Abstract An association between bruxism and musculoskeletal disorders, such as neck pain, has been established. This study investigated the association of possible sleep bruxism (PSB) activities, including grinding, bracing, and thrusting, with smartphone use, smartphone-induced neck pain, and sleep features. This cross-sectional study involved 403 Brazilian adolescents aged 11 to 19 years. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the severity of PSB, smartphone use, smartphone-induced neck pain, and sleep features (sleep duration and quality and history of nightmares). Sociodemographic factors, as well as snoring and drooling on the pillow, were considered potential confounders and were assessed based on reports from parents/caregivers. Participants were selected using multiple-stage sampling. Descriptive analysis and multinomial regression were performed (p ≤ 0.05). Adolescents reporting nightmares at least once a month (OR = 3.402; 95%CI: 1.315–8.802) and sometimes experiencing smartphone-induced neck pain (OR: 3.697, 95%CI: 1.103–12.388) were more likely to report moderate/severe grinding. Drooling on the pillow (OR = 3.105, 95%CI: 1.316–7.329), poor/fairly good sleep quality (OR = 2.717, 95%CI: 1.279–5.770), and smartphone-induced neck pain (OR = 3.227, 95%CI: 1.121–9.285) were associated with mild bracing. Adolescents experiencing nightmares once a week (OR = 3.209, 95% CI: 1.202– 8.565) had a higher prevalence of mild thrusting. Self-reported smartphone-induced neck pain, nightmares, poor/fairly good sleep quality, and drooling on the pillow were associated with a higher prevalence of PSB activities among Brazilian adolescents. Clinicians and researchers are encouraged to include assessments of smartphone use and sleep features in anamnesis, promoting a comprehensive approach to PSB, from diagnosis to treatment.

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify and describe the characteristics of coronavirus (COVID-19)-disease related dental research in Brazil presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Division of the International Association for Dental Research (SBPqO). A search was carried out in the proceedings of the meeting to retrieve all abstracts. Those containing the term “COVID-19” in titles, abstracts, or keywords, and/or those of which the scope approached a COVID-19-related topic were included. The variables extracted from abstracts were: presenter category, field of study, design, data collection method, population, affiliation, and authors’ gender. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The search retrieved 185 abstracts, 5 did not meet study eligibility criteria and were excluded. COVID-19-related research was presented by either aspiring/associate members (67.8%) or beginner members (32.2%). Data collection methods were predominantly digitally mediated (65%), followed by secondary data use (25%), and in-person data collection (7.2%). Irrespective of the role of authorship, there were a ratio of two female authors to each male. Among the last authors, the ratio was three females to each male. Female lead authors more frequently came from the Southeast region (71.8%; p = 0.470). There was an association between presenter category and study design (p = 0.012), clinical and epidemiological studies were more concentrated among experienced presenters. In conclusion, female dental researchers affiliated to southeastern institutions approached the topic of pandemic more frequently than male colleagues. The use of digital technology for data collection may have long-lasting impacts on the teaching and publication of dental research.

The study assessed the Global Quality Score (GQS) and informational engagement of users with YouTube videos on the Brazilian public health system (SUS). The YouTube video search tool was used with the Portuguese keywords ‘unified health system’ and ‘SUS’. The first 100 videos returned in the search were studied, using the GQS to measure their educational value, usefulness, and information quality. Users’ engagement with the videos was calculated based on their number of likes/reactions and comments. Other data collected were authorship, year of publication, topic approached, target audience, video length, and use of references. Two trained and calibrated researchers collected the data. Multiple analysis was performed with Logistic Regression, using a 95% confidence interval and significance of p<0.05. There were no poor or generally poor GQS scores (scores 1 and 2) and most videos (58%) achieved moderate or good scores (scores 3 and 4). Videos published after the onset of COVID-19 had a 70% lower chance of engagement than those published in pre-pandemic years (OR: 0.30; 95%CI: 0.12–0.74). Videos that targeted healthcare professionals were 72% less likely to achieve higher GQS scores, than those with an unidentified target audience (OR: 0.28; 95%CI: 0.10–0.75). The informational engagement of the videos showed fewer comments than likes/reactions. Most YouTube videos about the SUS had moderate or good global quality, which was associated with their period of publication and choice of target audience.

Abstract The aims of this study were to perform an exploratory analysis of probable awake (AB) and sleep bruxism (SB) prevalence using of different diagnosis criteria based on the International Consensus; evaluate the associations between self-report and clinical signs/symptoms in adolescents. Participated in this cross-sectional study 403 adolescents aged 12- to 19-years-old enrolled in public and private schools from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire about sociodemographic status and adolescents’ health status. Adolescents answered a questionnaire evaluating AB (e.g., grinding and clenching) and SB (e.g., grinding, bracing, and thrusting) activities and frequent headaches. A clinical examination was performed on adolescents to evaluate bruxism clinical signs/symptoms (pain upon palpation on masseter and temporal, linea alba, indentation on the tongue and attrition wear severity). Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Qui-square test were performed (P≤0.05). Adolescents mean age was 14.3±1.5 years, and 58.1% were female. Self-report of SB was identified in 31% of participants and self-report of AB in 51.6%. Almost all adolescents (99%) presented at least one tooth with attrition wear (98.5% on enamel and 0.5% on dentin), with a mean number of 12.4±5.7 teeth. Depending on the diagnosis criteria, the prevalence of probable SB and AB varied from 0- 99% and 0.2- 99%, respectively. A high inconsistency was found for the prevalence of probable AB and SB in adolescents, which were influenced by the different clinical sings/symptoms used as diagnosis criteria. Frequent headaches and pain upon palpation on masseter and temporal muscle were associated to self-report of AB and SB among adolescents.

Resumo Os objetivos deste estudo foram realizar uma análise exploratória da prevalência de provável bruxismo em vigília (BV)e do sono (BS) utilizando diferentes critérios de diagnóstico baseados no Consenso Internacional; avaliar a associação entre o autorrelato e os sinais/sintomas clínicos em adolescentes. Participaram deste estudo transversal 403 adolescentes de 12 a 19 anos de idade matriculados em escolas públicas e privadas de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Os pais/responsáveis responderam um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos e estado de saúde dos adolescentes. Os adolescentes relataram atividades do BV (ranger e apertar) e BS (ranger, bracing e thrusting) e dores de cabeça frequentes. Um exame clínico foi realizado nos adolescentes para avaliar os sinais/sintomas clínicos do bruxismo (dor à palpação nos músculos masseter e temporal, marcas de endentação na língua e linha alba, desgaste dentário por atrição). Análises descritiva e teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson foram realizados (P≤0,05). A média de idade dos adolescentes foi de 14,3±1,5 anos e 58,1% eram do sexo feminino. O autorrelato de BS foi identificado em 31% dos participantes e o autorrelato do BV em 51,6%. Quase a totalidade dos adolescentes (99%) apresentaram pelo menos um dente com desgaste dentário (98,5% em esmalte; 0,5% em dentina), com média de 12,4±5,7 dentes acometidos. Dependendo do critério de diagnóstico, a prevalência do provável BS e BV variou de 0- 99% e 0,2- 99%, respectivamente. Uma grande inconsistência foi identificada na prevalência de provável BV e BS em adolescentes, que foram influenciadas pelos diferentes sinais/sintomas usados como critério de diagnóstico. Dores de cabeça frequentes e dor à palpação no masseter e temporal foram associados ao autorrelato de bruxismo em crianças e adolescentes.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la carga de enfermedades bucales y la enfermedad periodontal autorreportada de pacientes en tratamiento con anticoagulación oral con warfarina. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal. Los cuestionarios validados evaluaron la enfermedad periodontal autoinformada y las variables demográficas. Después de la calibración (Kappa> 0.80), un examinador evaluó la caries dental y la necesidad de prótesis dentales. El análisis estadístico involucró proporciones y medidas de tendencia central. Resultados: La muestra estuvo formada por 158 individuos, con una edad media de 58.8 años (DE = 12.1), de los cuales el 62.7% de los participantes eran mujeres. El índice CPOD promedio fue de 22.9 (DE = 7.6), siendo el componente perdido el que más contribuyó al índice (Media = 16.23). El uso de prótesis maxilar (53.2%) fue mayor que el de prótesis mandibular (32.3%). La necesidad de prótesis mandibular alcanzó el 66.5%. El porcentaje de participantes que informaron enfermedad de las encías, migración de los dientes y movilidad de los dientes fue del 29.6%, 37.4% y 30.4%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Las enfermedades bucales y la necesidad de rehabilitación oral entre los individuos sometidos a anticoagulación oral con warfarina fue motivo de preocupación.

ABSTRACT Aim: To describe the burden of oral diseases and of self-reported periodontal disease of patients under Oral Anticoagulation Therapy (OAT) with warfarin. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Validated questionnaires assessed self-reported periodontal disease and demographic variables. After calibration (Kappa > 0.80), an examiner evaluated dental caries and the need for dental prostheses. Statistical analysis involved proportions and measures of central tendency. Results: The sample consisted of 158 individuals, with a mean age of 58.8 years (SD = 12.1), of which 62.7% of the participants were women. The average DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index was 22.9 (SD = 7.6), with the missing component being the highest (Mean = 16.23). The use of maxillary prosthesis (53.2%) was higher than mandibular (32.3%). The need for mandibular prosthesis reached 66.5%. The percentage of participants that referred gum disease, tooth migration, and tooth mobility was 29.6%, 37.4%, and 30.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The burden of oral diseases among individuals undergoing OAT is worrisome.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess whether mothers’ sense of coherence (SOC) was a predictor of decline in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of preschoolers. A 3-year cohort study was conducted in Diamantina, Brazil. At baseline, 162 preschoolers aged one to three years were randomly selected from among children registered in local Primary Healthcare Units. In the first stage, mothers completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS), and the Brazilian short version of the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13). The total score obtained from the SOC-13 was used to select exposed and unexposed children. Clinical examinations were performed to detect the presence of dental caries, traumatic dental injury, and malocclusion. At follow-up, mothers completed the sociodemographic questionnaire and the B-ECOHIS again. The incidence of severe dental caries and adherence to the proposed treatment at baseline were evaluated. A decline in OHRQoL was considered if there was an increase in the B-ECOHIS score of at least one unit. The chi-square test and Poisson regression were performed. A total of 151 preschoolers participated in the study, among whom 37.7% showed a decline in OHRQoL. Mothers’ SOC was not associated with a negative impact on OHRQoL (RR = 1.24; 95%CI = 0.81–1.88), while the incidence of severe dental caries had a greater impact on the decline in OHRQoL (RR = 2.02; 95%CI = 1.29–3.16). Mothers’ low SOC was not a predictor of decline in the OHRQoL of preschoolers after a 3-year follow-up period. (SOC healthrelated health related (OHRQoL 3year year 3 Diamantina Brazil 16 Units stage BECOHIS, BECOHIS B ECOHIS , (B-ECOHIS) SOC13. SOC13 13 . (SOC-13) SOC-1 injury malocclusion followup, followup follow up, up again evaluated unit chisquare chi square 15 377 37 7 37.7 Mothers RR 1.24 124 1 24 95CI CI 95 0.81–1.88, 081188 0.81–1.88 0 81 88 0.81–1.88) 2.02 202 2 02 1.29–3.16. 129316 1.29–3.16 29 1.29–3.16) period (B-ECOHIS SOC1 (SOC-13 SOC- 37. 1.2 12 9 08118 0.81–1.8 8 2.0 20 12931 1.29–3.1 (SOC-1 1. 0811 0.81–1. 2. 1293 1.29–3. (SOC- 081 0.81–1 129 1.29–3 08 0.81– 1.29– 0.81 1.29 0.8 0.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the 100 most-cited papers in Dentistry, with a focus on female leadership in dental research. Papers were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS- CC) in the category ‘Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine’. Gender was assessed through WoS-CC, Scopus, ResearchGate, social media, institutional websites, and software that assigns gender according to first names (https://genderapi.io). Characteristics of authors in leadership roles were retrieved, such as affiliation, publication history, citations, H factor, and i500. The 100 most-cited papers in Dentistry were authored by 394 researchers, 326 (82.7%) men, and 68 (17.3%) women - there were 4.8 male authors for each female. Among the lead authors, there were 11.3 males for each female. Among female senior authors, there were 7 males for each female. Among lead/senior authors of the 100 most-cited papers (first and last authors, respectively), 18 were women. There was an increase in the participation of women in the top cited papers regardless of authorship role across the six decades, with a peak of two female authors in the first decade of the 21st century. For female authors in leadership roles, their publication history shows the time between their first and last papers in WoS-CC ranged from 4 to 42 years for lead authors and 1 to 39 years for senior authors. Women were found to be largely underrepresented as leaders of the 100 most-cited papers, highlighting pervasive gender inequalities in dental research publications.

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar os 100 artigos mais citados em Odontologia, com foco na liderança feminina na pesquisa odontológica. Os artigos foram identificados utilizando-se a base de dados Web of Science Core Collection (WoS-CC) na categoria ‘Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine’. O gênero dos autores foi avaliado por meio do WoS-CC, Scopus, ResearchGate, mídias sociais, sites institucionais e um software que atribui gênero de acordo com o primeiro nome (https://genderapi.io). As características dos autores em papéis de liderança foram identificadas, como afiliação, histórico de publicação, número de citações, fator H e i500. Os 100 trabalhos mais citados em Odontologia foram de autoria de 394 pesquisadores, sendo 326 (82,7%) homens e 68 (17,3%) mulheres - foram 4,8 autores homens para cada mulher. Entre os primeiros autores, havia 11,3 homens para cada mulher. Entre os últimos autores, havia 7 homens para cada mulher. Entre os primeiros/últimos autores dos 100 artigos mais citados, 18 eram mulheres. Houve um aumento na participação de mulheres nos artigos mais citados, independentemente do papel da autoria ao longo das seis décadas, com um pico de duas autoras na primeira década do século XXI. Para autoras em papéis de liderança, seu histórico de publicação mostra que o tempo entre o primeiro e o último artigo no WoS-CC variou de 4 a 42 anos para primeiro autor principais e de 1 a 39 anos para último autor. Verificou-se que as mulheres estão sub-representadas como líderes dos 100 artigos mais citados, destacando-se desigualdades de gênero generalizadas nas publicações em pesquisa odontológica.

Abstract: This study evaluated the association between socioeconomic factors and stages of dental caries in children one to five years of age. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 759 children enrolled in preschools in Diamantina, Brazil. The parents/caregivers filled out a form addressing socioeconomic factors. Add to the end of this sentence: and categorized in caries free (code 0 and 1), no obvious decay (code 2 and 3) and obvious decay (code 4, 5 and 6). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and multinomial regression. The prevalence of “no obvious decay” was higher among children from families with a larger number of income-dependent individuals (OR: 2.47; 95%CI: 1.41–4.31). The higher prevalence of “obvious decay” was associated with the child's age (OR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.16–1.58), attending a public preschool (OR: 2.38; 95%CI: 1.31–4.34), a larger number of income-dependent individuals (four to five individuals: OR: 1.71; 95%CI: 1.09–2.74; more than five individuals: OR: 3.41; 95%CI: 1.95–5.94), no access to a dentist (OR: 2.14; 95%CI: 1.48-3.09), and lower income (OR: 1.72; 95%CI: 1.19–-2.49). It was concluded that the variable of a larger number of income-dependent individuals was associated with both no obvious decay and obvious decay. Child's age, type of preschool, access to a dentist, and income were associated with obvious decay.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors, oral conditions and the impact of OHRQoL as possible risk indicators related to the incidence of untreated dental caries in preschool children two years after an initial examination. A prospective longitudinal study was performed with a sample of 288 preschool children allocated to two groups at baseline (T0): caries free (n = 144) and with untreated dental caries (n = 144). Untreated dental caries was determined through clinical examinations performed by a calibrated dentist at T0 (Kappa > 0,89) and T1 (two years after the baseline) (Kappa > 0,91) using the dmft criteria. Parents/caregivers answered a socioeconomic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) at T0 and T1. Mann-Whitney test and hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression models were used (95%CI, p < 0,05). The incidence of untreated dental caries was 41.3%. Low (RR = 1.63; 95%CI:1.18–2.26; p < 0.001) and high severity of untreated dental caries (RR = 1.92; 95%CI:1.36–2.72; p < 0.001), monthly household income less than two times the Brazilian minimum salary (RR = 1.79; 95%CI:1.04–3.25; p = 0.042) and overall B-ECOHIS score (RR = 1.03; 95%CI:1.02–1.05; p < 0.001) at T0 were risk indicators for the incidence of untreated dental caries among the preschool children. In conclusion, the incidence of untreated dental caries was high and the higher severity of untreated dental caries, the lower monthly income and the higher the B-ECOHIS score (indicating a negative impact on quality of life) were risk indicators to the developing of new lesions of untreated dental caries after 2 years.

Abstract: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the factors associated with the search by Brazilian and Portuguese dentists for oral health information on social networks during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 597 Brazilian and Portuguese dentists answered an online questionnaire between January 17 and 31, 2021. Respondents were asked about sociodemographic data, weight and height, hours of sleep per night, screen time for work and leisure, and where they sought information about general and/or oral health for themselves and for their loved ones and information about COVID-19. Descriptive statistics and binary regression were used for the statistical analysis. Most participants were Brazilian (62.8%) and 451 (75.5%) were female. Mean age was 42.1 years (± 12.5 years). For every lost hour of sleep, the chances of participants frequently or always searching for information about self-perceived oral health problems on lay websites increased by 1.33 times. For every additional hour spent on social networks or on the Internet, the likelihood of participants frequently searching for self-perceived oral health problems on lay websites increased by 17% (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.06–1.30). Individuals who searched the Internet for information about COVID-19 symptoms before consulting their doctors were 3.85 times more likely (95% CI: 2.22–6.67) to frequently or always search for information about self-perceived oral health problems on lay websites. Dentists used lay websites to search for general and oral health knowledge during the COVID-19 pandemic, and shorter sleep duration favored screen use.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a influência da cárie dentária não tratada e do status socioeconômico (SES) sobre o abandono escolar dos adolescentes. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte de seis anos de acompanhamento com uma amostra aleatória de adolescentes (12 anos de idade) avaliados inicialmente em 2012 em Santa Maria, Brasil. Sexo, status socioeconômico (educação da mãe e renda familiar) e cárie não tratada foram coletados no início do estudo. A variável de desfecho foi coletada no acompanhamento por meio do autorrelato e foi dividida em três categorias: adolescentes que apenas estudavam, aqueles que estudavam e trabalhavam e quem tinha abandonado a escola. Um modelo de regressão multinomial foi realizado para avaliar a influência da doença bucal e do SES sobre o abandono escolar, por meio da razão de risco relativo (RRR) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Dos 1.134 adolescentes avaliados no início do estudo, 768 participantes com idade média de 17,5 anos foram reavaliados no acompanhamento (taxa de resposta de 67,8%). Meninos (RRR: 2,31; IC 95%: 1,19- 4,48) e adolescentes com cárie não tratada no início do estudo tiveram um incremento no abandono escolar (RRR: 2,26; IC 95%: 1,12-4,56). Mães com baixa escolaridade (RRR: 2,24; IC95%: 1,09-4,61) tiveram maior probabilidade de ter filhos que abandonaram a escola. Cárie dentária não tratada e baixo SES no início da adolescência pode influenciar a tendência de evasão escolar.

Abstract The objective was assess the influence of untreated caries and socioeconomic status (SES) on school dropout among adolescents. A six-year cohort study was conducted with random sample of adolescents (12 years-old) who had been evaluated initially in 2012 from Santa Maria, Brazil. Sex, socioeconomic status (mother’s education and household income), and untreated caries were collected at the baseline. The outcome variable was collected at the follow-up through self-report and was divided into three categories: adolescents who only studied, who studied and employed, and who school dropouts. A multinomial regression model was performed to assess the influence of oral disease and SES on school leaving, through relative risk ratio (RRR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). From of 1,134 adolescents evaluated at the baseline, 768 participants with a mean age of 17.5 years were re-evaluated at follow-up (67.8% response rate). Male (RRR: 2.31; 95%CI: 1.19-4.48) and adolescents with untreated caries at the baseline had an increment in school-leaving (RRR: 2.26; 95%CI: 1.12-4.56). Mothers with low education (RRR: 2.24; 95%CI: 1.09-4.61) had a higher probability of having children who leave school. Untreated caries and low SES in early adolescence can influence the tendency to school dropouts.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of wearing palatal expanders on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children aged 8 to 10 years. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 35 children aged 8 to 10 years treated at the orthodontics and pediatric dentistry outpatient clinics affiliated with the Dental School. Children were divided in two groups: 17 were submitted to palatal expansion treatment (Group 1), while 18 just received coronal polishing and topical fluoride application (Group 2). The Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) was used to assess children’s OHRQoL. The questionnaire was administered before the expander was placed, at the end of its activation, and before its removal. Intervals between the interviews were similar in the two groups. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used for data analyses. Results: The overall CPQ8-10 score was not significantly different between the groups. The results show statistically significant differences between the two groups only for the functional limitations domain after activation of the appliance (p=0.001). Conclusion: Palatal expanders may negatively affect children's functions only during the initial wearing period.

Abstract Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a group of rare and inherited metabolic disorders caused by the accumulation of macromolecule glycosaminoglycans inside lysosomes. Affected individuals may have dental and craniofacial tissue alterations, facilitating the development of several oral diseases. Objectives To assess, with panoramic radiographic images, the frequency of dental and maxillomandibular incidental findings among MPS individuals and compare them with non-MPS individuals. Methodology A cross-sectional study evaluating a sample of 14 MPS individuals and 28 non-MPS individuals aged from 5 to 26 years was carried out. They were matched for sex and age on a 2:1 proportion. Panoramic radiographs were assessed for the presence/absence of the following dental and maxillomandibular alterations: dental anomalies of number (hypodontia/dental agenesis, supernumerary teeth); anomalies of form (microdontia, macrodontia, conoid teeth, taurodontism, and root dilaceration); anomalies of position (impacted tooth, inverted tooth, tooth migration, partially bony teeth, complete bony teeth); periapical alterations (furcation lesion, circumscribed bone rarefaction); other alterations (radiolucent bone lesions, radiopaque bone lesions, radiopacity in the maxillary sinus, condylar hypoplasia). Differences between groups were tested by the Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test (p<0.05). Results For intrarater agreement, Kappa values were 0.76 to 0.85. The presence of supernumerary teeth (p=0.003); conoid teeth (p=0.009); taurodontism (p<0.001); impacted teeth (p<0.001); partial bony teeth (p=0.040); complete bony teeth (p=0.013); and root dilaceration (p=0.047) were statistically more frequent in MPS individuals compared to non-MPS individuals. Bone rarefaction/furcation lesions (p=0.032), condylar hypoplasia (p<0.001), radiolucent bone lesions (p=0.001), and dentigerous cysts (p=0.002) were also more frequent in MPS individuals. Conclusion The presence of specific oral manifestations is more common in MPS individuals than non-MPS individuals.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the correlation between human development and dental caries in 12-year-old schoolchildren from the twenty-seven Brazilian states and to analyze the spatial distribution of these variables. Material and Methods: This was an ecological study using secondary data from the National Epidemiological Oral Health Survey 2010 and from the United Nations Development Program. Human development was measured by the Human Development Index (HDI) and dental caries by the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index (DMFT). Dental caries prevalence and experience at the age of 12, and state HDI were entered into Google Sheets® and Google My Maps® for map creation. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation (HDI and DMFT, DMFT individual components, prevalence of dental caries and prevalence of dental pain) (p<0.05). Results: Prevalence of dental caries ranged from 37.3% to 78.2% among the states. Dental caries was more prevalent in Rondônia (78.2%) and less prevalent in Santa Catarina (37.3%). Mean DMFT ranged from 1.06 to 4.81, with the highest value in Rondônia (4.81) and the lowest in Distrito Federal (1.06). HDI ranged from 0.631 (Alagoas) to 0.863 (Distrito Federal). There were negative correlations between HDI and dental caries (r=-0.504), dental caries experience (r=-0.459), decayed (r=-0.441) and missing (r=-0.441) components of the DMFT (p<0.05). Conclusion: Higher human development of the region lower dental caries experience and prevalence in 12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren.

Abstract: This study aimed to develop and validate the Malocclusion Impact Scale for Early Childhood (MIS-EC), a malocclusion-specific measure of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children aged 3-5 years and their parents/caregivers. A pool of items was analysed to identify those relevant to the assessment of the impact of malocclusion on OHRQoL. Dental professionals and mothers of children with and without malocclusion rated the importance of these items. The final version of the MIS-EC was evaluated in a cross-sectional study comprising 381 parents of children aged 3–5 years to assess construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Twenty-two items were identified from item pooling. After item reduction, eight items were chosen to constitute the MIS-EC, in addition to two general questions. The MIS-EC demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.79 for the Child Impact section and 0.53 for the Family Impact section), and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.94), floor effect was 55.7% and ceiling effect 0%. MIS-EC scores indicating worse OHRQoL were significantly associated with the presence of malocclusion (p < 0.05). The MIS-EC is reliable and valid for assessing the impact of malocclusion on the OHRQoL of preschool children and their parents/caregivers.