ABSTRACT Purpose: to develop and evaluate an instructional material addressing steps and strategies in speech-language therapy for the treatment of speech disorders related to velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). Methods: a research taking place in three phases: 1) Planning and development of the material; 2) Evaluation of the material by speech-language therapists; and 3) Application of the material to undergraduate students of Speech-Language Therapy followed by an assessment of their understanding of the topic before and after viewing the material. Inferential statistics were presented by applying the Wilcoxon test to compare responses before and after exposure to the material, considering the level of significance less than or equal to p<0.05. Results: the content of the modules included: Velopharyngeal function during speech and VPD; Velopharyngeal sufficiency; Training of “modified breath and plosion” in speech; Training with sounds; and Tips for conducting speech-language therapy. In the second phase, five speech-language therapists evaluated the material from satisfactory to excellent, making suggestions that helped to improve it. As to the third phase, the average percentage of correct answers presented a significant increase of 23% after the students viewed the material (p=<0.001). Conclusion: the instructional material had its content and format evaluated from satisfactory to excellent by professionals; viewing by undergraduate students of Speech-Language Therapy increased their knowledge on the subject. Purpose speechlanguage language VPD. VPD . (VPD) Methods phases 1 2 3 SpeechLanguage Speech Language p005 p 0 05 p<0.05 Results included sufficiency modified plosion sounds phase it 23 p=<0.001. p0001 p=<0.001 001 (p=<0.001) Conclusion professionals subject (VPD p00 p<0.0 p000 p=<0.00 00 (p=<0.001 p0 p<0. p=<0.0 (p=<0.00 p<0 p=<0. (p=<0.0 p< p=<0 (p=<0. p=< (p=<0 p= (p=< (p= (p

ABSTRACT Rice (Oryza sativa) is among the most important crops worldwide; however, rice crops demand high water consumption. Future projections indicate reduced water availability and severe drought events, which may affect rice crops as the cereal is highly sensitive to drought stress. Thus, cultivars with lower water demand for irrigation or drought escape capacities are among the strategies to address this issue. This study aimed to assess five mutant rice genotypes in terms of growth cycle length, other agronomic interest traits, and drought response in the reproductive stage. The mutant genotypes evaluated showed a shortening of the growth cycle compared to the original cultivar, BRS Pampeira, representing a drought escape strategy. In addition, mutations did not negatively affect plant height and crop yield. However, similar to the original cultivar, mutants are not tolerant to water deficit in the reproductive stage. The genotypes evaluated have potential to be released as early cycle cultivars, which can reduce water demand during the harvest season while presenting a drought escape strategy. Oryza sativa worldwide however consumption events stress Thus issue length traits stage cultivar Pampeira strategy addition yield However

Abstract This study aimed to select recombinant lines and explore phenotypic and genotypic correlations using BLUP. It was conducted in Capão do Leão/RS during two years, in an incomplete block design with intercalary controls, with four replications. 131 and 128 RILs were tested in the F6 in the F7 generations, respectively. Plant height; days to flowering; panicle length; number of panicles per plant; number of fertile and sterile spikelets per panicle; one hundred grains weight; yield per plant; broken, chalky, white-belly and red-streaked grains; vitreous whiteness; gelatinization temperature; and apparent amylose content were obtained. According to the study, line F105 is an elite line for improving grain quality, exhibiting high amylose content (27.041%). Canonical (r=0.817), phenotypic (0.541) and genotypic (0.808) correlations inferred that groups of grain quality and agronomic traits were not independent and there was a tendency for the amylose content to be associated with grain yield. BLUP LeãoRS Leão RS years controls replications 13 12 F generations respectively height flowering length plant weight broken chalky whitebelly white belly redstreaked red streaked whiteness temperature obtained F10 27.041%. 27041 27.041% . 27 041 (27.041%) r=0.817, r0817 r r=0.817 , 0 817 (r=0.817) 0.541 0541 541 (0.541 0.808 0808 808 (0.808 1 F1 2704 27.041 2 04 (27.041% r081 r=0.81 81 (r=0.817 0.54 054 54 (0.54 0.80 080 80 (0.80 270 27.04 (27.041 r08 r=0.8 8 (r=0.81 0.5 05 5 (0.5 0.8 08 (0.8 27.0 (27.04 r0 r=0. (r=0.8 0. (0. 27. (27.0 r=0 (r=0. (0 (27. r= (r=0 ( (27 (r= (2 (r

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar conhecimento de graduandos de Odontologia e Fonoaudiologia sobre tratamento protético na disfunção velofaríngea referente a casos de fissura labiopalatina antes e após uso de material multimídia educacional. Método: Aplicação de um questionário sobre tratamento protético da disfunção velofaríngea em casos de fissura labiopalatina a um grupo de estudantes de graduação de Odontologia e Fonoaudiologia, antes e após acesso a material multimídia educacional/vídeo desenvolvido sobre o tema abordado neste estudo. Estatística inferencial foi usada para investigar significância das diferenças nas respostas corretas entre as situações antes e após acesso ao material multimídia/vídeo apresentado a graduandos de Odontologia e Fonoaudiologia. Resultados: Participaram 58 discentes, 38 do curso de Odontologia e 20 de Fonoaudiologia. Antes do acesso ao material multimídia/vídeo, graduandos de Fonoaudiologia apresentaram mais acertos (Odontologia 4,89±1,31 / Fonoaudiologia 6,30±0,57). Após acesso a esse material, a diferença de acertos entre alunos dos referidos cursos diminuiu (Odontologia 6,00±0,66 / Fonoaudiologia 6,45±0,51), sendo que, neste momento, graduandos de Odontologia mostraram aumento no conhecimento sobre a temática desta pesquisa. Ao comparar a amostra total, antes e após aplicação do material multimídia/vídeo, verificou-se aumento dos acertos. Conclusão: Certificou-se maior conhecimento prévio no curso de Fonoaudiologia acerca do tema referente à prótese de palato em quadros de disfunção velofaríngea em casos de fissura labiopalatina. Todavia, o uso de material multimídia, possivelmente, viabilizou ampliação de conhecimentos relacionados a tal tema tanto aos discentes do Curso de Odontologia como de Fonoaudiologia. Objetivo educacional Método educacionalvídeo vídeo estudo multimídiavídeo Resultados 5 3 2 489131 4 89 1 31 4,89±1,3 6,30±0,57. 630057 6,30±0,57 . 6 30 0 57 6,30±0,57) 600066 00 66 6,00±0,6 6,45±0,51, 645051 6,45±0,51 , 45 51 6,45±0,51) que momento pesquisa total verificouse verificou se Conclusão Certificouse Certificou Todavia possivelmente 48913 8 4,89±1, 63005 6,30±0,5 60006 6,00±0, 64505 6,45±0,5 4891 4,89±1 6300 6,30±0, 6000 6,00±0 6450 6,45±0, 489 4,89± 630 6,30±0 600 6,00± 645 6,45±0 48 4,89 63 6,30± 60 6,00 64 6,45± 4,8 6,30 6,0 6,45 4, 6,3 6, 6,4

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the knowledge of Dental and Speech-Language Pathology undergraduate students about prosthesis treatment of velopharyngeal dysfunction in cases of cleft lip and palate before and after using educational multimedia material. Methods: The sample comprised 58 students (38 from the Dental program, and 20 from the Speech-Language Pathology program). A questionnaire on prosthesis treatment of velopharyngeal dysfunction in cases of cleft lip and palate was administered to a group of Dental and Speech-Language Pathology undergraduate students before and after they had access to educational multimedia (video) material on the topic approached in this study. Inferential statistics were used to investigate the significance of differences in correct answers before and after the Dental and Speech-Language Pathology undergraduate students had access to the multimedia/video material. Results: Before having access to the multimedia/video material, Speech-Language Pathology students had more correct answers (Dental: 4.89±1.31; SLP: 6.30±0.57). After having access to the material, the difference in correct answers between the students of both programs decreased (Dental: 6.00±0.66; SLP: 6.45±0.51), as Dental students’ knowledge of the research topic increased. The comparison of the total sample before and after applying the multimedia/video material also demonstrated an increase in correct answers. Conclusion: Speech-Language Pathology students proved to have greater previous knowledge of palatal prostheses used for velopharyngeal dysfunction in cases of cleft lip and palate. Moreover, using the multimedia material possibly increased both Dental and Speech-Language Pathology students’ knowledge of this topic. Objective SpeechLanguage Speech Language Methods 5 38 (3 program 2 program. . program) video (video study multimediavideo Results (Dental 4.89±1.31 489131 4 89 1 31 SLP 6.30±0.57. 630057 6.30±0.57 6 30 0 57 6.30±0.57) 6.00±0.66 600066 00 66 6.45±0.51, 645051 6.45±0.51 , 45 51 6.45±0.51) Conclusion Moreover 3 ( 4.89±1.3 48913 8 63005 6.30±0.5 6.00±0.6 60006 64505 6.45±0.5 4.89±1. 4891 6300 6.30±0. 6.00±0. 6000 6450 6.45±0. 4.89±1 489 630 6.30±0 6.00±0 600 645 6.45±0 4.89± 48 63 6.30± 6.00± 60 64 6.45± 4.89 6.30 6.00 6.45 4.8 6.3 6.0 6.4 4. 6.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear regiões cromossômicas responsáveis pelo acúmulo de ferro em grãos de arroz, na região Sul do Brasil. Oitenta e um acessos de arroz foram genotipados e fenotipados quanto ao acúmulo de Fe. Polimorfismos de nucleotídeos únicos foram mapeados no grão integral, nos cromossomos 1, 5, 6 e 10, dos quais 13 genes candidatos foram identificados. Alguns dos genes, como o Os10g0406800, parecem ter relação com a homeostase do Fe, enquanto outros têm relação com outros processos metabólicos ou função desconhecida. Brasil Fe integral 1 5 10 identificados Os10g0406800 Osg Os g desconhecida Os10g040680 Os10g04068 Os10g0406 Os10g040 Os10g04 Os10g0 Os10g

Abstract The objective of this work was to map the chromosomal regions responsible for iron accumulation in rice grains, in Southern Brazil. Eighty-one rice accessions were genotyped and phenotyped for Fe accumulation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were mapped in the whole grain on chromosomes 1, 5, 6, and 10, from which 13 candidate genes were identified. Some of the genes, such as O s10g040680 0, seem to have a relationship with Fe homeostasis, while others are related to other metabolic processes or have an unknown function. grains Brazil Eightyone Eighty one 1 5 6 10 identified sg s g s10g04068 0 homeostasis function s10g0406 s10g040 s10g04 s10g0 s10g

Abstract Effective strategies for disease control are crucial for sustaining world food production and ensuring food security for the population. Wheat blast, a disease caused by the pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum, has been a concern for cereal producers and researchers due to its aggressiveness and rapid expansion. To solve this problem, the development of resistant varieties with durable resistance is an effective, economical and sustainable way to control the disease. Conventional breeding can be aided by several molecular tools to facilitate the mining of many sources of resistance, such as R genes and QTLs. The identification of new sources of resistance, whether in the wheat crop or in other cereals are an opportunity for efficient wheat breeding through the application of different techniques. Since this disease is still poorly studied in wheat, knowledge of the rice Magnaporthe pathotype may be adapted to control wheat blast. Thus, genetic mapping, molecular markers, transgenic approaches, and genomic editing are valuable technologies to fight wheat blast. This review aimed to compile the biotechnological alternatives available to accelerate the development of improved cultivars for resistance to wheat blast. population blast Triticum expansion problem effective QTLs techniques Thus mapping markers approaches

ABSTRACT A total of 1.67 million breast cancer cases per year are reported worldwide. Of these, 5%–10% are caused by inherited mutations. Phenocopy is a rare phenomenon, with only a few cases reported in the literature. In phenocopies, phenotypes identical to those with genetic origin occur because of environmental factors rather than familial mutations. We describe a case of phenocopy in a 44-year-old female patient with triple-negative breast cancer. The mother and sister wee heterozygous for c.1813delA, p.Ile605TyrfsTer9 in BRCA2 . The patient underwent genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 and exome sequencing. Familial or other cancer variants were not detected. The most accepted phenocopy theory is that patients without genetic variants but who are carriers of these mutations undergo cellular changes due to environmental factors, increasing the risk of breast cancer. Therefore, the detection of phenocopy in patients with breast cancer is important in clinical practice. 167 1 67 1.6 worldwide 510 5 10 5%–10 phenomenon literature phenocopies 44yearold yearold 44 old triplenegative triple negative c1813delA cdelA c 1813delA delA c.1813delA pIle605TyrfsTer9 pIleTyrfsTer p Ile605TyrfsTer9 Ile TyrfsTer p.Ile605TyrfsTer BRCA sequencing detected Therefore practice 16 6 1. 51 5%–1 4 pIle pIle605TyrfsTer IleTyrfsTer Ile605TyrfsTer 5%– 5%

RESUMO Objetivo avaliar a prevalência de maloclusões e seus fatores associados em crianças atendidas em um Serviço de APS de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Método estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte, realizado em 12 Unidades de Saúde. Das 414 crianças da coorte examinadas, 268 foram examinadas para maloclusão. A presença de mordida aberta anterior, mordida cruzada posterior e anterior foi avaliada pelos critérios de Foster e Hamilton. Variáveis socioeconômicas, hábitos de amamentação e informações sobre o uso de chupeta foram coletados por meio de questionário padronizado. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de uma abordagem hierárquica por Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados do total de 268 avaliados, 135 (50,4%) eram meninos e a média de idade foi de 28,6 (± 11,9) meses. Dos 143 (53,4%) casos de maloclusão, 113 eram mordida aberta anterior, 16 eram mordida cruzada anterior, 27 eram mordida cruzada posterior e 38 tinham overjet acentuado. Na análise final, observou-se que houve maior prevalência de maloclusões em crianças que nunca foram amamentadas (RP = 1,44; IC95% 1,00-2,08) e que sempre usaram chupeta para dormir (RP = 1,81; IC95% 1,14 -2,86). Conclusão a prevalência de maloclusões nesta população foi elevada e esteve associada a hábitos comportamentais, como o uso de chupeta e a não amamentação.

ABSTRACT Purpose to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and its associated factors of children cared for by a PHC Service in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort, carried out in 12 Health Care Practices. Of the 414 children in the cohort examined, 268 were assessed for malocclusion. The presence of anterior open bite, posterior and anterior crossbite was evaluated by the criteria of Foster and Hamilton. Socioeconomic variables, breastfeeding habits and pacifier use information were collected through a standardized questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a hierarchical approach by Poisson Regression with robust variance. Results out of the total 268 evaluated, 135 (50.4%) were boys, and the average age was 28.6 (± 11.9) months. Out of the 143 (53.4%) cases of malocclusion, 113 were anterior open bite, 16 were anterior crossbite, 27 were posterior crossbite, and 38 had increased overjet. In the final analysis, it was observed that there was a higher prevalence of malocclusion in children who never breastfed (PR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.00-2.08) and who always used a pacifier to sleep (PR = 1.81; 95%CI 1.14-2.86). Conclusion the prevalence of malocclusion in this population was high and was associated with behavioral habits, such as the use of pacifier and not breastfeeding.

ABSTRACT The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is a species of great importance in history and economic, with large phenotypic variability, represented through a wide range of cultivars spread throughout the world. There are several studies on the characterization of a large number of cultivars of the species. However, there is a need to uncover how these phenotypic traits are heritable, and how they can change when environmental conditions vary. For this reason, the objective here was to estimate the heritability coefficients for fruit characters in six commercial cultivars, analyzed under conditions in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The study was carried out in a single year, based on the analysis of fruit and oil traits on the cultivars Arbequina, Arbosana, Frantoio, Koroneiki, Manzanilla de Sevilla, and Picual, under environmental conditions in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Phenotypic plasticity and broad-sense heritability were estimated in both inter and intra-cultivar comparisons. From the analyses of variance and heritability, it was observed that some cultivars such as Koroneiki or Picual had their characters mainly under genetic control, while Arbequina was more influenced by genotype-environment interaction. The information derived from this work can help guide the selection of cultivars that are best adapted under the local environments of the southern region of Brazil.

Abstract: Rice blast, caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae L., is considered one of the main threats to world rice production. The development of resistant cultivars is one of the best and sustainable control alternatives. Plant breeding efforts have been accelerated by genetic mapping (linkage and associative) and marker assisted selection. On the other hand, genomic editing techniques, such as meganucleases (MNs), Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindrome Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), can be used to promote specific genetic modifications. Likewise, transgenics can also be used to manipulate specific genes. In this sense, this work aims to characterize rice blast and elucidate available biotechnological alternatives to accelerate the development of improved rice cultivars resistant to rice blast.

Abstract There is a worldwide concern about a possible narrowing of the genetic base of most crops, as e.g. that of rice (Oryza sativa L.), as a result of the modern breeding practices. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate this phenomenon in the germplasm of elite paddy rice in southern Brazil, including frequently used accessions in crosses. The panel consisted of 91 accessions. Data of morphological traits, SNP markers and mineral content of husked and polished grain were analyzed by hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis. The SNP markers and hierarchical clustering proved most appropriate to assess the genetic variability. A narrowing of the genetic base of rice was confirmed, although a certain level of genetic variability was still found in the germplasm of elite paddy rice in south Brazilian rice, particularly for grain mineral content.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o uso de métodos biométricos uni e multivariados na avaliação da adaptabilidade e da estabilidade de um importante grupo de cultivares de aveia-branca (Avena sativa), cultivadas no Sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 12 ambientes x 7 cultivares, com três repetições. A análise de variância e os métodos de Eberhart & Russel, de Annicchiarico e da média harmônica do desempenho relativo dos valores genéticos preditos (MHPRVG) foram avaliados. Na comparação geral dos métodos, os genótipos 'UPFA Gaudéria' e 'URS Guapa' foram os mais estáveis em relação à produtividade de grãos. Os genótipos 'UPFA Gaudéria' e 'URS-21' destacaram-se em peso do hectolitro, tendo apresentado as melhores respostas pelo método de Annicchiarico e da MHPRVG. Para a massa de mil grãos, todos os métodos apresentaram resultados semelhantes, o que indica que o genótipo 'UPFA Gaudéria' apresentou os melhores resultados. O genótipo 'URS Guapa' foi superior quando foram utilizados os métodos de Eberhart & Russel, de Annicchiarico e da MHPRVG. Os métodos uni e multivariados avaliados são adequados para estimar com confiança a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade das cultivares para cada objetivo de produção, rendimento e qualidade de grãos.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare uni- and multivariate biometric methods to evaluate the adaptability and stability of an important group of white oat (Avena sativa) cultivars grown in Southern Brazil. The used experimental design was a randomized complete block, in a factorial arrangement of 12 environments x 7 cultivars, with three replicates. The analysis of variance and the methods of Eberhart & Russel, Annicchiarico, and the harmonic mean of the relative performance of predicted genetic values (MHPRVG) were assessed. In the general comparison of the methods, the 'UPFA Gaudéria' and 'URS Guapa' genotypes were more stable regarding grain yield. The 'UPFA Gaudéria' and 'URS-21' genotypes stood out for hectoliter weight, presenting the best performances by the methods of Annicchiarico and the MHPRVG. For thousand-grain weight, all methods showed similar results, indicating that the 'UPFA Gaudéria' genotype presented the best results. The 'URS Guapa' genotype was superior when using the methods of Eberhart & Russel, Annicchiarico, and the MHPRVG. The uni- and multivariate methods evaluated are suitable to estimate with high confidence the adaptability and stability of cultivars for each targeted grain production, yield, and quality.

Abstract Purpose To compare, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the inflammatory cells, vascular density and IL-6 immunolabeled cells present in the pulp after pulpotomy with white MTA versus 15.5% ferric sulfate (FS). Methodology Forty-eight mandibular first molars from 24 Wistar rats were divided into MTA or FS groups and subdivided according to the period after pulpotomy procedure (24, 48 and 72 hours). Four teeth (sound and untreated) were used as controls. Histological sections were obtained and assessed through the descriptive analysis of morphological aspects of pulp tissue and the quantification of inflammatory cells, vascular density and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). Results The number of inflammatory cells was similar in both groups, being predominantly localized at the cervical radicular third. In the MTA group, increased inflammation was observed at 48 hours. Vascular density was similar in both groups and over time, being predominant in the medium radicular third. No correlation was found between the number of inflammatory cells and the vascular density. Pulp tissue was more organized in MTA-treated teeth. In both groups, a weak to moderate IL-6 expression was detected in odontoblasts and inflammatory cells. Comparing both groups, there was a greater IL-6 expression in the cervical radicular third of teeth treated with MTA at 24 hours and in the medium and apical thirds at 72 hours, while in the FS group a greater IL-6 expression was found in the apical third at 24 hours. Conclusion The MTA group presented better histological features and greater IL-6 expression than the FS group. However, no difference was observed between the groups regarding the inflammatory status and vascularization, suggesting the usefulness of FS as a low-cost alternative to MTA.

Resumo Espécie de Hystrichis são nematoides parasitos do trato digestório de aves aquáticas, na América do Sul, Europa e Ásia. No Brasil, foi registrado Hystrichis acanthocephalicus, em Phimosus infuscatus. Existem poucos dados sobre a morfometria e não há registros relativos à patologia desta espécie. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi relatar dados morfométricos de H. acanthocephalicus e descrever os efeitos patológicos deste parasito no proventrículo de Phimosus infuscatus. Foram examinados trinta tratos gastrintestinais de P. infuscatus para a pesquisa de nematoides e H. acanthocephalicus ocorreu em 83% dos hospedeiros. Mediu-se o comprimento total e largura do corpo de machos e fêmeas, dos espinhos cuticulares, do esôfago, dos espículos, dos ovos, respectivamente, e a largura interna e externa da bolsa copuladora. Nos exames histopatológicos foram encontradas estruturas parasitárias no proventrículo, desde o lúmen (porção anterior) até as camadas mais externas do órgão (porções intermediária e posterior), nas quais se observou reação inflamatória com infiltrado de heterófilos, presença de hemorragia e deposição de hemossiderina. Os resultados desse estudo sobre histopatologia, morfometria e índices parasitológicos são os primeiros relatados para H. acanthocephalicus e deverão contribuir para a identificação e reconhecimento em casos de surtos na região Neotropical.

Abstract Species of Hystrichis are parasite nematodes of the digestive tract of aquatic birds in South America, Europe and Asia. In Brazil, Hystrichis acanthocephalicus has been reported in Phimosus infuscatus. There are few data on the morphometry of this species and there are no reports on pathological conditions that it causes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to report morphometric data from H. acanthocephalicus and describe the pathological effects of this parasite on the Phimosus infuscatus proventriculus. Thirty gastrointestinal tracts of P. infuscatus were examined to search for nematodes and H. acanthocephalicus occurred in 83% of hosts. Were measured the total length and body width of males and females, and of their respective cuticular spines, esophagus, spicules and eggs, and the internal and external diameter of copulatory bursa. Histopathological examination revealed parasitic structures in the proventriculus from the lumen (anterior end) to the outer layers of the organ (intermediate and posterior parts), in which we observed inflammatory reaction with infiltration of heterophils, hemorrhage and hemosiderin. The results of this study of histopathology, morphometry and parasitological indices are the first ones reported to H. acanthocephalicus and should contribute to the identification and recognition in cases of outbreaks in the Neotropical region.

Abstract Iron is a well-known metal. Used by humankind since ancient times in many different ways, this element is present in all living organisms, where, unfortunately, it represents a two-way problem. Being an essential block in the composition of different proteins and metabolic pathways, iron is a vital component for animals and plants. That is why iron deficiency has a severe impact on the lives of different organisms, including humans, becoming a major concern, especially in developing countries where access to adequate nutrition is still difficult. On the other hand, this metal is also capable of causing damage when present in excess, becoming toxic to cells and affecting the whole organism. Because of its importance, iron absorption, transport and storage mechanisms have been extensively investigated in order to design alternatives that may solve this problem. As the understanding of the strategies that plants use to control iron homeostasis is an important step in the generation of improved plants that meet both human agricultural and nutritional needs, here we discuss some of the most important points about this topic.