Seeking a viable alternative to fossil fuels as the primary energy source, bioethanol has emerged as a promising second-generation fuel derived from lignocellulosic biomass. With Brazil ranking pineapple as the third most produced fruit in temporary crops, this study aims to assess the impact of chemical pretreatment techniques, specifically organosolv and diluted acid, on the residual biomass of Pérola pineapple peel to enhance bioethanol production. Employing an experimental design that incorporates temperature, reaction time, and varying concentrations of organic solvent, the study examines their effects on the susceptibility of the substrate to saccharification for future bioethanol generation. Factors such as alphacellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were evaluated in triplicate and subjected to statistical analysis using the Tukey test with a confidence level of 95%. Upon application of the pretreatment methods, it was observed that the organosolv solvent approach (utilizing water and ethanol) with sulfuric acid exhibited superior sugar conversion, yielding the highest concentration of xylose at 9.13 g L-1. Additionally, the pretreated biomass contained 1.38 g L 1 of cellobiose, 3.11 g L-1 of arabinose, and 3.76 g L-1 of glucose. This technique demonstrates promising potential for obtaining fermentable sugars crucial for bioethanol production. source secondgeneration second generation crops techniques production temperature time alphacellulose hemicellulose 95 95% methods utilizing ethanol conversion 913 9 13 9.1 L1. L1 1. Additionally 138 38 1.3 cellobiose 311 3 11 3.1 L- arabinose 376 76 3.7 glucose 91 9. 31 3. 37 7

Abstract Introduction One of the paths in the investigation of congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL) is to try to characterize its etiology through the inner ear evaluation using high resolution computer tomography (CT) scans. With minor malformation, it is not always possible for a simple visual inspection to recognize if the structure in the inner ear is normal or not. Objective To verify if measurements of the inner ear are predictive of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and suggest cutoff points of size limits. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional study of inner ear CT scan measurements of 214 patients, 50 with congenital SNHL (CSNHL) and 164 acquired SNHL (ASNHL) (control group). Results In the CSNHL group, central bony island (CBI) were 0.48 mm smaller (p < 0.001), cochlear nerve aperture was (CNA) 0.10 mm smaller (p < 0.001), and cochlea height was (CH) 0.15 mm smaller (p < 0.001). Vestibular aqueduct (VA) and cochlea width (CW) were similar between groups (0.70 vs 0.72, p = 0.19, and 7.20 vs 7.15 p = 0.23). The predictive cutoff points for CSNHL were CBI = 3.6 mm, CAN = 1.4 mm, CH = 3.4 mm, CW = 7.0 mm, and VA = 0.9 mm. Conclusion Congenital sensorineural hearing loss determined a decrease in CBI, opening of the cochlear nerve (OCN), and CW. Thus, these measures, at the cutoff points indicated, should make us aware of the diagnosis of congenital hearing loss. (CSNHL (CT scans malformation (SNHL limits crosssectional cross sectional 21 patients 5 16 ASNHL (ASNHL control group. group . group) (CBI 048 0 48 0.4 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.001) CNA (CNA 010 10 0.1 (CH 015 15 0.001. (VA (CW 0.70 070 70 (0.7 072 72 0.72 019 19 0.19 720 7 20 7.2 715 7.1 0.23. 023 0.23 23 0.23) 36 3 6 3. 14 1 4 1. 34 7. 09 9 0. OCN, OCN (OCN) Thus measures indicated 2 04 000 0.00 00 01 0.7 07 (0. 71 02 0.2 (OCN 0.0 (0 (

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the morphological and stereological parameters of the testicles in mice exposed to bisphenol S and/or high-fat diet-induced obesity. Material and Methods Forty adult male C57BL/6 mice were fed a standard diet (SC) or high-fat diet (HF) for a total of 12 weeks. The sample was randomly divided into 4 experimental groups with 10 mices as follows: a) SC - animals fed a standard diet; b) SC-B - animals fed a standard diet and administration of BPS (25 μg/kg of body mass/day) in drinking water; c) HF: animals fed a high-fat diet; d) HF-B - animals fed a high-fat diet and administration of BPS (25 μg/Kg of body mass/day) in drinking water. BPS administration lasted 12 weeks, following exposure to the SC and HF diets. BPS was diluted in absolute ethanol (0.1%) and added to drinking water (concentration of 25 μg/kg body weight/day). The animals were euthanized, and the testes were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for morphometric and stereological parameters, including density of seminiferous tubules per area, length density and total length of seminiferous tubules, height of the tunica albuginea and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules. The images were captured with an Olympus BX51 microscope and Olympus DP70 camera. The stereological analysis was done with the Image Pro and Image J programs. Means were statistically compared using ANOVA and the Holm-Sidak post-test (p<0.05). Results The seminiferous tubule density per area reduced in all groups when compared with SC samples (p<0.001): HF (40%), SC-B 3(2%), and HF-B (36%). Length density was reduced significantly (p<0.001) in all groups when compared with SC group: HF (40%), SC-B (32%), and HF-B (36%). The seminiferous tubule total length was reduced (p<0.001) when compared to f HF (28%) and SC-B (26%) groups. The tubule diameter increased significantly (p<0.001) only when we compared the SC group with SC (54%) an SC-B (25%) groups and the tunica thickness increased significantly only in HF group (117%) when compared with SC-B (20%) and HF-B 31%. Conclusion Animals exposed to bisphenol S and/or high-fat diet-induced obesity presented important structural alterations in testicular morphology. andor highfat high fat dietinduced induced C57BL6 CBL C57BL 6 C BL C57BL/ (SC (HF 1 weeks follows b SCB B (2 μgkg μg kg mass/day massday mass day c d HFB μgKg Kg diets 0.1% 01 0 (0.1% concentration 2 weight/day. weightday weight/day . weight weight/day) euthanized H&E HE H E (H&E BX BX5 DP DP7 camera programs HolmSidak Holm Sidak posttest post test p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 05 (p<0.05) p<0.001 p0001 001 40%, 40 40% , (40%) 32%, 32 3 2% 3(2%) 36%. 36 36% (36%) (p<0.001 32% (32%) 28% 28 (28% 26% 26 (26% 54% 54 (54% 25% (25% 117% 117 (117% 20% 20 (20% 31 31% morphology ( 0.1 (0.1 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p<0.00 p000 00 (40% 3(2% (36% (p<0.00 (32% (28 (26 5 (54 11 (117 (20 0. (0. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 (40 3(2 (36 (32 (5 (11 (0 p<0 (p<0. (4 3( (3 (1 p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract This integrative review aims to identify the mental health care measures that were produced during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted on three databases (SciELO, PubMed, and LILACS) with the following descriptors in Portuguese, English, and Spanish: “SAÚDE MENTAL” or “SALUD MENTAL” or “MENTAL HEALTH” AND “COVID-19” from 2020 to 2021. In total, 3,451 articles were found, 43 of which were analyzed. Most measures were digital, stemmed from public institutions, focused on the local perspective, and were integrated with the public health care system. This study discusses the models of care in mental health based on measures to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. It also discusses the Brazilian health care system, reiterating its resilience. In conclusion, digital measures occurred most often. This study suggest the evaluation of the accessibility of this mental health care model for most vulnerable groups. Finally, this research reinforces the importance of the Brazilian health care system for public health and access to information to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic SciELO, SciELO (SciELO PubMed LILACS Portuguese English Spanish SAÚDE MENTAL SALUD HEALTH “COVID-19 202 2021 total 3451 3 451 3,45 found 4 analyzed institutions perspective resilience conclusion often groups Finally COVID1 1 COVID- “COVID-1 20 345 45 3,4 “COVID- 2 34 3, “COVID

Resumo A presente revisão integrativa tem por objetivo identificar os arranjos de cuidado em saúde mental que foram implementados no enfrentamento à pandemia de COVID-19. Realizou-se busca em três bases de dados (SciELO, PubMed e LILACS), em português, inglês e espanhol, com os descritores “SAÚDE MENTAL” or “SALUD MENTAL” or “MENTAL HEALTH” AND “COVID-19”, no período de 2020 a 2021. Foram encontrados 3.451 artigos, sendo 43 selecionados para análise. Em relação ao cuidado em saúde mental, os principais arranjos identificados foram os digitais, de natureza pública, desenvolvidos na esfera municipal e com integração com a rede de saúde. Os modelos de cuidado em saúde mental para o enfrentamento da pandemia são discutidos a partir dos tipos de arranjo produzidos nesse contexto sanitário emergencial e crítico. Apresenta-se, ainda, um recorte da realidade encontrada no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), reiterando sua resiliência. Concluiu-se que os arranjos digitais foram os mais usados e que há necessidade de investigar a acessibilidade deste modelo para populações com maior vulnerabilidade social. Reafirma-se a importância do SUS para o enfrentamento da COVID-19 e no acesso a informações de saúde. COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 Realizouse Realizou se SciELO, SciELO (SciELO LILACS, LILACS , LILACS) português espanhol SAÚDE MENTAL SALUD HEALTH COVID19, “COVID-19” 202 2021 3451 3 451 3.45 artigos 4 análise pública crítico Apresentase, Apresentase Apresenta se, Apresenta-se ainda SUS, (SUS) resiliência Concluiuse Concluiu social Reafirmase Reafirma COVID-1 COVID1 1 “COVID-19 20 345 45 3.4 (SUS COVID- “COVID-1 2 34 3. “COVID- “COVID

ABSTRACT The reports of fish cell cultivation date back to the early 20th century, and since then, it has become a tool of great importance for different areas of ichthyology, such as immunology, toxicology, and biotechnology. The cell cultivation methodology can vary according to the species and cell type, requiring knowledge of the specificities and characteristics of the target cell for them to be efficiently cultured. In this review, we address the main characteristics of the in vitro culture of fish cells, presenting their purposes, uses, main parameters, and different characteristics necessary for the culture environment. Finally, we present the experiences in Brazil using cell culture techniques.

A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) é uma forma de doença do músculo cardíaco de causa genética, caracterizada pela hipertrofia das paredes ventriculares. O diagnóstico requer detecção por métodos de imagem (Ecocardiograma ou Ressonância Magnética Cardíaca) de qualquer segmento da parede do ventrículo esquerdo com espessura &gt; 15 mm, sem outra causa provável. A análise genética permite identificar mutações de genes codificantes de diferentes estruturas do sarcômero responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da CMH em cerca de 60% dos casos, permitindo o rastreio de familiares e aconselhamento genético, como parte importante do manejo dos pacientes e familiares. Vários conceitos sobre a CMH foram recentemente revistos, incluindo sua prevalência de 1 em 250 indivíduos, não sendo, portanto, uma doença rara, mas subdiagnosticada. A vasta maioria dos pacientes é assintomática. Naqueles sintomáticos, a obstrução do trato de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (OTSVE) é o principal distúrbio responsável pelos sintomas, devendo-se investigar a sua presença em todos os casos. Naqueles em que o ecocardiograma em repouso ou com Manobra de Valsalva não detecta gradiente intraventricular significativo (&gt; 30 mmHg), devem ser submetidos à ecocardiografia com esforço físico para detecção da OTSVE.&nbsp;&nbsp; Pacientes com sintomas limitantes e grave OTSVE, refratários ao uso de betabloqueadores e verapamil, devem receber terapias de redução septal ou uso de novas drogas inibidoras da miosina cardíaca. Por fim, os pacientes adequadamente identificados com risco aumentado de morta súbita podem receber medida profilática com implante de cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI).

La miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) es una forma de enfermedad cardíaca de origen genético, caracterizada por el engrosamiento de las paredes ventriculares. El diagnóstico requiere la detección mediante métodos de imagen (Ecocardiograma o Resonancia Magnética Cardíaca) que muestren algún segmento de la pared ventricular izquierda con un grosor &gt; 15 mm, sin otra causa probable. El análisis genético permite identificar mutaciones en genes que codifican diferentes estructuras del sarcómero responsables del desarrollo de la MCH en aproximadamente el 60% de los casos, lo que permite el tamizaje de familiares y el asesoramiento genético, como parte importante del manejo de pacientes y familiares. Varios conceptos sobre la MCH han sido revisados recientemente, incluida su prevalencia de 1 entre 250 individuos, por lo tanto, no es una enfermedad rara, sino subdiagnosticada. La gran mayoría de los pacientes son asintomáticos. En los casos sintomáticos, la obstrucción del tracto de salida ventricular izquierdo (TSVI) es el trastorno principal responsable de los síntomas, y su presencia debe investigarse en todos los casos. En aquellos en los que el ecocardiograma en reposo o la maniobra de Valsalva no detecta un gradiente intraventricular significativo (&gt; 30 mmHg), deben someterse a ecocardiografía de esfuerzo para detectar la obstrucción del TSVI. Los pacientes con síntomas limitantes y obstrucción grave del TSVI, refractarios al uso de betabloqueantes y verapamilo, deben recibir terapias de reducción septal o usar nuevos medicamentos inhibidores de la miosina cardíaca. Finalmente, los pacientes adecuadamente identificados con un riesgo aumentado de muerte súbita pueden recibir medidas profilácticas con el implante de un cardioversor-desfibrilador implantable (CDI).

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a form of genetically caused heart muscle disease, characterized by the thickening of the ventricular walls. Diagnosis requires detection through imaging methods (Echocardiogram or Cardiac Magnetic Resonance) showing any segment of the left ventricular wall with a thickness &gt; 15 mm, without any other probable cause. Genetic analysis allows the identification of mutations in genes encoding different structures of the sarcomere responsible for the development of HCM in about 60% of cases, enabling screening of family members and genetic counseling, as an important part of patient and family management. Several concepts about HCM have recently been reviewed, including its prevalence of 1 in 250 individuals, hence not a rare but rather underdiagnosed disease. The vast majority of patients are asymptomatic. In symptomatic cases, obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) is the primary disorder responsible for symptoms, and its presence should be investigated in all cases. In those where resting echocardiogram or Valsalva maneuver does not detect significant intraventricular gradient (&gt; 30 mmHg), they should undergo stress echocardiography to detect LVOT obstruction. Patients with limiting symptoms and severe LVOT obstruction, refractory to beta-blockers and verapamil, should receive septal reduction therapies or use new drugs inhibiting cardiac myosin. Finally, appropriately identified patients at increased risk of sudden death may receive prophylactic measure with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation.

ABSTRACT The common climatic characteristics in semi-arid regions can cause abiotic stress and be a limiting factor for crops. Under these conditions, the use of beneficial elements such as selenium (Se) is an alternative to mitigate the harmful effects of abiotic stresses and increase yield. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of onion grown in a semi-arid region under the application of Se. A field experiment was performed in a randomized block design, where five doses of Se (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 g ha-1), by foliar application, were tested on two onion hybrids (Andrômeda and Rio das Antas). Growth, nutritional and yield variables were analyzed. Se increased the height and accumulation of dry mass in onion plants, with a maximum at the 60 g ha-1 dose of Se, the same dose at which the highest commercial (78.15 t ha-1) and total (86.03 t ha-1) bulb yields were obtained in Rio das Antas; however, for Andrômeda, there was no effect of Se on yield. Applied Se doses also increased the content of this element in the bulbs. Despite increasing bulb yields only in the Rio das Antas hybrid, 60 g ha-1 of Se is recommended for onions due to its effects on plant growth and the biofortification of bulbs with Se. semiarid semi arid crops conditions (Se Therefore design 0, 0 (0 15 30 45 6 ha1, ha1 ha 1 , Andrômeda Antas. . Antas) Growth analyzed plants ha- 78.15 7815 78 (78.1 86.03 8603 86 03 (86.0 however hybrid ( 3 4 78.1 781 7 (78. 86.0 860 8 (86. 78. (78 86. (86 (7 (8

RESUMO As características climáticas comuns em regiões semiáridas podem causar estresse abiótico e ser um fator limitante ao cultivo agrícola. Nessas condições, o uso de elementos benéficos como o selênio (Se) é uma alternativa para mitigar os efeitos deletérios dos estresses abióticos e aumentar a produtividade. Portanto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronômico da cebola cultivada em região semiárida sob aplicação de Se. Foi conduzido um experimento de campo, delineado em blocos casualizados completos, onde foram testadas cinco doses de Se (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 g ha-1), por aplicação foliar, em dois híbridos de cebola (Andrômeda e Rio das Antas). Foram analisadas variáveis de crescimento, nutricional e produtividade. O Se aumentou a altura e o acúmulo de massa seca em plantas de cebola, com máxima na dose 60 g ha-1 de Se, mesma dose em que foi obtida a maior produtividade comercial (78,15 t ha-1) e total (86,03 t ha-1) de bulbos em Rio das Antas, todavia, para Andrômeda, não ocorreu efeito do Se sobre a produtividade. As doses de Se também aumentaram o teor desse elemento nos bulbos. Apesar de aumentar a produtividade de bulbos apenas em Rio das Antas, recomenda-se a aplicação de 60 g ha-1 de Se em cebola devido aos efeitos no crescimento da planta e na biofortificação dos bulbos com Se. agrícola condições (Se Portanto campo completos 0, 0 (0 15 30 4 6 ha1, ha1 ha 1 , foliar Andrômeda Antas. Antas . Antas) ha- 78,15 7815 78 (78,1 86,03 8603 86 03 (86,0 todavia recomendase recomenda se ( 3 78,1 781 7 (78, 86,0 860 8 (86, 78, (78 86, (86 (7 (8

Resumo O cisto dentígero pode ser classificado como cisto de desenvolvimento ou inflamatório, originando-se durante o processo de separação do folículo que fica aprisionado ao redor da coroa de um dente incluso. O objetivo do presente artigo é relatar um caso clínico de enucleação de cisto dentígero em corpo mandibular à esquerda associado ao primeiro molar inferior (36) incluso com envolvimento do nervo alveolar inferior através da técnica cirúrgica de janela óssea por meio da piezocirurgia. Paciente de 19 anos, sexo masculino, sem comorbidades, com lesão hipodensa, circunscrita, de aproximadamente 15,5 x 27,7 x 14,8 mm identificada em tomografia de feixe cónico. A técnica de janela óssea executada apresenta como vantagem o reposicionamento do segmento ósseo deslocado no transoperatório, favorecendo o processo de reparo, além do acesso direto à área contendo a lesão cística e o elemento incluso.

Abstract A dentigerous cyst can be classified as a developmental or inflammatory cyst. It originates during the process of separation from the follicle that becomes trapped around the crown of an impacted tooth. The purpose of this article is to report a clinical case of enucleation of a dentigerous cyst in the left mandibular body associated with the impacted lower first molar (tooth 36), with involvement of the inferior alveolar nerve, through the bone window surgical technique using piezosurgery. A 19-year-old male patient with no comorbidities presented with a well-defined hypodense lesion of approximately 15.51mm X 27.69mm X 14.79mm in diameter, as identified by cone-beam tomography. The bone window technique performed offers the advantage of repositioning the bone segment displaced during surgery, promoting the repair process, and providing direct access to the area containing the cystic lesion and the impacted tooth.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar un modelo de autoevaluación por parte de estudiantes y egresados de Cursos de Posgrado. Se realizó una encuesta con estudiantes y ex alumnos de una institución de educación superior en el sur de Brasil, y se obtuvo una muestra válida de 2.037 encuestados. Se propuso un modelo considerando las percepciones de los estudiantes y egresados respecto a la infraestructura de la institución, las asignaturas, los profesores del curso, el asesor y los apoyos administrativos como antecedentes y satisfacción como resultado de la evaluación del curso. Los resultados mostraron que la percepción del alumno de las asignaturas y de los profesores son las dimensiones que más impactan en la evaluación del curso. Además, la satisfacción de los estudiantes con el curso está influenciada positivamente por su autoevaluación. Posgrado Brasil 2037 2 037 2.03 encuestados Además 203 03 2.0 20 0 2.

Abstract The objective of this work is to develop a self-assessment model by students and alumni of Graduate Courses. A survey was carried out with students and alumni at a Higher Education institution in southern Brazil, and a valid sample of 2037 respondents was obtained. A model was proposed considering the perceptions of students and alumni regarding the institution’s infrastructure, the course subjects, the course professors, the advisor’s and the administrative supports as antecedents and satisfaction as a result of the course assessment. The results showed that the student’s perception of the subjects and the professors are the dimensions that most impact the assessment of the course. Furthermore, student satisfaction with the course is positively influenced by their self-assessment. selfassessment self Courses Brazil 203 obtained institutions s infrastructure advisors advisor Furthermore selfassessment. 20 2

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um modelo de autoavaliação para alunos e egressos de cursos de pós-graduação. Foi realizada uma pesquisa com estudantes e ex-alunos de uma instituição de ensino superior do sul do Brasil e obteve-se uma amostra válida de 2.037 respondentes. Foi proposto um modelo considerando as percepções dos alunos e ex-alunos sobre a infraestrutura da instituição, as disciplinas do curso, os professores do curso, os orientadores e os apoios administrativos como antecedentes e a satisfação como resultado da avaliação do curso. Os resultados mostraram que a percepção do aluno sobre as disciplinas e dos professores são as dimensões que mais impactam na avaliação do curso. Além disso, a satisfação do aluno com o curso é influenciada positivamente pela sua autoavaliação. pósgraduação. pósgraduação pós graduação. graduação pós-graduação exalunos ex obtevese obteve se 2037 2 037 2.03 respondentes disso 203 03 2.0 20 0 2.

ABSTRACT Classical developmentalism was heterodox economics that showed countries require a moderate intervention of the state in the economy to industrialize and catch up. Growth depends on investments and on a satisfying expected rate of profit, which import tariffs legitimized by the infant industry argument assure. Latin American countries adopted this industrial policy from the 1950s and experienced high growth rates. But the infant argument loses validity with time. In the 1980s, under the pressure of the Global North, Latin American countries adopted the neoliberal reforms, and are quasi-stagnant since then. New developmentalism emerged in the 2000s, made the critique of conventional economics, proposed a new growth strategy focused on a competitive exchange rate, and legitimized the use of import tariffs with the Dutch disease argument. up profit assure s rates time 1980s North reforms quasistagnant quasi stagnant then 2000s

RESUMO O desenvolvimentismo clássico é uma teoria econômica heterodoxa que mostrou que os países precisam de intervenção moderada do Estado na economia para se industrializar. Os países latino-americanos adotaram essa política industrial a partir da década de 1950 e tiveram altas taxas de crescimento. Mas o argumento da indústria nascente perde validade com o tempo. Na década de 1980, sob a pressão do Norte, os países latino-americanos adotaram as reformas neoliberais e estão quase estagnados desde então. O novo desenvolvimentismo surgiu nos anos 2000, fez a crítica da economia convencional, formulou uma macroeconomia do desenvolvimento baseada nos cinco preços macroeconômicos, desenvolveu um argumento contraintuitivo contra a política de crescimento com endividamento e poupança externa e a retomada de tarifas de importação para neutralizar a doença holandesa. industrializar latinoamericanos latino americanos 195 tempo 1980 Norte então 2000 convencional macroeconômicos holandesa 19 198 200 1 20 2

Abstract Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is an alternative treatment for patients with moderate/severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Objective: The authors evaluated the effect of MTX on the cutaneous expression of cytokines and chemokines that are involved in the inflammatory response in adult AD patients who received treatment with methotrexate for 24 weeks. Methods: The authors conducted a prospective single-institution cohort study with 12 adults with moderate/severe AD who received oral MTX (15 mg/wk for 24 wks) and 10 non-atopic matched controls. The comparison was made of skin biopsies of lesional and non-lesional skin, pre- and post MTX treatment. The authors analyzed mean epidermal thickness and expression of IL-31, IL-31RA, OSMR, TSLP, Ki67, IL-4 mRNA, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TARC, and CCL-22. Results: There was a reduction in mean epidermal thickness (p = 0.021), an increase in IL-31RA expression (immunohistochemistry) in the epidermis (p = 0.016) and a decrease in IL-31 gene expression (p = 0.019) on lesional AD skin post-MTX treatment. No significant changes in the cutaneous expression of the other evaluated markers were identified. Study limitations: Small sample size and limited length of follow-up. Conclusions: Treatment with MTX in adults with moderate/severe AD reduced epidermal hyperplasia and changed the cutaneous expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors that are mainly related to pruritus, including IL-31 and IL-31RA. Background (MTX moderatesevere moderate severe AD. . (AD) Objective 2 weeks Methods singleinstitution single institution 1 15 (1 mgwk mg wk wks nonatopic non controls nonlesional pre IL31, IL31 IL 31, 31 IL31RA, IL31RA ILRA 31RA, 31RA RA OSMR TSLP Ki67 Ki IL4 4 IL- mRNA IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 IL10, IL10 10, IL-10 TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α TNF-α IFNγ, IFNγ IFN γ, γ IFN-γ TARC CCL22. CCL22 CCL 22. 22 CCL-22 Results p 0.021, 0021 0.021 , 0 021 0.021) immunohistochemistry (immunohistochemistry 0.016 0016 016 IL-3 0.019 0019 019 postMTX identified limitations followup. followup follow up. up follow-up Conclusions pruritus IL31RA. 31RA. (AD ( IL3 3 Ki6 IL1 IL-1 CCL2 CCL-2 002 0.02 02 0.01 001 01 CCL- 00 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze functional aspects of breastfeeding, self-efficacy, and pain reported by mothers during breastfeeding, in newborns with severe and mild ankyloglossia. Methods: This is an observational study, carried out with 81 babies with ankyloglossia, assessed by the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (severe: scores 0–3; mild: scores 4–6) nested in a cohort carried out at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil. The functional aspects of breastfeeding were analyzed using the Breastfeeding Observation Form of the United Nations Children's Fund (BOF-UNICEF) and the LATCH Scoring System. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale — Short-Form. Pain indicators were evaluated by the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Maternal age was 26.7±0.8 years, and 64.2% reported high school education. Most babies were male (67.9%), and the birth weight was 3232±60g. A significant association was detected in the sucking aspect evaluated by the BOF-UNICEF [β=0.22 (95%CI 0.07; 0.73), p-value=0.013]. However, the groups did not differ in the assessment of breastfeeding performed by the LATCH scale. The groups had no differences in the assessment of breastfeeding self-efficacy reported by mothers, and in pain scores. Conclusions: Despite the observation of sucking difficulty in infants with severe ankyloglossia., the quality of breastfeeding in general, maternal pain, and self-efficacy reported by mothers do not differ when compared with infants with mild ankyloglossia. Therefore, the severity of ankyloglossia seems not to affect the breastfeeding indicators. Objective selfefficacy, selfefficacy self efficacy, efficacy Methods study 8 (severe 0–3 03 0 3 4–6 46 4 6 Maranhão Luis Brazil Childrens Children s BOFUNICEF BOF UNICEF (BOF-UNICEF System SelfEfficacy Self Efficacy ShortForm. ShortForm Short Form. Questionnaire 5 5% Results 26708 26 7 26.7±0. years 642 64 2 64.2 education 67.9%, 679 67.9% , 67 9 (67.9%) 323260g g 3232 60g 3232±60g β=0.22 β022 β 22 [β=0.2 95%CI 95CI CI 95 0.07 007 07 0.73, 073 0.73 73 0.73) pvalue=0.013. pvalue0013 pvalue p value=0.013 . value 013 p-value=0.013] However scale Conclusions general Therefore 0– 4– 2670 26.7±0 64. 67.9 (67.9% 323 β=0.2 β02 [β=0. 0.0 00 0.7 pvalue=0.013 pvalue001 value0013 value=0.01 01 p-value=0.013 267 26.7± 67. (67.9 32 β=0. β0 [β=0 0. pvalue=0.01 pvalue00 value001 value=0.0 p-value=0.01 26.7 (67. β=0 [β= pvalue=0.0 pvalue0 value00 value=0. p-value=0.0 26. (67 β= [β pvalue=0. value0 value=0 p-value=0. (6 pvalue=0 value= p-value=0 ( pvalue= p-value= p-value

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar aspectos funcionais da amamentação, autoeficácia e dor relatada pelas mães durante a amamentação, em recém-nascidos com anquiloglossia grave e leve. Métodos: Estudo observacional, realizado com 81 bebês diagnosticados com anquiloglossia avaliados pelo Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (grave: escores 0–3; leve: escores: 4–6), aninhados em um estudo de coorte realizado no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil. Os aspectos funcionais do aleitamento materno foram analisados por meio do Formulário de Observação da Amamentação do Fundo Internacional para a Infância das Nações Unidas (BOF-UNICEF) e da Escala LATCH. Aautoeficácia foi mensurada por meio da Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale — Short-Form. Os indicadores de dor foram avaliados pelo Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A idade materna foi 26,7±0,8 anos, e 64,2% concluíram o ensino médio. A maioria dos recém-nascidos era do sexo masculino (67,9%), e o peso ao nascer foi 3232±60g. Foi detectada associação significante no aspecto da sucção avaliado pelo BOF-UNICEF [β=0,22 (IC95% 0,07; 0,73), p=0,013]. No entanto, os grupos não diferiram na avaliação do aleitamento materno realizada pela escala LATCH. Os grupos não apresentaram diferenças na avaliação da autoeficácia em amamentar relatada pelas mães e no escore de dor. Conclusões: Apesar de ter sido observada dificuldade de sucção em lactentes com anquiloglossia grave, a qualidade da amamentação em geral, a dor materna e a autoeficácia relatada pelas mães não diferem quando comparadas com as de lactentes com anquiloglossia leve. Assim, a gravidade da anquiloglossia parece não afetar os indicadores de amamentação. Objetivo recémnascidos recém nascidos leve Métodos observacional 8 (grave 0–3 03 0 3 4–6, 46 4–6 , 4 6 4–6) Maranhão Luís Brasil BOFUNICEF BOF UNICEF (BOF-UNICEF LATCH SelfEfficacy Self Efficacy ShortForm. ShortForm Short Form. Form Questionnaire 5 5% Resultados 26708 26 7 26,7±0, anos 642 64 2 64,2 médio 67,9%, 679 67,9% 67 9 (67,9%) 323260g g 3232 60g 3232±60g β=0,22 β022 β 22 [β=0,2 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95 0,07 007 07 0,73, 073 0,73 73 0,73) p=0,013. p0013 p p=0,013 . 013 p=0,013] entanto Conclusões geral Assim 0– 4– 2670 26,7±0 64, 67,9 (67,9% 323 β=0,2 β02 [β=0, IC9 (IC9 0,0 00 0,7 p001 p=0,01 01 267 26,7± 67, (67,9 32 β=0, β0 [β=0 (IC 0, p00 p=0,0 26,7 (67, β=0 [β= p0 p=0, 26, (67 β= [β p=0 (6 p= (

ABSTRACT Agroecological management is considered a model of sustainable agriculture that offers social, environmental and economic benefits. The hypotheses of this study were that agroecological production systems can promote changes in the physical fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) associated with aggregates of different origins, and that the greater diversity of plant species in the production system may favour an increase in the carbon concentration of these aggregates. The aim of this study was to a) determine the mass of the free light fraction (FLF), intra-aggregate light fraction (ILF) and light organic matter fraction (LOM) of biogenic and physiogenic soil aggregates; and b) quantify the organic carbon content of the three light SOM fractions and the residual particulate SOM fraction. Five production systems were evaluated: AgF - Agroforestry system; CSun - Coffee grown in full sun; CSha - Coffee grown in shade; FLE - Flemingia grown in alleys; and NT - No-tillage. The aggregates were separated, identified and classified according to their origin or formation pathway into biogenic (formed by biological processes) or physiogenic aggregates (resulting from chemical and physical actions). From these, the mass and carbon content of the FLF, ILF, LOM and residual particulate fractions were quantified. The greater diversity of plant species found in the AgF system has not yet favoured an increase in the carbon content of the aggregates. The longer set-up time and the management practices of the CSun system has led to an increase in the carbon content of the organic fractions of the aggregates (3.44-1.63 g kg-1 for C-LOM; 1.93-1.13 g kg-1 for C-FLF). The lowest overall mean values for LOM and ILF were found mainly in the aggregates of the NT system (1.22-1.67 and 1.55-2.20 g kg-1, respectively), being associated with the shorter time and greater mobilisation of the arable layer. Biogenic aggregation afforded the highest overall mean values for LOM, and increased the mass of the light fractions (15.5%-27.8% for FLF; 23.4%-8.0% for ILF) and the carbon in the C-LOM, C-FLF and residual particulate fractions (42.3%, 12.9%, and 35.0%, respectively) in the surface layer, suggesting an improvement in soil quality. social benefits (SOM origins FLF , (FLF) intraaggregate intra aggregate (ILF (LOM b evaluated sun shade alleys Notillage. Notillage No tillage. tillage No-tillage separated formed processes resulting actions. actions . actions) quantified setup set up 3.441.63 344163 3.44 1.63 3 44 1 63 (3.44-1.6 kg1 kg kg- CLOM C C-LOM 1.931.13 193113 1.93 1.13 93 13 1.93-1.1 CFLF. CFLF C-FLF) 1.221.67 122167 1.22 1.67 22 67 (1.22-1.6 1.552.20 155220 1.55 2.20 55 2 20 1.55-2.2 kg1, 1, respectively, respectively layer 15.5%27.8% 155278 15.5% 27.8% 15 5 27 8 (15.5%-27.8 23.4%8.0% 23480 23.4% 8.0% 23 4 0 23.4%-8.0 CLOM, 42.3%, 423 42 (42.3% 129 12 9 12.9% 350 35 35.0% quality (FLF 441 3.441.6 34416 344 3.4 163 1.6 6 (3.44-1. 931 1.931.1 19311 193 1.9 113 1.1 1.93-1. 221 1.221.6 12216 122 1.2 167 (1.22-1. 552 1.552.2 15522 155 1.5 220 2.2 1.55-2. 15.5%27.8 15527 15.5 278 27.8 (15.5%-27. 23.4%8.0 2348 234 23.4 80 8.0 23.4%-8. 42.3% (42.3 12.9 35.0 3.441. 3441 34 3. 16 1. (3.44-1 1.931. 1931 19 11 1.93-1 1.221. 1221 (1.22-1 1.552. 1552 2. 1.55-2 15.5%27. 15. 27. (15.5%-27 23.4%8. 23. 8. 23.4%-8 42.3 (42. 12. 35. 3.441 (3.44- 1.931 1.93- 1.221 (1.22- 1.552 1.55- 15.5%27 (15.5%-2 23.4%8 23.4%- 42. (42 (3.44 (1.22 15.5%2 (15.5%- (4 (3.4 (1.2 (15.5% ( (3. (1. (15.5 (3 (1 (15. (15

ABSTRACT The use of carp pituitary extract (CPE) in fish reproduction may have drawbacks, whereas analogues of mammalian (aGnRHm) or salmon (aGnRHs) gonadotropins containing dopamine inhibitor (DI) may offer greater advantages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different hormone inducers on the reproduction of Prochilodus brevis males. A total of 44 specimens of P. brevis were divided into six groups, namely, CPE 4.0 mg; saline solution 1.0 mL; aGnRHm + DI 0.3 mg and 0.5 mg; and aGnRHs + DI 0.25 mL and 0.35 mL kg-1 of live weight. The number of ejaculates, seminal volume, curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), sperm morphology and concentration, and membrane and DNA integrity were determined. Sample normality was examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and homogeneity using the Levene test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted, followed by Tukey's test to compare means, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Notably, all fish induced with CPE 4.0 and aGnRHm + DI demonstrated ejaculation, yielding a greater seminal volume. Sperm concentration under aGnRHs + DI 0.35 exceeded that with aGnRHm + DI 0.3 and CPE 4.0. Regarding velocity, aGnRHm + DI 0.3 outperformed aGnRHs + DI 0.35 in VCL, while aGnRHm + DI 0.3 and 0.5 and aGnRHs + DI 0.25 led to higher VSL than aGnRHs 0.35. Additionally, VAP was elevated under aGnRHm + DI 0.3 and CPE, in contrast to aGnRHs + DI 0.35. Improved sperm morphology was observed with aGnRHm + DI 0.5 and aGnRHs + DI 0.25 compared to aGnRHm + DI 0.3. The remaining parameters did not differ significantly. (CPE drawbacks (aGnRHm (aGnRHs (DI advantages males 4 P groups namely 40 0 4. 10 1 1. 03 3 0. 05 5 025 25 0.2 035 35 kg1 kg kg- weight ejaculates volume VCL , (VCL) straightline straight line VSL, (VSL) VAP, (VAP) determined ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk ANOVA (ANOVA conducted Tukeys Tukey s means 005 0.05 Notably ejaculation Additionally significantly 02 2 (VCL (VSL (VAP 00 0.0

Abstract This study examined the oral health-related therapeutic itineraries of quilombola adults in a rural district of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. This qualitative study involved ten semi-structured interviews of adult members of the quilombola community, in May 2021, which were then transcribed and analysed using content analysis. The results showed little or poor oral hygiene at some stage of life, especially in childhood and adolescence, the use of popular oral health care practices, and experiences of professional care featuring tooth extraction. Use of health services was mostly reported only in the period prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses as to perceived ease of access to health services in the community varied. One common complaint as to satisfaction with oral health was the need to use or replace dental prostheses. This study concluded that oral health must be promoted jointly with disease prevention, dental rehabilitation and recognition for the knowledge and worldview of the quilombola population. healthrelated related Conquista Bahia semistructured semi structured 2021 analysis life adolescence practices extraction COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic varied prostheses prevention population 202 COVID1 1 COVID- 20 2

Resumo O estudo analisou os itinerários terapêuticos relacionados à saúde bucal de adultos quilombolas de um distrito rural de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual foram realizadas dez entrevistas semiestruturadas com adultos quilombolas em maio de 2021, transcritas e analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram ausência e/ou precariedade na higiene bucal em alguma fase da vida, especialmente infância e adolescência; utilização de práticas populares para cuidado a saúde bucal e experiências de cuidado profissional marcados pela exodontia. A utilização de serviços de saúde foi relatada, em sua maioria, apenas no período anterior à pandemia de COVID-19, os entrevistados divergiram quanto à percepção de facilidade do acesso aos serviços de saúde em sua comunidade. Os relatos sobre a satisfação da saúde bucal destacaram a necessidade de uso ou substituição de próteses dentárias. À guisa de conclusão, entende-se que é necessária a promoção de saúde bucal de forma articulada com ações que possibilitem a prevenção de agravos, a reabilitação odontológica e a valorização do conhecimento e da visão de mundo da população quilombola. Conquista Bahia Tratase Trata se qualitativa 2021 conteúdo eou vida adolescência exodontia relatada maioria COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 comunidade dentárias conclusão entendese entende agravos quilombola 202 COVID1 1 COVID-1 20 COVID- 2