco espécies herbáceas nativas e 24 lenhosas nativas. No BC, a cobertura média da invasora foi de 6,29%, com registro de 17 herbáceas nativas e 37 lenhosas nativas. A herbácea nativa mais representativa foi Christella dentata(Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy, enquanto, dentre as lenhosas, destacou-se Myrcia selloi(Spreng.) N.Silveira por sua frequência e abundância. A abundância das lenhosas no EC foi aproximadamente quatro vezes menor que no BC, mostrando que a elevada densidade de H. coronariumexerce influência negativa nas comunidades vegetais nativas. A elevada cobertura da espécie invasora resulta na redução da riqueza de espécies e do número de indivíduos nas comunidades, tanto de herbáceas quanto da regeneração de lenhosas. JKoenig J Koenig Brasil H PR considerandose considerando se tratamentos (EC coronarium>60% coronarium60 >60% 60 coronarium(>60%) BC (BC <30%. 30 <30% . (<30%) i incluindo subarbustivas ii 1 13 altura 7806 78 06 78,06% 2 629 6 29 6,29% 3 dentataForssk. dentataForssk dentata Forssk. Forssk dentata(Forssk. Jermy enquanto destacouse destacou selloiSpreng. selloiSpreng selloi Spreng. Spreng selloi(Spreng. NSilveira N Silveira coronarium>60 coronarium6 >60 coronarium(>60% <30 (<30% 780 7 0 78,06 62 6,29 dentata(Forssk selloi(Spreng coronarium>6 >6 coronarium(>60 <3 (<30 78,0 6,2 coronarium> > coronarium(>6 < (<3 78, 6, coronarium(> (< coronarium( (

ABSTRACT Hedychium coronariumJ.Koenig is a rhizomatous herbaceous species native to Asia and invasive in most states of Brazil. We aimed to evaluate the influence of H. coronariumon terrestrial herbaceous communities and natural regeneration of woody plants in a remnant of Alluvial Araucaria Forest in Curitiba - PR. The communities were sampled considering two treatments: (EC) high coverage of H. coronarium(>60%); (BC) low coverage of H. coronarium(<30%). Two communities were recorded: i) herbaceous vascular species (including subshrubs) and ii) seedlings of woody species between 15-130 cm height. In EC H. coronariumhad an average cover of 78.06%, with only five native herbaceous species and 24 native woody species. The average cover of the invasive in BC was 6.29%, with 17 native herbaceous and 37 woody native species. The most representative native herbaceous was Christella dentata(Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy, while among the woody species Myrcia selloi(Spreng.) N.Silveira stood out for its frequency and abundance. The abundance of woody plants in the EC was approximately four times less than in the BC, showing that the high density of H. coronariumnegatively influences native plant communities. The high cover of the invasive species results in a decrease in species richness and the number of individuals in the communities, both herbaceous and woody regeneration. coronariumJKoenig coronariumJ Koenig Brazil H PR treatments (EC coronarium>60% coronarium60 coronarium >60% 60 coronarium(>60%) (BC coronarium<30%. coronarium30 <30% . 30 coronarium(<30%) recorded i including subshrubs ii 15130 15 130 15-13 height 7806 78 06 78.06% 2 629 6 29 6.29% 1 3 dentataForssk. dentataForssk dentata Forssk. Forssk dentata(Forssk. Jermy selloiSpreng. selloiSpreng selloi Spreng. Spreng selloi(Spreng. NSilveira N Silveira coronarium>60 coronarium6 >60 coronarium(>60% coronarium<30% coronarium3 <30 coronarium(<30% 1513 13 15-1 780 7 0 78.06 62 6.29 dentata(Forssk selloi(Spreng coronarium>6 >6 coronarium(>60 coronarium<30 <3 coronarium(<30 151 15- 78.0 6.2 coronarium> > coronarium(>6 coronarium<3 < coronarium(<3 78. 6. coronarium(> coronarium< coronarium(< coronarium(

The volatile composition of coffee exerts a substantial influence on its quality, as it defines the characteristics of the beverage. However, these compounds are influenced by factors within the coffee production chain, such as botanical origin, geography, processing methods, and roasting. Consequently, the identification of such compounds becomes a vital tool for characterizing coffees to these factors. In this context, gas chromatography with headspace extraction is widely used for aroma analysis, providing a composition closer to consumer perception. Headspace extraction offers speed, simplicity, minimal sample preparation, and no need for solvents. In this study, static headspace extraction (SHS) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) was employed to establish the chemical profile of volatile compounds in Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora var. conilon and determine discriminants between the species. A total of 97 compounds, belonging to 17 chemical classes, were identified. The chemometric analysis highlighted furans, phenols, and carboxylic acids as key differentiating classes. Notably, furfuryl alcohol, acetic acid, 4-vinylguaiacol, N-acetyl-4(H)-pyridine, and N-furfurylpyrrole emerged as crucial volatile compounds. The variable selection using Fisher weight applied directly in the chromatograms, produced models consistent with relative area data, with furfuryl alcohol and 4-vinylguaiacol regions being particularly influential in differentiation. quality beverage However chain origin geography methods roasting Consequently context perception speed simplicity preparation solvents study SHS (SHS chromatographymass mass SHSGCMS GC MS (SHS-GC-MS var species 9 1 classes identified furans phenols Notably acid 4vinylguaiacol, 4vinylguaiacol vinylguaiacol 4 vinylguaiacol, Nacetyl4Hpyridine, Nacetyl4Hpyridine NacetylHpyridine N acetyl H pyridine, pyridine N-acetyl-4(H)-pyridine Nfurfurylpyrrole furfurylpyrrole chromatograms data differentiation Nacetyl Hpyridine

ABSTRACT Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines data in immunocompromised individuals are scarce. This trial assessed the immunogenicity of two CoronaVac doses and additional BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine doses in immunocompromised (IC) and immunocompetent (H) individuals. Adults with solid organ transplant (SOT), hematopoietic stem cell transplant, cancer, inborn immunity errors or rheumatic diseases were included in the IC group. Immunocompetent adults were used as control group for comparison. Participants received two CoronaVac doses within a 28-day interval. IC received two additional BNT162b2 doses and H received a third BNT162b2 dose (booster). Blood samples were collected at baseline, 28 days after each dose, pre-booster and at the trial end. We used three serological tests to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N), trimeric spike (S), and receptor binding domain (RBD). Outcomes included seroconversion rates (SCR), geometric mean titers (GMT) and GMT ratio (GMTR). A total of 241 IC and 100 H adults participated in the study. After two CoronaVac doses, IC had lower SCR than H: anti-N, 33.3% vs 79%; anti-S, 33.8% vs 86%, and anti-RBD, 48.5% vs 85%, respectively. IC also showed lower GMT than H: anti-N, 2.3 vs 15.1; anti-S, 58.8 vs 213.2 BAU/mL; and anti-RBD, 22.4 vs 168.0 U/mL, respectively. After the 3rd and 4th BNT162b2 doses, IC had significant anti-S and anti-RBD seroconversion, but still lower than H after the 3rd dose. After boosting, GMT increased in IC, but remained lower than in the H group. CoronaVac two-dose schedule immunogenicity was lower in IC than in H. BNT162b2 heterologous booster enhanced immune response in both groups. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 scarce BNTb BNT b BNT162b (IC (H SOT, SOT , (SOT) cancer comparison 28day day interval booster. . (booster) baseline 2 prebooster pre end SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV SARS-CoV- N, N (N) S, S (S) RBD. RBD (RBD) SCR, (SCR) (GMT GMTR. GMTR (GMTR) 24 10 study antiN, antiN anti anti-N 333 33 3 33.3 79% 79 antiS, antiS 338 8 33.8 86 86% antiRBD, antiRBD RBD, 485 48 5 48.5 85 85% respectively 23 2. 15.1 151 15 1 588 58 58. 2132 213 213. BAU/mL BAUmL BAU mL 224 22 4 22. 1680 168 0 168. UmL U U/mL rd th boosting twodose groups COVID1 COVID- (SOT (booster SARS-CoV (N (S (RBD (SCR (GMTR 33. 7 48. 15. 21 16

ABSTRACT Currently in Brazil, large grain cultivation projects on Plinthosols are a reality, however, there is little or no knowledge of the real mechanism of formation of the plinthite feature, in addition to what is reported in the literature as being a product of oxidation-reduction processes of iron element. This study evaluates iron redoximorphic features and investigates their chemical and mineralogical composition in two profiles of Plinthosols from the Araguaia River plain (P1 and P2). The study strengthens the understanding of the pedogenetic processes involved in the formation of mottles and plinthite. In this sense, it assesses whether the formation mechanisms corroborate the literature. Soil features were sampled in the upper right and left position at the initial plinthic horizon, upper right and left position at the main plinthic horizon, and lower right position at the base horizon of the plinthite zone in the profile. Separated samples comprising the soil matrix, mottles, and plinthite under natural moisture conditions were ground into powder form for chemical determinations by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), sulfuric acid attack (H2SO4), sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB), and ammonium acid oxalate; and mineralogical determinations by X-ray diffraction. Iron contents in all determined forms were always higher in the plinthite feature, intermediate in the mottle feature, and lower in the soil matrix feature. Most of the Fe in all redoximorphic features is included in the structure of primary minerals and their derivatives (vermiculite, illite, and VHEs). Only part of the iron present (about 35.40 % in P1 and 41.98 % in P2) is detected in the form of oxides such as goethite and hematite, which could be formed in redox processes. The mottle and plinthite features under study are not the product of the classic process of segregation, mobilization, and accumulation of iron as a consequence of redox processes. These features were formed or emerged as a result of a relatively slow and constant weathering process of their source material, which is gradually decomposed in an aqueous medium, releasing most of its components. These components include iron and more mobile elements such as bases and silicon, which leave the system through drainage water, and of which a small part may eventually recombine to form new less complex minerals such as kaolinite and oxides. Brazil reality however feature oxidationreduction oxidation reduction element P (P P2. P2 . sense profile Xray X ray XRF, XRF , (XRF) H2SO4, H2SO4 HSO H SO (H2SO4) dithionitecitratebicarbonate dithionite citrate bicarbonate DCB, DCB (DCB) oxalate diffraction vermiculite, vermiculite (vermiculite illite VHEs. VHEs VHEs) about 3540 35 40 35.4 4198 41 98 41.9 hematite segregation mobilization material medium silicon water (XRF H2SO (H2SO4 (DCB 354 3 4 35. 419 9 41. (H2SO

ABSTRACT Soil quality can be understood as its capacity to provide several essential services within the ecosystem and has been used to understand the impact of different managements, providing information that proves the benefits and your maintenance of the agroecosystem. To understand the impact of different managements, this study aimed to compare the chemical, physical, and biological soil properties in pasture areas managed with different recovery times in an integrated crop-livestock system about perennial pastures and secondary forest. The following management systems were evaluated: Secondary Forest (SF), Perennial Pasture (PP), pasture recovered to five years through the intercropping corn + Brachiaria brizantha (Palisade grass) (ICL5), and pasture recovered to eight years through the intercropping corn + Brachiaria brizantha (Palisade grass) (ICL8). Different soil properties were evaluated, namely: Chemical: pH, H+Al, Al 3+ , P, K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , TOC, SB, CEC, V, and m; Physical: soil bulk density (Bd), total porosity (Tp), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), soil resistance to penetration (Pr), and gravimetric soil water content (GWc); and biological: soil microbial biomass carbon (SMB-C), basal soil respiration (BSR), metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ), and microbial quotient (qMic). Perennial pasture and ICL8 areas were the ones that most contributed to the increase in nutrients (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and K + ), TOC and sorption complex. The ICL8 area showed the best results in soil physical variables Ma, Tp, Pr, and GWc were the best results for the ICL8 area. Secondary forest and ICL8 areas presented the best results from SMB-C and qMic. Between periods of pasture recovery through the integration of crops and livestock, the longer the recovery time, the greater its beneficial effects on the different chemical, physical and biological soil properties, overcoming secondary forest and perennial pasture. managements agroecosystem chemical croplivestock crop livestock evaluated SF, SF (SF) PP, PP (PP) Palisade grass ICL5, ICL5 ICL (ICL5) ICL8. . (ICL8) namely Chemical pH HAl H H+Al 3 P SB CEC V m Physical Bd, Bd (Bd) Tp (Tp) Ma (Ma) Mi, Mi (Mi) Pr (Pr) (GWc) SMBC, SMBC SMB C (SMB-C) BSR, BSR (BSR) qCO ) qMic (qMic) complex time (SF (PP (ICL5 (ICL8 (Bd (Tp (Ma (Mi (Pr (GWc (SMB-C (BSR (qMic (ICL

Abstract Oral candidiasis is a common fungal infection that affects the oral mucosa, and happens when Candida albicans interacts with bacteria in the oral microbiota, such as Streptococcus mutans, causing severe early childhood caries. C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms are challenging to treat with conventional antimicrobial therapies, thus, new anti-infective drugs are required. Objective This study aimed to test a drug delivery system based on chitosan microparticles loaded with geranium and lemongrass essential oils to inhibit C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms. Methodology Chitosan microparticles loaded with essential oils (CM-EOs) were obtained by spray-drying. Susceptibility of planktonic were performed according CLSI at 4 to 2,048 µg/mL. Mixed biofilms were incubated at 37ºC for 48 h and exposed to CM-EOs at 256 to 4,096 µg/mL. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated using the MTT assay, with biofilm architectural changes analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. RAW 264.7 cell was used to evaluate compound cytotoxicity. Results CM-EOs had better planktonic activity against C. albicans than S. mutans. All samples reduced the metabolic activity of mixed C. albicans and S. mutans biofilms, with encapsulated oils showing better activity than raw chitosan or oils. The microparticles reduced the biofilm on the slides. The essential oils showed cytotoxic effects against RAW 264.7 cells, but encapsulation into chitosan microparticles decreased their toxicity. Conclusion This study demonstrates that chitosan loaded with essential oils may provide an alternative method for treating diseases caused by C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilm, such as dental caries. mucosa microbiota caries C S therapies thus antiinfective anti infective required CMEOs CM EOs (CM-EOs spraydrying. spraydrying spray drying. drying spray-drying 2048 2 048 2,04 µgmL µg mL µg/mL ºC 25 4096 096 4,09 assay microscopy 2647 264 7 264. cytotoxicity slides cells toxicity 204 04 2,0 409 09 4,0 26 20 0 2, 40 4,

RESUMO No Brasil, a abobrinha-de-moita (Cucurbita pepo L.) é uma olerícola de importância socioeconômica que tem sofrido prejuízos crescentes, devido principalmente aos danos causados pela infecção pelo zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Embora a ocorrência do cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) seja menos frequente, em plantas de C. pepo ‘Caserta’ ele pode causar sintomas como mosqueado, mosaico, distorção de folhas e frutos, além de redução do desenvolvimento das plantas. Para minimizar o prejuízo, a medida de manejo mais utilizada é a aplicação preventiva, porém ineficiente, de inseticidas, visando ao controle da população de afídeos, vetores desses vírus. Assim, a busca por formas de controle ambientalmente menos danosas tem sido alvo de investigação. Este estudo visou avaliar a ação de extratos foliares de espécies nativas de Caryophyllales, como inibidoras da infecção pelo CMV e ZYMV em C. pepo e como indutoras de resistência. Extratos de folhas frescas (EFs) de Guapira opposita, Pisonia ambigua (Nyctaginaceae), Gallesia integrifolia e Seguieria langsdorffii (Phytolaccaceae), previamente avaliados no patossistema tobacco mosaic virus / Nicotiana glutinosa, foram submetidos a diluições progressivas e pulverizados em folhas cotiledonares de C. pepo, 30 min antes da inoculação com o CMV e ZYMV. EFs de G. integrifolia não induziram qualquer inibição em nenhum dos patossistemas. EFs de G. opposita induziram inibição da infecção das plantas inoculadas com o ZYMV inferior a 50%. Na concentração de 1:40, inibiu a infecção das plantas pelo CMV em 70%. Como os extratos foliares de P. ambigua e S. langsdorffii induziram altas porcentagens de inibição, essas espécies foram selecionadas para avaliação de indução de resistência, em experimentos de pré-tratamentos. Os EFs inibiram a infecção de ZYMV e CMV em C. pepo, quando aplicados até 48 h antes da inoculação. Os EFs de S. langsdorffii e G. opposita, também testada para esse sistema, foram eficientes quando aplicados até 72 h antes da inoculação do CMV. Constatou-se que os EFs podem ser preparados a partir de folhas secas e mantidos a -20°C por, pelo menos três anos, conservando a sua atividade inibidora. Esses resultados expandem as possibilidades de manejo das principais viroses da abobrinha-de-moita, de maneira sustentável, sem causar danos ao ambiente, aos produtores e aos consumidores.

ABSTRACT In Brazil, zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) is a socioeconomically important vegetable affected by damage caused primarily by zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Although the occurrence of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is less frequent, in C. pepo ‘Caserta’ plants it can cause symptoms such as mottle, mosaic, leaf and fruit distortion, as well as reduced plant development. To minimize the damage, the most widely used management technique is the preventive, albeit inefficient, application of insecticides, aimed at controlling aphids, the vectors of this virus. Thus, the search for more effective and less environmentally harmful control methods has been the target of investigations. The purpose of the present study was to assess the action of the extracts of four native Caryophyllales species, as inhibitors of infection by CMV and ZYMV in C. pepo, in addition to evaluating the possible induced resistance in this species. Fresh leaf extracts (LEs) of Guapira opposita, Pisonia ambigua (Nyctaginaceae), Gallesia integrifolia and Seguieria langsdorffii (Phytolaccaceae), previously assessed in the tobacco mosaic virus / Nicotiana glutinosa pathosystem, were submitted to progressive dilutions sprayed on cotyledonary C. pepo leaves 30 min before inoculation with CMV and ZYMV. Leaf extracts of G. integrifolia did not induce inhibition in any of the pathosystems assessed. Guapira opposita LEs inhibited the infection of plants inoculated with ZYMV below 50% but inhibited CMV infection by 70% at a concentration of 1:40. Given that leaf extracts of P. ambigua and S. langsdorffii induced high percentage inhibition, evident in the number of asymptomatic plants and confirmed by serological tests, these species were selected to assess induced resistance in pre-treatment experiments. The LEs were efficient in inhibiting ZYMV and CMV infection in C. pepo when applied up to 48 h before inoculation. The LEs of S. langsdorffii and G. opposita, also tested for this system, were efficient when applied up to 72 h before CMV inoculation. The LEs can be prepared from dry leaves and maintained at -20°C for at least three years, conserving their inhibitory activity. These results expand the possibilities for producers and consumers alike in the sustainable management of the main zucchini viruses, without damaging the environment.

Resumo Neste estudo, descrevemos um método para atingir uma população-alvo (dentistas atuando no Brasil) para se engajar em pesquisa do tipo enquete (survey) utilizando convites tradicionais por e-mail e campanhas de recrutamento criadas no Instagram. Este estudo aborda aspectos metodológicos e compara as pessoas entrevistadas alcançadas por diferentes métodos. Foi utilizado um questionário pré-testado e os(as) participantes foram recrutados(as) por 10 dias por meio de uma lista de endereços de e-mail e duas campanhas abertas orgânicas independentes no Instagram. Foram coletadas 3122 respostas: 509 participantes foram recrutados(as) por e-mail (taxa de resposta 2,1%) e 2613 pelas duas campanhas do Instagram (taxas de conversão 20,7% e 11,7%), respectivamente. As taxas de coleta de resposta/min nas primeiras 24h variaram entre 0,23 (e-mail) e 1,09 (primeira campanha). No total, 98,8% das respostas foram recebidas nas primeiras 48h para as diferentes estratégias de recrutamento. Houve diferenças significativas para todas as variáveis demográficas (p<0,001) entre recrutados(as) por e-mail e Instagram, com exceção de sexo (p=0,37). As pessoas recrutadas via Instagram eram um pouco mais velhas, tinham mais experiência profissional (anos na prática) e nível de pós-graduação superior às entrevistadas por e-mail. Além disso, a maioria dos entrevistados por e-mail e Instagram trabalhava no setor público e na prática privada, respectivamente. Embora ambas estratégias tenham sido capazes de coletar respostas de todas as regiões brasileiras, as respostas por e-mail foram ligeiramente melhor distribuídas nas cinco áreas territoriais em comparação ao Instagram. Este estudo fornece evidências de que o recrutamento de uma amostra de população diversificada e grande usando o Instagram é viável. No entanto, a combinação de e-mail e Instagram no recrutamento levou a uma população mais diversificada e melhores taxas de resposta.

Abstract In this study, we describe a method for reaching a target population (i.e., dentists practicing in Brazil) to engage in survey research using traditional e-mail invites and recruitment campaigns created on Instagram. This study addresses methodological aspects and compares respondents reached by different methods. A pre-tested questionnaire was used and participants were recruited for 10 days via a source list of email addresses and two discrete Instagram organic open campaigns. A total of 3,122 responses were collected: 509 participants were recruited by email (2.1% response rate) and 2,613 by the two Instagram campaigns (20.7% and 11.7% conversion rates), respectively. Response/min collection rates in the first 24 h ranged between 0.23 (email) and 1.09 (first campaign). In total, 98.8% of all responses were received in the first 48 h for the different recruitment strategies. There were significant differences for all demographic variables (p< 0.001) between email and Instagram respondents, except for sex (p=0.37). Instagram respondents were slightly older, had more professional experience (years in practice), and a higher graduate education level than email respondents. Moreover, most email and Instagram respondents worked in the public sector and private practice, respectively. Although both strategies could collect responses from all Brazilian regions, email responses were slightly better distributed across the five territorial areas compared to Instagram. This study provides evidence that survey recruitment of a diverse, large population sample using Instagram is feasible. However, combination of email and Instagram recruitment led to a more diverse population and improved response rates.

Resumo Anaplasma marginale é uma bactéria Gram-negativa intracelular obrigatória de eritrócitos de ruminantes e responsável pela anaplasmose bovina. A diversidade genética de A. marginale tem sido caracterizada com base nas sequências das principais proteínas de superfície (MSPs), como a MSP1α. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a diversidade genética de A. marginale em bovinos no estado do Maranhão, Nordeste do Brasil. Dessa forma, 343 amostras de sangue foram submetidas ao ensaio iELISA, utilizando-se a proteína recombinante MSP5. Das 343 amostras de sangue, 235 (68,5%) foram escolhidas aleatoriamente e submetidas à extração de DNA, qPCR e PCR convencional para gene msp1α, para determinação das sequências de aminoácidos e classificação dos genótipos. Os resultados do iELISA mostraram 81,34% de soropositividade (279/343), enquanto qPCR revelou 224 amostras positivas (95,32%). Dentre estas na qPCR, 67,4% (151/224) mostraram-se positivas no PCR convencional. Das 50 sequências obtidas, 21 cepas não haviam sido relatadas anteriormente. Em relação aos genótipos, H (26/50) e E (18/50) foram os mais frequentes, enquanto os genótipos F e C foram identificados apenas duas vezes cada, e B e G uma vez cada. Em conclusão, alta prevalência e marcante diversidade genética de A. marginale foram observadas em rebanhos leiteiros no estado do Maranhão.

Abstract Anaplasma marginale is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium found in ruminants’ erythrocytes and is the etiological agent of bovine anaplasmosis. The bacterium’s genetic diversity has been characterized based on sequences of major surface proteins (MSPs), such as MSP1α. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity of A. marginale in cattle in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. To this end, 343 blood samples were harvested and subjected to iELISA assays using the recombinant surface protein MSP5. Out of 343 blood samples, 235 (68.5%) were randomly chosen and submitted to DNA extraction, qPCR and conventional PCR targeting the msp1α gene to determine amino acid sequences and classify the genotypes. The iELISA results showed 81.34% seropositivity (279/343), whereas qPCR revealed 224 positive samples (95.32%). Among these qPCR-positive samples, 67.4% (151/224) were also positive in the cPCR. Among the 50 obtained sequences, 21 strains had not been previously reported. Regarding the genotypes, H (26/50) and E (18/50) were identified most often, while genotypes F and C were only identified twice each and B and G once each. In conclusion, high prevalence and genetic diversity for A. marginale were observed in dairy cattle herds in the state of Maranhão.

Resumo O fósforo (P) é um elemento essencial para a produtividade dos vinhedos. Este estudo avaliou a influência do material de origem nas frações orgânicas de P em solos de vinhedos formados e áreas de solos origem basáltica e riodacítica. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro municípios localizados nas regiões montanhosas de Santa Catarina, Brasil: Urubici, São Joaquim, Campos Novos e Água Doce. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas entrelinhas das videiras nas profundidades de 0,00-0,05, 0,05-0,10, 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. Foram avaliados os atributos químicos do solo (pH em H2O, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, P, K + e H+Al), carbono orgânico total (COT), P disponível e residual, P lábil (extraído com bicarbonato de sódio), moderadamente lábil (extraído com ácido sulfúrico) e P moderadamente resistente (extraído com hidróxido de sódio). Nas áreas de solos formados a partir de material de origem de natureza basáltica foram verificados os maiores teores de COT, P disponível e residual, e P moderadamente lábil e moderadamente resistente, enquanto naqueles formados a partir de rochas como riodacitos observaram-se valores de P lábil mais elevados. Os altos níveis das frações P moderadamente lábeis e moderadamente resistentes nos solos formados a partir de basalto foram atribuídos ao seu alto COT, P disponível e conteúdo residual de P. Verificou-se que o material de origem dos solos influencia as frações orgânicas de P nos solos dos vinhedos.

Abstract Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for vineyard productivity. This study assessed the influence of parent material on organic P fractions in vineyard soils of basaltic and rhyodacitic origin. The experiment was conducted in four municipalities located in mountainous regions in Santa Catarina, Brazil: Urubici, São Joaquim, Campos Novos, and Água Doce. Disturbed soil samples were collected between grapevine rows at depths of 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.40 m. Soil chemical attributes (pH in H2O, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, P, K+, and H + Al), total organic carbon (TOC), available and residual P, labile P (extracted with sodium bicarbonate), moderately labile P (extracted with sulfuric acid), and moderately resistant P (extracted with sodium hydroxide) were determined. Soil parent material influenced the dynamics of phosphorus in vineyard soils. Both P forms (available and solution equilibrium P) and P organic fractions (labile, moderately labile, and moderately resistant P), are affected by the parent material. Basaltic soils had higher TOC, available and residual P, and moderately labile and moderately resistant P, whereas rhyodacitic soils showed higher labile P. The high levels of moderately labile and moderately resistant P fractions in basaltic soil were attributed to its high TOC, available P, and residual P contents. Parent material was found to influence organic P fractions in vineyard soils.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research is to compare the fluorescence of different trademarks of composite resins under ultraviolet light, indicating through the optical characteristics the restorative materials that best mimic the properties of dental fluorescence. In this study, nine composite resin trademarks of EA2 color were evaluated, and ten test samples were prepared for each material, totalizing ninety specimens. The specimens were produced from a bipartite aluminium matrix (10x2 mm), and then stored for 24 h in tubes of radiographic films, immersed in distilled water and after 48 h it were polished. A blind-type study (four evaluators) was used and the samples were analyzed in a dark wooden chamber where it was coupled two black lamps. In the data collection phase, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, ANOVA and Post Hoc of Tukey were used (adopting a significance level of 0.05). It was noted that the composite resin of the trademark Ultrafill was more fluorescent and Luna was statistically less fluorescent than all other materials, while Opallis and Tetric were superior to Glacier. There was no significant statistical difference among the composite resins Premissa, Point 4, Llis and Premium.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar la fluorescencia de diferentes marcas registradas de resinas compuestas bajo luz ultravioleta, indicando a través de las características ópticas los materiales de restauración que mejor imitan las propiedades de la fluorescencia dental. En este estudio, se evaluaron nueve marcas registradas de resina de color EA2, y se prepararon diez muestras de prueba para cada material, totalizando noventa especímenes. Las muestras se produjeron a partir de una matriz de aluminio bipartita (10x2 mm), y luego se almacenaron durante 24 h en tubos de películas radiográficas, se sumergieron en agua destilada y después de 48 h se pulieron. Se utilizó un estudio de tipo ciego (cuatro evaluadores) y las muestras se analizaron en una cámara de madera oscura donde se acoplaron dos lámparas negras. En la fase de recolección de datos, se utilizaron las pruebas de normalidad KolmogorovSmirnov, ANOVA y Post Hoc de Tukey (adoptaron un nivel de significancia de 0,05). Se observó que la resina compuesta de la marca registrada Ultrafill era más fluorescente y la marca Luna fue estadísticamente menos fluorescente que todos los demás materiales, mientras que Opallis y Tetric eran superiores a Glacier. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las resinas compuestas Premissa, Point 4, Llis y Premium.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) inclusion levels (0, 15, 30, and 45 g kg−1 in dry matter) replacing ground corn on the feeding behavior, as well as physiological and hematological variables of crossbred lactating Anglo Nubian goats. Eight Anglo Nubian goats were used, which were distributed in a double 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design (four periods and four levels of buriti oil) replacing corn in the total dry matter. For the evaluation of feeding behavior, single animals were observed every ten minutes for 24 h on three days. Respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (RT), and sweating rate (SR) of the animals were evaluated in the morning (09:00 h) and in the afternoon (15:00 h). Blood samples were always taken in the morning, before feeding, by puncturing the jugular vein for the complete blood count and white blood cell count. The levels of buriti oil had no effect on feeding, rumination, idling time, water intake, defecation and urination, DM intake, feed efficiency, and rumination efficiency of DM and NDF, but had effects on NDF intake. Physiological variables (RT, SR, RR, and HR) in both periods of the day were not influenced by the inclusion of buriti oil. However, SR and RR were higher in the afternoon than in the morning. In erythrocyte, results showed that the hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume increased with the inclusion of buriti oil. Hemoglobin, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and total plasma protein were not affected by the inclusion of buriti in the goat diet. The inclusion of buriti oil is recommended in up to 45 g kg−1 (DM basis) as a replacement for ground corn in diet of lactating goats without affecting the feeding behavior and physiological and hematological variables.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of photoperiod on the forage yield by ecotypes and intraspecific hybrids of P. notatum. Tetraploid ecotypes from the United States Department of Agriculture and the National University of the Northeast in Argentina, in addition to six intraspecific hybrids, totaling 19 ecotypes, were assessed. The materials evaluated were subjected to an extended photoperiod (14 h of light) and natural photoperiod from July 2011 to October 2012. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial scheme of 19 × 2 (ecotypes × photoperiod) consisting of five replicates. The materials were influenced differentially by the variation in photoperiod, with one group showing high sensitivity, whereas another, smaller group, was insensitive to this factor. The use of materials with differentiated responses to photoperiod in different climatic regions can be an important tool to increase forage yield of Paspalum notatum.

RESUMO A revegetação de áreas de extração de argila com eucalipto e leguminosas pode favorecer a melhoria dos atributos químicos do solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de plantios puros e consorciados de leguminosas e eucalipto na fertilidade do solo e nos teores de carbono orgânico total e das substâncias húmicas, em uma cava de extração de argila no Norte Fluminense. O solo original da área da cava em estudo é um Cambissolo Háplico Sódico gleico, no qual a camada superficial (espessura de 20 cm, aproximadamente), com maiores teores de matéria orgânica, foi retirada e devolvida ao fundo da cava após a extração da argila. A cava foi nivelada mecanicamente e mantida sob pousio durante dois anos. A revegetação foi realizada com as espécies Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Euc), Acacia mangium (Ac) eSesbania virgata (Sesb), em plantios puros e consorciados. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com sete tratamentos (plantios puros de Euc, Ac e Sesb; plantios consorciados de Euc + Ac, Euc + Sesb, Ac + Sesb; e área degradada com vegetação espontânea (ADVE)) e três repetições. Aos 48 meses após implantação dos sistemas foram coletadas amostras de solo na camada de 0,00 a 0,05 m, em que se avaliaram algumas variáveis da fertilidade do solo (pH em água, P, K+; Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, Al+3, H+Al), carbono orgânico total (COT), nitrogênio (N) e quantificado o carbono das substâncias húmicas em carbono da humina (C-HUM), carbono da fração ácido húmico (C-FAH) e ácido fúlvico (C-FAF). Observou-se que todos os plantios promoveram aumentos nos teores Ca, Mg, P, K, N, COT, C-HUM, C-FAH e C-FAF em relação à ADVE. A revegetação de áreas de cava de extração de argila no Norte Fluminense com plantios puros ou consorciados de eucalipto e leguminosas, acarreta em melhorias da fertilidade do solo e dos teores de carbono e nitrogênio totais do solo e do carbono das substâncias húmicas. Aos quatro anos após a revegetação, os sistemas mais indicados, de uma forma geral, para acarretar em aumentos dos teores de COT, N total, Mg, soma de bases e capacidade de troca catiônica, destaca-se o plantio de acácia, dentre os plantios puros, e o plantio de eucalipto + sesbânia, dentre os plantios consorciados. Além disso, o consórcio eucalipto + sesbânia, apresentou um dos maiores teores C da fração humina.

ABSTRACT The revegetation of areas of clay extraction with eucalypt and legumes can promote the improvement of soil chemical atributtes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pure plantations and intercropping of legumes and eucalypt on soil fertility and the content of total organic carbon and humic substances, in a mining digging clay in North Fluminense. The original soil dig area under study is a Inceptsol where the surface layer (thickness of 20 cm approximately), with higher concentrations of organic matter was removed and returned to the bottom of the dig after the extraction of clay. The dig was leveled mechanically and kept under fallow for two years. Revegetation was performed with the species Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Euc),Acacia mangium (Ac) and Sesbania virgata(Sesb), in pure and intercropped. The experimental design was a randomized block design with seven treatments (pure stands of Euc, Ac and Sesb; Intercropping of Euc + Ac + Euc Sesb, Ac + Sesb, and degraded area with natural vegetation (DANV)) and three replications. At 48 months after implantation of the systems were sampled soil layer from 0.00 to 0.05 m, which evaluated some variables of soil fertility (pH, P, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, Al+3, H + Al), total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen (N) and quantified the carbon of humic substances in the humin carbon (C-HUM), humic acid carbon (C-FAH ) and fulvic acid (C-FAF). It was observed that all stands promoted increases in the concentration Ca, Mg, P, K, N, TOC, HUM C-C-C-FAF and HAF relative to DANV. The revegetation of areas of mining digging clay in North Fluminense pure stands or mixed with eucalypt and legumes, leads to improvements in soil fertility and carbon and total soil nitrogen and carbon of humic substances. At four years after revegetation systems are indicated, in general, to result in increases in TOC, total N, Mg, sum of bases and cation exchange capacity, there is the planting of acacia plantations among pure, and the planting of eucalypt + sesbania, among Intercropping. In addition, the consortium eucalypt + sesbania, presented one of the highest levels of C humin fraction.