Abstract Objectives Percutaneous Vocal Fold Lateralization (PVFL) consists of external fixation with non-absorbable percutaneous suture of the vocal fold in a lateral position, under direct glottic visualization. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of PVFL in a university pediatric hospital, as well as to describe the potential risks and complications of the surgery. Methods Retrospective cohort study, with data collected from electronic medical records. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution. Surgeries were performed with the modified Lichentenberg technique and data, and outcomes were analyzed. Results Six patients with Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis who underwent Percutaneous Vocal Fold Lateralization were evaluated. Three patients were male. The age at diagnosis ranged from 2 to 132 days (mean 10.5 days). The reason for investigating the upper airway was the presence of increased work of breathing and stridor. Five patients had a favorable clinical evolution, with spontaneous ventilation in room air and absence of stridor or ventilatory effort, without the need for tracheostomy. Surgical results in this series corroborate the findings of other similar cohorts, which showed Percutaneous Vocal Fold Lateralization as a safe and effective procedure in avoiding tracheostomy or allowing decannulation in children with Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis. Conclusions PVFL seems to be a safe and effective procedure, but it has morbidity, due to immediate, and probably late, non-serious complications. Studies with a larger number of patients, with longer follow-up and using a controlled and randomized clinical design are needed to establish the role of PVFL in the treatment of BVFP in newborns and infants. Levels of evidence Level 4 (step 4). (PVFL nonabsorbable non absorbable position visualization hospital surgery records institution analyzed evaluated male 13 mean 105 10 5 10. days. . days) evolution effort cohorts morbidity immediate late nonserious serious followup follow up infants step 4. 4) 1

Abstract Objectives: Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital cause of stridor; the natural history of the disease runs through to complete resolution by the age of two. Severe cases are characterized by cyanosis, hypoxia, apnea, furcular and/or subcostal retractions, aspirations, pulmonary hypertension, and failure to thrive and must undergo surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the success rates of supraglottoplasty in our hospital and evaluate the predictive factors for surgical success. Methods: Cohort study, prospectively planned. 75 patients undergoing endoscopic surgery from July 2007 to July 2016 were analyzed at the Santo Antônio Children’s Hospital. The primary outcome was percentage of surgical success, defined as the absence of respiratory symptoms or presence of a mild stridor without retractions on the first post-operative month (late success). The secondary outcomes were the early surgical success (absence of respiratory symptoms or presence of a mild stridor without retractions on the first post-operative day). Results: 39 (58.2%) were male, with an average of 4.9 months. Surgical success on the first day was 80.6% (n = 54). At the end of the 1st month, surgical success was 88.6%, considering only those who completed assessment. Twenty-one (34%) presented comorbidities. Presence of comorbidities, pharyngomalacia and GERD were associated with a worse result on the 1st postoperative day, whereas, at the end of the first month, presence of comorbidities, concomitant injuries (tracheo and bronchomalacia) and pharyngomalacia were the predictive variables of surgery failure. Conclusion: Supraglottoplasty has high rates of efficacy and low morbidity. The presence of comorbidities and pharyngomalacia has shown association with a worse early and late surgical outcome. Synchronous airway lesions predict a worse surgical result at the end of the first month. GERD was associated with obstructive symptomatology only in the 1st post-operative day. Level of evidence: Level 3 of evidence, according to the “The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence” from Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Objectives two cyanosis hypoxia apnea andor aspirations hypertension Methods planned 7 200 201 Childrens Children s Hospital post operative . success) day) Results 58.2% 582 58 2 (58.2% male 49 4 9 4. months 806 80 6 80.6 n 54. 54 54) st 886 88 88.6% assessment Twentyone Twenty one 34% 34 (34% whereas tracheo bronchomalacia Conclusion morbidity evidence Evidence EvidenceBased Based Medicine 20 58.2 5 (58.2 8 80. 88.6 (34 58. (58. 88. (3 (58 ( (5

Resumo Introdução: A rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais, doença prevalente que afeta cerca de 2% da população mundial, é caracterizada por inflamação sintomática da mucosa nasal e comprometimento da qualidade de vida. A rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais tem etiologia multifatorial, envolvendo resposta disfuncional do hospedeiro a fatores ambientais. Assim, modelos inflamatórios podem ser úteis para esclarecer a fisiopatologia dessa doença. A contagem de micronúcleos tem sido usada para rastrear danos no DNA em vários tecidos. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre a frequência de micronúcleos em células esfoliadas da cavidade nasal de pacientes com rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais e a gravidade da doença. Método: Estudo transversal que incluiu 21 pacientes com rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais e 19 controles sem doença. Nenhum dos participantes era fumante. Resultados: A contagem média de micronúcleos foi de 3,690 por 1.000 células (± 2,165) nos indivíduos doentes e 1,237 por 1.000 células (± 0,806) nos controles (teste t de Student = 4,653; p < 0,001). A cirurgia nasal nos últimos 5 anos e a doença respiratória exacerbada por aspirina não foram associadas à contagem de micronúcleos (p = 0,251). Conclusão: A contagem de micronúcleos parece estar ligada à rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais, proporcionando uma nova perspectiva para a avaliação dessa doença.

Abstract Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, a prevalent disease affecting around 2% of the world population, is characterized by symptomatic inflammation of the nasal mucosa and impairment of quality of life. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps has a multifactorial etiology, involving a dysfunctional host response to environmental factors. Thus, inflammatory models may be useful to shed light on the pathophysiology of this disease. Micronucleus count has been used to screen DNA damage in various tissues. Objective: To investigate the association between frequency of micronucleus in exfoliated cells from the nasal cavity of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and disease severity. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 21 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and 19 controls without disease. None of the participants were smokers. Results: Mean micronucleus count was 3.690 per 1000 cells (±2.165) in individuals with vs. 1.237 per 1000 cells (±0.806) in controls; (Student's t test = 4.653, p< 0.001). Nasal surgery in the past 5 years and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease were not associated with nicronucleus count (p= 0.251). Conclusion: Micronucleus count seems to be linked to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, providing a new perspective for the evaluation of this disorder.