Pesquisa | SciELO

Capillary electromigration techniques can be understood as the ones used to separate neutral compounds, solvated ions and ionized species, considering the differentiated migration among them when an electrical field is applied within a capillary column filled with a background electrolyte. Several existing capillary electrophoresis setups provide the possibility of developing reliable quantitative assays of inorganic ions, organic acids, fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, vitamins, macromolecules, and more. Therefore, given the chemical complexity of bodily fluid matrices, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and its variations present themselves as an advantageous strategy for enhancing traditional clinical diagnostic methods and for the development of new ones. The recent advances in the study of the human metabolome associated with technological improvements towards medical applications make CE a very useful and versatile technique for clinical laboratory assays. Within this context, this review has the purpose of presenting some traditional methods used for exams of blood, urine, saliva, feces, and sweat, and how CE can be implemented as a real alternative to enable faster, automated, and cost-effective analysis with a comprehensive perspective that shall result in better diagnostic possibilities for patients, being a powerful tool for helping physicians on the precision medicine achievements. compounds species electrolyte acids carbohydrates proteins hormones vitamins macromolecules more Therefore matrices (CE context blood urine saliva feces sweat faster automated costeffective cost effective patients achievements

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230096

Accumulation and decomposition of cultural residues of Theobroma grandiflorum, Paullinia cupana, Bixa orellana and forest in the southern region of Amazonas
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Paula, E. M. B.

; Cunha, J. M.

; Campos, M. C. C.

; Silva, D. M. P.

; Silva, C. L.

; Lima, A. F. L.

; Mantovanelli, B. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e264237

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The litter deposited on the soil surface at various stages of decomposition is important for primary productivity that impacts the microbial communities and soil carbon storage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation and decomposition of cultural residues of Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex. Spreng) Schum, Paullinia cupana (Mart.) Ducke, Bixa orellana L., and forest in the Amazon region. The study was carried out in the São Francisco settlement, Canutama in the south of Amazonas, in a randomized block experimental design, and the treatments consisted of four areas with different crops: 1 - P. cupana; 2 - T. grandiflorum; 3 - B. orellana; 4 - Native woodland area (forest), in time subdivided plots: 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, and 330 days after the distribution of the bags in the field, all with four repetitions. To evaluate the contribution and fractions of litter, conical collectors were used in each area, and collections were performed monthly in the period from March 2020 to February 2021. The estimate of the decomposition rate of the litter was done by quantifying the loss of mass, using litter bags, which allow for a direct analysis of the rate of decay over time. The forest and P. cupana environments presented the highest litter production, and greater deposition when compared to environments cultivated with T. grandiflorum and B. orellana. The forest and B. orellana areas showed the highest speed of decomposition, while the opposite situation occurred under T. grandiflorum and P. cupana cultivation.

Resumo A serrapilheira depositada na superfície do solo, em vários estágios de decomposição tem importância na produtividade primária que impacta nas comunidades microbianas e estocagem de carbono no solo. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o acúmulo e decomposição dos resíduos culturais de cupuaçu, guaraná, urucum e floresta na região do Amazonas. O estudo foi realizado no assentamento São Francisco, Canutama no Sul do Amazonas, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualisados, sendo que os tratamentos constaram de quatro áreas com diferentes culturas: 1- Guaraná; 2 – Cupuaçu; 3 – Urucum; 4 – Área de mata nativa (floresta), em parcelas subdivididas no tempo: 07, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 e 300, 330 dias após a distribuição das sacolas no campo, todas com 04 repetições. Para avaliar o aporte e frações dá serapilheira, foram utilizados coletores cônicos em cada área, sendo as coletas realizadas mensalmente no período de março de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021. A estimativa da taxa de decomposição da serrapilheira foi realizada pela quantificação da perda de massa, utilizando-se litter bags, os quais permitem analisar de forma direta a taxa de decaimento ao longo do tempo. Os ambientes de floresta e guaraná apresentaram as maiores produções de serapilheira, e maior deposição quando comparados aos ambientes cultivados com cupuaçu e urucum. As áreas de floresta e urucum apresentaram a maior velocidade de decomposição, já a situação inversa ocorreu sob o cultivo do cupuaçu e guaraná.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.264237

Antibacterial activity of Thymus vulgaris (thyme) essential oil against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from meat product
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Diniz, A. F.

; Santos, B.

; Nóbrega, L. M. M. O.

; Santos, V. R. L.

; Mariz, W. S.

; Cruz, P. S. C.

; Nóbrega, R. O.

; Silva, R. L.

; Paula, A. F. R.

; Santos, J. R. D. A.

; Pessôa, H. L. F.

; Oliveira-Filho, A. A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e275306

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Meat products represent an important component of the human diet and are a good source of nutrients. Food-borne microorganisms are the main pathogens that cause human diseases as a result of food consumption, especially products of animal origin. The objective of the present research was to verify the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris against strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from meat products. For this, the analyses of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were performed in microdilution plates. The association of the product with antimicrobials was also studied using disk diffusion. And the anti-adherent activity, which was determined in the presence of sucrose, in glass tubes. Thyme oil showed a strong inhibitory activity against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. saprophyticus, with the MIC values ranging from 64 to 512 μg/mL, and bactericidal effect for most strains, with MBC values ranging from 256 to 1,024 μg/mL. T. vulgaris oil exhibited varied interactions in association with the antimicrobials, with synergistic (41.67%), indifferent (50%) and antagonistic (8.33%) effects. Regarding the anti-adherent activity, the test product was effective in inhibiting the adherence of all bacterial strains under study. Therefore, thyme oil presents itself as an antibacterial and anti-adherent agent against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. saprophyticus, being a natural product that can represent an interesting alternative in the efforts to combat foodborne diseases.

Resumo Os produtos cárneos representam um importante componente da dieta humana e constituem uma boa fonte de nutrientes. Microrganismos de origem alimentar são os principais patógenos que causam doenças humanas como resultado do consumo de alimentos, principalmente, produtos de origem animal. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi verificar a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Thymus vulgaris frente às cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus saprophyticus isoladas de produtos cárneos. Para isso, foram realizadas as análises de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) em placas de microdiluição. Assim como, o estudo de associação do produto com antimicrobianos, realizado por difusão em disco. E a atividade antiaderente, que foi determinada na presença de sacarose, em tubos de vidro. O óleo de tomilho apresentou uma forte atividade inibitória contra K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa e S. saprophyticus, com os valores de CIM variando entre 64 a 512 μg/mL, e efeito bactericida para a maioria das cepas, com valores de CBM entre 256 a 1.024 μg/mL. O óleo de T. vulgaris exibiu interações variadas na associação com os antimicrobianos, com efeitos sinérgicos (41,67%), indiferente (50%) e antagonista (8,33%). Em relação a atividade antiaderente, o produto teste foi eficaz na inibição a aderência de todas cepas bacterianas em estudo. Portanto, o óleo de tomilho apresenta-se como agente antibacteriano e antiaderente frente a K. pneumoniae, a P. aeruginosa e a S. saprophyticus, sendo um produto natural que pode representar uma alternativa interessante nos esforços para combater doenças transmitidas por alimentos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275306

Stable and Thermo-Responsive Dextran Sulfate-Graft-PNIPAm Amphiphilic Nanoparticles for Potential Target Methotrexate Delivery
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Santos, Aline T. dos

; Silva, Emerson L. da

; Montenegro, Raquel C.

; Sousa, Jeanlex S. de

; Paula, Regina C. M. de

; Feitosa, Judith P. A.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2023, Volume 34 Nº 9 Páginas 1262 - 1272

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Thermo-responsive copolymers grafted with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) are excellent candidates for drug release. Dextran sulfate (DS) acts as a specific ligand in inflamed regions, turning it highly useful as a target for drug delivery. DS was associated with NIPAm to produce amphiphilic graft copolymers prepared via free radicals. The molar ratio of feed reagents NIPAm/DS varied from 1 (DS-g-PNIPAm) to 4 (DS-g-4PNIPAm). The synthesis was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)). All copolymers showed self-organization capacity in an aqueous medium in temperatures higher than 34 °C, and sizes less than 300 nm. DS-g-3PNIPAm exhibited stability in water and in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed their spherical shape. This copolymer showed specificity to leukemic cells, and normal cells’ proliferation. Methotrexate (MTX) is a very low water-soluble drug used for rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Unfortunately, MTX have severe collateral effects. MTX-loaded nanoparticles can overcome such issues as well as enhance bioactivity and stability. The MTX was encapsulated and delivered from the DS-g-3PNIPAm with potential target delivery due to the presence of DS. Comparison with MTX encapsulated in other nanoparticles reveals that the DS-g-PNIPam presents the best performance among the thermo-responsive and the second among the target MTX nanocarriers.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230037

Stabilization of β-Galactosidase Encapsulated in Pectin-Alginate Hydrogel and Hydrolysis of Whey Lactose and Whole Milk
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Paiva, Maykon J.

; Paula-Elias, Fabrício C.

; Pereira, Luciana A.

; Carreiro, Solange C.

; Vieira-Almeida, Erika C.

; Silva, Ezequiel M.

; Dias, Giancarlo S.

; Xavier, Michelle A. C.

; Morales, Sergio A.

; Perna, Rafael F.

; Almeida, Alex F.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2023, Volume 34 Nº 12 Páginas 1743 - 1752

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The operational conditions of β-galactosidase encapsulated in pectin-alginate hydrogel were investigated as well as its catalytic activity in the hydrolysis of lactose from whey and whole milk. β-Galactosidase encapsulated in pectin-alginate hydrogel showed the best results to yields and diffusional effect and pH range. Thermostability showed considerable income gain for half-life (1.7-fold), activation energy of denaturation (31.6-fold), activation of denaturation (217.3-fold at 40 ºC; 266.8-fold at 50 ºC; 345.6-fold at 60 ºC), and entropy of activation of denaturation (-42.0 J mol 1 K-1). Reusability of encapsulated β-galactosidase was observed in 8-cycles for the milk whey lactose hydrolysis (51.9%) and 7-cycles for whole milk (55.6%), and the lactose hydrolysis was observed in 13% in milk whey and 10.3% in whole milk after 10 cycles. These results revealed an industrial application potential of β-galactosidase encapsulated in pectin-alginate hydrogel for lactose hydrolysis of milk whey and whole milk processes.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230067

Deep sea ecosystem exploration and ‘health check’: sampling strategy and methods applied during the iAtlantic_BR10_Petrobras cruise in the Santos Basin, Southwest Atlantic
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Perez, Jose Angel A.

; Barros Neto, Halésio M.C. de

; Arantes, Renata C.M.

; Gaurisas, Daniela Y.

; Silva, Camila F.

; Alves, Fernanda Maria M.

; Costa, Júlia A.

; Eloi, Paula D.C.

; Fonseca, Thayse S.

; Gavazzoni, Lucas

; Lonskis, Isabella da S.

; Nardi, Ricardo U.

; Nascimento, Pedro O.

; Rodrigues, João Vitor M.

; Santos, Ana Lara F. dos

; Santos, Edson C. dos

; Schroeder, Rafael

; Silva, Luis Carlos da

; Souza, Fernanda dos S.S. de

; Bernardino, Ângelo F.

; Cavalcanti, Guarani H.

; Lindner, Alberto

; Mahiques, Michel M. de

; Millo, Christian

; Reis, Priscila

; Sweetman, Andrew K.

; Roberts, J. Murray

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 elocation e23046

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The iAtlantic Project has established an international collaborative strategy to improve mapping and characterization of deep and open ocean ecosystems in understudied regions of the Atlantic and evaluate their health. In December 2022, the first iAtlantic expedition in the South Atlantic set off to map and explore seafloor ecosystems in the Santos Basin slope (200-1,000 m depths) in collaboration with the Petrobras ‘Santos Basin - Regional Characterization Project.’ The 17-day ‘iAtlantic_BR10-Petrobras’ cruise was conducted on board the research vessel NPqHOc Vital de Oliveira (Brazilian Navy) and performed (a) water column structure characterization, (b) seafloor morphology mapping, (c) description of benthic habitats and communities by seafloor imagery and biological/ geological sampling, and (d) ex-situ experiments to assess the functioning of sedimentary ecosystems and their responses to climate-related environmental changes. This study describes the rationale behind the iAtlantic_BR10-Petrobras cruise science plan, reports its sampling strategy and methods, and summarizes its collected data and preliminary results.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.23069jaap

Efficiency of essential oils in the control of the black bean aphid Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
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Bezerra, L. L. A.

; Azevedo, F. R.

; Evangelista-Júnior, W. S.

; Paula-Filho, F. J.

; Navarro, D. M. A. F.

; Santos, E. F.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e275069

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The black aphid Aphis craccivora Koch is one of the main pests of the caupi-bean crop Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Due to the need to find effective and safe methods of control, there has been an increase in research seeking natural alternatives. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of essential oils from jatoba Hymenaea courbaril, copaiba Copaifera langsdorffii and aroeira Schinus terebinthifolius to control nymphs and adults of A. craccivora. The oils were extracted from the leaves by the hydrodistillation method, diluted to 0.1% in distilled water with 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Each treatment had four repetitions, plus a control with distilled water + 2% DMSO. The biotests were conducted in two stages: the first was conducted in the laboratory, under controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity and photophase, and the second was conducted in the greenhouse, using only the treatment with the best laboratory test results. After 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours of exposure, the insect mortalities were checked. In the first phase of the experiment, the aroeira oil showed 83.33% and 75.75% efficiency of mortality in nymphs and adults, respectively. In the greenhouse tests, this same oil showed 73.52% in nymphs and 62.85% in adults, opening new perspectives regarding its use as a natural insecticide for the control of the black aphid of the bean.

Resumo O pulgão preto Aphis craccivora Koch é uma das principais pragas da cultura do feijão-caupi Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Em virtude da necessidade de encontrar métodos eficazes e seguros de controle, tem-se aumentado as pesquisas buscando alternativas naturais. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial dos óleos essenciais de jatobá Hymenaea courbaril, copaíba Copaifera langsdorffii e aroeira Schinus terebinthifolius para controlar ninfas e adultos de A. craccivora. Os óleos foram extraídos das folhas pelo método de hidrodestilação, diluídos a 0,1% em água destilada com Dimetilsufóxido a 2% (DMSO). Cada tratamento possuiu quatro repetições, além da testemunha com água destilada + DMSO 2%. Os biotestes foram conduzidos em duas etapas: a primeira foi realizada em laboratório, sob condições controladas de temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e fotofase e a segunda foi realizada em casa de vegetação, utilizando apenas o tratamento com melhor resultado do teste em laboratório. Depois de transcorridos 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas de exposição, foram verificadas as mortalidades dos insetos. Na primeira fase do experimento, o óleo de aroeira apresentou 83,33% e 75,75% de eficiência de mortalidade em ninfas e adultos, respectivamente. Nos testes em casa de vegetação, esse mesmo óleo apresentou 73,52% em ninfas e 62,85% e em adultos, abrindo novas perspectivas quanto à sua utilização como inseticida natural para o controle do pulgão preto do feijoeiro.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275069

16S metabarcoding analysis reveals the influence of organic and conventional farming practices on bacterial communities from the rhizospheric of Coffea arabica L.
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Andrade, P. H. M.

; Machado, P. C.

; Paula, A. F.

; Paganin, A. C. L.

; Rezende, G. S.

; Matheucci Jr., E.

; Carvalho, L. M.

; Freire, C. C. M.

; Cunha, A. F.

; Lacava, P. T.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e274070

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Coffea sp. is cultivated in many tropical countries. Brazil has always adopted intensive agricultural practices, but organic coffee farming is an alternative system based on the non-use of agrochemicals and the rational management of soils. Metabarcoding 16S analysis using next-generation sequencing has been developed to identify and compare the diversity of the Coffea arabica L. rhizospheric bacterial community in two farming areas in São Paulo, Brazil. Dourado uses conventional farming, while Ribeirão Corrente uses organic. We found broad taxonomic composition, with sequences from 24 phyla, 55 classes, 61 orders, 146 families, and 337genus. The three most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria (38.27%), Actinobacteria (15.56%), and Acidobacteria (16.10%). In organic farming, the top 3 were the family Sphingomonadaceae, order Rhizobiales, genus Nocardioides, and Gp6. The genus Gp2 and the phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria were the most abundant OTUs exclusively present in conventional farming. In the organic farming practice, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were also present among the exclusive OTUs; we also found OTUs belonging to Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobia. Our study indicates a positive effect of organic farming on microbial communities. Fertilization may directly affect soil microbiota, suggesting that a large and active microbial community low in functional diversity might not adapt to new climatic conditions. A diverse community could provide better resilience to environmental changes, improving the productivity of this important crop.

Resumo Coffea sp. é cultivada em muitos países tropicais. O Brasil sempre adotou práticas agrícolas intensivas, mas a cafeicultura orgânica é um sistema alternativo baseado na não utilização de agrotóxicos e no manejo racional dos solos. A análise Metabarcode 16S utilizando o sequenciamento de última geração foi desenvolvida para identificar e comparar a diversidade da comunidade bacteriana rizosférica de Coffea arabica L. em duas áreas de cultivo em São Paulo, Brasil. Dourado usa agricultura convencional, enquanto Ribeirão Corrente usa agricultura orgânica. Encontramos ampla composição taxonômica, com sequências de 24 filos, 55 classes, 61 ordens, 146 famílias e 337 gêneros. Os três filos mais abundantes foram Proteobacteria (38,27%), Actinobacteria (15,56%) e Acidobacteria (16,10%). Na agricultura orgânica, os 3 primeiros foram a família Sphingomonadaceae, ordem Rhizobiales, gênero Nocardioides e Gp6. O gênero Gp2 e o filo Candidatus Saccaribacteria foram as OTUs mais abundantes exclusivamente presentes na agricultura convencional. Na prática da agricultura orgânica, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria e Acidobacteria também estiveram presentes entre as OTUs exclusivas; também encontramos OTUs pertencentes a Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes e Verrucomicrobia. Nosso estudo indica um efeito positivo da agricultura orgânica nas comunidades microbianas. A fertilização pode afetar diretamente a microbiota do solo, sugerindo que uma grande e ativa comunidade microbiana com baixa diversidade funcional pode não se adaptar às novas condições climáticas. Uma comunidade microbiana diversificada poderia proporcionar maior resiliência às mudanças ambientais, melhorando a produtividade desta importante cultura agrícola.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.274070

Resolución del caso presentado en el número anterior. Alopecia por sífilis Syphilitic alopecia
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Bellagamba, Paula M.

; CaUcchio, María A.

; Spoltore, Fiorella M.

; Belo, Cynthia G.

; Sandoval, Paula S.

; Dei Cas, Pablo G.

; Dei Cas, Ignacio J.

; Patiño, Cecilia P.

; Zagari, Sandra E.

Archivos argentinos de pediatría

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Fev 2022, Volume 120 Nº 1 Páginas 191 - 200

Resumo: Es | Texto: Es | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2022.14

10.

Seep hunting in the Santos Basin, Southwest Atlantic: sampling strategy and employed methods of the multidisciplinary cruise BIOIL 1
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Sumida, Paulo Y. G.

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Lourenço, Rafael A.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Bendia, Amanda G.

; Carrerette, Orlemir

; Nakamura, Fernanda M.

; Ramos, Raissa B.

; Bergamo, Gilberto

; Souza, Bruno H. M.

; Butarelli, Ana C. A.

; Passos, Júlia G.

; Dias, Rodolfo J. S.

; Maly, Mascimiliano

; Banha, Thomás N. S.

; Güth, Arthur Z.

; Soares, Luiza F.

; Perugino, Paula D. N.

; Santos, Felipe R.

; Santana, Frederico R.

; Mahiques, Michel M. de

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2022, Volume 70 Supl. 2 elocation e22031

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The continental margin off the southeastern Brazilian coast is punctuated by a series of geological-geomorphological features, such as subsurface saline diapirs and pockmarks at the seafloor interface, which evidence the abundant presence of oil and gas in the region. In several of these sites, hydrocarbons can be naturally released into the water column, areas are cold seep areas. These are marked by the presence of oil- and gas-dependent ecosystems, where specific organisms are able to fix carbon from hydrocarbon chemosynthesis. In addition, light hydrocarbon fluid flow through the sediment may build up authigenic carbonates that can be further colonized by cold-water corals, generating large carbonate mounds over geological time, normally positioned at the border of these pockmark features. The present work reports on a multidisciplinary oceanographic cruise carried out in the Santos Basin, SW Atlantic, to seek, map, and collect geological, chemical, and biological data from different deep-sea habitats. The cruise occurred in November 2019 on the R/V Alpha Crucis of the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (IOUSP). We intended to discover and detail different geomorphological features, characterize free-living and symbiotic microorganisms, determine the chemosynthetic rates in relation to heterotrophic microbial production, and characterize the fauna and study their ecological and evolutionary links within and across ocean basins. All discoveries made during the cruise and their respective results will be presented separately in several papers that comprise this special volume.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824070.22077pygs

11.

Cytotoxic effect of Vernonanthura polyanthes leaves aqueous extracts
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Almeida, L. M.

; Prado, A. D. L.

; Xavier-Silva, K. R.

; Firmino, M. T.

; Paula, M. I. M.

; Gomes, P. N.

; Paula, J. A. M.

; Bailão, E. F. L. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Set 2021, Volume 81 Nº 3 Páginas 575 - 583

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Vernonanthura polyanthes, popularmente conhecida como assa-peixe, é uma planta medicinal amplamente utilizada pela população brasileira do Cerrado para o tratamento doenças, sem uma avaliação detalhada de sua eficácia, toxicidade e dosagem adequada. Dessa forma, são necessários estudos para investigar a segurança do uso do extrato aquoso de V. polyanthes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a toxicidade, citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade do extrato aquoso de folhas de V. polyanthes utilizando os ensaios de Artemia salina e Allium cepa. Para o ensaio de A. salina, três grupos de 10 larvas foram expostos ao extrato aquoso de folhas de V. polyanthes nas concentrações de 5, 10, 20, 40 e 80 mg/ml. Para o ensaio de A. cepa, 5 bulbos de cebola foram expostas ao extrato aquoso de folhas de V. polyanthes nas concentrações de 10, 20 e 40 mg/ml, e então submetidos a análise macroscópica e microscópica. O ensaio de A. salina sugere que a concentração de 24 mg/ml do extrato de V. polyanthes é capaz de matar 50% dos náuplios; enquanto o ensaio de A. cepa sugere que o extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes é tóxico em concentrações superiores a 20 mg/ml. O efeito citotóxico nas células da raiz de A. cepa foi observado apenas na concentração de 40 mg/ml. É importante dizer que a concentração de extrato aquoso de folhas de V. polyanthes comumente usada na medicina popular é de 20 mg/ml. Assim, a concentração popular utilizada está muito próxima do limite de toxicidade no modelo de A. salina (24 mg/ml) e é a mesma concentração que apresentou efeito tóxico nas células da raiz de A. cepa (20 mg/ml). Não foi observada atividade genotóxica do extrato aquoso de folhas de V. polyantes nas condições utilizadas neste trabalho. Por causa da ação antiproliferativa e ausência de atividade genotóxica, o extrato aquoso de folhas de V. polyanthes pode ser uma boa fonte natural de compostos antitumorais e pode apresentar potencial para uso na medicina. No entanto, estudos mais detalhados precisam ser realizados para confirmar esse potencial.

Abstract Vernonanthura polyanthes, popularly known as assa-peixe, is a medicinal plant that has been widely used by Brazilian Cerrado population for treatment of diseases without a detailed evaluation of their effectiveness, toxicity, and proper dosage. Thus, more studies investigating the safety of V. polyanthes aqueous extract before the use are needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract using the Artemia salina and Allium cepa assays. For the A. salina assay, three groups of 10 larvae were exposed to V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract at the concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/ml. For the A. cepa assay, 5 onion bulbs were exposed to V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract at 10, 20, and 40 mg/ml, and then submitted to macroscopic and microscopic analysis. As result it was identified a toxicity and cytotoxicity of V. polyanthes dependent on the extract concentration. The A. salina assay suggests that the concentration of 24 mg/ml of the V. polyanthes extract is able to kill 50% of naupllis; while the A. cepa assay suggests that V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract is toxic at concentrations higher than 20 mg/ml; however the cytotoxic effect in A. cepa root cells was observed at 40 mg/ml of the extract. It is important to say that the V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract concentration commonly used in popular medicine is 20 mg/ml. Thus, the popular concentration used is very close to toxicity limit in A. salina model (24 mg/ml) and is the concentration which showed toxic effect in A. cepa root cells (20 mg/ml). No genotoxic activity of V. polyantes leaves aqueous extract was observed in the conditions used in this study. Because of the antiproliferative action and no genotoxic activity, V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract may present compounds with potential use for human medicine. However more detailed studies need to be performed to confirm this potential.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.225281 560 downloads

12.

Consenso de hemofilia en México
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López-Arroyo, José L.

; Pérez-Zúñiga, Juan M.

; Merino-Pasaye, Laura E.

; Saavedra-González, Azucena

; Alcivar-Cedeño, Luisa María

; Álvarez-Vera, José Luis

; Anaya-Cuellar, Irene

; Arana-Luna, Luara L.

; Ávila-Castro, David

; Bates-Martín, Ramón A.

; Cesarman-Maus, Gabriela

; Chávez-Aguilar, Lénica A.

; Peña-Celaya, José A. de la

; Espitia-Ríos, María E.

; Estrada-Domínguez, Patricia

; Fermín-Caminero, Denisse

; Flores-Patricio, Willy

; García Chávez, Jaime

; García-Lee, María T.

; González-Pérez, María del Carmen

; González-Rubio, María del Carmen

; González-Villareal, María Guadalupe

; Ramírez-Moreno, Fabiola

; Hernández-Colin, Ana K.

; Hernández-Ruiz, Eleazar

; Herrera-Olivares, Wilfrido

; Leyto-Cruz, Faustino

; Loera-Fragoso, Sergio

; Martínez-Ríos, Annel

; Miranda-Madrazo, María R.

; Morales-Hernández, Alba

; Nava-Villegas, Lorena

; Orellana-Garibay, Juan J.

; Palma-Moreno, Orlando G.

; Paredes-Lozano, Eugenia P.

; Peña-Alcántara, Paula

; Pérez-Lozano, Uendy

; Pichardo-Cepín, Yayra M.

; Reynoso-Pérez, Ana Carolina

; Rodríguez-Serna, Mishel

; Rojas-Castillejos, Flavio

; Romero-Rodelo, Hilda

; Ruíz-Contreras, Josué I.

; Segura-García, Adela

; Silva-Vera, Karina

; Soto-Cisneros, Paulina M.

; Tapia-Enríquez, Ana L.

; Tavera-Rodríguez, Martha G.

; Teomitzi-Sánchez, Óscar

; Tepepa-Flores, Fredy

; Valencia-Rivas, María D.

; Valle-Cárdenas, Teresa

; Varela-Constantino, Ana

; Javier-Morales, Adrián

; Martínez-Ramírez, Mario A.

; Tena-Cano, Sergio

; Terrazas-Marín, Ricardo

; Vilchis-González, Shendel P.

; Villela-Peña, Atenas

; Mena-Zepeda, Verónica

; Alvarado Ibarra, Martha

Gaceta médica de México

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2021, Volume 157 Supl. 1 Páginas S1 - S37

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Hemophilia is a hemorrhagic disorder with a sex-linked inherited pattern, characterized by an inability to amplify coagulation due to a deficiency in coagulation factor VIII (hemophilia A or classic) or factor IX (hemophilia B). Sequencing of the genes involved in hemophilia has provided a description and record of the main mutations, as well as a correlation with the various degrees of severity. Hemorrhagic manifestations are related to levels of circulating factor, mainly affecting the musculoskeletal system and specifically the large joints (knees, ankles and elbows). This document is a review and consensus of the main genetic aspects of hemophilia, from the inheritance pattern to the concept of women carriers, physiopathology and classification of the disorder, the basic and confirmation studies when hemophilia is suspected, the various treatment regimens based on infusion of the deficient coagulation factor as well as innovative factor-free therapies and recommendations for the management of complications associated with treatment (development of inhibitors and/or transfusion transmitted infections) or secondary to articular hemorrhagic events (hemophilic arthropathy). Finally, relevant reviews of clinical and treatment aspects of hemorrhagic pathology charachterized by acquired deficiency of FVIII secondary to neutralized antibodies named acquired hemophilia.

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.m20000451 305 downloads

13.

Inhibition of Brazilian ZIKV strain replication in primary human placental chorionic cells and cervical cells treated with nitazoxanide
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Souza, Audrien A.A. de

; Torres, Lauana R.

; Lima, Lyana R.P.

; Paula, Vanessa de

; Barros, José J.

; Bonecini-Almeida, Maria da Gloria

; Waghabi, Mariana Caldas

; Gardel, Marcelo A.

; Meuser-Batista, Marcelo

; Souza, Elen M. de

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Dez 2020, Volume 24 Nº 6 Páginas 505 - 516

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is associated with a congenital syndrome. Although the virus can be detected in human placental tissue and sexual transmission has been verified, it is not clear how the virus reaches the fetus. Despite the emerging severity caused by ZIKV infection, no specific prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment is available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness antiviral of nitazoxanide (NTZ) in two important congenital transmission targets: (i) a primary culture of human placental chorionic cells, and (ii) human cervical epithelial cells (C33-A) infected with Brazilian ZIKV strain. Initially, NTZ activity was screened in ZIKV infected Vero cells under different treatment regimens with non-toxic drug concentrations for 48 h. Antiviral effect was found only when the treatment was carried out after the viral inoculum. A strong effect against the dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) was also observed suggesting the possibility of treating other Flaviviruses. Additionally, it was shown that the treatment did not reduce the production of infectious viruses in insect cells (C6/36) infected with ZIKV, indicating that the activity of this drug is also related to host factors. Importantly, we demonstrated that NTZ treatment in chorionic and cervical cells caused a reduction of infected cells in a dose-dependent manner and decreased viral loads in up to 2 logs. Pre-clinical in vitro testing evidenced excellent therapeutic response of infected chorionic and cervical cells and point to future NTZ activity investigation in ZIKV congenital transmission models with the perspective of possible repurposing of NTZ to treat Zika fever, especially in pregnant women.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2020.09.001 340 downloads

14.

Cirugía ambulatoria de la hernia inguinal en pacientes ancianos. Estudio comparativo entre mayores y menores de 80 años
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Turchi, Matías J.

; López, Priscilla V.

; Crivelli, Francisco J.

; Laborda, Nicolás

; Maldonado, Juan M.

; Montanelli, Agostina

; Adamczuk, Paula M.

; Perriello, Juan A.

Revista argentina de cirugía

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Jun 2020, Volume 112 Nº 3 Páginas 293 - 302

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Background: Octogenarians are a demographically growing group. This increase in life expectancy of ten makes surgeons face older patients with inguinal hernia. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the applicability, safety and efficacy of ambulatory inguinal hernia in patients > 80 years, Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective and observational cohort study. Data from all the open inguinal hernia repair procedures performed using the Lichtenstein technique between January 2008 and December 2017 and followed-up after one month were analyzed. These patients were retrospectively compared with similar patients aged 50-79 years who were treated during the same period. Results: Between 2008 and 2017, 491 patients admitted in the Major Ambulatory Surgery program underwent inguinal hernia repair using the Lichtenstein technique. 133 (27.1%) were > 80 years and 358 (72.9%) were between 50 and 79 years. Overall postoperative morbidity was 9.75% (13.5% in > 80 years and 8.4% in the control group; p = NS). There were no significant differences in unanticipated mortality (3.8% vs. 2.8%un the control group, p = NS). Conclusion: Ambulatory surgery for open inguinal hernia repair in patients > 80 years is a safe and effective strategy.

RESUMEN Introducción: los octogenarios son un grupo demográficamente en crecimiento. Este aumento en la esperanza de vida pone al cirujano frecuentemente frente a pacientes de edad avanzada con una hernia inguinal. Objetivo: analizar la aplicabilidad, seguridad y eficacia del tratamiento quirúrgico ambulatorio de la hernia inguinal en pacientes mayores de 80 años. Material y método: estudio comparativo, de cohorte retrospectiva. Se analizaron todas las hernio plastias inguinales por vía abierta con técnica de Lichtenstein realizadas entre 2008 y 2017, con al menos un mes de seguimiento. Estos pacientes fueron comparados de forma retrospectiva con todos aquellos de iguales características de entre 50 y 79 años tratados durante el mismo período de tiempo. Resultados: entre 2008 y 2017, 491 pacientes ingresaron en el Programa de Cirugía Mayor Ambulato ria y fueron sometidos a reparación de una hernia inguinal con técnica de Lichtenstein. De estos, 133 pacientes (27, 1%) eran mayores de 80 años, y 358 pacientes (72,9%) de entre 50 y 79 años. La mor bilidad posoperatoria global de la serie fue del 9,75% (13,5% para mayores de 80 años y 8,4% para el grupo control, p = NS). Tampoco hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en admisión temprana (3,8% vs. 2,8% del grupo control, p = NS). Conclusión: la cirugía ambulatoria en la hernioplastia por vía abierta, en pacientes mayores de 80 años, fue aplicada de forma segura y eficaz.

https://doi.org/10.25132/raac.v112.n3.1450.es 141 downloads

15.

Fighting HIV/AIDS in a developing country: lessons from a small cohort from the largest Brazilian city
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Casseb, Jorge

; Veiga, Ana Paula R.

; Magri, Marcello M. C.

; Monteiro, Mariana A.

; Rocha, Rosana C.

; Gascon, Maria Rita P.

; Domingues-Ferreira, Mauricio

; Polis, Thales J. B.

; Nascimento, Najara A. de Lima

; Limongelli, Isadora

; Oliveira, Ícaro S.

; Prandi, Gabriela Caetano

; Costa, Livia M. C. B. Villares

; Fonseca, Luiz A. M.

; Duarte, Alberto J. S.

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2020, Volume 62 elocation e58

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202062058 221 downloads

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