Bredemeyera Willd. is a genus of the Polygalaceae family, occurring in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate the phytochemical and antifungal potential, in vitro and in silico, of Bredemeyera brevifolia extracts. The identification of fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their quantification by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector showed that palmitic (36.55 mg g−1), margaric (3.66 mg g−1), linolelaidic (108.82 mg g−1), oleic (7.86 mg g−1), stearic (41.11 mg g−1), dihomo-γ-linolenic (85.48 mg g−1), and arachidic (209.00 mg g−1) acids are present in the hexane extract. From the chloroform extract, 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone was isolated and identified. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay with methanolic extract demonstrated antifungal activity against species of the genus Candida, Sporothrix, and Trichophyton for up to 96 h, with values ranging from 64-1024 μg mL−1. The in silico study with the chemical compounds of this species showed fungal inhibition potential of sterol-14-α-demethylase, highlighting 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone, which presented an affinity energy of -8.8 kcal mol−1, greater than that observed for fluconazole (−8.3 kcal mol−1). The fatty acids interacted with the active site of the enzyme but presented energies ≥ −7.4 kcal mol−1. Compounds isolated from this species have pharmacokinetic potential for the development of pharmaceutical formulations. Willd family Brazil extracts chromatographymass chromatography mass chromatographyflame flame 36.55 3655 36 55 (36.5 g−1, g1 g g−1 , 1 3.66 366 3 66 (3.6 108.82 10882 108 82 (108.8 7.86 786 7 86 (7.8 41.11 4111 41 11 (41.1 dihomoγlinolenic dihomo γ linolenic 85.48 8548 85 48 (85.4 209.00 20900 209 00 (209.0 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone 1hydroxy37dimethoxyxanthone hydroxydimethoxyxanthone hydroxy 3,7 dimethoxyxanthone identified Candida Sporothrix 9 h 641024 64 1024 64-102 mL1 mL mL−1 sterol14αdemethylase, sterol14αdemethylase sterolαdemethylase sterol 14 α demethylase, demethylase sterol-14-α-demethylase 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone, dimethoxyxanthone, 8.8 88 8 -8. mol1 mol mol−1 −8.3 83 (−8. . mol−1) 74 4 −7. formulations 36.5 365 5 (36. g− 3.6 6 (3. 108.8 1088 10 (108. 7.8 78 (7. 41.1 411 (41. 85.4 854 (85. 209.0 2090 20 0 (209. 1hydroxy3 7dimethoxyxanthone 37 3, 64102 102 64-10 mL− αdemethylase 8. -8 mol− −8. (−8 −7 36. (36 3. (3 108. (108 7. (7 41. (41 85. (85 209. 2 (209 1hydroxy 6410 64-1 - −8 (− − ( (10 (4 (8 (20 641 64- (1 (2

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fabry disease (FD) is an inborn error of metabolism characterized by α-galactosidase A deficiency. The primary objective was to evaluate the genetic and phenotypic profile of Fabry disease in hemodialysis. Methods: Observational cohort study to determine the incidence of genetic variations and phenotypic changes for FD in hemodialysis patients in the Paraiba Valley and Eastern São Paulo. Genetic testing for the GLA gene was performed for men and women over 12 years of age at the hemodialysis clinics between January 2016 and December 2019 as a screening protocol. Results: The cases came from screening exams of the index case among patients with chronic kidney disease, resulting in 17 families and totaling 82 patients under study. The classification of the most prevalent variant was that of uncertain significance (54%), followed by the pathogenic variant (46%). Five patients in two families were described with two types of variants not previously described in the literature, with pathogenic behavior. Comparing the types of variants, the presence of a pathogenic variant was associated with higher levels of lysoGB3, lower values for alpha-GAL activity and higher frequency of symptoms related to FD. Conclusion: We characterized an extensive population of patients with FD variants with rich genetic, clinical and biomarker details. We believe that this study can help to better characterize the Brazilian population with FD and the most frequent types of variants. Introduction (FD αgalactosidase α galactosidase deficiency Methods Paulo 1 201 protocol Results 8 54%, 54 54% , (54%) 46%. 46 46% . (46%) literature behavior lysoGB3 lysoGB alphaGAL alpha GAL Conclusion details 20 5 (54% 4 (46% 2 (54 (46 (5 (4 (

RESUMO Introdução: A doença de Fabry (DF) é um erro inato do metabolismo caracterizado pela deficiência da enzima α-galactosidase A. O objetivo primário foi avaliar o perfil genético e fenotípico da doença de Fabry em hemodiálise. Métodos: Estudo de coorte observacional para determinar a incidência de variações genéticas e alterações fenotípicas para DF em pacientes em hemodiálise no Vale do Paraíba e Zona Leste de São Paulo. O teste genético para o gene GLA foi realizado para homens e mulheres em todos os pacientes das clínicas de hemodiálise maiores de 12 anos entre janeiro de 2016 a dezembro de 2019 como protocolo de rastreio. Resultados: Os casos foram provenientes de exames de triagem do caso índice entre pacientes portadores de doença renal crônica, resultando em 17 famílias e totalizando 82 pacientes em estudo. A classificação da variante mais prevalente foi a de significado incerto (54%), seguida da variante patogênica (46%). Foram descritos 5 pacientes em duas famílias com dois tipos de variantes ainda não previamente descritos na literatura com comportamento patogênico. Na comparação entre os tipos de variantes, a presença de variante patogênica foi associada a maiores níveis de lysoGB3, menores valores da atividade da alfa-GAL e maior frequência de sintomas relativos à DF. Conclusão: Caracterizamos uma extensa população de pacientes com variantes para DF com riqueza de detalhes de genética, clínica e de biomarcadores. Acreditamos que este estudo possa auxiliar na melhor caracterização da população brasileira com DF e nos tipos mais frequentes de variantes. Introdução (DF αgalactosidase α galactosidase Métodos Paulo 1 201 rastreio Resultados crônica 8 54%, 54 54% , (54%) 46%. 46 46% . (46%) patogênico lysoGB3 lysoGB alfaGAL alfa GAL Conclusão genética biomarcadores 20 (54% 4 (46% 2 (54 (46 (5 (4 (

Penicillium meliponae, a recently described and rare species, was isolated as an endophytic fungus from the Amazonian plant Duguetia sthelechantha, and has been proven to be a pigment producer. Considering the high productivity of this species and the lack of data on its chemical composition, the present study aimed to characterize the chemical profile of P. meliponae and evaluate the influence of agitation and the use of different culture media. For this purpose, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and molecular networking were used, allowing the identification of 17 azaphilone molecules with sclerotiorin-like skeletons, becoming the first chemical report of this species. In addition, the different production patterns in the tested culture media were indicative that this species is sensitive to changes in the composition of the carbon source and to the presence of agitation. Furthermore, this work contributes to the fragmentation mechanisms of the different possible structural arrangements for azaphilones of the sclerotiorin type and serves as a repository of information on the gas-phase behavior of this type of metabolite in mass spectrometry experiments and will assist future studies aimed at the discovery of azaphilones. sthelechantha producer P purpose LCMS/MS LCMSMS LC MS/MS MS (LC-MS/MS used 1 sclerotiorinlike like skeletons addition Furthermore gasphase gas phase LCMS MSMS

Resumen Introducción: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue describir la distribución de diagnósticos en una serie de 273 pacientes mayores de 65 años que consultaron por masas cervicales e identificar características semiológicas asociadas a malignidad. Métodos: Las masas cervicales fueron categorizadas como lesiones congénitas (n = 7, 3%, 95% CI: 1%- 5%), masas de origen inflamatorio (n = 67, 25%, 95% CI: 19%-30%), neoplasias benignas (n = 77, 28%, 95% CI: 23%- 34%) y neoplasias malignas (n = 87, 32%, 95% CI: 26%-38%). Resultados: Un grupo de pacientes discontinuó el tratamiento y en consecuencia no fue posible alcanzar un diagnóstico defini tivo (n = 35, 12%). La edad (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.12), el sexo masculino (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.11-4.96), los antecedentes de cáncer (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.02-6.92), la fijación de la masa a los planos profundos o a piel (OR 4.87, 95% CI 2.20-10.76) y la afectación de más de un nivel ganglionar del cuello (OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.64-10.51) fueron identificados como características semiológicas asociadas a malignidad. Conclusión: En presencia de una masa cervical en un paciente adulto mayor debe existir una fuerte sospecha de origen neoplásico.

Abstract Introduction: The purposes of our study were to describe the distribution of diagnoses in a series of 273 patients over 65 years of age who presented for neck masses and to identify semiological fea tures associated with malignancy. Methods: Neck masses were categorized as congenital lesions (n = 7, 3%, 95% CI: 1%- 5%), inflammatory masses (n = 67, 25%, 95% CI: 19%- 30%), benign neoplasms (n = 77, 28%, 95% CI: 23%- 34%), and malignant neoplasms (n = 87, 32%, 95% CI: 26%- 38%). Results: A group of patients had discontinued care and, consequently, a definitive diagnosis could not be reached (n = 35, 12%). Age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.12), male sex (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.11-4.96), prior history of cancer (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.02-6.92), mass fixation to skin or deep tissues (OR 4.87, 95% CI 2.20-10.76), and the involvement of multiple cervical lymph node levels (OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.64-10.51) were identified as semiological features associated with malignancy. Conclusion: In the case of a neck mass in an elderly patient, its neoplastic origin should be strongly suspected.

Abstract Periodontitis Stage III-IV, Grade C (PerioC) is a severe form of Periodontitis. The individual genetic background has been shown to be an important etiopathogenic factor for the development of this disease in young, systemically healthy, and non-smokers patients. Recently, after exome sequencing of families with a history of the disease, PerioC was associated with three single nucleotide variations (SNVs) – rs142548867 (EEFSEC), rs574301770 (ZNF136), and rs72821893 (KRT25) – which were classified as deleterious or possibly harmful by prediction algorithms. Objective Seeking to validate these findings in a cohort evaluation, this study aims to characterize the allele and genotypic frequency of the SNVs rs142548867, rs574301770, and rs72821893 in the Brazilian population with PerioC and who were periodontally healthy (PH). Methodology Thus, epithelial oral cells from 200 PerioC and 196 PH patients were harvested at three distinct centers at the Brazilian Southern region, their DNA were extracted, and the SNVs rs142548867, rs574301770, rs72821893 were genotyped using 5′-nuclease allelic discrimination assay. Differences in allele and genotype frequencies were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Test. Only the SNV rs142548867 (C > T) was associated with PerioC. Results The CT genotype was detected more frequently in patients with PerioC when compared with PH subjects (6% and 0.5% respectively), being significantly associated with PerioC (odds ratio 11.76, p=0.02). Conclusion rs142548867 represents a potential risk for the occurrence of this disease in the Brazilian population. IIIIV, IIIIV III IV, IV III-IV (PerioC young nonsmokers non smokers Recently (SNVs rs rs14254886 EEFSEC, EEFSEC , (EEFSEC) rs57430177 ZNF136, ZNF136 ZNF (ZNF136) rs7282189 KRT25 KRT (KRT25 algorithms evaluation PH. . (PH) Thus 20 19 region extracted 5′nuclease 5nuclease nuclease 5′ 5 assay Fishers Fisher s Test T 6% 6 (6 05 0 0.5 respectively, respectively respectively) odds 1176 11 76 11.76 p=0.02. p002 p p=0.02 02 p=0.02) rs1425488 (EEFSEC rs5743017 ZNF13 (ZNF136 rs728218 KRT2 (KRT2 (PH 2 1 ( 0. 117 7 11.7 p00 p=0.0 rs142548 rs574301 ZNF1 (ZNF13 rs72821 (KRT 11. p0 p=0. rs14254 rs57430 (ZNF1 rs7282 p=0 rs1425 rs5743 (ZNF rs728 p= rs142 rs574 rs72 rs14 rs57 rs7 rs1 rs5

Connaraceae is a plant family usually used in traditional medicine. Recently, we have reported the chemical composition and biological activity of 39 species around the world. This work highlights the application of these species to diabetes control, which has been reported at least to half of this family. In this line, there are several species of the Connaraceae without scientific evidence of traditional use, among these the four species study here. Thus, this work aims the chemical composition prospection of Connarus blanchetii, Connarus regnellii, Connarus suberosus and Rourea glazioui, as well as the identification of possible bioactivity. The leaves of these four species were collected, prepared and submitted to different extractive methods (aqueous decoction and infusion and ethanolic maceration), these being tested in a preliminary phytochemical investigation and subjected to antioxidant assay with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Then, we selected the maceration extract to continue for fractions, with the ethyl acetate and n-butanol presenting the best results with antioxidant and anti-advanced glycation end products (AGEs) activity potential. Finally, the chemical composition was determinate by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in combination with Global Natural Products Service (GNPS) data bank. As a result, this study indicated the presence of 29 phenolics compounds with reported activity as antioxidant and with potential of protein glycation, supported the diabetes activity of this plants. The n-butanolic fraction of R. glazioui showed compounds such as apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin and chlorogenic acid, which have generated a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 36.5 µg mL 1 for oxidative glycation inhibition, being highlighted as the most active. medicine Recently 3 world control line use here Thus blanchetii regnellii bioactivity collected aqueous maceration, , maceration) 2,2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl diphenylpicrylhydrazyl 2,2 diphenyl picrylhydrazyl 2 power Then fractions nbutanol n butanol antiadvanced anti advanced AGEs (AGEs Finally highresolution high resolution HRMS (HRMS GNPS (GNPS bank result plants nbutanolic butanolic R apigenin kaempferol quercetin acid IC50 IC (IC50 365 36 5 36. inhibition active 2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22 2, IC5 (IC5 (IC

Abstract Phantoms play an important role in biomedicine due to their usefulness in the training of personnel and in the development of investigations. We propose a methodology to narrow down the selection of design parameters of phantoms for calibrating ultrasound devices. For doing so, we model the phantoms as composite materials. Through a mathematical homogenization technique, the global properties of the phantom are given in terms of the volume fractions of its components, their geometric shapes, and physical properties. We explore these parameters to determine ranges that yield the desirable values of acoustic impedance and attenuation. The procedure is illustrated for a class of sandwich-like phantoms made of layers of agar of different concentrations with complex elastic moduli. In this example, homogenization provides analytical formulae of the global properties that can be used to identify the layers’ thicknesses and concentrations that yield a low impedance and an average attenuation coefficient. These analytical results are compared with a numerical homogenization method, showing good agreement.

Abstract: This article analyses the complete history of the Facebook forum on Big Brother Spain during 2011-2019. For this study, more than 1.2 million Facebook comments were retrieved, and later thematic patterns from these units of content were identified and analysed. It examines what the most recurrent issues the fans talk about, and their standpoint on those. Forum participants accept and fully participate in the logic of the program (both its mechanics and its end goal), but sometimes mistrust and question the broadcaster’s impartiality when they consider that the network is meddling in the reality for commercial purposes. Yet any censorship made by the program on events which may hurt its image goes unnoticed. Viewers, largely women, criticize female contestants three times (2.79) more than men. However, there is also a degree of gender alliance between forum members and female contestants, as these receive more support to win the contest.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza el historial completo del foro de Facebook de Gran Hermano España durante el período 2011-2019. En el estudio se obtuvieron más de 1,2 millones de comentarios del grupo de Facebook. Se investiga cuáles son los temas más recurrentes de los que hablan los fans del programa y cuál es su posición ante ellos. Los participantes aceptan la lógica del reality (mecánica y objetivo final), pero a veces cuestionan la imparcialidad de la cadena si aprecian que interviene en la realidad para obtener una ventaja comercial. Sin embargo, pasa inadvertida la censura que ejerce el programa sobre los comentarios de sucesos que puedan dañar su imagen. Los espectadores, mayoritariamente de género femenino, critican tres veces más (2,79) a las mujeres concursantes que a los hombres. Sin embargo, también hay cierta alianza de género entre foristas y concursantes femeninas: se las apoya más a ellas para que ganen.

Abstract Background: Nosocomial infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported mainly in adult units. Objective: To present a report of pediatric cases with nosocomial infection by SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods: Patients with nosocomial infection by SARS-Cov-2 vs. COVID-19, confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), admitted to the Children´s Hospital of Mexico. Results: Of a total of 163 patients analyzed, only 9 (5.5%) acquired SARS-CoV-2 during their hospital stay. Five were male (55.5%) and 4 (44.4%) females, predominantly adolescents (4 [44.4%]), all older than 17 years. Only one developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome. We analyzed 18 clinical data, of which the most frequent symptom was fever, followed by hyporexia and abdominal pain. Discussion: Nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatrics will be reported more often. Conclusions: It is necessary to have a more homogeneous definition regarding SARS-CoV-2 vs. nosocomial COVID-19.

Resumen Introducción: La infección nosocomial por coronavirus, del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2) se ha reportado sobre todo en unidades de adultos. Objetivo: Dar a conocer un reporte de casos pediátricos con infección nosocomial por SARS-CoV-2. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron pacientes con infección nosocomial por SARS-Cov-2 vs. COVID-19, confirmados mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR) en tiempo real, ingresados al Hospital Infantil de México. Resultados: De un total de 163 pacientes analizados, solo 9 (5.5%) adquirieron SARS-CoV-2 durante su estancia hospitalaria. Cinco fueron del sexo masculino (55.5%) y 4 (44.4%) femenino, predominando los adolescentes (4 [44.4%]), todos mayores de 17 años. Solo uno desarrolló síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico. Analizamos 18 datos clínicos, de los cuales el síntoma más frecuente fue la fiebre, seguida de hiporexia y dolor abdominal. Discusión: La infección nosocomial por SARS-CoV-2 en pediatría se estará reportando más seguido. Conclusiones: Es necesario tener una definición más homogénea en cuanto a SARS-CoV-2 vs. COVID-19 nosocomial.

Abstract Background: In laparoscopic surgery, image quality can be severely degraded by surgical smoke caused by the use of tissue dissection tools that reduce the visibility of the observed organs and tissues. Objective: Improve visibility in laparoscopic surgery by combining image processing techniques based on classical methods and artificial intelligence. Method: Development of a hybrid approach to eliminating the effects of surgical smoke, based on the combination of the dark channel prior (DCP) method and a pixel-to-pixel neural network architecture known as a generative adversarial network (GAN). Results: Experimental results have shown that the proposed method achieves better performance than individual DCP and GAN results in terms of restoration quality, obtaining (according to PSNR and SSIM index metrics) better results than some related state-of-the-art methods. Conclusions: The proposed approach decreases the risks and time of laparoscopic surgery because once the network is trained, the system can improve real-time visibility.

Resumen Antecedentes: Durante la cirugía laparoscópica, la calidad de la imagen puede verse gravemente degradada por el humo quirúrgico causado por el uso de herramientas de disección de tejidos que reducen la visibilidad de los órganos y tejidos. Objetivo: Mejorar la visibilidad en cirugía laparoscópica mediante la combinación de técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes basadas en técnicas clásicas e inteligencia artificial. Método: Desarrollo de un enfoque híbrido para la eliminación de los efectos del humo quirúrgico, basado en la combinación del método del principio del canal oscuro (DCP, dark channel prior) y una arquitectura de red neuronal píxel a píxel conocida como red antagónica generativa (GAN, generative adversial network). Resultados: Los resultados experimentales han demostrado que el método propuesto logra un mejor rendimiento que los resultados individuales de DCP y GAN en cuanto a calidad de la restauración, obteniendo (según las métricas de la proporción máxima de señal a ruido [PSNR, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio] y el índice de similitud estructural [SSIM, Structural Similarity Index]) mejores resultados que otros métodos relacionados. Conclusiones: El enfoque propuesto disminuye los riesgos y el tiempo de la cirugía laparoscópica, ya que una vez que la red está correctamente entrenada, el sistema puede mejorar la visibilidad en tiempo real.

Resumen En 1909, Carlos Justiniano Chagas describió por primera vez las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad de Chagas. El parásito hemoflagelado Trypanosoma cruzi (agente) se caracteriza por la presencia de un flagelo, y en su citoplasma presenta organelos como el citostoma, los glicosomas, los reservosomas y un núcleo. El ciclo de vida de T. cruzi se inicia cuando el vector defeca sobre la piel del hospedero sus heces contienen tripomastigotes metacíclicos, que infectan las células del vertebrado. Los vectores de esta enfermedad pertenecen a la Subfamilia Triatominae, insectos hematófagos, nocturnos y con la capacidad de localizar a sus hospederos mediante la detección del calor. T. cruzi tiene efectos en la biología del insecto triatomino, en su comportamiento, en el funcionamiento del intestino, su sistema inmunológico y la microbiota asociada. En el hospedero mamífero, el parásito activa la respuesta inmune innata, y las citocinas tienen un papel clave para controlar la infección o bien evolucionar a la cronicidad. T. cruzi presenta una amplia diversidad genética, y bajo condiciones de laboratorio se han demostrado sus diferentes grados de virulencia y tropismo hacia los órganos blanco; sin embargo, no existe una asociación clara entre las cepas y el comportamiento clínico de la enfermedad. Esta revisión aborda la historia del descubrimiento de la enfermedad de Chagas y discute aspectos recientes sobre la biología de T. cruzi para comprender la dinámica de su transmisión.

Abstract In 1909, Carlos Justiniano Chagas first described the clinical manifestations of Chagas disease. The hemoflagellate parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (agent) is characterized by the presence of a flagellum and of a cytostome, glycosomes, reservosomes, and a nucleus in its cytoplasm. The life cycle of T. cruzi begins when a vector defecates on the skin of a host; the feces contain metacyclic trypomastigotes, which infect vertebrate cells. The vectors of this disease are members of the subfamily Triatominae, nocturnal, hematophagous insects capable of locating hosts by heat detection. T. cruzi infection has effects on the biology of the triatomine insect, its behavior, gut function, immune system, and associated microbiota. In the mammalian host, the parasite activates innate immune responses, and host cytokines are key to either control the infection or progress to chronicity. T. cruzi exhibits a wide genetic diversity, and while it has been proved under laboratory conditions to show varying degrees if virulence and organ tropism, no clear association has been found between specific strains and the clinical picture of the disease. This review addresses the history of the discovery of Chagas disease and discusses recent aspects of T. cruzi biology that provide insight into the dynamics of transmission.

Abstract For decades, studies on past pinniped exploitation in the Beagle Channel were mainly based on the zooarchaeological assemblages in the Second Component of Túnel I, dated to the middle Holocene. In recent years, the systematic analysis of further contexts located at different sectors of the north coast of the Beagle Channel provided new information especially for the late Holocene. While a hunting pattern focused on adult and subadult males of Arctocephalus australis remained in the interpretations of middle Holocene assemblages, age and sex profiles show a more heterogeneity pattern in later moments of the archaeological sequence. In this paper, we present new estimations on the age and season of death of pinniped specimens recovered in archaeological contexts in the Beagle Channel. The results, based on thin sections of canine teeth, indicate variability with the age profiles previously informed from zooarchaeological studies. In turn, the results also indicate a seasonally diverse pattern in the pinniped captures during the late Holocene. We finally argue that pinniped harvesting strategies probably have varied in the Beagle Channel along the Holocene.

Resumen Durante varias décadas, las interpretaciones sobre las pautas de explotación de pinnípedos en el canal Beagle se basaron sobre los conjuntos zooarqueológicos recuperados en el Segundo Componente de Túnel I. En los últimos años, el análisis sistemático de un número mayor de contextos distribuidos en distintos sectores de la costa norte del canal Beagle generó información para momentos más recientes de la secuencia de ocupación. Si bien se mantiene una tendencia en la explotación de machos adultos y subadultos de Arctocephalus australis durante el Holoceno medio, se observa heterogeneidad en el tipo de presas explotadas en el Holoceno tardío en relación con los perfiles de sexo y edad. En este trabajo se presentan y discuten los resultados de cortes delgados efectuados en 15 caninos de pinnípedos a fin de ampliar estimaciones sobre edad y estación de muerte de especímenes recuperados en contextos del Holoceno tardío en el canal Beagle. Los resultados indican variabilidad en los perfiles de edad respecto de los determinados previamente y capturas de pinnípedos en todas las estaciones del año durante el Holoceno tardío. Se concluye que es posible que las estrategias de aprovechamiento se hayan diversificado hacia momentos tardíos en la historia de ocupaciones de dicha región.

Abstract: Due to its nutritional and economic value, the tomato is considered one of the main vegetables in terms of production and consumption in the world. For this reason, an important study is the volume of the fruit related to the loss of mass. This process develops in the fruit mainly after the harvest. This parameter affects the economic value of the crop, the scientific community has been progressively addressing the problem. However, there is no non-contact method that allows volume estimation. In this work a quantitative method is developed that allows to estimate the volume of the tomato fruit by means of a 3D reconstruction technique. The method is based on a camera that acquires different views of the silhouette of the fruit and by means of image processing a 3D point cloud is generated and later a Delaunay triangulation technique, which allows the estimation of the 3D volume of the tomato fruit. This volume estimation allows the design of precise strategies focused on the prediction of tomato post-harvest by producers, distributors and consumers.

Resumen: Debido a su valor nutricional y económico, el tomate es considerado una de las principales hortalizas en términos de producción y consumo en el mundo. Por esta razón, un estudio importante es el volumen del fruto relacionado con la pérdida de masa. Este proceso se desarrolla en el fruto principalmente después de la cosecha. Como este parámetro afecta el valor económico del cultivo, la comunidad científica ha ido abordando progresivamente el problema; sin embargo, no hay ningún método sin contacto que permita la estimación del volumen. En este trabajo se desarrolla un método cuantitativo que permite estimar el volumen del fruto del tomate mediante una técnica de reconstrucción 3D. El método se basa en una cámara que adquiere diferentes vistas de la silueta de la fruta y mediante el procesamiento de imágenes se genera una nube de puntos 3D y posteriormente una técnica de triangulación de Delaunay, que permite la estimación del volumen 3D de la fruta. Esta estimación de volumen permite el diseño de estrategias precisas enfocadas en la predicción del tomate postcosecha por parte de productores, distribuidores y consumidores.

Abstract The objective of this study was to reveal how the COVID-19 pandemic process affected the number of visits to an emergency department of a highly complex hospital located in the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, to explore the char acteristics and reasons for consultation. The monthly number of visits between January 2019 and December 2020 was analyzed. The data showed a strong decrease in the number of visits (176 370 in 2019 and 95 421 in 2020), with an abrupt drop after the lockdown disposal (In aprilshowed the maximum reduction: 77.1%), and the different stages are reflected in the evolution (a consequence of quarantine), yielding a global annual reduc tion of 45.9%. The number of patients admitted by ambulances increased (5.1% in 2019 to 10.4% in 2020; p < 0.05), and consequently, the number of patients in the more complex sector (area B 2019: 5.3%, 2020: 11.5%; p < 0.01), as well as unscheduled hospitalizations from 6.8% (95% CI 6.7-6.9) to 12.1% in 2020 (95%CI11.8- 12.3), p < 0.01. The five most frequent reasons for consultation in 2020 were: fever (5.1%), odynophagia (4.7%), abdominal pain (2.6%), cough (1.8%) and headache (1.8%), probably all related to COVID-19. In conclusion, the number of emergency department visits decreased by half compared to the previous year.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue revelar cómo el COVID-19 afectó el número de visitas a un servicio de urgencias de un hospital de alta complejidad ubicado en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, explorar las características y los motivos de consulta. Se analizó el número mensual entre enero 2019 y diciem bre 2020. Los datos mostraron una fuerte disminución en el número de visitas (176 370 en 2019 y 95 421 en 2020), con una caída abrupta luego de disposición aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio (el mes de abril arrojó el máximo valor de reducción: 77.1%), y se reflejan las diferentes etapas evolutivas (consecuencia de la cuarentena), arrojando una reducción global anual del 45.9%. Sin embargo, aumentó el número de pacientes que ingresaron en ambulancias (5.1% en 2019 a 10.4% en 2020; p < 0.05), y, en consecuencia, los pacientes del sector de mayor complejidad (área B 2019: 5.3%, 2020: 11.5%; p < 0.01), y las hospitalizaciones no progra madas de 6.8% (IC95% 6.7-6.9) a 12.1% en 2020 (IC95% 11.8-12.3), p < 0.01. Los cinco motivos de consulta más frecuentes durante 2020 resultaron: fiebre (5.1%), odinofagia (4.7%), dolor abdominal (2.6%), tos (1.8%) y cefalea (1.8%), probablemente todos relacionados a COVID-19. En conclusión, se redujo a la mitad el número de visitas a urgencias en comparación con el año previo.