Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between child exposure to intimate partner violence (CEIPV) committed against their mother and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in school-age children. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out that evaluated 626 mother-child pairs living in a poor urban area in the Northeast of Brazil. The mothers were asked about their children’s exposure to intimate partner violence. Holden’s classification was used, which investigates ten types of CEIPV from prenatal care. The number of exposures, age of onset, and the perpetrator of the exposure were also verified. The FGIDs in children were identified from the mother’s responses to the questionnaire about pediatric gastrointestinal symptoms, Roma III version parent-report, translated and cross-culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese. Results: FGIDs were more frequent among children exposed to violence than those not exposed (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.04-2.58; p = 0.03). Likewise, in children who suffered four or more types of exposure (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.10-2.96; p = 0.01), in which the exposure started in the first two years of life (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.08-3.47; p = 0.02) and in those whose biological father was the perpetrator of the violence (OR; 1.62; 95% CI: 1, 05-2.48; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Corroborating the proposal of the biopsychosocial model, CEIPV increases the chance of occurrence of FGIDs in school-age children. Therefore, early identification and proposals for appropriate interventions are suggested both for the prevention of CEIPV and for the prevention and follow-up of FGIDs.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o Modelo de Gestão de Serviço de Enfermagem Hospitalar sob a percepção de enfermeiros de hospitais gerenciados por organização social de saúde, considerando-se o tipo e as dimensões do modelo. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo exploratório, transversal, abordagem quantitativa; população censitária. A avaliação foi realizada em 15 hospitais com base no Index of Professional Nursing Governance, incluindo análise descritiva método k-means e regressão linear múltipla para pontuação do instrumento. A coleta de dados ocorreu on-line, armazenados em REDCap®. Resultados: Dos 1.523 convidados, 680 (44,6%) aceitaram e 518 (34,1%) completaram questionário. Com média geral de 184,3 pontos, 12 hospitais indicaram governança compartilhada; e 3 (20%), tradicional (média de 165,7 pontos). Conclusão: Os gestores apresentaram percepção menor de governança compartilhada que profissionais sem cargo gerencial. Tipo de cargo e tempo de trabalho na instituição influenciaram os resultados. O modelo atual é hibrido, em processo de transição do tradicional para o corporativo.

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the Hospital Nursing Service Management Model from the perspective of nurses from hospitals managed by social health organization, considering the type and dimensions of the model. Methods: This is an exploratory, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach; census population. The evaluation was conducted in 15 hospitals based on the Index of Professional Nursing Governance, including the descriptive analysis of the k-means method and multiple linear regression to score the instrument. Data collection was performed online, stored in REDCap®. Results: Of 1,523 invited, 680 (44.6%) accepted and 518 (34.1%) completed the questionnaire. With a general average of 184.3 points, 12 hospitals indicated shared; and 3 (20%), traditional governance (average of 165.7 points). Conclusion: Managers presented a lower perception of shared governance with professionals without a management function. The type of function and time of activity at the institution influenced the results. The present model is hybrid, in the transition process from the traditional to corporate.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar Modelo de Gestión de Servicio de Enfermería Hospitalaria bajo la percepción de enfermeros de hospitales administrados por organización social de salud, considerándose el tipo y las dimensiones del modelo. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio, transversal, abordaje cuantitativo; censo de población. Evaluación realizada en 15 hospitales con base en el Index of Professional Nursing Governance, incluyendo análisis descriptivo método k-means y regresión linear múltiple para puntuación del instrumento. La recogida de datos pasó online, almacenados en REDCap®. Resultados: De los 1.523 convidados, 680 (44,6%) aceptaron y 518 (34,1%) completaron cuestionario. Con mediana general de 184,3 puntos, 12 hospitales indicaron gobernanza compartida; y 3 (20%), tradicional (mediana de 165,7 puntos). Conclusión: Los gestores presentaron percepción menor de gobernanza compartida que profesionales sin cargo de gerencia. Tipo de cargo y tiempo de trabajo en la institución influenciaron los resultados. El modelo actual es híbrido, en proceso de transición del tradicional para el corporativo.

Resumo A percepção de riscos representa um dos pilares da gestão das águas. Este texto se propõe a refletir sobre os sentidos do risco nas experiências de vida dos pescadores do Baixo São Francisco, em um cenário de crescente degradação ambiental. A abordagem e o método utilizados são de inspiração fenomenológica, cujo objeto são os sentidos atribuídos à experiência vivida. Os pescadores foram entrevistados nos municípios de Piaçabuçu, em Alagoas, e Canindé de São Francisco e Propriá, em Sergipe. Três estruturas essenciais foram reveladas: descrença generalizada; potencialização do sentido dos riscos devido à transposição das águas do rio; associação entre morte do “Velho Chico” e morte cultural das comunidades ribeirinhas, bem como de suas estruturas sociais e econômicas. Nesse cenário, os pescadores se colocam como vigilantes do rio, defensores desse patrimônio ambiental e imaterial.

Abstract Risk perception is one of the pillars of water management. This text proposes to reflect on the meanings of risk in the life experiences of the fishermen of the Lower São Francisco River, in a scenario of increasing environmental degradation. A phenomenological approach and method were used, whose object are the meanings attributed to the lived experience. The fishermen were interviewed in the municipalities of Piaçabuçu, Alagoas, and Canindé de São Francisco and Propriá, in Sergipe. Three essential structures have been revealed: widespread disbelief; maximization of the sense of risks due to the transposition of river waters; the association between the death of the “Velho Chico” and the cultural death of the riverside communities, as well as their social and economic structures. In this scenario, fishermen place themselves as river watchers, as defenders of this environmental and immaterial heritage.

Resumen La percepción de riesgos representa uno de los pilares de la gestión de las aguas. Este texto se propone reflexionar sobre los sentidos del riesgo en las experiencias de vida de los pescadores del Bajo San Francisco, en un escenario de creciente degradación ambiental. El enfoque y el método utilizados son de inspiración fenomenológica, cuyo objeto es el significado atribuido a la experiencia vivida. Los pescadores fueron entrevistados en los municipios de Piaçabuçu, en Alagoas, y Canindé de São Francisco y Propriá, en Sergipe. Tres estructuras esenciales fueron reveladas: incredulidad generalizada; potencialización del sentido de los riesgos debido a la transposición de las aguas del río; la asociación entre muerte del “Viejo Chico” y la muerte cultural de las comunidades ribereñas, así como de sus estructuras sociales y económicas. En ese escenario, los pescadores se colocan como vigilantes del río, defensores de ese patrimonio ambiental e inmaterial.

ABSTRACT The generation of sewage sludge and the concern with their fate has greatly increased. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of using in natura (SS) or composted sewage sludge (SSC) in comparison with mineral fertilizer (MF) application and a control (CT) treatment on the nutritional status of Guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.) seedlings in a typical Red Oxisol in Brazil. The leaf-level nutritional responses of the Guanandi seedlings to these three different fertilizers and the control were evaluated at 90 and 180 days after planting. Nutritional data of leaf variables were compared between the treatments by means of one-way analysis of variance using the F test and a pair-wise comparison of means done by Tukey’s test. The seedlings that received SS or SSC showed deficiencies in Ca, Mg, and Mn, which were confirmed by a visual diagnosis of their leaf symptoms. However, at 180 days after planting there were significant differences (p < 0.05) for K that was greater for MF, SS and SSC than CT, Mg, with SSC larger than SS, and for S that was greater with SS and SSC uses relative to MF. The results highlight the potential for using SS and SSC, after adding KCl and lime, although the Guanandi was highly demanding of Ca, Mg, and Mn. However, they were able to nutritionally supply seedlings, although the short-term cannot be conclusive as regards the exclusive use of them in place of mineral fertilizers.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. METHODS A nested case-control study was carried out within a cohort study with 1,120 pregnant women aged 18–49 years old, who were registered in the Family Health Strategy of the city of Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. The cases were the 233 women who reported intimate partner violence in pregnancy and the controls were the 499 women who did not report it. Partner violence in pregnancy and previous experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were modeled to identify differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. RESULTS Having seen the mother suffer intimate partner violence was associated with physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.62; 95%CI 1.89–3.63) and in adolescence (OR = 1.47; 95%CI 1.01–2.13), sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.28; 95%CI 1.68–6.38) and intimate partner violence during pregnancy (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.01 – 2.12). The intimate partner violence during pregnancy was frequent in women who reported more episodes of physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.08; 95%CI 1.43–3.02) and adolescence (OR = 1.63; 95%CI 1.07–2.47), who suffered sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.92; 95%CI 1.86–8.27), and who perpetrated violence against the partner (OR = 8.67; 95%CI 4.57–16.45). CONCLUSIONS Experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members emerge as strong risk factors for intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Identifying and understanding protective and risk factors for the emergence of intimate partner violence in pregnancy and its maintenance may help policymakers and health service managers to develop intervention strategies.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. METHODS A nested case-control study was carried out within a cohort study with 1,120 pregnant women aged 18–49 years old, who were registered in the Family Health Strategy of the city of Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. The cases were the 233 women who reported intimate partner violence in pregnancy and the controls were the 499 women who did not report it. Partner violence in pregnancy and previous experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were modeled to identify differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. RESULTS Having seen the mother suffer intimate partner violence was associated with physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.62; 95%CI 1.89–3.63) and in adolescence (OR = 1.47; 95%CI 1.01–2.13), sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.28; 95%CI 1.68–6.38) and intimate partner violence during pregnancy (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.01 – 2.12). The intimate partner violence during pregnancy was frequent in women who reported more episodes of physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.08; 95%CI 1.43–3.02) and adolescence (OR = 1.63; 95%CI 1.07–2.47), who suffered sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.92; 95%CI 1.86–8.27), and who perpetrated violence against the partner (OR = 8.67; 95%CI 4.57–16.45). CONCLUSIONS Experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members emerge as strong risk factors for intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Identifying and understanding protective and risk factors for the emergence of intimate partner violence in pregnancy and its maintenance may help policymakers and health service managers to develop intervention strategies.

<p>Different colorimetric reagents, the Nash reagent (acetylacetone/ammonia solution), Purpald (4-amino- 3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole/sodium hydroxide solution) and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH), were evaluated for the determination of formaldehyde in indoor air samples. Analytical parameters such as color stability of the product formed, sampling efficiency and reaction conditions were compared for the methodologies. Several method validation parameters were determined for the three colorimetric methods. The MBTH method showed better results and was used for the determination of formaldehydes in indoor environments.</p>

Estudos ao longo do Globo têm mostrado que a mecanização da poda, dentre outros processos de manejo da videira, é adequada para a obtenção de vinhedos com “stands” bem formados e com qualidade de produção equivalente ou superior àqueles conduzidos sob manejo manual, sobretudo com economia de capital humano e financeiro. Informações sobre o padrão de poda que influencia diretamente a ecofisiologia do dossel, a composição do rendimento e a qualidade de derivados da uva são existentes para condições de manejo tradicional manual, mas incipientes para a uma condição mecanizada, no Brasil. Um experimento foi realizado com Vitis sp. e Vitis vinifera, visando a estudar os impactos da adoção inicial da poda mecanizada, sobre a composição do rendimento, qualidade da uva e perfil sensorial dos vinhos produzidos no experimento. Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação da poda mecanizada em vinhedos tradicionais causou pequenas flutuações na qualidade da uva, em duas safras analisadas.

Studies over the globe have shown that mechanical pruning, among other management processes of the vine, are suitable for obtaining vineyards well trained and stands with grape quality equivalent or superior to those conducted under manual handling, specially, with the economy of man power and financial capital. Information about the pruning techniques that directly influence the canopy ecophysiology, grape composition and quality of grape and its by-products are available for traditional manual handling, but are scarce for a mechanized conditions, in Brazil. An experiment was conducted with Vitissp. and Vitis vinifera aiming to study the impact of initial adoption of mechanical pruning, on the grape composition, quality and sensory profile of wines produced in the experiment. The results showed that the application of mechanical pruning in traditional vineyards caused small fluctuations in the quality of grapes, in two analyzed seasons.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo quantificar as emissões de gás carbônico a partir de um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico sob pastagem degradada localizada na região de Sorocaba. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: lodo de esgoto (LE), composto de lodo de esgoto (CLE), adubo mineral (AM) e ausência de adubação (T0). O experimento foi conduzido em blocos inteiramente casualizados, sendo analisado o efeito dos quatro tratamentos (CLE, LE, AM e T0) com quatro repetições. A aplicação de lodo de esgoto, composto de lodo de esgoto, fertilizante mineral e ausência de adubação apresentaram efeito estatístico quanto às variáveis de incremento em altura e a altura do coleto das mudas de Guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambessèdes - Calophyllaceae). Os tratamentos apresentaram diferença significativa quanto às emissões de CO2 do solo. O CLE foi o tratamento de apresentou os maiores fluxos de CO2, atingindo um pico de 9,33±0,96 g C m- 2 dia- 1 (p<0,0001), assim como o LE, com um fluxo máximo de CO2 de 6,35±1,17 C m- 2 dia- 1 (p<0,005), já o tratamento AM (4,96±1,61 g C m- 2 dia- 1) apresentou o mesmo efeito estatístico que o T0 (5,33±0,49 g C m- 2 dia- 1). Os fluxos de CO2 apresentaram correlação com a temperatura do solo em todos os tratamentos estudados. No entanto, considerando o período de 172 dias de avaliação do experimento, a perda total de C na forma de CO2 foi de 2,7% do total de C adicionado com a aplicação dos resíduos no solo para o lodo de esgoto e de 0,7% do total de C adicionado com a aplicação dos resíduos no solo para o composto de lodo de esgoto.

This study aimed to quantify the carbon dioxide emissions from an Oxisol under degraded pasture located in Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. The treatments were: sewage sludge (LE), sewage sludge compost (CLE), mineral fertilizer (AM) and no fertilization (T0). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with analysis of the effect of the four treatments (CLE, LE, and AM T0) with four replications. The application of sewage sludge, sewage sludge compost, mineral fertilizer and no fertilizer was statistically significant for the variables of height increase and stem height of Guanandi seedlings (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambessèdes - Calophyllaceae). Treatments showed significant differences in terms of CO2 emissions from soil. The CLE exhibited the highest CO2 fluxes, reaching a peak of 9.33±0.96 g C m- 2 day- 1 (p<0.0001), as well as the LE with a maximum CO2 flux of 6.35±1.17 C m- 2 day- 1 (p<0.005). The AM treatment (4.96±1.61 g C m- 2 day- 1) had the same statistical effect as T0 (5.33±0.49 g C m- 2 day- 1). CO2 fluxes were correlated with soil temperature in all treatments. However, considering the period of 172 days of evaluation, the total loss of C as CO2 was 2.7% for sewage sludge and 0.7% for the sewage sludge compost of the total C added with the application on soil.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e analisar o padrão da violência por parceiro íntimo antes e durante a gestação e no pós-parto. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte realizado com 960 mulheres de 18 a 49 anos, cadastradas no Programa Saúde da Família da cidade do Recife, PE, entre 2005 e 2006. As mulheres foram entrevistadas durante a gestação e no puerpério, utilizando-se um questionário adaptado do Estudo Multipaíses sobre a Saúde da Mulher e Violência Doméstica da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para avaliar o padrão de ocorrência da violência por parceiro íntimo, entre um determinado período e o subseqüente, o odds ratio foi calculado com intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de violência por parceiro íntimo antes, durante e/ou depois da gestação foi estimada em 47,4% e, para cada período isolado, em 32,4%, 31,0% e 22,6%, respectivamente. As mulheres que relataram violência antes da gravidez tiveram chance 11,6 vezes maior (IC95%: 8,3;16,2) de relatar violência durante a gravidez. Quando as mulheres relataram violência durante a gravidez, a chance de relatos no pós-parto foi 8,2 vezes maior (IC95%: 5,1;11,7). A violência psicológica foi a de maior prevalência, principalmente durante a gestação (28,8%; IC95%: 26,0%;31,7%); a sexual, a menos prevalente, especialmente no pós-parto (3,7%; IC95%: 2,6%;5,0%); e a física diminuiu quase 50% durante a gestação em comparação com o período anterior. CONCLUSÕES: Parcela significativa das mulheres em idade reprodutiva vivencia situações de violência por parceiro íntimo. Os períodos de consultas de pré-natal e de puericultura são oportunidades para que o profissional de saúde possa identificar situações de violência.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and analyze the pattern of intimate partner violence, before and during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. METHODS: This was a cohort study undertaken on 960 women aged 18 to 49 years, who were registered in the Family Health Program of the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. The women were interviewed during pregnancy and in the postpartum period, using a questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization's Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence. To assess the pattern of intimate partner violence occurrences between a given time period and the subsequent period, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of intimate partner violence before, during and/or after pregnancy was estimated to be 47.4%. For the three periods separately, it was 32.4%, 31.0% and 22.6% respectively. The women who reported violence before pregnancy were 11.6 times more likely to report violence during pregnancy (95%CI: 8.3;16.2). When the women reported violence during pregnancy, the chance of reports in the postpartum period was 8.2 times higher (95%CI: 5.1;11.7). Psychological violence was more prevalent, especially during pregnancy (28.8%; 95%CI: 26.0%;31.7%). Sexual violence was less prevalent, especially after delivery (3.7%; 95%CI: 2.6%;5.0%). Physical violence diminished by almost 50% during pregnancy, in comparison with the preceding period. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of women of reproductive age experience situations of intimate partner violence. The periods of prenatal and childcare consultations are opportunities for healthcare professionals to identify situations of violence.

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia y analizar el patrón de violencia por pareja íntima, antes y durante la gestación y en el postparto. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte realizado con 960 mujeres de 18 a 49 años, catastradas en el Programa Salud de la Familia de la ciudad de Recife, Noreste de Brasil, entre 2005 y 2006. Las mujeres fueron entrevistadas durante la gestación y en el puerperio, utilizándose un cuestionario adaptado del Estudio Multipaíses sobre la Salud de la Mujer y Violencia Domestica de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Para evaluar el patrón de ocurrencia de la violencia por pareja íntima, entre un determinado periodo y el subsecuente, el odds ratio (OR) fue calculado con intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95%). RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de violencia por pareja íntima antes, durante y/o después de la gestación fue estimada en 47,4% y para cada período aislado, en 32,4%, 31,0% y 22,6%, respectivamente. Las mujeres que relataron violencia antes del embarazo tuvieron chance 11,6 veces mayor (IC95%:8,3;6,2) de relatar violencia durante el embarazo. Cuando las mujeres relataron violencia durante el embarazo, el chance de relatos en el postparto fue 8,2 veces mayor (IC95%:5,1;11,7). La violencia psicológica fue la de mayor prevalencia, principalmente durante la gestación (28,8%; IC95%:26,0%;31,7%); la sexual, la menos prevalente, especialmente en el postparto (3,7%; IC95%: 2,6%;5,0%); y la física disminuyó casi 50% durante la gestación en comparación con el período anterior. CONCLUSIONES: Parcela significativa de as mujeres en edad reproductiva experimenta situaciones de violencia por pareja íntima. Los períodos de consultas de prenatal y de puericultura son oportunidades para que el profesional de salud pueda identificar situaciones de violencia.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e analisar o padrão da violência por parceiro íntimo antes e durante a gestação e no pós-parto. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte realizado com 960 mulheres de 18 a 49 anos, cadastradas no Programa Saúde da Família da cidade do Recife, PE, entre 2005 e 2006. As mulheres foram entrevistadas durante a gestação e no puerpério, utilizando-se um questionário adaptado do Estudo Multipaíses sobre a Saúde da Mulher e Violência Doméstica da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para avaliar o padrão de ocorrência da violência por parceiro íntimo, entre um determinado período e o subseqüente, o odds ratio foi calculado com intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de violência por parceiro íntimo antes, durante e/ou depois da gestação foi estimada em 47,4% e, para cada período isolado, em 32,4%, 31,0% e 22,6%, respectivamente. As mulheres que relataram violência antes da gravidez tiveram chance 11,6 vezes maior (IC95%: 8,3;16,2) de relatar violência durante a gravidez. Quando as mulheres relataram violência durante a gravidez, a chance de relatos no pós-parto foi 8,2 vezes maior (IC95%: 5,1;11,7). A violência psicológica foi a de maior prevalência, principalmente durante a gestação (28,8%; IC95%: 26,0%;31,7%); a sexual, a menos prevalente, especialmente no pós-parto (3,7%; IC95%: 2,6%;5,0%); e a física diminuiu quase 50% durante a gestação em comparação com o período anterior. CONCLUSÕES: Parcela significativa das mulheres em idade reprodutiva vivencia situações de violência por parceiro íntimo. Os períodos de consultas de pré-natal e de puericultura são oportunidades para que o profissional de saúde possa identificar situações de violência.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and analyze the pattern of intimate partner violence, before and during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. METHODS: This was a cohort study undertaken on 960 women aged 18 to 49 years, who were registered in the Family Health Program of the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. The women were interviewed during pregnancy and in the postpartum period, using a questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization's Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence. To assess the pattern of intimate partner violence occurrences between a given time period and the subsequent period, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of intimate partner violence before, during and/or after pregnancy was estimated to be 47.4%. For the three periods separately, it was 32.4%, 31.0% and 22.6% respectively. The women who reported violence before pregnancy were 11.6 times more likely to report violence during pregnancy (95%CI: 8.3;16.2). When the women reported violence during pregnancy, the chance of reports in the postpartum period was 8.2 times higher (95%CI: 5.1;11.7). Psychological violence was more prevalent, especially during pregnancy (28.8%; 95%CI: 26.0%;31.7%). Sexual violence was less prevalent, especially after delivery (3.7%; 95%CI: 2.6%;5.0%). Physical violence diminished by almost 50% during pregnancy, in comparison with the preceding period. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of women of reproductive age experience situations of intimate partner violence. The periods of prenatal and childcare consultations are opportunities for healthcare professionals to identify situations of violence.

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia y analizar el patrón de violencia por pareja íntima, antes y durante la gestación y en el postparto. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte realizado con 960 mujeres de 18 a 49 años, catastradas en el Programa Salud de la Familia de la ciudad de Recife, Noreste de Brasil, entre 2005 y 2006. Las mujeres fueron entrevistadas durante la gestación y en el puerperio, utilizándose un cuestionario adaptado del Estudio Multipaíses sobre la Salud de la Mujer y Violencia Domestica de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Para evaluar el patrón de ocurrencia de la violencia por pareja íntima, entre un determinado periodo y el subsecuente, el odds ratio (OR) fue calculado con intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95%). RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de violencia por pareja íntima antes, durante y/o después de la gestación fue estimada en 47,4% y para cada período aislado, en 32,4%, 31,0% y 22,6%, respectivamente. Las mujeres que relataron violencia antes del embarazo tuvieron chance 11,6 veces mayor (IC95%:8,3;6,2) de relatar violencia durante el embarazo. Cuando las mujeres relataron violencia durante el embarazo, el chance de relatos en el postparto fue 8,2 veces mayor (IC95%:5,1;11,7). La violencia psicológica fue la de mayor prevalencia, principalmente durante la gestación (28,8%; IC95%:26,0%;31,7%); la sexual, la menos prevalente, especialmente en el postparto (3,7%; IC95%: 2,6%;5,0%); y la física disminuyó casi 50% durante la gestación en comparación con el período anterior. CONCLUSIONES: Parcela significativa de as mujeres en edad reproductiva experimenta situaciones de violencia por pareja íntima. Los períodos de consultas de prenatal y de puericultura son oportunidades para que el profesional de salud pueda identificar situaciones de violencia.

In this work, a rapid and simple method using capillary electrophoresis (CE) was developed for the determination of the benzoate, sorbate, methyl and propylparaben in foodstuffs. A running buffer consisting of 20 mmol L-1 (pH = 9.3) tetraborate enabled separation of the analytes in less than 5 min. The detector wavelength was set at 220 nm. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of sodas, sweeteners, sauces and juices. The range of preservatives found were from 478.5-466.6 mg kg-1 for methylparaben , 83.7-231.3 mg kg-1 for sorbate and 336.7-428.3 mg kg-1 for benzoate.

Capillary electrophoresis has become a well-established and routine-based separation technique. It is based on the differences between charged analyte mobility in aqueous or organic electrolytes. Its major limitation is the sensitivity due to small sample injection volumes and the narrow diameter of the capillaries, especially when UV detection is used. There are a number of ways to increase the concentration sensitivity. This report shows some on-line preconcentration strategies to perform it in free solution capillary electrophoresis that are based on manipulation of the analyte electrophoretic velocity during the sample introduction (stacking, field amplification and transient isotachophoresis).