Abstract Adsorption isotherms have been used to evaluate nutrients in soil. The soils of the Argentinean Pampas have been considered well-endowed with bases, although there is evidence of their decrease caused by agricultural activities without replacement of nutrients such as calcium (Ca). The objective was to adjust adsorption isotherms and dosage equations of Ca in agroproductive soils of Buenos Aires. Bellocq, Inchausti and Belgrano soils were weighed and solutions with different Ca concentrations were added. The equilibrium concentration was determined after stabilization and the results were adjusted according to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Van Huay and Temkin isotherms and equations of dosage. The Van Huay isotherm was able to predict with high degrees of adjustment in the three sites (R2>0.98) and only the Freundlich equation was adjusted to Bellocq. The dosage equations were adjusted in all the soils, in a first segment with quadratic equations and in a second segment with linear equations. The Belgrano soil differed from the other sites in the parameters of the Van Huay equation, suggesting a greater affinity with the colloids and a greater reserve of the nutrient in the short term, associated with its higher content of CO, CEC and possibly, P. The results found could be compared with studies carried out in K and/or in tropical soils. These studies suggest the possibility of using adsorption isotherms and dosage equations as tools for decision-making in fertilization in soils of Buenos Aires.

Resumen Las isotermas de adsorción se han utilizado para evaluar disponibilidad de nutrientes en suelo. Los suelos de la Región Pampeana se han considerado bien dotados de bases, aunque hay evidencias sobre su disminución causada por actividades agropecuarias sin reposición de nutrientes como calcio (Ca). El objetivo fue ajustar isotermas de adsorción y ecuaciones de dosificación de Ca en suelos agroproductivos de Buenos Aires. Se pesaron suelos de Bellocq, Inchausti y Belgrano y se agregaron soluciones con diferentes concentraciones de Ca. Se determinó la concentración en el equilibrio luego de su estabilización y se ajustaron los resultados según las isotermas de Langmuir, Freundlich, Van Huay y Temkin y ecuaciones de dosificación. La isoterma de Van Huay logró predecir con elevados grados de ajuste en los tres sitios (R2>0,98) y solamente la ecuación de Freundlich se ajustó a Bellocq. Las ecuaciones de dosificación se ajustaron en todos los suelos, en un primer segmento con ecuaciones cuadráticas y en un segundo segmento con ecuaciones lineales. El suelo de Belgrano se diferenció de los restantes sitios en los parámetros de la ecuación de Van Huay, sugiriendo una mayor afinidad con los coloides y mayor reserva del nutriente en el corto plazo, asociado a su mayor contenido de CO, CIC y P. Los resultados encontrados pudieron ser comparado con estudios realizados en K y/o en suelos tropicales. Estos estudios sugieren la posibilidad de utilizar las isotermas de adsorción y ecuaciones de dosificación como herramientas para la toma de decisiones en fertilización en suelos de Buenos Aires.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the tissue content of neutral and acidic mucins, sulfomucins and sialomucins in colonic glands devoid of intestinal transit after enemas containing sucralfate and n-acetylcysteine alone or in combination. Methods: Sixty-four rats underwent intestinal transit bypass. A colonic segment was collected to compose the white group (without intervention). After derivation, the animals were divided into two groups according to whether enemas were performed daily for two or four weeks. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups according to the substance used: control group: saline 0.9%; sucralfate group (SCF): SCF 2 g/kg/day; n-acetylcysteine group (NAC): NAC 100 mg/kg/day; and SCF+NAC group: SCF 2 g/kg/day + NAC 100 mg/kg/day.Neutral and acidic mucins were stained by periodic acid-Schiff and alcian-blue techniques, respectively. The distinction between sulfomucins and sialomucin was made by the high alcian-blue iron diamine technique. The content of mucins in the colonic glands was measured by computerized morphometry. The inflammatory score was assessed using a validated scale. The results between the groups were compared by the Mann-Whitney’s test, while the variation according to time by the Kruskal-Wallis’ test (Dunn’s post-test). A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: There was reduction in the inflammatory score regardless of the application of isolated or associated substances. Intervention with SCF+NAC increased the content of all mucin subtypes regardless of intervention time. Conclusions: The application of SCF+NAC reduced the inflammatory process of the colonic mucosa and increased the content of different types of mucins in the colonic glands of segments excluded from fecal transit. Purpose nacetylcysteine n acetylcysteine combination Methods Sixtyfour Sixty bypass without intervention. . intervention) derivation weeks used 0.9% 09 0 9 (SCF) gkgday g kg day (NAC) 10 mg/kg/day mgkgday mg SCFNAC mgkgdayNeutral Neutral acidSchiff acid Schiff alcianblue alcian blue techniques respectively technique morphometry scale MannWhitneys Mann Whitney s KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis Kruskal-Wallis Dunns Dunn posttest. posttest post post-test) 5 adopted Results substances Conclusions 0.9 (SCF (NAC 1 post-test 0.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract and the third most common type of cancer worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic, during the years 2020 and 2022, increased the difficulties in offering adequate early diagnosis and treatment to CRC patients worldwide. During this period, it was only possible to treat patients who evolved with complications, mainly intestinal obstruction and perforation. AIMS: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the treatment of patients with CRC. METHODS: A review of data from a total of 112 patients undergoing emergency surgical treatment due to complications of CRC was carried out. Of these, 78 patients underwent emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020/2021), and 34 were treated before the pandemic (2018/2019). Ethnic aspects, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, histopathological variables, intra and postoperative complications, and 90-day postoperative follow-up were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Between the years 2018 and 2019, 79.4% (27/34) of patients had intestinal obstruction, while 20.6% (7/34) had intestinal perforation. During the period of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020/2021), 1.3% (1/78) of patients underwent surgery due to gastrointestinal bleeding, 6.4% (5/78) due to intestinal perforation, and 92.3% (72/78) due to intestinal obstruction. No statistically significant differences were recorded between the two groups in ethnic aspects, laboratory tests, type of complications, number of lymph nodes resected, compromised lymph nodes, TNM staging, pre or intraoperative complications, length of stay, readmission, or mortality rate. When considering postoperative tumor staging, among patients operated on in 2018/2019, 44.1% were classified as stage III and 38.2% as stage IV, while during the pandemic period, 28.2% presented stage III and 51.3% stage IV, also without a statistically significant difference between the two periods. Patients operated on during the pandemic had higher rates of vascular, lymphatic and perineural invasion. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the rate of complications related to CRC when comparing patients treated before and during the pandemic. Furthermore, it had a negative impact on histopathological variables, causing worse oncological prognoses in patients undergoing emergency surgery. BACKGROUND (CRC worldwide COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 202 2022 perforation AIMS METHODS 11 out these 7 2020/2021, 20202021 2020/2021 , 2021 (2020/2021) 3 2018/2019. 20182019 2018/2019 . 2019 (2018/2019) aspects symptoms tests variables 90day day 90 followup follow up RESULTS 201 794 79 4 79.4 27/34 2734 27 (27/34 206 20 6 20.6 7/34 734 (7/34 13 1 1.3 1/78 178 (1/78 bleeding 64 6.4 5/78 578 5 (5/78 923 92 92.3 72/78 7278 72 (72/78 resected staging stay readmission 441 44 44.1 382 38 2 38.2 IV 282 28 28.2 513 51 51.3 periods vascular invasion CONCLUSIONS Furthermore COVID1 COVID- 2020202 2020/202 (2020/2021 2018201 2018/201 (2018/2019 9 79. 27/3 273 (27/3 20. 7/3 73 (7/3 1. 1/7 17 (1/7 6. 5/7 57 (5/7 92. 72/7 727 (72/7 44. 38. 28. 51. 202020 2020/20 (2020/202 201820 2018/20 (2018/201 27/ (27/ 7/ (7/ 1/ (1/ 5/ (5/ 72/ (72/ 20202 2020/2 (2020/20 20182 2018/2 (2018/20 (27 (7 (1 (5 (72 2020/ (2020/2 2018/ (2018/2 (2 ( (2020/ (2018/ (2020 (2018 (202 (201 (20

RESUMO RACIONAL: O câncer colorretal (CCR) é a doença maligna mais comum do trato gastrointestinal sendo o terceiro tipo de câncer mais comum em todo o mundo. A pandemia de COVID-19 durante os anos de 2020 e 2022 aumentou as dificuldades em se oferecer diagnóstico e tratamento precoce adequado aos pacientes com CCR em todo o mundo. Nesse período, só foi possível tratar os pacientes que evoluíram com complicações representadas, principalmente, pela obstrução e perfuração intestinal. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 no tratamento de pacientes com CCR. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma revisão dos dados de um total de 112 pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico de urgência devido complicações do CCR. Destes, 78 pacientes foram submetidos a cirurgia de emergência durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19 (2020/2021), e 34 pacientes foram operados no período anterior à pandemia (2018/2019). Aspectos étnicos, sintomas clínicos, exames laboratoriais, variáveis histopatológicas, complicações intra e pós-operatórias e acompanhamento pós-operatório de 90 dias foram analisados comparando os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: Entre os anos 2018 e 2019, 79,4% (27/34) dos pacientes apresentaram obstrução intestinal enquanto 20,6% (7/34) perfuração intestinal. Durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19 (2020/2021) 1,3% (1/78) dos pacientes foram operados por hemorragia digestiva baixa, 6,4% (5/78) por perfuração intestinal e 92,3% (72/78) por obstrução intestinal. Não foram registradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos nos aspectos étnicos, exames laboratoriais, tipo de complicações, número de linfonodos ressecados, linfonodos comprometidos, estadiamento TNM, complicações pré ou intraoperatórias, tempo de internação, readmissão e taxa de mortalidade. Ao considerar o estadiamento tumoral pós-operatório, entre os pacientes operados em 2018/19, 44,1% foram classificados como estágio III e 38,2% como estágio IV, enquanto no período pandêmico, 28,2% apresentaram estágio III e 51,3% estágio IV, também sem diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois períodos. Doentes operados durante a pandemia apresentaram maiores índices de invasão vascular, linfática e perineural. CONCLUSÕES: A pandemia de COVID-19 aumentou as taxas de complicações relacionadas ao CCR, comparando pacientes tratados antes e durante a pandemia. Além disso, teve impacto negativo nas variáveis histopatológicas, causando piores prognósticos oncológicos em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias de emergência. RACIONAL (CCR mundo COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 202 representadas principalmente OBJETIVOS MÉTODOS 11 Destes 7 2020/2021, 20202021 2020/2021 , 2021 3 2018/2019. 20182019 2018/2019 . 2019 (2018/2019) étnicos clínicos laboratoriais histopatológicas pósoperatórias pós operatórias pósoperatório operatório 9 RESULTADOS 201 794 79 4 79,4 27/34 2734 27 (27/34 206 20 6 20,6 7/34 734 (7/34 (2020/2021 13 1 1,3 1/78 178 (1/78 baixa 64 6,4 5/78 578 5 (5/78 923 92 92,3 72/78 7278 72 (72/78 ressecados comprometidos TNM intraoperatórias internação mortalidade pósoperatório, operatório, 201819 2018/19 441 44 44,1 382 38 2 38,2 IV pandêmico 282 28 28,2 513 51 51,3 períodos vascular perineural CONCLUSÕES disso COVID1 COVID- 2020202 2020/202 2018201 2018/201 (2018/2019 79, 27/3 273 (27/3 20, 7/3 73 (7/3 (2020/202 1, 1/7 17 (1/7 6, 5/7 57 (5/7 92, 72/7 727 (72/7 20181 2018/1 44, 38, 28, 51, 202020 2020/20 201820 2018/20 (2018/201 27/ (27/ 7/ (7/ (2020/20 1/ (1/ 5/ (5/ 72/ (72/ 2018/ 20202 2020/2 20182 2018/2 (2018/20 (27 (7 (2020/2 (1 (5 (72 2020/ (2018/2 (2 ( (2020/ (2018/ (2020 (2018 (202 (201 (20

ABSTRACT Purpose Quantify the tissue content of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and collagen in colic mucosa with and without intestinal transit after infliximab administration in rats subjected to Hartmann’s surgery. Methods Twenty-two rats underwent colon diversion by Hartmann’s surgery. Animals were maintained with intestinal bypass for 12 weeks to induce development of diversion colitis (DC). Afterwards, animals were divided into three groups: first group received subcutaneous application of saline solution (SS) 0.9%, while the remaining two groups received infliximab subcutaneously at doses of 5 or 10 mg·kg–1·week–1 for five consecutive weeks. After the intervention, animals were sacrificed, removing the segments with and without intestinal transit. Diversion colitis was diagnosed by histological study, and its intensity was determined by a validated inflammatory scale. Tissue expression of MMP-9 was assessed byimmunohistochemistry, while total collagen was assessed by histochemistry. Tissue content of both was measuredby computerized morphometry. Results Colon segments without intestinal transit had a higher degree of inflammation, which improved in animals treated with infliximab. Collagen content was always lower in those without intestinal transit. There was an increase in the collagen content in the colon without transit in animals treated with infliximab, primarily at a dose of 10 mg·kg–1·week–1. There was an increase in the content of MMP-9 in the colon without fecal transit, and a reduction was observed in animals treated with infliximab, regardless of the dose used. Conclusions Application of infliximab reduces inflammation, increases the total collagen content and decreases the content of MMP-9 in the colon without intestinal transit.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effects of sucralfate enemas in tissue contents of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in an experimental diversion colitis. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were submitted to a proximal colostomy and a distal mucous fistula. They were allocated into three groups: first group received daily saline enemas (2 mL/day) and the two other groups daily enemas with sucralfate at dosage of 1 or 2 g/kg/day, respectively. Six animals of each group were euthanized after two weeks and six animals after four weeks. The inflammation of the excluded mucosa was evaluated by histological analysis. The oxidative damage was quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde tissue levels. The expression of E-cadherin and ?-catenin was identified by immunohistochemistry, and its contents were quantified by computer-assisted image analysis. Results: Sucralfate enemas reduced inflammation in animals subjected to treatment with 2 g/kg/day by four weeks, and the levels of oxidative damage in mucosa without fecal stream irrespective of concentration and time of intervention. E-cadherin and ?-catenin content increased in segments without fecal stream in those animals subjected to treatment with sucralfate. Conclusions: Sucralfate reduces the inflammation and oxidative stress and increases the tissue content of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in colonic mucosa devoid to the fecal stream.

RESUMO - RACIONAL: O estresse oxidativo é um dos principais mecanismos associados à ruptura dos mecanismos de defesa que formam a barreira epitelial cólica e reduz o conteúdo tecidual das proteínas claudina-3 e ocludina principais constituintes das junções de oclusão intercelulares. O sucralfato, possui atividade antioxidante e tem sido usado para tratar diferentes formas de colite. OBJETIVO: Mensurar o conteúdo tecidual de claudina-3 e ocludina da mucosa do cólon sem trânsito fecal, submetido à intervenção com sucralfato. MÉTODO: Trinta e seis ratos foram submetidos à colostomia do cólon esquerdo e fístula mucosa distal. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a eutanásia ser realizada duas ou quatro semanas após a intervenção. Cada grupo foi dividido em três subgrupos de acordo com o tipo de intervenção realizada diariamente: solução salina isolada; sucralfato a 1 g/kg/dia ou sucralfato a 2g/kg/dia. A colite foi diagnosticada por análise histológica adotando escala de validação prévia. A expressão tecidual de ambas as proteínas foi identificada por imunoistoquímica. O conteúdo das proteínas foi quantificado por análise de imagem assistida por computador. RESULTADOS: O escore inflamatório foi maior nos segmentos cólicos sem trânsito fecal e os enemas com sucralfato reduziram o escore inflamatório nesses segmentos, principalmente nos animais submetidos à intervenção com sucralfato em maior concentração e por período mais longo de intervenção. Houve aumento no conteúdo tecidual das proteínas claudina-3 e ocludina, relacionado com a concentração de sucralfato. O conteúdo tecidual de ambas as proteínas não se modificou com a duração da intervenção. CONCLUSÃO: Enemas com sucralfato reduzem a inflamação e aumentam o conteúdo tecidual de claudina-3 e ocludina na mucosa cólica sem trânsito intestinal.

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms associated with the rupture of the defense mechanisms of the colonic epithelial barrier; it reduces the tissue content of the claudin-3 and occludin proteins, which are the main constituents of intercellular tight junctions. Sucralfate (SCF) has antioxidant activity and has been used to treat different forms of colitis. AIM: This study aimed to measure the tissue claudin-3 and occludin content of the colon mucosa without fecal transit, subjected to intervention with SCF. METHODS: Thirty-six rats were subjected to left colon colostomy and distal mucous fistula. They were divided into two groups according to euthanasia that was performed 2 or 4 weeks after the intervention. Each group was divided into three subgroups according to the enema applied daily: saline alone, SCF at 1 g/kg/day, or SCF at 2 g/kg/day. Colitis was diagnosed by the histological analysis adopting the previous validate scale. The tissue expression of both proteins was identified by immunohistochemical technique. The content of proteins was quantified by computer-assisted image analysis. RESULTS: The inflammatory score was high in colonic segments without fecal transit, and enemas with SCF reduced the inflammatory score in these segments, mainly in those animals submitted to intervention with SCF in greater concentration and for a longer period of intervention. There was an increase in tissue content of claudin-3 and occludin, related to SCF concentration. The tissue content of both proteins was not related to the intervention time. CONCLUSION: Enemas with SCF reduced the inflammation and increased the tissue content of claudin-3 and occludin in colonic mucosa without fecal stream.

RESUMO - RACIONAL: A etiopatogenia da colite por desuso (DC) ainda não foi totalmente elucidada. As principais teorias consideram que a doença pode estar relacionada ao aumento de bactérias anaeróbias, falta de suprimento de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) e distúrbios imunológicos que se desenvolvem em segmentos colorretais desprovidos de trânsito fecal. OBJETIVO: Verificar se a aplicação de infliximabe modifica o conteúdo tecidual das proteínas E-caderina e claudina-3 no epitélio cólico de ratos sem trânsito intestinal. MÉTODOS: Vinte dois ratos foram submetidos a derivação do trânsito intestinal pelo procedimento de Hartmann. Eles permaneceram com o ostoma por 12 semanas para permitir o desenvolvimento da colite de exclusão. Em seguida, foram divididos em três grupos experimentais: seis animais receberam 2,0 ml de solução salina/semana, oito infliximabe na dose de 5 mg/Kg/semana e, os demais, infliximabe na dose de 10 mg/Kg/semana por 5 semanas consecutivas. Em seguida, os animais foram eutanasiados e os segmentos cólicos com e sem trânsito intestinal foram removidos. A colite por desuso foi diagnosticada pelas alterações histológicas definidas por uma escala previamente validada. Expressão tecidual de E-caderina e claudina-3 foi avaliada por imuno-histoquímica, e o conteúdo tecidual de ambas as proteínas foi quantificado por análise de imagem assistida por computador. RESULTADOS: Segmentos cólicos exclusos de trânsito fecal apresentaram maior grau de inflamação do que os expostos ao trânsito fecal. Inflamação foi menor nos animais tratados com infliximabe, independente da dose utilizada. Níveis de E-caderina e claudina-3 estavam reduzidos no cólon excluso. O tratamento com infliximabe aumentou os níveis das proteínas em segmentos do cólon sem trânsito intestinal, principalmente nos animais que receberam a dose de 10mg/kg/semana. CONCLUSÃO: Infliximabe reduz inflamação nos segmentos do cólon excluso e aumenta o conteúdo tecidual de E-caderina e claudina-3, especialmente na concentração de 10mg/kg/semana.

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: The etiopathogenesis of disuse colitis (DC) has not yet been fully elucidated. The main theories consider that the disease may be related to an increase in anaerobic bacteria, the lack of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) supply, and immunological disorders that develop in the colorectal segments devoid of fecal transit. AIM: The aim of this study was to verify whether the application of infliximab modifies the tissue content of E-cadherin and claudin-3 proteins in colonic epithelium of rats devoid of intestinal transit. METHODS: A total of 22 rats underwent intestinal transit bypass using Hartmann’s procedure. They remained with the shunt for 12 weeks to allow the development of DC. Later, they were divided into three experimental groups: six animals received 2.0 mL saline solution/week, eight received infliximab at a dose of 5 mg/kg/week, and eight received infliximab at a dose of 10 mg/kg/week for 5 consecutive weeks. At the end of this period, the animals were euthanized, and the colonic segments with and without intestinal transit were removed. DC was diagnosed based on the histological changes defined by a previously validated scale. The tissue expression of E-cadherin and claudin-3 was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and the tissue content of both proteins was quantified by computer-aided image analysis. RESULTS: The colonic segments excluded from fecal transit showed a higher degree of inflammation than those exposed to fecal transit. The degree of inflammation was lower in animals treated with infliximab, regardless of the dose used. The levels of E-cadherin and claudin-3 were reduced in the excluded colon. Treating animals with infliximab increased the levels of both proteins in the colonic segments without intestinal transit, especially in animals receiving a dose of 10 mg/kg/week. CONCLUSION: Infliximab therapy reduces inflammation in the colonic segments excluded from intestinal transit and increases the tissue content of E-cadherin and claudin-3 proteins, especially when used at a concentration of 10 mg/kg/week.

Resumo Objetivo: Realizar um estudo de reprodutibilidade do ângulo clivocanal (ACC), ângulo basal de Welcker (ABW) e distância do odontoide à linha de Chamberlain (DOLC) em ressonância magnética (RM). Materiais e Métodos: Quatro examinadores, dois graduandos de medicina e dois radiologistas, avaliaram, respectivamente, 100 e 50 indivíduos adultos submetidos a RM de crânio, consecutiva e aleatoriamente. Cada um realizou duas leituras para cada paciente em diferentes ocasiões, de forma cega e independente. As análises de concordância intraobservador e interobservador foram realizadas pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI), com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: As medidas médias, considerando todos os examinadores, foram: ACC = 150°, ABW = 130°, DOLC = 2,5 mm. A análise interobservador entre os estudantes revelou CCI de 0,980, 0,935 e 0,967 para ACC, ABW e DOLC, respectivamente, e para os radiologistas, CCI de 0,977, 0,941 e 0,982, respectivamente. A análise interobservador entre estudantes e radiologistas revelou CCI de 0,980, 0,992 e 0,990, respectivamente. Em relação à análise intraobservador, as medidas do ACC tiveram CCI variando entre 0,929 e 0,959, ABW entre 0,918 e 0,964 e DOLC entre 0,918 e 0,981. Conclusão: ACC, ABW e DOLC obtiveram excelentes reprodutibilidades intraobservador e interobservador na RM.

Abstract Objective: The present study aims to perform a reproducibility study of the clivus-canal angle (CCA), Welcker’s basal angle (WBA), and the distance from the odontoid process to Chamberlain’s line (DOCL) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Two medical students and two radiologists respectively evaluated 100 and 50 consecutive MRI scans of adult skulls, selected randomly. Each examiner, working independently and blinded to the previous results, performed readings for each patient on two different occasions. Measurements were performed in T1-weighted sequences acquired in the midsagittal plane. The levels of intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver agreement were evaluated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: The mean values obtained by the examiners were 150° for the CCA, 130° for the WBA, and 2.5 mm for the DOCL. The ICC for interobserver agreement was 0.980, 0.935, and 0.967, for the CCA, WBA, and DOCL, respectively, for the students, compared with 0.977, 0.941, and 0.982, respectively, for the radiologists, and 0.980, 0.992, and 0.990, respectively, for all of the examiners together. In the analysis of intraobserver agreement, the ICC ranged from 0.929 to 0.959 for the CCA, from 0.918 to 0.964 for the WBA, and from 0.918 to 0.981 for the DOCL. Conclusion: The measurement of the CCA, WBA, and DOCL appears to show excellent intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver agreement on MRI.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of infliximab on the inflammation of the colonic mucosa devoid from fecal stream. Methods: Twenty-four rats were submitted to a Hartmann's procedure. They remained for 12 weeks with the fecal derivation to development of diversion colitis on excluded colorectal stump. After this period, they were divided into 3 groups: one group received intervention with saline (2.0 mL / week), other group infliximab at doses of 5 mg/kg/week and the other 10 mg/kg/week for five consecutively weeks. Concluded the intervention period, the animals were euthanized to remove colon segments with and without fecal stream. Colitis was diagnosed by histological analysis and the degree of inflammation by validated score. The neutrophilic infiltrate was evaluated by tissue expression of myeloperoxidase identified by immunohistochemical. The tissue content of myeloperoxidase was measured by computer-assisted image analysis. Results: The inflammatory score was high in colonic segments without fecal stream. The intervention with infliximab reduced the inflammatory score in excluded colonic segments. The content of myeloperoxidase was reduced in colonic segments of animals treated with infliximab mainly in high concentrations. Conclusion: Intervention with infliximab reduced the inflammation and the neutrophil infiltrate in colonic segments devoid of the fecal stream.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the inflammatory reaction and measure the content of mucins, in the colonic mucosa without fecal stream submit to intervention with mesalazine. Methods: Twenty-four rats were submitted to a left colostomy and a distal mucous fistula and divided into two groups according to euthanasia to be performed two or four weeks. Each group was divided into two subgroups according daily application of enemas containing saline or mesalazine at 1.0 g/kg/day. Colitis was diagnosed by histological analysis and the inflammatory reaction by validated score. Acidic mucins and neutral mucins were determined with the alcian-blue and periodic acid of Schiff techniques, respectively. Sulfomucin and sialomucin were identified by high iron diamine-alcian blue technique. The tissue contents of mucins were quantified by computer-assisted image analysis. Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the results establishing the level of significance of 5%. Results: Enemas with mesalazine in colonic segments without fecal stream decreased the inflammation score and increased the tissue content of all subtypes of mucins. The increase of tissue content of neutral, acid and sulfomucin was related to the time of intervention. Conclusion: Mesalazine enemas reduce the inflammatory process and preserve the content of mucins in colonic mucosa devoid of fecal stream.

Abstract Purpose To identify whether the colon mucosa is affected by ten days of gastric restriction in an animal model. Methods An experimental model of gastric restriction was devised using rats. The animals were submitted to surgical gastrostomy, and a cylindrical loofah was inserted into the stomach. We studied 30 adult male Wistar rats divided into three groups: the stomach restriction group (R10); the sham group (S10), which underwent the same procedure except for the loofah insertion; and the control group (C10). The expression of neutral and acid mucins was evaluated using histochemical techniques. Goblet cells and protein content were compared between groups using generalized estimation equations (GEEs). Bonferroni’s multiple comparison was applied to identify differences between the groups. All tests considered a 5% significance level. Results There was an increased expression of neutral mucins, acid mucins and goblet cells in the R10 group. Collagen was also enhanced in the R10 group. Conclusion The colon mucosa is affected by ten days of gastric restriction in an animal model, increasing neutral mucins, acid mucins and collagen content with trophic maintenance.

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo: analisar o conteúdo da produção de literatura sobre a prática de estágio supervisionado em psicologia clínica, com orientação psicanalítica e refletir acerca de suas dificuldades e desafios. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura sistemática de artigos publicados sobre o tema, nas bases de dados Scielo, BVS-Psi e Portal de Periódicos CAPES, através dos descritores ‘estágio, psicologia clínica, psicanálise e clínica-escola’. Após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados 26 artigos, o que possibilitou verificar que essa experiência não é sem consequência para pacientes, estagiários e supervisores. Conclui-se que na formação do psicólogo clínico de orientação psicanalítica, trata-se de suportar e assentir com a posição ética, teórica e técnica da psicanálise na condução do trabalho clínico.

ABSTRACT This study aims to: analyze the content of the production of literature on the stage of supervised practice in clinical psychology, with psychoanalytic guidance, and reflect on its difficulties and challenges. It is a systematic literature review of articles published on the subject in the Scielo databases, BVS-Psi and Journals Portal CAPES, through the 'traineeship, clinical psychology, psychoanalysis and Clinical School' descriptors. After applying the exclusion criteria, 26 articles were selected, which enabled us to verify that this experience has consequences for patients, trainees, and supervisors. It concluded that the formation of clinical with psychoanalytic guidance refers above all, to bear up and consent with an ethical, theoretical, and technical psychoanalytic position in order to conduct the clinical work.

RESUMO De modo a determinar o potencial energético dos combustíveis florestais em cultivos de Pinus elliottii, foi analisada a melhor época de coleta deste material em função da umidade, disponibilidade, Poder Calorífico Superior (PCS) e composição química imediata, em parcelas estabelecidas e monitoradas durante um ano na estação experimental de Rio Negro, estado do Paraná. No delineamento experimental, as estações do ano (inverno, verão, primavera e outono) foram consideradas blocos, enquanto as seguintes classes de diâmetro do material combustível os tratamentos: AA, na camada superior; AB, na camada intermediária; AC, na camada inferior, todas com material de diâmetro até 0,7 cm; e a B, com material de 0,71 a 2,5 cm. No campo, foi determinada a massa (base úmida) do material coletado nas subparcelas de 900 cm2 e posteriormente levadas ao laboratório da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), no qual se procederam as análises referentes à umidade (base seca), Poder Calorífico Superior (PCS) e composição química imediata. Foi recorrido à análise de variância (ANOVA) e ao Teste de Tukey para comparação das épocas (blocos) e das diferentes classes de material combustível (tratamentos). Com baixo teor de umidade e maior quantidade de material disponível, observou-se pelo teste de médias, para todas as classes de material, que o inverno foi a melhor época de coleta. Para a mesma época de coleta foi possível observar pelo PCS e análise da composição química imediata que as médias das classes AA e B foram estatisticamente superiores em relação às demais. A manta apresentou densidade energética considerável (12.275,42.105 kcal.ha-1) para conversão em bioenergia. Pelos resultados do presente estudo observou-se que existe potencial para aproveitamento de resíduos florestais como fonte de energia limpa e renovável.

ABSTRACT In order to determine the potential energy of forest fuels in Pinus elliottii stands, we investigated the best season to collect fuel material considering fuel availability, moisture content, Higher Calorific Value (HCV) and immediate chemical composition, from the plots established and monitored during one year at Rio Negro Research station, Paraná state, Brazil. The year’s seasons (winter, summer, spring and autumn) were considered as experimental blocks while the diameter of the materials (AA, AB and AC) as treatments. These treatments were pre-defined in the following diameter classes: AA, in the upper layer; AB, in the intermediate layer; AC, in the lower layer, all materials up to 0,7 cm; and B, with material of 0.71 to 2.5 cm. The fuel material of all year’s seasons was collected in sub plots of 900 cm2, weighted in the field and taken to the laboratory of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) to carry out the rest of analyzes including: moisture on the dry basis, fuel availability, Higher Calorific Value (HCV) and immediate chemical composition. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were performed to compare the differences between seasons and material classes. Together with low moisture content and greater fuel availability, the mean test showed that, for all material classes, the winter was the best season to collect forest fuel material of Pinus elliottii stands. The results also showed that, for immediate composition and HCV, the mean class AA and B were statistically superior than the other classes. The fuel loading had a considerable density of energetic (12,275.42.105 kcal. ha-1) for bioenergy conversion and utilization.

RESUMO Muitos fungos habitantes do solo acometem a lavoura meloeira, dentre estes, destaca-se o Myrothecium roridum que prejudica várias partes da planta, inclusive a semente. O presente trabalho estudou o efeito da inoculação de M. roridum sobre a germinação de sementes e crescimento de plântulas de acessos/cultivares de meloeiro, visando identificar genótipos com menor sensibilidade. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizados com quatro repetições em fatorial 38 x 2, em que o primeiro fator correspondeu aos acessos/cultivares, com 38 níveis, e o segundo, a inoculação, com dois níveis: com e sem inoculação. Foram avaliadas as características relativas à germinação (porcentagem e velocidade de emergência) e ao crescimento da plântula (altura, diâmetro do colo, peso seco da plântula e índice de área foliar). O fungo M. roridum afetou de forma negativa, a germinação, a velocidade de emergência e o desenvolvimento de plântulas dos acessos de meloeiro. Os acessos com menor sensibilidade ao fungo M. roridum foram A-6, A-8, A-19, A-22, A-39 e A-45.

ABSTRACT A large number of soilborne fungi affect melon crop, among which the species Myrothecium roridum is highlighted for attacking various parts of the plant, including the seed. The present study investigated the effect of Myrothecium roridum inoculation on seed germination and seedling growth of melon accessions/cultivars in order to identify the least sensitive genotypes. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with four replicates in 38 x 2 factorial arrangement, in which the first factor corresponded to the accessions/cultivars, with 38 levels, while the second factor, inoculation, had two levels: with and without inoculation. The evaluated traits were related to germination (emergence percentage and rate) and seedling growth (height, collar diameter, seedling dry weight and leaf area index). The fungus M. roridum negatively affected the germination, emergence rate and seedling development of melon accessions. The accessions with least sensitivity to the fungus M. roridum were: A-6, A-8, A-19, A-22, A-39 and A-45.

RESUMO Racional: Os efeitos da aplicação tópica de sucralfato (SCF) no conteúdo tecidual da proteína mucina-2 (MUC-2) ainda não foram avaliados em modelos experimentais de colite de exclusão. Objetivo: Mensurar o conteúdo tecidual da proteína MUC-2 na mucosa cólica sem trânsito intestinal submetida à intervenção com SCF. Método: Trinta e seis ratos foram submetidos à derivação intestinal por colostomia proximal terminal e fístula mucosa distal. Foram divididos em três grupos segundo recebessem clisteres contendo solução fisiológica (SF), SCF 1 g/kg/dia e SCF 2 g/kg/dia. Cada grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos, segundo a eutanásia ser realizada após duas ou quatro semanas. O diagnóstico de colite foi estabelecido por estudo histopatológico e a intensidade inflamatória foi avaliada por escala validada. A expressão tecidual da MUC-2 foi identificada por imunoistoquímica e seu conteúdo mensurado por morfometria computadorizada. Resultados: A aplicação de clisteres com SCF na concentração de 2 g/kg/dia reduziu a intensidade inflamatória no cólon sem trânsito fecal. O conteúdo tecidual de MUC-2 no cólon sem trânsito dos animais submetidos à intervenção com SCF, independente do tempo de intervenção e da concentração utilizada, foi maior quando comparado aos animais tratados com SF (p<0,01). O conteúdo de MUC-2 após a intervenção com SCF na concentração de 2 g/kg/dia foi maior quando comparado aos animais submetidos à intervenção com concentração menor (p<0,01). O conteúdo de MUC-2 foi maior após intervenção com SCF na concentração de 2 g/kg/dia por quatro semanas (p<0,01). Conclusão: A aplicação preventiva de clisteres com SCF reduz o grau de inflamação e preserva o conteúdo tecidual de MUC-2, em segmentos desprovidos de trânsito intestinal, mostrando-se uma estratégia terapêutica válida para preservar a camada de muco que recobre o epitélio intestinal.

ABSTRACT Background: The effects of topical application of sucralfate (SCF) on the tissue content of MUC-2 protein have not yet been evaluated in experimental models of diversion colitis. Aim: To measure the tissue content of MUC-2 protein in the colonic mucosa diverted from fecal stream submitted to the SCF intervention. Methods: Thirty-six rats underwent derivation of intestinal transit through proximal colostomy and distal mucous fistula. The animals were divided into three groups which were submitted application of enemas with saline, SCF 1 g/kg/day and SCF 2 g/kg/day. Each group was divided into two subgroups, according to euthanasia was done after two or four weeks. The colitis diagnosis was established by histopathological study and the inflammatory intensity was evaluated by previously validated scale. The MUC-2 protein was identified by immunohistochemistry and the tissue content was measured computerized morphometry). Results: The application of enemas with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day reduced inflammatory score of the segments that were diverted from fecal stream. The content of MUC-2 in diverted colon of the animals submitted to the intervention with SCF, independently of intervention period and the used concentration, was significantly greater than animals submitted to the application of enemas containing saline (p< 0.01). The content of MUC-2 after the intervention with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day was significantly higher when compared to the animals submitted to the application containing SCF at concentration of 1.0 g/kg/day (p<0.01). The tissue content of MUC-2 reached the highest values after intervention with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day for four weeks (p<0.01). Conclusion: The preventive application of enemas containing SCF reduces the inflammatory score and avoids the reduction of tissue content of MUC-2, suggesting that the substance is a valid therapeutic strategy to preserve the mucus layer that covers the intestinal epithelium.