Among the dialectic categories, the singular, the particular and the general are philosophic categories that have being widely used in the study and development of the teaching educative process in the Clinic Sciences. The expression of these philosophic categories is particularly obvious to achieve the clinical diagnosis. In the daily practice, the importance of the adequate recognizance of the dialectic categories allowing leading and analyzing the processes developing in nature, society and thoughts is ignored in a repetitive form. In the article we presented the authors´ opinion about the manifestation and usage of the categories the general, the particular and the singular, in the analysis and synthesis generated when making the clinical diagnosis, always accompanied with mental processes like induction and deduction, and others. In this work we insisted in the necessity of recognizing the dialectic unity of the before mentioned philosophic categories in the clinical diagnostic to achieve its aim; and its use in the teaching educative process, as a didactic tool allowing a better analysis and understanding of the diagnostic process, where the particular plays a relevant role as an hegemonic dialectic category, for its achievement. When considering the value of these categories we get the concretization of the medical acting in the diagnosis and solution of the main problems affecting the individual and guaranty the clinical diagnosis without encyclopedism and always centered in the health problem that has to be solved.

Dentro de las categorías dialécticas, lo singular, lo particular y lo general, son categorías filosóficas que han tenido una amplia utilización en el estudio y desarrollo del proceso docente educativo en las Ciencias Clínicas. Particularmente para lograr el diagnóstico clínico se hace evidente la expresión de estas categorías filosóficas. En la práctica cotidiana se ignora de forma reiterada el valor que tiene el reconocimiento adecuado de las categorías dialécticas, que permiten la conducción y análisis de los procesos que se desarrollan en la naturaleza, la sociedad y el pensamiento. En el artículo se presentó la opinión de los autores con relación a la manifestación y el empleo de las categorías lo general, lo particular y lo singular, en el análisis y la síntesis que se produce al realizar el diagnóstico clínico, acompañado siempre de procesos mentales como la inducción y la deducción, y otros. En el trabajo se insistió en la necesidad de reconocer la unidad dialéctica de las categorías filosóficas antes mencionadas en el diagnóstico clínico, para lograr su objetivo; y su empleo en el proceso docente educativo, como una herramienta didáctica que permite un mejor análisis y comprensión del proceso diagnóstico, en el que juega un papel relevante lo particular como categoría dialéctica hegemónica, para su consecución. Al considerar el valor de estas categorías se logra concretar el accionar médico en el diagnóstico y solución de los problemas fundamentales que afectan al individuo, y se garantiza el diagnóstico clínico sin enciclopedismo y siempre centrados en el problema de salud que ha de resolverse.

A cleaning validation method was developed and validated, based on swabbing sampling and simultaneous chromatographic determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) residues. The method presented limits of detection of 0.06 mg mL-1 for SMX and 0.09 mg mL-1 for TMP. It was considered selective, precise, accurate and robust according to the guidelines from ANVISA, the Brazilian regulatory agency, and International Conference on Harmonization. Mean swab recovery factors of 98.5% for SMX and 97.7% for TMP were obtained for spiked stainless steel plates. The method was successfully applied to the assay of actual swab samples collected from eleven points on an equipment surface.

The catalytic performance of Mg,Al-mixed oxides (MO20, MO25 and MO33) derived from hydrotalcites was evaluated in the Knoevenagel reaction between benzaldehyde and phenylsulfonylacetonitrile at 373 and 383 K. The best results were obtained for the sample MO20 that presented the highest basic sites density and external area and the smallest crystallite sizes. The relative amount of basic sites with weak to intermediate strength also played an important role on catalytic performance. By increasing the catalyst content from 1 to 5 wt.% at 383 K, a complete conversion of the reactants is attained, producing α-phenylsulfonylcinnamonitrile with a selectivity of 100%.

A simple method was proposed for determination of paracetamol and ibuprofen in tablets, based on UV measurements and partial least squares. The procedure was performed at pH 10.5, in the concentration ranges 3.00-15.00 µg ml-1 (paracetamol) and 2.40-12.00 µg ml-1 (ibuprofen). The model was able to predict paracetamol and ibuprofen in synthetic mixtures with root mean squares errors of prediction of 0.12 and 0.17 µg ml-1, respectively. Figures of merit (sensitivity, limit of detection and precision) were also estimated. The results achieved for the determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations were in agreement with label claims and verified by HPLC.