Pesquisa | SciELO

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe changes in sociodemographic, economic and variables related to the characterization of family, health and education during the COVID-19 pandemic in a birth cohort evaluated at 10–11 years of age. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 1,033 children from a cohort of children born in 2010/2011, in the city of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Data were collected from July to October 2021 by telephone or video interview held with the person responsible for the child. The questionnaires discussed family organization, child behavior and health, school attendance, socioeconomic assessment and occurrence of COVID-19 during the period of social isolation due to the pandemic. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. The chi-square test was used to verify group differences by minimum wages (MW). Results: Of the respondents, 47.6% reported worsening of their financial situation during the pandemic, which was more frequent in the group with a household income <3 MW compared to the group with >6 MW (59.1 vs. 15.7%; p<0.001). According to the respondents, 62% of the children exhibited behavioral changes during the period and anxiety was the most frequently reported condition. In addition, 61.4% of the children had learning difficulties and these problems were more prevalent among children from households with lower incomes compared to those with higher incomes (74.7 vs. 45.1%; p<0.001). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed different economic aspects of families, as well as educational, health and behavioral indicators of children. Lower-income families were the most affected both economically and in terms of other indicators. Objective sociodemographic COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 1011 10 11 10–1 age Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 1033 1 033 1,03 20102011 2010 2011 2010/2011 Preto SP Brazil 202 organization attendance data chisquare chi square MW. . (MW) Results respondents 476 47 6 47.6 3 < > 59.1 591 59 (59. vs 15.7% 157 15 7 p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 0 001 p<0.001) 62 condition addition 614 61 4 61.4 74.7 747 74 (74. 45.1% 451 45 Conclusion educational Lowerincome Lower COVID1 COVID- 101 10– 103 03 1,0 2010201 201 2010/201 20 (MW 47. 59. 5 (59 15.7 p000 p<0.00 00 61. 74. (74 45.1 1, 201020 2010/20 2 (5 15. p00 p<0.0 (7 45. 20102 2010/2 ( p0 p<0. 2010/ p<0 p<

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as alterações nas características sociodemográficas, econômicas e variáveis relacionadas à caracterização da família, saúde e educação durante a pandemia da COVID-19, em uma coorte de nascimento avaliada aos 10–11 anos de idade. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo 1.033 crianças de uma coorte de nascidos em 2010/2011, na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas por telefone ou videochamada com o responsável pela criança, no período de julho a outubro de 2021. Os questionários abordaram informações sobre a organização familiar, comportamento e saúde da criança, acompanhamento escolar, avaliação socioeconômica e ocorrência da COVID-19 durante o período de isolamento social. Foi realizada estatística descritiva. O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado para verificar diferenças de grupos por salários-mínimos (SM). Resultados: Dos entrevistados, 47,6% relataram piora na condição financeira durante a pandemia, sendo a piora econômica mais frequente no grupo de renda familiar <3 SM em comparação ao grupo de >6 SM (59,1 vs. 15,7%; p<0,001). Segundo os responsáveis, 62% das crianças apresentaram mudança de comportamento durante o período, sendo a ansiedade relatada com mais frequência. Ainda, 61,4% das crianças apresentaram dificuldades de aprendizagem, e o prejuízo foi mais acentuado naquelas de menor renda familiar em comparação às de maior renda (74,7 vs. 45,1%; p<0,001). Conclusão: A pandemia da COVID-19 alterou diferentes aspectos econômicos das famílias, assim como indicadores educacionais, de saúde e de comportamento das crianças. As famílias de menor renda foram as mais prejudicadas tanto do ponto de vista econômico como nos demais indicadores. Objetivo sociodemográficas família COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 1011 10 11 10–1 idade Métodos 1033 1 033 1.03 20102011 2010 2011 2010/2011 Preto SP Brasil criança 2021 escolar COVID-1 social descritiva quiquadrado qui quadrado saláriosmínimos salários mínimos SM. . (SM) Resultados entrevistados 476 47 6 47,6 3 < > 59,1 591 59 (59, vs 15,7% 157 15 7 p<0,001. p0001 p p<0,001 0 001 p<0,001) responsáveis 62 frequência Ainda 614 61 4 61,4 aprendizagem 74,7 747 74 (74, 45,1% 451 45 Conclusão educacionais COVID1 101 10– 103 03 1.0 2010201 201 2010/201 202 COVID- (SM 47, 59, 5 (59 15,7 p000 p<0,00 00 61, 74, (74 45,1 1. 201020 20 2010/20 (5 15, p00 p<0,0 (7 45, 20102 2 2010/2 ( p0 p<0, 2010/ p<0 p<

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720230036

Sociodemographic and economic characteristics of families and health and education conditions of children in the BRISA cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Teixeira, Julia Hannah

; Rocha, Paulo Ricardo Higassiaraguti

; Veiga, Eduardo Carvalho de Arruda

; Salomão, Karina Bezerra

; Barbieri, Manuela Ramos

; Oliveira, Mariana Moraes de

; Cardoso, Viviane Cunha

; Cavalli, Ricardo de Carvalho

; Barbieri, Marco Antonio

; Saraiva, Maria da Conceição Pereira

; Bettiol, Heloisa

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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2023, Volume 26 elocation e230036

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720230036

Brazilian Academy of Neurology practice guidelines for stroke rehabilitation: part I
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Minelli, Cesar

; Bazan, Rodrigo

; Pedatella, Marco Túlio Araújo

; Neves, Luciana de Oliveira

; Cacho, Roberta de Oliveira

; Magalhães, Sheila Cristina Sayuri Abe

; Luvizutto, Gustavo José

; Moro, Carla Heloísa Cabral

; Lange, Marcos Christiano

; Modolo, Gabriel Pinheiro

; Lopes, Bruna Correia

; Pinheiro, Elisandra Leites

; Souza, Juli Thomaz de

; Rodrigues, Guilherme Riccioppo

; Fabio, Soraia Ramos Cabette

; Prado, Gilmar Fernandes do

; Carlos, Karla

; Teixeira, Juliana Junqueira Marques

; Barreira, Clara Monteiro Antunes

; Castro, Rodrigo de Souza

; Quinan, Thalita Dayrell Leite

; Damasceno, Eduardo

; Almeida, Kelson James

; Pontes-Neto, Octávio Marques

; Dalio, Marina Teixeira Ramalho Pereira

; Camilo, Millene Rodrigues

; Tosin, Michelle Hyczy de Siqueira

; Oliveira, Bianca Campos

; Oliveira, Beatriz Guitton Renaud Baptista de

; Carvalho, João José Freitas de

; Martins, Sheila Cristina Ouriques

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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Jun 2022, Volume 80 Nº 6 Páginas 634 - 652

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO As Diretrizes Brasileiras para Reabilitação do AVC são fruto de um esforço conjunto do Departamento Científico de Reabilitação Neurológica da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia com o objetivo de orientar os profissionais envolvidos no processo de reabilitação para a redução da incapacidade funcional e aumento da autonomia dos indivíduos. Membros do grupo acima participaram de fóruns de discussão na web com pré-temas, seguidos de reuniões por videoconferência em que as controvérsias foram discutidas, levando a um consenso. Essas diretrizes, divididas em duas partes, focam as implicações de recentes ensaios clínicos, revisões sistemáticas e metanálises sobre reabilitação do AVC. O objetivo principal é servir de orientação a médicos, fisioterapeutas, fonoaudiólogos, terapeutas ocupacionais, enfermeiros, nutricionistas e demais profissionais envolvidos no cuidado pós-AVC. As recomendações e níveis de evidência foram adaptados de acordo com a literatura disponível atualmente. Aqui é apresentada a Parte I sobre tópicos de reabilitação na fase aguda, prevenção e tratamento de doenças e comorbidades frequentes após o AVC.

ABSTRACT The Guidelines for Stroke Rehabilitation are the result of a joint effort by the Scientific Department of Neurological Rehabilitation of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology aiming to guide professionals involved in the rehabilitation process to reduce functional disability and increase individual autonomy. Members of the group participated in web discussion forums with predefined themes, followed by videoconference meetings in which issues were discussed, leading to a consensus. These guidelines, divided into two parts, focus on the implications of recent clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses in stroke rehabilitation literature. The main objective was to guide physicians, physiotherapists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, nurses, nutritionists, and other professionals involved in post-stroke care. Recommendations and levels of evidence were adapted according to the currently available literature. Part I discusses topics on rehabilitation in the acute phase, as well as prevention and management of frequent conditions and comorbidities after stroke.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2021-0354

Use of personal protective equipment to care for patients with COVID-19: scoping review
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Garcia, Gracielle Pereira Aires

; Fracarolli, Isabela Fernanda Larios

; Santos, Heloisa Ehmke Cardoso dos

; Souza, Virgínia Ramos dos Santos

; Cenzi, Camila Maria

; Marziale, Maria Helena Palucci

Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem

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2021, Volume 42 Nº spe elocation e20200150

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objetivo Sumarizar o conhecimento sobre recomendações do uso de equipamentos de proteção individual necessários para a prestação do cuidado por profissionais de saúde à pacientes suspeitos ou infectados pelo novo coronavírus. Método Scoping review com busca de estudos primários, revisões e artigos preprints em inglês, português e espanhol, nos últimos 20 anos nas bases WOS/ISI, SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PuBMed, CINAHL, LILACS e SciELO. Estudos não publicados em periódicos foram levantados nos Preprints bioRxiv e SciELO preprints. Resultados 23 estudos foram elegíveis. Experiências com coronavírus anteriores ao SARS-CoV-2 revelaram que os equipamentos foram barreiras imprescindíveis na prevenção da transmissão e seguiram recomendações de precauções padrão, contato, gotícula e aerossol. Em 13 (57%) estudos esses equipamentos atenderam às recomendações internacionais e em 10 (45%) recomendações locais. Conclusão Os equipamentos de proteção individual utilizados não seguem padronização global segundo tipo, qualidade e provisão adequada, expondo esses profissionais ao risco de contaminação.

ABSTRACT Objective To summarize the knowledge about recommendations for the use of personal protective equipment necessary for the provision of care by health professionals to patients suspected or infected by the new coronavirus. Method Scoping review with search for primary studies, reviews and preprints articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish, in the last 20 years on the bases WOS/ISI, SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PuBMed, CINAHL, LILACS and SciELO. Unpublished studies in journals were surveyed on bioRxiv and SciELO preprints. Results 23 studies were eligible. Experiences with coronavirus prior to SARS-CoV-2 revealed that the equipment was an essential barrier in preventing transmission and followed the recommendations for standard precautions, contact, droplet and aerosol. In 13 (57%) studies, this equipment complied international recommendations and in 10 (45%) local recommendations. Conclusion The personal protective equipment used does not follow global standardization according to type, quality and adequate provision, exposing these professionals to the risk of contamination.

RESUMEN Objetivo Resumir el conocimiento sobre las recomendaciones para el uso de equipos de protección personal necesarios para la prestación de cuidados por parte de los profesionales de salud a pacientes sospechosos o infectados por el nuevo coronavírus. Método Revisión de alcance con búsqueda de estudios primarios, revisiones y preprints en inglés, portugués y español, en los últimos 20 años en bases WOS/ISI, SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PuBMed, CINAHL, LILACS y SciELO. Estudios no publicados en revistas se encontraron en Preprints bioRxiv y SciELO preprints. Resultados 23 estudios fueron elegibles. Experiencias con coronavirus antes del SARS-CoV-2 revelaron que el equipo era una barrera esencial para prevenir la transmisión y siguieron las recomendaciones de precauciones estándar, contacto, gotas y aerosoles. En 13 (57%) estudios este equipo cumplió con las recomendaciones internacionales y en 10 (45%) recomendaciones locales. Conclusión El equipo de protección personal utilizado no sigue la estandarización global según tipo, calidad y provisión adecuada, exponiendo a estos profesionales al riesgo de contaminación.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200150 644 downloads

[SciELO Preprints] - Use of personal protection equipment to care for patients with covid-19: scoping review
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Garcia, Gracielle Pereira Aires Fracarolli, Isabela Fernanda Larios Santos, Heloisa Ehmke Cardoso dos Souza, Virgínia Ramos dos Santos Cenzi, Camila Maria Marziale, Maria Helena Palucci

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Data de publicação: 2020-11-06

Resumo: En Es Pt

Objective: To summarize knowledge about recommendations for the use of personal protective equipment necessary for the provision of care by health professionals to patients suspected or infected with the new coronavirus. Method: Scope review with research of primary studies, reviews and preprints articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish, in the last 20 years on the bases WOS/ISI, SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PuBMed, CINAHL, LILACS and SciELO. Unpublished studies in journals were surveyed on bioRxiv and SciELO preprints. Results: 23 studies were eligible. Experiments with coronavirus prior to SARS-CoV-2 revealed that the equipment was an essential barrier in preventing transmission and follows the precautions of standard precautions, contact, droplet and aerosol. In 13 (57%) studies, this equipment meets international requirements and in 10 (45%). Conclusion: The personal protective equipment used does not follow the standardization of the second global type, quality and adequate provision, exposing these professionals to the risk of contamination.

Objetivo: Sumariar el conocimiento sobre las recomendaciones para el uso de equipos de protección personal necesarios para la prestación de atención por parte de los profesionales de salud a pacientes sospechosos o infectados con el nuevo coronavírus. Método: Revisión de alcance con búsqueda de estudios primarios, revisiones y preimpresiones en inglés, portugués y español, en los últimos 20 años en bases WOS/ISI, SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PuBMed, CINAHL, LILACS y SciELO. Estudios no publicados en revistas se encuestaron en Preprints bioRxiv y SciELO preprints. Resultados: 23 estudios fueron elegibles. Experiencias con coronavirus previos SARS-CoV-2 revelaron que equipo era una barrera esencial para prevenir la transmisión y siguieron recomendaciones de precauciones estándar, contacto, gotas y aerosoles. En 13 (57%) estudios este equipo cumplió con recomendaciones internacionales y 10 (45%) recomendaciones locales. Conclusión: Equipo de protección personal utilizado no sigue la estandarización global según tipo, calidad y provisión adecuada, exponiendo a estos profesionales al riesgo de contaminación.

Objetivo: Sumarizar o conhecimento sobre recomendações do uso de equipamentos de proteção individual necessários para a prestação do cuidado por profissionais de saúde à pacientes suspeitos ou infectados pelo novo coronavírus. Método: Scoping review com busca de estudos primários, revisões e artigos preprints em inglês, português e espanhol, nos últimos 20 anos nas bases WOS/ISI, SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PuBMed, CINAHL, LILACS e SciELO. Estudos não publicados em periódicos foram levantados nos Preprints bioRxiv e SciELO preprints. Resultados: 23 estudos foram elegíveis. Experiências com coronavírus anteriores ao SARS-CoV-2 revelaram que os equipamentos foram barreiras imprescindíveis na prevenção da transmissão e seguiram recomendações de precauções padrão, contato, gotícula e aerossol. Em 13 (57%) estudos esses equipamentos atenderam às recomendações internacionais e em 10 (45%) recomendações locais. Conclusão: Os equipamentos de proteção individual utilizados não seguem padronização global segundo tipo, qualidade e provisão adequada, expondo esses profissionais ao risco de contaminação. Palavras-chave: Infecções por coronavírus. Equipamento de proteção individual. Pessoal de saúde.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200150

On the performance of three indices of agreement: an easy-to-use r-code for calculating the Willmott indices
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Pereira, Heloisa Ramos

; Meschiatti, Monica Cristina

; Pires, Regina Célia de Matos

; Blain, Gabriel Constantino

Bragantia

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Jun 2018, Volume 77 Nº 2 Páginas 394 - 403

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT A key step for any modeling study is to compare model-produced estimates with observed/reliable data. The original index of agreement (also known as original Willmott index) has been widely used to measure how well model-produced estimates simulate observed data. However, in its original version such index may lead the user to erroneously select a predicting model. Therefore, this study compared the sensibility of the original index of agreement with its two newer versions (modified and refined) and provided an easy-to-use R-code capable of calculating these three indices. First, the sensibility of the indices was evaluated through Monte Carlo Experiments. These controlled simulations considered different sorts of errors (systematic, random and systematic + random) and errors magnitude. By using the R-code, we also carried out a case of study in which the indices are expected to indicate that th empirical Thornthwaite’s model produces poor estimates of daily reference evapotranspiration in respect to the standard method Penman-Monteith (FAO56). Our findings indicate that the original index of agreement may indeed erroneously select a predicting model performing poorly. Our results also indicate that the newer versions of this index overcome such problem, producing more rigorous evaluations. Although the refined Willmott index presents the broadest range of possible values, it does not inform the user if a predicting model overestimate or underestimate the simulated data, resulting in no extra information regarding those already provided by the modified version. None of the indices represents the error as linear functions of its magnitude in respect to the observed process.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.2017054 4189 downloads

Características da Atmosfera na Primavera Austral Durante o El Niño de 2015/2016
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Pereira, Heloisa Ramos

; Reboita, Michelle Simões

; Ambrizzi, Tércio

Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia

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Jun 2017, Volume 32 Nº 2 Páginas 293 - 310

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O El Niño (EN) é caracterizado pelo aquecimento anômalo das águas superficiais do oceano Pacífico Tropical central e leste que afeta o clima global e regional através das anomalias da circulação da atmosfera. O EN 2015/2016 foi classificado como um evento muito forte. Portanto, esse estudo tem como objetivo mostrar as características da atmosfera durante a ocorrência desse evento nos meses de setembro, outubro e novembro de 2015. Entre os resultados, têm-se o deslocamento para leste da célula de circulação zonal de Walker, intensificação dos jatos subtropical e polar, presença de anomalias positivas de altura geopotencial no oceano Pacífico próximas ao sul da América do Sul e anomalias negativas no sudeste desse continente e no oceano Atlântico. Além disso, há maior frequência de ciclones nas latitudes subtropicais do oceano Atlântico e convergência do fluxo de umidade integrado na vertical sobre o sudeste da América do Sul. Essas características contribuem para anomalias de precipitação e temperatura do ar na América do Sul.

Abstract The El Niño (EN) is characterized by an anomalous warming of the central and eastern surface of the Tropical Pacific Ocean waters, which affects global and regional climate through the circulation anomalies in the atmosphere. The EN 2015/2016 was classified as very strong. Therefore, this study aims to show the atmospheric characteristics during the occurrence of this event in September, October and November of 2015. Among the results, there are the shift to eastern of the zonal Walker Cell, the intensification of the subtropical and polar jets, the presence of positive anomalies of geopotential height in the Pacific ocean near the southern of South America and negative anomalies in the south and southeast of the continent and the Atlantic ocean. Moreover, there is an increase of the cyclone frequency in the subtropical latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean, and convergence of vertically integrated flux moisture on the southeastern South America. These characteristics contribute to precipitation anomalies and air temperature in South America.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-77863220011 2925 downloads

Erratum on "Consensus of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases and Brazilian Society of Clinical Oncology on the management and treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma" [Braz. J. Infect. Dis. 18 (3) (2014) 315-326]
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Arruda, Érico

; Jacome, Alexandre Andrade dos Anjos

; Toscano, Ana Luiza de Castro Conde

; Silvestrini, Anderson Arantes

; Rêgo, André Santa Bárbara

; Wiermann, Evanius Garcia

; Cunha Jr., Geraldo Felicio da

; Melo, Heloisa Ramos Lacerda de

; Morejón, Karen Mirna Loro

; Goldani, Luciano Zubaran

; Pereira Jr., Luiz Carlos

; Silva, Mariliza Henrique

; Treistman, Mauro Sergio

; Pereira, Mônica Cristina Toledo

; Romero, Patricia Maria Bezerra Xavier

; Schmerling, Rafael Aron

; Guedes, Rodrigo Antonio Vieira

; Camargo, Veridiana Pires de

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Ago 2014, Volume 18 Nº 4 Páginas 468 - 468

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2014.06.002 1041 downloads

Consensus of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases and Brazilian Society of Clinical Oncology on the management and treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma
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Arruda, Érico

; Jacome, Alexandre Andrade dos Anjos

; Toscano, Ana Luiza de Castro Conde

; Silvestrini, Anderson Arantes

; Rêgo, André Santa Bárbara

; Wiermann, Evanius Garcia

; Cunha Jr., Geraldo Felicio da

; Melo, Heloisa Ramos Lacerda de

; Morejón, Mirna Loro

; Goldani, Luciano Zubaran

; Pereira Jr., Luiz Carlos

; Silva, Mariliza Henrique

; Treistman, Mauro Sergio

; Pereira, Mônica Cristina Toledo

; Romero, Patricia Maria Bezerra Xavier

; Schmerling, Rafael Aron

; Guedes, Rodrigo Antonio Vieira

; Camargo, Veridiana Pires de

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Jun 2014, Volume 18 Nº 3 Páginas 315 - 326

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Kaposi's sarcoma is a multifocal vascular lesion of low-grade potential that is most often present in mucocutaneous sites and usually also affects lymph nodes and visceral organs. The condition may manifest through purplish lesions, flat or raised with an irregular shape, gastrointestinal bleeding due to lesions located in the digestive system, and dyspnea and hemoptysis associated with pulmonary lesions. In the early 1980s, the appearance of several cases of Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men was the first alarm about a newly identified epidemic, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In 1994, it was finally demonstrated that the presence of a herpes virus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma called HHV-8 or Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus and its genetic sequence was rapidly deciphered. The prevalence of this virus is very high (about 50%) in some African populations, but stands between 2% and 8% for the entire world population. Kaposi's sarcoma only develops when the immune system is depressed, as in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which appears to be associated with a specific variant of the Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus. There are no treatment guidelines for Kaposi's sarcoma established in Brazil, and thus the Brazilian Society of Clinical Oncology and the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases developed the treatment consensus presented here.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2014.01.002 3007 downloads Citado 2 vezes em SciELO

10.

Primary resistance of HIV to antiretrovirals among individuals recently diagnosed at voluntary counselling and testing centres in the metropolitan region of Recife, Pernambuco
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Cavalcanti, Ana Maria Salustiano

; Brito, Ana Maria de

; Salustiano, Daniela Medeiros

; Lima, Kledoaldo Oliveira de

; Silva, Sirleide Pereira da

; Diaz, Ricardo Sobhie

; Lacerda, Heloisa Ramos

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Jun 2012, Volume 107 Nº 4 Páginas 450 - 457

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Determining the prevalence and type of antiretroviral (ARV) resistance among ARV-naïve individuals is important to assess the potential responses of these individuals to first-line regimens. The prevalence of primary resistance and the occurrence of recent infections among individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were identified among recently diagnosed patients at five sexually transmitted disease/AIDS testing and counselling centres in the metropolitan region of Recife (RMR), Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2007-2009. One-hundred and eight samples were analysed using the Calypte® BED assay. Males predominated (56%), as did patients aged 31-50 years. Twenty-three percent presented evidence of a recent HIV infection. The median CD4+ T lymphocyte count was 408 cells/mm³ and the median viral load was 3.683 copies/mL. The prevalence of primary resistance was 4.6% (confidence interval 95% = 1-8.2%) based on criteria that excluded common polymorphisms in accordance with the surveillance drug resistance mutation criteria. The prevalence of resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors were 3.8%, 1.5% and 0.8%, respectively. Fifty-seven percent of strains were from clade B, 37.7% were clade F and 3.1% were clade C; there were no statistically significant differences with respect to resistance between clades. Recent infection tended to be more common in men (p = 0.06) and in municipalities in the south of the RMR (Jaboatão dos Guararapes and Cabo de Santo Agostinho) (p = 0.046). The high prevalence of recent infection and the high prevalence of non-B strains in this poor Brazilian region merit further attention.

2623 downloads

11.

Recent HIV infection rates among HIV positive patients seeking voluntary counseling and testing centers in the metropolitan region of Recife - Pe, Brazil
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Cavalcanti, Ana Maria Salustiano

; Brito, Ana Maria de

; Salustiano, Daniela Medeiros

; Lima, Kledoaldo Oliveira de

; Silva, Sirleide Pereira da

; Lacerda, Heloisa Ramos

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Abr 2012, Volume 16 Nº 2 Páginas 157 - 163

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The BED capture enzyme immunoassay test makes it possible to determine whether individuals were recently infected with HIV. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the overall HIV and recent infections prevalences were determined at five Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) centers, in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Northeastern of Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among users of five VCTs in the metropolitan region of Recife between July 2007 and April 2009. Out of the individuals who tested positive for HIV, 169 were analyzed to assess the prevalence of recent infection by means of the BED-CEIA (BED-Calypte®). RESULTS: Out of 46,696 individuals tested 916 (1.96%) turned out positive for HIV infection The highest prevalence was in Recife (3.9%). The prevalence was higher among males (3.93%), and men who have sex with men (MSM) (12.4%). The frequency of recent infections among the 169 subjects evaluated was 23.7%. Recent infections were more common among individuals under 25 years of age. There was slight predominance of men and higher frequency of heterosexuals in both groups, but still a significant portion of MSM (33%). Subtype B predominated, followed by a high proportion of subtype F. CONCLUSIONS: Recent infection occurs mainly among young individuals and heterosexuals, despite a significant proportion of recent infection among MSM. These results suggest that preventive actions aimed at the MSM community remains a challenge and efforts focusing this group should continue to be a priority.

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12.

Diagnostic methods for prevention of anal cancer and characteristics of anal lesions caused by HPV in men with HIV/AIDS
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Pereira, Araiz Cajueiro Carneiro

; Lacerda, Heloísa Ramos de

; Barros, Romualda Castro do Rêgo

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Ago 2008, Volume 12 Nº 4 Páginas 293 - 299

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abnormalities found with anuscopy under colposcopic vision, anal cytology and anal biopsy were evaluated in 21 men with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) at the Federal University of Pernambuco Hospital in Brazil. Mean age was 38.4 ± 6.0 years, and mean time of HIV infection was 8.3 ± 5.1 years; 95.2% of the patients had been on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for an average of 6.6 ± 4.5 years. Mean CD4+ cell count was 482.2 ± 173.75 cells/mm³, and 80.9% presented a HIV viral load of < 5,000 copies/mL. Reported sexual preference was 52.4% homosexuals, 28.6% bisexuals, and 19.0%heterosexuals; 81% reported having had receptive anal intercourse and 61.9% reported more than 10 sexual partners of the same sex. Results of anuscopy under colposcopic vision revealed 17 (81.0%) low-grade lesions and/or condylomata or micropapillae and four (19.0%) high-grade lesions with or without condylomata. Among the 21 anal cytology examinations, seven (33.3%) revealed low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL); three (14.3%) presented atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and 11 (52.4%) were normal. Seventeen patients were submitted to anal biopsy with the following findings: three patients (17.6%) with normal epithelium, one (5.9%) with infection by HPV, three (17.6%) with condylomatas, two (11.8%) with AIN 1, four (23.6%) with AIN 2, three (17.6%) with AIN 3, and one (5.9%) with PAIN 2. Anuscopy under colposcopic vision was found to be useful for detecting anal lesions and for guiding anal biopsies. Anal cytology was less useful, as it underestimated the frequency of lesions.

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13.

Antiretroviral resistance in individuals presenting therapeutic failure and subtypes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the Northeast Region of Brazil
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Cavalcanti, Ana Maria Salustiano

; Lacerda, Heloisa Ramos

; Brito, Ana Maria de

; Pereira, Sirleide

; Medeiros, Daniela

; Oliveira, Suelene

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Nov 2007, Volume 102 Nº 7 Páginas 785 - 792

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This study aimed to analyze human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mutation profiles related to antiretroviral resistance following therapeutic failure, and the distribution of hiv subtypes in the Northeast Region of Brazil. A total of 576 blood samples from AIDS patients presenting therapeutic failure between 2002 and 2004 were analyzed. The genotyping kit viroSeq® was used to perform viral amplification in order to identify mutations related to hiv pol gene resistance. An index of 91.1% of the patients presented mutations for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nrti), 58.7% for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nnrti), and 94.8% for protease inhibitors (pi). The most prevalent mutations were 184V and 215E for nrti, 103N and 190A for nnrti. Most mutations associated with PIs were secondary, but significant frequencies were observed in codons 90 (25.2%), 82 (21.1%), and 30 (16.2%). The resistance index to one class of antiretrovirals was 14%, to two classes of antiretrovirals 61%, and to three classes 18.9%. Subtype B was the most prevalent (82.4%) followed by subtype F (11.8%). The prevalence of mutations related to nrti and nnrti was the same in the two subtypes, but codon analysis related to PI showed a higher frequency of mutations in codon 63 in subtype B and in codon 36 in subtype F. The present study showed that there was a high frequency of primary mutations, which offered resistance to nrti and nnrti. Monitoring patients with treatment failure is an important tool for aiding physicians in rescue therapy.

2272 downloads

14.

Epidemiologia, etiologia e formas clínicas das dermatofitoses em Pernambuco, 1995-2005
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Damázio, Paula Maria Rodrigues de Barros Corrêa

; Lacerda, Heloisa Ramos

; Lacerda Filho, Armando Marsden

; Magalhães, Oliane Maria Correia

; Neves, Rejane Pereira

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Ago 2007, Volume 40 Nº 4 Páginas 484 - 486

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Num total de 1.238 casos de dermatofitoses, ocorridas na Cidade de Recife /PE, observou-se predomínio das tinhas de couro cabeludo (33,7%) e Trichophyton tonsurans (25,5%), entre 1995 e 1999, enquanto as tinhas de pele glabra (35,5%) e Trichophyton rubrum (34%) foram mais freqüentes entre 2000 e 2005. Detectou-se importante redução do Trichophyton mentagrophytes, no último período.

Out of a total of 1,238 cases of dermatophytosis in the city of Recife (Pernambuco), lesions of the scalp (33.7%) and Trichophyton tonsurans (25.5%) predominated between 1995 and 2000, while lesions of the hairless skin (35.5%) and Trichophyton rubrum (34%) were the most frequent between 2000 and 2005. A significant reduction in Trichophyton mentagrophytes was detected in the second of these periods.

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