Abstract Since the inception of COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a challenging race for the development of precise diagnostic tests. Specific SARS-CoV-2 serological assays are the main tools used to estimate the rate of past infections or herd immunity in epidemiological studies, in addition to being helpful in guiding public health management policies. In this study, an in-house ELISA based on the construct of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) proteins, named rCoV2, rCoV4, and rCoV7, showed diagnostic performance for the detection of IgG antibodies. Sensitivity was evaluated in serum samples from patients with mild to moderate or severe COVID-19 infections, which were collected at different time points, while specificity was evaluated using pre-pandemic sera. In samples from mild to moderate cases obtained ≥16 days after the onset of symptoms, the sensitivities for rCoV2, rCoV4, and rCoV7 were 66.7%, 75%, and 77.8%, respectively. For samples from severe cases, the sensitivity was above 80% for all constructs. All proteins showed high specificity (94-98%). Overall, rCoV7 (C-terminus N-protein portion) showed better diagnostic performance, with 62.3% sensitivity in moderate and severe cases and 96.6% specificity. The SARS-CoV-2 ELISA using N-protein-based constructs could be a promisor tool for investigate the epidemiology of COVID-19 and monitor population-level serosurveillance. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic tests SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- studies policies study inhouse house N (N rCoV2 rCoV rCoV4 antibodies points prepandemic pre sera 16 ≥1 symptoms 667 66 7 66.7% 75 75% 778 77 8 77.8% respectively 80 9498%. 9498 94 98% . 98 (94-98%) Overall Cterminus C terminus Nprotein protein portion 623 62 3 62.3 966 96 6 96.6 Nproteinbased populationlevel population level serosurveillance COVID1 1 COVID- SARS-CoV ≥ 66.7 77.8 9498% 949 9 (94-98% 62. 96. 66. 77. (94-98 (94-9 (94- (94 (9 (

Abstract Diabetes Mellitus is a group of diseases of the endocrine system in which the body does not produce the hormone insulin, or its use is inefficient. This study aims to analyze the number of hospitalizations for diabetes in the northern region of Minas Gerais from 2011 to 2020. The research universe was based on the SUS Hospital Information System database, referring to the number of hospitalizations, hospital expenses, and patient profiles. The results revealed that from 2011 to 2020, 12,109 hospitalizations for Diabetes Mellitus were recorded in the North of Minas Gerais, averaging 1,211 cases per year, 24.7% of which were in private hospitals, with an average stay of 5.4 days. Most were urgent (99.3%), and expenses totaled BRL 8,552,504.92. As for the mortality rate, there was a reduction from 5.4 to 3.87. There were more hospitalizations in Montes Claros (3,740). However, the mortality rate was higher in Januária (9.3). The disease is predominant in women (52.5%) between 60 and 69 years old (22.0%) and in the mixed race (47.43%), with higher mortality after 80 years of age. Thus, despite the reduction in mortality, hospitalizations remained high, especially in the last years of this study. Therefore, a greater approach to these patterns is essential to mitigate the advance of diabetes mellitus in the region.

Resumo A Diabetes Mellitus é um grupo de doenças do sistema endócrino, na qual o corpo não produz o hormônio insulina ou o seu uso é ineficiente. Este estudo visa analisar o número de internações por Diabetes na região Norte de Minas Gerais, no período de 2011 a 2020. Teve como universo de pesquisa a base de dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS, referente ao número de internações, gastos hospitalares e perfis dos pacientes. Os resultados revelaram que, de 2011 a 2020, foram registradas 12.109 internações por Diabetes Mellitus no Norte de Minas Gerais, com média de 1.211 casos por ano, sendo 24,7% em hospitais privados, com permanência média de 5.4 dias. A maioria foi por urgência (99.3%) e os gastos totalizaram 8,552,504.92 reais. Quanto à taxa de mortalidade, evidenciou-se uma redução de 5.4 para 3.87. Houve mais internações em Montes Claros (3,740), todavia, a taxa de mortalidade foi mais elevada em Januária (9.3%). Nota-se o predomínio da doença em mulheres (52.5%) entre 60 a 69 anos (22.0%) e na cor/raça parda (47.43%), com mortalidade mais alta a partir dos 80 anos. Destarte, apesar da redução da mortalidade, as internações permaneceram altas, sobretudo nos últimos anos deste estudo, sendo, portanto, imprescindível uma maior abordagem acerca desses padrões, a fim de mitigar o avanço da Diabetes Mellitus na região.

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis is an infectious, chronic, and worldwide disease. It has been known since the beginning of humanity and still negatively influences public health and livestock, especially, in Brazil, in the northeast. Etiologic agents are the mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which is the most important in mammals’ involvement. The state of Bahia has 68.7% of its territory located in the semiarid region and holds the largest goat herd in the country. Goat breeding is a social and economic activity that adds value to this region. Up to the present, data on goat tuberculosis is unknown in this state. Thus, this study seeks data on tuberculosis prevalence in goats in a semiarid region of Bahia by using the comparative tuberculin test and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 600 adult animals of both sexes were evaluated. A prevalence of 0.33% (2/600) and 33.33% (1/3) properties were found for positive animals. Each assessed property had a questionnaire to analyze the epidemiological data management and relevant aspects for the disease occurrence. To confirm the positive tuberculin test results, PCR was used to detect and identify the pathogenic mycobacteria involved in the infection. It is concluded that most of the properties performing goat breeding in the region show low technification levels and promote farming between different species. Low prevalence of the disease alerts preventive measures to avoid major proportion situations that could influence the goat breeding in the state.

ABSTRACT Forest soils are N2O sources and commonly act as CH4 sinks. This study evaluated the dynamics of the CH4 and N2O fluxes of soils under Eucalyptus plantations and native Cerrado vegetation, as well as possible interactions between environmental factors and fluxes. The study was carried out in the Distrito Federal, Brazil, during 26 months, in three areas: in two stands of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis, planted in 2011 (E1), and in 2009 (E2) and native Cerrado vegetation (CE). Measurements to determine the fluxes in a closed static chamber were carried out from Oct 2013 to Nov 2015. Soil and climate factors were monitored. During the study period, the mean CH4 fluxes were –22.48, –8.38 and –1.31 μg CH4 m–2 h–1 and the mean N2O fluxes 5.45, 4.85 and 3.85 μg N2O m–2 h–1 from E1, E2 and CE, respectively. Seasonality affected plantations in the studied sites. Cumulative CH4 influxes were calculated (year-1: –1.86 to -0.63 kg ha–1 yr–1; year-2: –1.85 to –1.34 kg ha–1 yr–1). Cumulative N2O fluxes in the three sites were ≤ 0.85 kg ha–1 yr–1. The change in land use from Cerrado to Eucalyptus plantations did not significantly changed regarding greenhouse gases (GHG), compared to the native vegetation. Flux rates of both gases (N2O and CH4) were low. Temporal variations in GHG fluxes and different ages of the stands did not cause significant differences in cumulative annual fluxes.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho dos agrominerais termopotássio e termofosfato, como fontes de P e K, em consórcio de pastagem orgânica de Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu' + Stylosanthes spp. no Cerrado brasileiro. O manejo orgânico foi comparado ao convencional com uso de fertilizantes químicos, durante três anos, em dois experimentos adjacentes, um com e outro sem cultivo prévio de adubo verde (Crotalaria juncea). Os tratamentos de manejo foram: convencional, com aplicação de 200 kg ha-1 de cloreto de potássio, 260 kg ha-1 de superfosfato triplo e 217 kg ha-1 de ureia; orgânico, com aplicação de 1,0 Mg ha-1 termopotássio, 2,0 Mg ha-1 termofosfato e 7,0 Mg ha-1 cama de frango; e controle, sem adubação. Foram avaliadas fertilidade do solo, produção de matéria seca e contribuição da leguminosa na pastagem. O experimento com adubação verde proporcionou aumento significativo nos teores de P e K extraíveis do solo e na produtividade da pastagem. No tratamento orgânico, devido à liberação lenta dos nutrientes dos agrominerais, são observados efeitos de longo prazo nos teores extraíveis de P e K do solo.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the thermopotassium and thermophosphate agrominerals, as sources of P and K, in an organic pasture consortium of 'Marandu' Urochloa brizantha + Stylosanthes spp. in the Brazilian Cerrado. The organic management was compared with conventional farming using chemical fertilizers, during three years, in two adjacent experiments, one with and the other without previous growth of green manure (Crotalaria juncea). The management treatments were: conventional, with the application of 200 kg ha-1 potassium chloride, 260 kg ha-1 triple superphosphate, and 217 kg ha-1 urea; organic, with the application of 1.0 Mg ha-1 thermophosphate, 2.0 Mg ha-1 termopotassium, and 7.0 Mg ha-1 chicken manure; and control, without fertilizers. Soil fertility, dry mass production, and legume content in the pasture were evaluated. The experiment with green manure resulted in a significant increase in the soil-extractable contents of P and K and in pasture productivity. In the organic treatment, due to the slow release of agromineral nutrients, long-term effects are observed on the soil-extractable contents of P and K.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar e descrever as alterações de postura e de qualidade de voz em um grupo de cantores populares. Métodos Série de casos com nove voluntários (seis mulheres e três homens) com idade média de 28,3±6,4 anos. A avaliação postural foi realizada pelo software SAPO. A avaliação perceptivoauditiva da voz foi realizada por juízes, utilizando o VPAS-PB, e a análise acústica com o software PRAAT. Resultados Os tempos máximos fonatórios variaram entre 7,1 e 22,0 s. A frequência fundamental entre 104,7 e 247,7 Hz, mostrando-se adequada ao sexo e à idade dos participantes. A intensidade, o jitter e o shimmer variaram dentro dos valores de referência, respectivamente, 59,8 e 68,6 dB, 0,110 e 0,306% e 0,903 a 2,673 dB. Enquanto a proporção harmônico-ruído ficou acima dos valores referência para ambos os sexos, entre 18,1 e 31,5 dB. A avaliação perceptivoauditiva da voz definiu ajustes não neutros à fonação, com nove participantes apresentando soprosidade; cinco, aspereza, e dois, crepitação, com presença de suporte respiratório inadequado. Todos os participantes apresentaram alterações e/ou adaptações posturais. Conclusão Foram identificados e descritos ajustes não neutros à fonação, definindo alterações de qualidade vocal em um grupo de cantores, no qual também se observou que os participantes apresentaram adaptações e/ou alterações posturais, o que pode sugerir que estes ajustes coocorrem no grupo avaliado.

ABSTRACT Purpose To identify and describe changes in posture and voice quality in a group of popular singers. Methods Series of cases with nine volunteers (six women and three men) with a mean age of 28.3±6.4 years. Postural assessment was performed using the SAPO software. The auditory-perceptual assessment of the voice was performed by judges using the VPAS-PB, and the acoustic analysis was carried out with the PRAAT software. Results The maximum phonation times varied between 7.1 and 22.0 sec. The fundamental frequency between 104.7 and 247.7 Hz, adequate to the gender and age of the participants. The intensity, jitter and shimmer varied within the reference values, respectively, 59.8 and 68.6 dB, 0.110 and 0.306% and 0.903 to 2.673 dB. While the harmonic-noise ratio was above the reference values for both sexes, between 18.1 and 31.5 dB. The auditory-perceptual assessment of the voice defined non-neutral phonation adjustments, with nine participants presenting breathy; five, harsh; and two, creaky voices, with the presence of inadequate respiratory support. All participants showed postural changes and / or adaptations. Conclusion Non-neutral adjustments to phonation were identified and described, defining alterations in vocal quality in a group of singers, in which participants also presented adaptations and / or postural alterations, which may suggest that these adjustments cooccur in the group evaluated.

OBJECTIVES: Brazil has rapidly developed the second-highest number of COVID-19 cases in the world. As such, proper symptom identification, including gastrointestinal manifestations, and relationship to health outcomes remains key. We aimed to assess the prevalence and impact of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19 in a large quaternary referral center in South America. METHODS: This was a single-center cohort study in a COVID-19 specific hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Consecutive adult patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were included. Baseline patient history, presenting symptoms, laboratory results, and clinically relevant outcomes were recorded. Regression analyses were performed to determine significant predictors of the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 and hospitalization outcomes. RESULTS: Four-hundred patients with COVID-19 were included. Of these, 33.25% of patients reported ≥1 gastrointestinal symptom. Diarrhea was the most common gastrointestinal symptom (17.25%). Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms had higher rates of concomitant constitutional symptoms, notably fatigue and myalgia (p<0.05). Gastrointestinal symptoms were also more prevalent among patients on chronic immunosuppressants, ACE/ARB medications, and patient with chronic kidney disease (p<0.05). Laboratory results, length of hospitalization, ICU admission, ICU length of stay, need for mechanical ventilation, vasopressor support, and in-hospital mortality did not differ based upon gastrointestinal symptoms (p>0.05). Regression analyses showed older age [OR 1.04 (95% CI, 1.02-1.06)], male gender [OR 1.94 (95% CI, 1.12-3.36)], and immunosuppression [OR 2.60 (95% CI, 1.20-5.63)], were associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSION: Based upon this Brazilian study, gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 are common but do not appear to impact clinically relevant hospitalization outcomes including the need for ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, or mortality.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de anemia e seus fatores associados em mulheres em idade reprodutiva do município de Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra representativa de 322 mulheres, com idade entre 15 e 49 anos. A anemia foi diagnosticada pela dosagem de hemoglobina abaixo de 12 g/dL. As variáveis independentes foram: condições demográficas e socioeconômicas (idade, raça/cor, escolaridade, alfabetização, presença de crianças com idade < 5 anos no domicílio, regime de ocupação de residência, posse de bens e renda familiar per capita), condições de moradia (número de pessoas no domicílio, número de dormitórios e condições de saneamento básico), segurança alimentar e nutricional e condições de saúde das mulheres (menarca, número de gestações, passado de abortos, índice de massa corporal e ferritina). A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para a análise dos fatores associados à anemia. Resultados: A média de idade das mulheres investigadas foi de 31,1 ± 6,61 anos (desvio padrão - DP) e a prevalência de anemia, de 18,6% (IC95% 14,7 - 23,3). Após análise multivariável, a anemia apresentou associação significativa com idade ≤ 19 anos e com baixo índice de ferritina. Conclusão: A prevalência de anemia encontrada se caracteriza como um problema de saúde pública de grau leve e segue a tendência mundial de países em desenvolvimento.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To identify the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia and associated factors in women at reproductive age in the city of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 322 women aged between 15 and 49 years. Anemia was diagnosed by measuring hemoglobin below 12 g/dL. The independent variables were: demographic and socioeconomic conditions (age, race/color, education, literacy, presence of children aged < 5 years in the household, regime of residence occupation, ownership of assets, and per capita income), housing conditions (number of people in the household, number of bedrooms, and basic sanitation), food and nutrition security and women’s health conditions (menarche, number of pregnancies, history of miscarriages, body mass index, and ferritin). Poisson regression was used to analyze the factors associated with anemia. Results: The mean age of women surveyed was 31.1 ± 6.61 years old (standard deviation - SD) and the prevalence of anemia was 18.6% (95%CI 14.7 - 23.3). After multivariate analysis, anemia was significantly associated with age ≤ 19 years and low ferritin. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia is characterized as a mild public health problem and follows the world trend in developing countries.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de anemia e seus fatores associados em mulheres em idade reprodutiva do município de Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra representativa de 322 mulheres, com idade entre 15 e 49 anos. A anemia foi diagnosticada pela dosagem de hemoglobina abaixo de 12 g/dL. As variáveis independentes foram: condições demográficas e socioeconômicas (idade, raça/cor, escolaridade, alfabetização, presença de crianças com idade < 5 anos no domicílio, regime de ocupação de residência, posse de bens e renda familiar per capita), condições de moradia (número de pessoas no domicílio, número de dormitórios e condições de saneamento básico), segurança alimentar e nutricional e condições de saúde das mulheres (menarca, número de gestações, passado de abortos, índice de massa corporal e ferritina). A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para a análise dos fatores associados à anemia. Resultados: A média de idade das mulheres investigadas foi de 31,1 ± 6,61 anos (desvio padrão - DP) e a prevalência de anemia, de 18,6% (IC95% 14,7 - 23,3). Após análise multivariável, a anemia apresentou associação significativa com idade ≤ 19 anos e com baixo índice de ferritina. Conclusão: A prevalência de anemia encontrada se caracteriza como um problema de saúde pública de grau leve e segue a tendência mundial de países em desenvolvimento.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To identify the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia and associated factors in women at reproductive age in the city of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 322 women aged between 15 and 49 years. Anemia was diagnosed by measuring hemoglobin below 12 g/dL. The independent variables were: demographic and socioeconomic conditions (age, race/color, education, literacy, presence of children aged < 5 years in the household, regime of residence occupation, ownership of assets, and per capita income), housing conditions (number of people in the household, number of bedrooms, and basic sanitation), food and nutrition security and women’s health conditions (menarche, number of pregnancies, history of miscarriages, body mass index, and ferritin). Poisson regression was used to analyze the factors associated with anemia. Results: The mean age of women surveyed was 31.1 ± 6.61 years old (standard deviation - SD) and the prevalence of anemia was 18.6% (95%CI 14.7 - 23.3). After multivariate analysis, anemia was significantly associated with age ≤ 19 years and low ferritin. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia is characterized as a mild public health problem and follows the world trend in developing countries.