Resumen Enfermería es una profesión mayoritariamente femenina. Debido a esto y a las circunstancias familiares, en que también es mayoritariamente responsable de la atención y cuidados familiares, esta población se encuentra sometida a importante nivel de estrés provocado por las cargas en los diferentes ámbitos. Desde hace ya unos años, se ha empezado a hablar y legislar aspectos relacionados con la conciliación familiar. Los objetivos planteados en este trabajo fueron: Exponer el concepto de “Conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar”, evidenciar publicaciones relacionadas con la conciliación familiar y laboral en Enfermería e identificar publicaciones legislativas relacionadas con el tema de estudio. Se ha realizado búsqueda bibliográfica en Punto Q de la ULL y en Google académico con el perfil de conciliación laboral y familiar, y enfermería. Además, se ha hecho una revisión sobre la evolución legislativa de la conciliación laboral y familiar. Con la bibliografía consultada, se puede concluir que: Existe dificultad para conciliar la vida laboral y familiar, es necesaria la implicación familiar de las parejas en las tareas del hogar y familiares, las familias monoparentales tienen dificultades añadidas, es necesario contar con implicación institucional de ayudas a niños, permisos para cuidados familiares, evitando la reducción salarial abusiva, se propone implantar políticas de conciliación similares a las nórdicas, lo que disminuiría el absentismo y mejoraría la satisfacción.

Abstract Nursing is a predominantly female profession. Due to this and to family circumstances, in which it is also mainly responsible for family care and care, this population is subjected to a significant level of stress caused by burdens in different areas. For some years now, it has begun to speak and legislate aspects related to family conciliation. The objectives set out in this work were: Present the concept of "Reconciliation of work and family life", evidence publications related to work and family conciliation in Nursing and identify legislative publications related to the subject of study. A bibliographic search was carried out in Point Q of the ULL and in academic Google with the profile of work and family reconciliation, and nursing. In addition, a review has been made of the legislative evolution of work-life balance. With the bibliography consulted, it can be concluded that: There is difficulty in reconciling work and family life, the family involvement of couples in household and family tasks is necessary, single-parent families have additional difficulties, it is necessary to have institutional involvement of aid for children, leave for family care, avoiding abusive salary reduction, it is proposed to implement conciliation policies similar to the Nordic ones, which would reduce absenteeism and improve satisfaction.

En este trabajo se estudió el crecimiento de muestras de CaO (óxido de calcio) en condiciones de altas temperaturas de calcinación (800 ° C y 900 ° C). Las muestras de CaO fueron preparadas por el método de Pechini en dos condiciones diferentes. En la primera variación, se adicionó HNO3 y NH4OH para regular el pH de las muestras. Para el segundo método de preparación, no se regulo el pH durante el crecimiento de las muestras. En la caracterización, por medio de los rayos x, se observó que para el método uno, están presenten las fases CaO, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2. No obstante, para él método dos solamente las fases CaCO3, Ca(OH)2 son observadas en las muestras. Por medio de la espectroscopia Raman, se determinaron cambios significativos en la intensidad de los picos, siendo mayores para el método dos. Los picos entre 950 cm -1 y 1200 cm- 1, en el caso del método uno, también muestran cambios para frecuencias bajas. En la fotoluminiscencia, la intensidad es mayor para las muestras preparadas por el segundo método. La fotoluminiscencia es un indicativo, que los defectos estructurales de las muestras son mayores, para el método dos. Estos resultados indican la capacidad que tiene el método de síntesis (Pechini) en la calidad de la obtención de las muestras.

The growth of samples of CaO (calcium oxide) under conditions of a high calcination temperature (800°C and 900°C) was studied. The CaO samples were prepared using the Pechini method with two different variations. In the first variation, HNO3 and NH4OH were added in order to control the pH. In the second, the pH was not controlled. By means of X-rays, it was seen that for method 1, the phases CaO, CaCO3, and Ca(OH)2 were present. For method 2, only the CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2 phases appeared. By means of Raman spectroscopy, significant changes in the intensity of the peaks were observed, these being greater for method 2. The peaks between 950 cm-1 and 1200 cm-1 also exhibited shifts at low frequencies for first strategy. With respect to photoluminescence, the intensity was greater for the samples prepared via second option. This photoluminescence is an indication that there are more defects in the structure of the samples using method 2. These results indicate the ability that the method of synthesis (Pechini) has for acquiring samples of high quality.

BACKGROUND: Caudal autotomy appears to be an adaptation strategy to reduce the risk of being preyed upon. In an encounter with a predator, the prey must reduce the risk of being preyed upon, and one of the strategies that has exerted a strong pressure on selection has been tail loss. In lizards, it has been demonstrated that tail loss reduces the probability of survival in the event of a second attack; therefore, they must resort to new escape strategies to reduce the risk of falling prey. In order to evaluate the effect of tail loss on the escape behavior of Gonatodes albogularis in natural conditions, we took samples from a forest interior population. We expected that individuals that had not lost their tails would allow the predator to get closer than those that had lost it. For each sample, we recorded the following: (1) escape behavior, measured through three distances (e.g., approach distance, escape distance, and final distance); (2) distance to shelter; and (3) length of tail. We included only males in the study since we did not record any females without a tail and far fewer with a regenerated tail RESULTS: We found that tail loss does have an effect on the escape behavior of G. albogularis. Males that have their tails intact allow the predator to come closer, and we found a negative correlation between the approach distance and the length of the tail CONCLUSION: Our results support the escape behavior theory, in which G. albogularis males drop their tails when the risk of predation is much higher than the cost of fleeing.

Se reporta diferencias en el tamaño corporal entre individuos adultos de seis poblaciones de Anolis mariarum (Squamata: Polychrotidae), separadas por una distancia de hasta 80km. Esta variación no se relacionó con las diferencias en las temperaturas promedio anuales que existen entre los sitios analizados, pero sí covarió con la precipitación promedio anual, con los individuos de mayor talla habitando los sitios más secos. Datos de marca- recaptura del sitio más seco y más húmedo, mostraron que los individuos del sitio más seco tienen mayores tasas de crecimiento corporal. Bajo condiciones de laboratorio con alimento ad libitum, machos de ambos sitios crecieron más rápido que en condiciones naturales. Aunque las tasas de crecimiento de machos de las dos poblaciones no difirieron significativamente en el laboratorio, los machos del sitio más seco mantuvieron tamaños corporales asintóticos en sus trayectorias de crecimiento que fueron significativamente mayores. Análisis multivariados mostraron que tanto los machos como las hembras de las seis poblaciones difieren en la forma corporal y en lepiodosis, pero la única variable que covarió de manera significativa con un gradiente ambiental fue el tamaño corporal con la precipitación. Estudios de variación intraespecífica en el tamaño corporal deben considerar otras características fenotípicas adicionales para obtener una línea base sobre el grado de divergencia entre poblaciones, incluso aquellas que se consideran neutrales.

Intra-specific body size variation is common and often is assumed to be adaptive. Studies of body size variation among sites should include or consider environmental and ecological variables in their designs. Additionally, reciprocal transplant or common garden studies will support which variables are really contributing to the observed body size variation. This study analyzed the microgeographic body size variation in Anolis mariarum, a small lizard endemic to Antioquia, Colombia. Parameters such as body size, shape, and lepidosis variation were quantified in 217 adult A. mariarum, belonging to six populations separated by less than 80km. Results showed that significant body size variation was not related to differences among sites in mean annual temperature, but covaried with mean annual precipitation, with the largest individuals occurring in dryer sites. Mark-recapture data obtained from 115 individuals from both the wettest and dryest sites from October 2004 to April 2005 showed that growth rates were higher at the latter. Eight males from each site were captured at the end of the mark- recapture study and reared for two months under identical conditions in a common garden study. Individuals from both sites grew faster when reared in the laboratory with food provided ad libitum. Although growth rates of males from the two populations did not differ significantly in the laboratory, males from the dryest site still maintained a significantly larger asymptotic body size in their growth trajectories. Multivariate analyses also demonstrated that both males and females from the six populations differed in terms of body shape and lepidosis. However, only female body size was found to covary significantly with an environmental gradient (precipitation). A. mariarum does not conform to Bergmann’s rule, but the relationship found between mean body size and asympotic growth with mean annual precipitation at these sites needs further analysis. Generally, studies of intra-specific body size variation should consider a number of additional phenotypic traits to provide stronger baseline information on the degree of overall divergence among populations, including those likely to be selectively neutral, before interpreting results of analyses on the body size differences. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (4): 1253-1262. Epub 2009 December 01.