Resumen El almidón resistente (AR) es una fracción del almidón no digerible por las α-amilasas y a diferencia de la fibra dietética, el AR es fermentado en el colon promoviendo beneficios en la salud. Dentro de los diferentes tipos de AR, el tipo 3 (AR3) se obtiene por autoclaveado y sin el uso de agentes químicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue obtener AR3 a partir de avena y evaluar su efecto a diferentes concentraciones (0, 5, 10, 15 y 20 %, p/p) sobre las propiedades reológicas de la masa, propiedades de textura de las galletas y su aceptabilidad sensorial. El análisis de perfil de textura (TPA) evidenció un incremento en la fracturabilidad, dureza, adhesividad y gomosidad. La incorporación de AR3 incrementó el módulo elástico (G´) y viscoso (G´´) en comparación con la masa control. Todos los tratamientos presentaron comportamiento elástico (G´ > G´´). La dureza en las galletas aumentó con la concentración de AR3, con valores de ≈ 8 N (control) hasta 20 N (AR3-20 %). Las pruebas sensoriales no fueron significativas entre tratamientos, aunque las galletas AR3-20 % tuvieron mayor preferencia. La adición de AR3 en la masa provocó cambios funcionales y de textura significativos que afectaron positivamente los atributos de calidad de las galletas.

Abstract Resistant starch (RS) is a portion of starch that is not digestible by α-amylases and unlike dietary fiber, RS is fermented in the colon, promoting health benefits. Among the different types of RS, type 3 (RS3) is obtained by autoclaving and without chemical agents. The objective of this work was to obtain RS3 from oats and to evaluate its effect at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % w/w) on the rheological properties of the dough, textural properties of the cookies and their sensory acceptability. Texture profile analysis (TPA) showed an increased fracturability, hardness, adhesiveness and gumminess. The incorporation of RS3 increased the elastic (G’) and viscous (G’’) modulus compared to the control dough. All treatments showed elastic behavior (G’ > G’’). Hardness in cookies increased with RS3 concentration, with values from ≈ 8 N (control) to 20 N (RS3 - 20 %). Sensory tests were not significant between treatments, although RS3-20 % cookies had a higher preference. The addition of RS3 in the dough caused significant functional and textural changes that positively affected the quality attributes of the cookies.

ABSTRACT: The work was carried out in two stages. In the first, the crosses were formed in the Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro Unidad Laguna experimental field (UAAAN-UL), and in the second the evaluation was carried out in the UAAAN-UL experimental field in the spring and summer agricultural cyles, and in the Niagara ejido, in the municipality of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, in the spring. The genetic material was 17 inbred lines, four from UAAAN-UL, two from INIFAP and 11 from CIMMYT. The objective was to estimate the general combining ability (GCA) and the specific combining ability (SCA) of the lines, and to quantify the genetic effects and heterosis of the crosses. For GCA, the male lines that stood out were LAN-388P, LB-32 and LB-40, and the female lines were CML-319, CML-318 and CML-278; for SCA, the highest values were obtained by the crosses LAN-123xCML-278 (3.28 t ha-1), LAN-123xCML-318 (1.9 t ha-1), LB-40xCML-319 (1.7 t ha-1) and LAN-388PxCML-264 (1.52 t ha-1), while the best grain yield was obtained by the crosses LB-40xCML-319 (14.49 t ha-1), LB-32xCML-319 (14.17 t ha-1), LAN-388PxCML-264 (13.68 t ha-1), LAN-123xCML-278 (13.55 t ha-1) and LAN-388PxCML-278 (13.44 t ha-1). The dominance variance exceeded the additive variance in grain yield (GY) and in the main yield components. Positive effects of heterosis for grain yield were found with respect to the superior parent in the crosses LB-40xCML-319 and LB-32 x CML-319.

RESUMEN: El trabajo se realizó en dos etapas, en la primera se formaron las cruzas en el campo experimental de la Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro Unidad Laguna (UAAAN-UL), y en la segunda la evaluación en el campo experimental de la UAAAN-UL en los ciclos agrícola primavera y verano, y en el ejido Niágara, en el municipio de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, en primavera. El material genético fueron 17 líneas endogámicas, cuatro de la UAAAN-UL, dos del INIFAP y 11 del CIMMYT. El objetivo fue estimar la aptitud combinatoria general (ACG) de las líneas, la aptitud combinatoria específica (ACE) y cuantificar los efectos genéticos y la heterosis de las cruzas. Para la ACG sobresalieron las líneas macho LAN-388P, LB-32 y LB-40, y las líneas hembras CML-319, CML-318 y CML-278; para la ACE los mayores valores lo tuvieron las cruzas LAN-123xCML-278 (3.28 t ha-1), LAN-123xCML-318 (1.9 t ha-1), LB-40xCML-319 (1.7 t ha-1) y LAN 388PxCML-264 (1.52 t ha-1). Mientras que el mayor rendimiento de grano, lo tuvieron las cruzas LB-40xCML-319 (14.49 t ha-1), LB-32xCML-319 (14.17 t ha-1), LAN-388PxCML-264 (13.68 t ha-1), LAN-123xCML-278 (13.55 t ha-1) y LAN-388PxCML-278 (13.44 t ha-1). La varianza de dominancia superó a la varianza aditiva en rendimiento de grano (RG) y en los principales componentes del rendimiento. Se encontraron efectos positivos de heterosis para rendimiento de grano con respecto al progenitor superior en las cruzas LB-40xCML-319 y LB-32 x CML-319.

In this work using the first-principles in the framework of Density Functional Theory the structural properties, electronic structure and magnetism of Ti-doped w-BN are studied. Our calculations were performed with the ultrasoft pseudopotentials method, employed exactly as implemented in Quantum ESPRESSO code. For the B0.9375Ti0.0625N and B0.875Ti0.125N concentrations it is found a ferromagnetic and half-metallic behavior with 100% carrier spin polarization of the conduction carriers in the ground state. The calculations showed that the substitution of a Ti atom at the B site (B0.9375Ti0.0625N compound) introduces a magnetic moment of 1.0 μB, while two Ti atoms substitutions (B0.875Ti0.125N compound) introduce a magnetic moment of 2.0 μB. These magnetic properties come from hybridization and polarization of states Ti-3d and their first neighboring B-2p and first neighboring N-2p atoms. Calculated magnetic properties indicate that Ti-doped w-BN compound can potentially be used in diluted magnetic semiconductors or as spin injectors.

En este trabajo se realizaron cálculos por primeros principios para investigar las propiedades estructurales, electrónicas y magnéticas de los compuestos Sc xCr1-xN (x =0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 y 1.0) en la estructura wurtzita. Se utilizó el método Ondas Plana Aumentadas y Linealizadas Potencial Completo (FP-LAPW), tal como está implementado en el código Wien2k. El análisis de las propiedades estructurales muestra que la constante de red aumenta linealmente acorde a la ley de Vegard’s, con el incremento de la concentración de escandio Sc en la estructura, mientras que el módulo de volumen disminuye. Los estudios de la densidad electrónica muestran que los compuestos Sc xCr1-xN (x = 0.25, 0.50 y 0.75) poseen un comportamiento semimetálicos con polarización de espín magnético del 100%, y un momento magnético de 3 μβ/atomo-Cr, el estado ferromagnético proviene de un mecanismo de doble intercambio y de la hibridación de los estados Cr-d y N-p que atraviesan el nivel de Fermi. Estos compuestos son buenos candidatos para aplicaciones en espintrónica.

First principles calculations based on density functional theory were employed to investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the Sc xCr1-xN (x =0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0) compound, in the wurtzite structure. We applied the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method as implemented in the Wien2k code. The analysis of the structural properties revealed that the lattice constant increases linearly with the increment of the Sc atoms in the structure, in accord with Vegard's law, whereas the bulk modulus decreases. The studies of the electronic density showed that the ternary compounds of Sc xCr1-xN (x = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) exhibit a half-metallic behavior with magnetic spin polarization of 100% and a magnetic moment of 3 μβ/Cr-atom. The ferromagnetic behavior comes from a double exchange mechanism and hybridization of the Cr-d and N-p states that cross the Fermi level. These compounds are good candidates for applications in spintronics.

Gestational hypertension is a type of hypertension that occurs for the first time after the 20 weeks of gestation without significant proteinuria. There are four categories of hypertension in pregnant women. Preeclampsia is characterized by the presence of hypertension and significant proteinuria, those occurring after the 20th week of pregnancy. Preeclampsia associated with other diseases is not always synonymous of severe preeclampsia. We reserve the term of sever when adding clinical and laboratory markers of severity. In women with preeclampsia aggregated or associated with other disease states. Significant proteinuria is the amount of protein in urine ≥ 300 mg of protein in a urine collection of 24 hours. Also called significant proteinuria when the ratio of urinary protein creatinine ratio is ≥ 30 mg/mmol. Eclampsia is characterized by the occurrence of generalized tonic and clonic seizures not attributed to other causes in women with preeclampsia.

La hipertensión gestacional es un tipo de hipertensión que se presenta por primera vez después de 20 semanas de gestación sin proteinuria significativa demostrada. Existen cuatro categorías de hipertensión arterial en la mujer gestante. La preeclampsia se caracteriza por la presencia de hipertensión y proteinuria significativa, lo que ocurre después de la semana 20 del embarazo. La preeclampsia asociada a otros estados patológicos no siempre es sinónimo de preeclampsia severa. Se reserva el término de severa cuando se agregan los marcadores clínicos y de laboratorio de severidad en mujeres con preeclampsia agregada o asociada a otros estados patológicos. Proteinuria significativa es una cantidad de proteínas en la orina ≥ 300 mg en una recolección de orina de 24 horas. También se denomina así cuando el cociente de proteínas urinarias sobre creatinina urinaria es ≥ 30 mg/mmol. La eclampsia se caracteriza por la ocurrencia de crisis convulsivas tónico-clónicas generalizadas en mujeres con preeclampsia que no son atribuidas a otras causas.

En este trabajo realizamos cálculos de primeros principios para investigar las propiedades estructurales y electrónicas de la multicapa 1x1 CrN/GaN. Los cálculos se realizan en las fases zincblenda y wurtzita, debido a que este es el estado base del nitruro de cromo CrN y el nitruro de galio GaN, respectivamente. Sin embargo, se estudia la estabilidad de la multicapa en la fase NaCl, con el fin predecir posibles transiciones de fase. Encontramos que la fase más favorable para multicapa, es la hexagonal tipo wurtzita, con posibilidad de pasar a la fase NaCl mediante la aplicación de una presión externa. Nuestros cálculos nos permiten predecir que la presión de transición es <IMG SRC="../img/revistas/ince/v9n17/v9n17a09c.jpg" WIDTH=19 HEIGHT=17>13,5 GPa. A partir de la densidad de estados encontramos que la multicapa posee un comportamiento metálico debido a la hibridación de los orbitales Cr-d y N-p que atraviesan el nivel de Fermi.

In this work we perform first-principles calculations to investigate the structural and electronic properties of the 1x1 CrN/GaN multilayer. The calculations were executed in zincblende and wurtzite phase, since they are the ground states of chromium nitride CrN and gallium nitride GaN, respectively. However, we study the stability of the multilayer in the NaCl phase, in order to predict possible phase transitions. We found that the most favorable phase for the multilayer is the hexagonal wurtzite type, with possibility of passing to the NaCl phase by applying an external pressure. Our calculations indicate that the pressure of transition is <IMG SRC="../img/revistas/ince/v9n17/v9n17a09c.jpg" WIDTH=19 HEIGHT=17>13,5 GPa. From the density of states, we found that the multilayer present a metallic behavior produced by the hybrid orbitals d-Cr and N-p that cross level Fermi.

The number of sequences generated by genome projects has increased exponentially, but gene characterization has not followed at the same rate. Sequencing and analysis of full-length cDNAs is an important step in gene characterization that has been used nowadays by several research groups. In this work, we have selected Schistosoma mansoni clones for full-length sequencing, using an algorithm that investigates the presence of the initial methionine in the parasite sequence based on the positions of alignment start between two sequences. BLAST searches to produce such alignments have been performed using parasite expressed sequence tags produced by Minas Gerais Genome Network against sequences from the database Eukaryotic Cluster of Orthologous Groups (KOG). This procedure has allowed the selection of clones representing 398 proteins which have not been deposited as S. mansoni complete CDS in any public database. Dedicated sequencing of 96 of such clones with reads from both 5' and 3' ends has been performed. These reads have been assembled using PHRAP, resulting in the production of 33 full-length sequences that represent novel S. mansoni proteins. These results shall contribute to construct a more complete view of the biology of this important parasite.