ABSTRACT Present study aimed at carrying out the taxonomic survey of the ornamented cell-wall Cosmaria from the low Doce river region, Espírito Santo State. Material studied was collected between months October 2018 and February 2020. Thirty-three taxa were identified, from which 32 are new additions to the Espírito Santo State desmid flora, five are new records for Brazil (C. blyttii cf. var. basiornatum, C. cf. dentiferum, C. monomazum var. polymazum, C. sphagnicola var. pachygonum, and C. subcostatum var. subcostatum), and one for South America (C. isthmochondrum cf. var. biseriatum). Present study increased the knowledge on the genus Cosmarium in Espírito Santo State by adding both taxonomic and ecological information. cellwall cell wall region 201 2020 Thirtythree Thirty three identified 3 flora C (C cf var basiornatum dentiferum polymazum pachygonum subcostatum, , subcostatum) biseriatum. biseriatum . biseriatum) information 20 202 2

RESUMO O estudo objetivou realizar o levantamento taxonômico dos Cosmarium com parede celular ornamentada coletados na região do baixo rio Doce, Estado do Espirito Santo. O material foi coletado durante os meses outubro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2020. Trinta e três táxons entre espécies e variedades taxonômicas foram identificados, dos quais 32 são adições para a desmidioflórula do Estado do Espírito Santo, dos quais cinco são registros pioneiros para o Brasil (C. blyttii cf. var. basiornatum, C. cf. dentiferum, C. monomazum var. polymazum, C. sphagnicola var. pachygonum e C. subcostatum var. subcostatum) e um para a América do Sul (C. isthmochondrum cf. var. biseriatum). O estudo aumentou o conhecimento sobre o gênero Cosmarium no Estado do Espírito Santo a partir de informação taxonômica e ecológica. Doce 201 2020 identificados 3 C (C cf var basiornatum dentiferum polymazum biseriatum. biseriatum . biseriatum) ecológica 20 202 2

Resumo Fundamento A estenose coronária pode ser causada por de novo aterosclerose, reestenose intra-stent e neoaterosclerose intra-stent, três entidades que se desenvolvem a partir de diversos meios fisiopatológicos. Objetivos Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar, por meio da tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT), se as lesões coronarianas relacionadas a esses processos diferem em seu perfil inflamatório local. Métodos Análise retrospectiva de pacientes com lesões coronárias diagnosticadas ou suspeitas que realizaram exames de OCT por motivos clínicos. Macrófagos e neovascularização intraplaca foram avaliados por OCT e utilizados como marcadores de inflamação local. O nível de significância < 0,05 foi adotado como estatisticamente significante. Resultados Das 121 lesões, 74 eram de novo , 29 eram reestenose e 18 eram neoaterosclerose. Neovascularização foi encontrada em 65,8% das de novo , 10,3% na reestenose e 94,4% na neoaterosclerose (p<0,01 para todos). O volume de neovascularização foi diferente entre os tipos de lesão (950 vs. 0 vs. 6.220, respectivamente [valores medianos em 1000 x µm 3 /mm]; p<0,01 para todos), sendo significativamente maior na neoaterosclerose e menor na reestenose. A presença de macrófagos diferiu entre as lesões (95,9% em de novo vs. 6,9% em reestenose vs. 100% em neoaterosclerose [p<0,01 para todos]). Além disso, a intensidade da infiltração macrofágica foi diferente entre os tipos de lesão (2,5 vs. 0,0 vs. 4,5, respectivamente [valores medianos do escore de macrófagos]; p<0,01 para todos), significativamente maior na neoaterosclerose e menor na reestenose. Conclusões Quando comparados pela OCT coronariana, de novo , reestenose intra-stent e neoaterosclerose apresentaram fenótipos inflamatórios marcadamente diferentes.

Abstract Background Coronary stenosis can be caused de novo atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis, and in-stent neoatherosclerosis, three entities that develop from a diverse pathophysiological milieu. Objective This study aims to investigate, using optical coherence tomography (OCT), whether or not coronary lesions related to these processes differ in their local inflammatory profile. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with diagnosed or suspected coronary lesions who had undergone OCT imaging for clinical reasons. Macrophage and intra-plaque neovascularization were assessed by OCT and used as surrogates of local inflammation. A significance level of < 0.05 was adopted as statistically significant. Results From the 121 lesions, 74 were de novo, 29 were restenosis, and 18 were neoatherosclerosis. Neovascularization was found in 65.8% of de novo, 10.3% in restenosis, and 94.4% in neoatherosclerosis (p<0.01 for all). The volume of neovascularization was different among lesion types (950 vs. 0 vs. 6220, respectively [median values in 1000 x µm3/mm]; p<0.01 for all), which were significantly higher in neoatherosclerosis and lower in restenosis. The presence of macrophages differed among the lesions (95.9% in de novo vs. 6.9% in restenosis vs. 100% in neoatherosclerosis [p<0.01 for all]). Moreover, the intensity of macrophagic infiltration was different among lesion types (2.5 vs. 0.0 vs. 4.5, respectively [median values of macrophage score]; p<0.01 for all), significantly higher in neoatheroscleosis and lower in restenosis. Conclusion When compared using coronary OCT, de novo atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis, and neoatherosclerosis presented markedly different inflammatory phenotypes.

Study aimed at identifying and recording smooth or finely punctate cell walled Cosmarium Corda species of the low Doce river region, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Periphytic material was collected monthly during the period October 2018 to February 2020, except for October 2019. We identified 22 taxa and analyzed the environmental conditions (trophic state, pH and total iron) in which each taxon occurred. Our study recorded 21 new records of smooth cell walled Cosmarium for Espírito Santo State and one (Cosmarium trilobulatum var. tumidum Willi Krieger amp; Gerloff) for Brazil.

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e registrar as espécies de Cosmarium Corda de parede lisa ou finamente pontuada na região do baixo rio Doce, no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. O material perifítico foi coletado mensalmente durante o período outubro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2020, exceto no mês de outubro de 2019. Identificamos 22 táxons e analisamos as condições ambientais (estado trófico, pH e ferro total) nas quais cada táxon ocorreu. O estudo registrou 21 novos registros de Cosmarium de parede lisa para o Estado do Espírito Santo e um (Cosmarium trilobulatum var. tumidum Willi Krieger amp; Gerloff) para o Brasil.

Resumo Objetivo Descrever e associar as características das lesões multiligamentares de joelho com o perfil do paciente e mecanismo de trauma. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal que avaliou 82 pacientes com lesões multiligamentares do joelho de setembro de 2016 até setembro de 2018. As variáveis coletadas foram idade, gênero, eixo mecânico, lateralidade, arco de movimento, mecanismo do trauma, lesões associadas, ligamentos afetados e afastamento do trabalho. Resultados A amostra incluiu pacientes de 16 a 58 anos, com média de 29,7 anos, e os homens foram os mais afetados, correspondendo a 92,7% dos casos. O mecanismo de trauma mais comum foi acidente motociclístico (45,1%). O ligamento mais lesado foi o ligamento cruzado anterior (80,5%), seguido do ligamento cruzado posterior (77,1%), do canto posterolateral (61,0%) e do ligamento colateral tibial (26,8%). O tipo de luxação mais frequente era o KD IIIL (30,4%). Apenas 1 paciente apresentou lesão vascular, e 13 (15,9%) apresentaram lesões neurológicas. A maioria das vítimas foi afastada do trabalho (52,4%). Conclusão Há grande diferença entre os pacientes que apresentam lesão multiligamentar no Brasil em relação ao encontrado nos estudos internacionais. Desta forma, convém realizar mais estudos específicos sobre o tema com a nossa população, de modo a aperfeiçoar o tratamento destes pacientes.

Abstract Objective The present paper aims to describe multiligament knee injuries and to associate their features with the profile of the patients and trauma mechanisms. Methods This is a cross-sectional study evaluating 82 patients with multiligament knee injuries from September 2016 to September 2018. Evaluated parameters included age, gender, mechanical axis, affected side, range of motion, trauma mechanism, associated injuries, affected ligaments, and absence from work. Results The sample included patients aged between 16 and 58 years old, with an average age of 29.7 years old; most subjects were males, with 92.7% of cases. The most common trauma mechanism was motorcycle accident (45.1%). The most injured ligament was the anterior cruciate ligament (80.5%), followed by the posterior cruciate ligament (77.1%), the posterolateral corner (61.0%), and the tibial collateral ligament (26.8%). The most frequent type of dislocation was KD IIIL (30.4%). Only 1 patient had a vascular injury, and 13 (15.9%) presented with neurological injuries. Most subjects took medical leave from work (52.4%). Conclusion There is a big difference between patients with multiligament lesions in Brazil compared with international studies. Thus, it is advisable to carry out more specific studies on the topic with our population to improve the treatment of these patients.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e registrar as espécies de Cosmarium Corda de parede lisa ou finamente pontuada na região do baixo rio Doce, no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. O material perifítico foi coletado mensalmente durante o período outubro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2020, exceto no mês de outubro de 2019. Identificamos 22 táxons e analisamos as condições ambientais (estado trófico, pH e ferro total) nas quais cada táxon ocorreu. O estudo registrou 21 novos registros de Cosmarium de parede lisa para o Estado do Espírito Santo e um (Cosmarium trilobulatum var. tumidum Willi Krieger & Gerloff) para o Brasil.

ABSTRACT Study aimed at identifying and recording smooth or finely punctate cell walled Cosmarium Corda species of the low Doce river region, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Periphytic material was collected monthly during the period October 2018 to February 2020, except for October 2019. We identified 22 taxa and analyzed the environmental conditions (trophic state, pH and total iron) in which each taxon occurred. Our study recorded 21 new records of smooth cell walled Cosmarium for Espírito Santo State and one (Cosmarium trilobulatum var. tumidum Willi Krieger & Gerloff) for Brazil.

Resumo Fundamento A estenose coronária pode ser causada por de novo aterosclerose, reestenose intra-stent e neoaterosclerose intra-stent, três entidades que se desenvolvem a partir de diversos meios fisiopatológicos. Objetivos Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar, por meio da tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT), se as lesões coronarianas relacionadas a esses processos diferem em seu perfil inflamatório local. Métodos Análise retrospectiva de pacientes com lesões coronárias diagnosticadas ou suspeitas que realizaram exames de OCT por motivos clínicos. Macrófagos e neovascularização intraplaca foram avaliados por OCT e utilizados como marcadores de inflamação local. O nível de significância < 0,05 foi adotado como estatisticamente significante. Resultados Das 121 lesões, 74 eram de novo , 29 eram reestenose e 18 eram neoaterosclerose. Neovascularização foi encontrada em 65,8% das de novo , 10,3% na reestenose e 94,4% na neoaterosclerose (p<0,01 para todos). O volume de neovascularização foi diferente entre os tipos de lesão (950 vs. 0 vs. 6.220, respectivamente [valores medianos em 1000 x µm 3 /mm]; p<0,01 para todos), sendo significativamente maior na neoaterosclerose e menor na reestenose. A presença de macrófagos diferiu entre as lesões (95,9% em de novo vs. 6,9% em reestenose vs. 100% em neoaterosclerose [p<0,01 para todos]). Além disso, a intensidade da infiltração macrofágica foi diferente entre os tipos de lesão (2,5 vs. 0,0 vs. 4,5, respectivamente [valores medianos do escore de macrófagos]; p<0,01 para todos), significativamente maior na neoaterosclerose e menor na reestenose. Conclusões Quando comparados pela OCT coronariana, de novo , reestenose intra-stent e neoaterosclerose apresentaram fenótipos inflamatórios marcadamente diferentes.

Abstract Background Coronary stenosis can be caused de novo atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis, and in-stent neoatherosclerosis, three entities that develop from a diverse pathophysiological milieu. Objective This study aims to investigate, using optical coherence tomography (OCT), whether or not coronary lesions related to these processes differ in their local inflammatory profile. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with diagnosed or suspected coronary lesions who had undergone OCT imaging for clinical reasons. Macrophage and intra-plaque neovascularization were assessed by OCT and used as surrogates of local inflammation. A significance level of < 0.05 was adopted as statistically significant. Results From the 121 lesions, 74 were de novo, 29 were restenosis, and 18 were neoatherosclerosis. Neovascularization was found in 65.8% of de novo, 10.3% in restenosis, and 94.4% in neoatherosclerosis (p<0.01 for all). The volume of neovascularization was different among lesion types (950 vs. 0 vs. 6220, respectively [median values in 1000 x µm3/mm]; p<0.01 for all), which were significantly higher in neoatherosclerosis and lower in restenosis. The presence of macrophages differed among the lesions (95.9% in de novo vs. 6.9% in restenosis vs. 100% in neoatherosclerosis [p<0.01 for all]). Moreover, the intensity of macrophagic infiltration was different among lesion types (2.5 vs. 0.0 vs. 4.5, respectively [median values of macrophage score]; p<0.01 for all), significantly higher in neoatheroscleosis and lower in restenosis. Conclusion When compared using coronary OCT, de novo atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis, and neoatherosclerosis presented markedly different inflammatory phenotypes.

RESUMO Contexto: a ambidestria é uma capacidade dinâmica que busca equilibrar iniciativas de exploitation e exploration. O desenvolvimento conjunto de exploitation e exploration pode ser alcançado por meio da ambidestria dinâmica. As discussões teóricas envolvendo a relação entre os conceitos de ambidestria e capacidades dinâmicas (CDs) já foram desenvolvidas na literatura. Entretanto, a forma como as três abordagens ambidestras (estrutural, contextual e sequencial) são baseadas em CDs ainda precisa ser observada pelos pesquisadores. Objetivo: o objetivo do estudo é propor um modelo teórico hipotético que explique a influência dos variados tipos de ambidestria organizacional (estrutural, contextual e sequencial) no desenvolvimento das CDs e sua relação com o desempenho organizacional. Metodologia: o estudo foi desenvolvido por meio de uma ampla revisão sistemática da literatura orientada por uma lógica indutiva, epistemologia interpretativa e abordagem qualitativa. Resultados: as análises e discussões possibilitaram a apresentação de um modelo teórico hipotético de ambidestria dinâmica que envolve nove construtos e onze hipóteses. Conclusão: acreditamos que o nosso estudo contribui teoricamente para o campo das estratégias organizacionais e pode possibilitar estudos alinhados com os conceitos de ambidestria dinâmica e CDs.

ABSTRACT Context: ambidexterity is a dynamic capability that seeks to balance exploitation and exploration initiatives. The joint development of exploitation and exploration can be achieved through dynamic ambidexterity. Theoretical discussions involving the relationship between the concepts of ambidexterity and dynamic capabilities (DCs) have already been developed in literature. However, the way the three ambidextrous approaches (structural, contextual, and sequential) are based on DCs still needs to be observed by researchers. Objective: this study aims to propose a conceptual and theoretical hypothetical model that explains the influence of various types of organizational ambidexterity (structural, contextual, and sequential) on the development of DCs and their relation to organizational performance. Methodology: the study was developed through an extensive systematic literature review guided by an inductive logic, interpretive epistemology, and qualitative approach. Results: the analyses and discussions made it possible to present a theoretical hypothetical model of dynamic ambidexterity that involves nine constructs and eleven hypotheses. Conclusion: we believe that our study contributes theoretically to the field of organizational Strategies and can enable studies aligned with the concepts of dynamic ambidexterity and DCs.

Resumo: Introdução: O Brasil tem vivenciado um rápido processo de transição demográfica trazendo consigo novos desafios à saúde pública, dentre eles, a dependência de álcool entre idosos. Objetivo: analisar as evidências literárias sobre as ações de prevenção e intervenção para ao idoso dependente de álcool na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Método: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura realizada em 2020 nas bases de dados LILACS, BDEnf, CUMED, IBECS, MedLine, SciELO, SCOPUS e Web of Science, a partir dos seguintes descritores: “Idoso”, “Álcool”, “Alcoolismo”, “Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool” e “Atenção Primária à Saúde”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos originais disponíveis on-line na íntegra, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol e os de exclusão artigos de revisão bibliográfica, teses, dissertações e opinião de especialistas. Foram identificados um total de 1159 artigos, após exclusão por duplicidade, aplicação de critérios de exclusão e análise qualitativa, permaneceram seis artigos. Resultados: da análise dos dados obtidos foram estruturadas três categorias: Necessidade de triagem para consumo de álcool em pacientes idosos da APS, Eficácia de Intervenção Breve para consumo de álcool na APS e Barreiras para implementação de triagem para consumo de álcool e Intervenção Breve. Conclusões: a aplicação de estratégias de enfrentamento ao consumo de álcool aos pacientes idosos da APS possui custo benefício comprovado, porém não são amplamente realizadas, havendo mais barreiras do que facilitadores para sua implementação. Diante deste contexto, é necessário a realização de estudos objetivando avaliar a eficácia da triagem para consumo de álcool e Intervenção Breve em idosos devido a escassez de estudos em âmbito nacional.

Abstract: Introduction: Brazil has experienced a rapid demographic transition process, bringing with it new challenges to public health, among them, alcohol dependence among the elderly. Objective: to analyze the literary evidence on prevention and intervention actions for the elderly dependent on alcohol in Primary Health Care (PHC). Method: Integrative Literature Review carried out in 2020 in the LILACS, BDEnf, CUMED, IBECS, MedLine, SciELO, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases, based on the following descriptors: “Elderly”, “Alcohol”, “Alcoholism”, “Disorders Related to Alcohol Use” and “Primary Health Care”. Inclusion criteria were: original articles available online in full, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, and exclusion articles for bibliographic review, theses, dissertations and expert opinion. A total of 1159 articles were identified, after exclusion due to duplication, application of exclusion criteria and qualitative analysis, six articles remained. Results: From the analysis of the data obtained, three categories were structured: Need for screening for alcohol consumption in elderly patients in PHC, Efficiency of Brief Intervention for in elderly patients in PHC and Barriers for implementing screening for alcohol consumption. alcohol and Brief Intervention. Conclusions: the application of strategies to cope with alcohol consumption to elderly patients in Primary Health Care has proven cost benefit, but they are not widely implemented, with more barriers than facilitators for their implementation. In this context, it is necessary to carry out studies aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of screening for alcohol consumption and Brief Intervention in the elderly due to the scarcity of studies nationwide.

RESUMO O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o delineamento amostral e os métodos utilizados na série “Flora de algas perifíticas da bacia do baixo rio Doce, após a passagem de rejeitos de minério, Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil”. Esta série apresentará a biodiversidade de algas perifíticas registradas durante o Programa de Monitoramento da Biodiversidade Aquática, Área Ambiental I, realizado na bacia do baixo rio Doce três anos após a passagem do rejeito de minério da barragem de Fundão, Mariana, Estado de Minas Gerais. Foram coletadas mensalmente mensalmente, entre outubro/2018 e fevereiro/2020, amostras da comunidade perifítica em cinco estações amostrais em ambientes lóticos e sete em ambientes lênticos da bacia. Essas amostras foram fixadas e os táxons serão identificados e descritos, seguindo métodos específicos. Esses táxons serão apresentados em fascículos sequenciais, divididos de acordo com sua classificação taxonômica e morfológica. Mais de 900 táxons foram registrados no levantamento. Este é o primeiro trabalho taxonômico sobre algas continentais realizado na bacia do baixo rio Doce.

ABSTRACT The present work aims to describe the sampling design and the methods used in the series “Periphytic algal flora of the Lower Doce River basin (Espírito Santo State, Brazil) after ore tailings flow”. This series will present the biodiversity of periphytic algae registered during the Aquatic Biodiversity Monitoring Program, Environmental Area I, carried out in the Lower Doce River basin three years after the passage of the ore tailings from Fundão dam (Mariana, Minas Gerais). Samples from the periphytic community were collected monthly, between October/2018 and February/2020, at five sampling stations in lotic environments and seven in lentic environments of the basin. These samples were fixed and the taxa will be identified and described, following specific methods. These taxa will be presented in sequential fascicles, split according to their taxonomic and morphological classification. More than 900 taxa have been recorded in this survey. This is the first taxonomic study about inland algae carried out in the Lower Doce River basin.

Resumo: Nesse artigo, aplicações da minimização da norma L1 (ML1) e da norma L∞ (ML∞) na estimação de redes altimétricas foram investigadas. Redes de nivelamento simuladas pela Técnica de Monte Carlo e dados reais da rede brasileira de nivelamento foram empregados nos experimentos. Na identificação de outliers pela ML1, foi verificado que o ajustamento com pesos unitários apresentou condições vantajosas em relação ao modelo estocástico usual dos pesos proporcionais ao inverso do comprimento das linhas de nivelamento. O Classificador VL1, que estipula um Valor de Corte para os resíduos do ajustamento pela ML1 a partir do qual a respectiva observação passa a ser classificada como outlier, foi proposto. A taxa de sucesso dele na identificação de outliers foi superior à do procedimento data snooping iterativo em cenários de geometria da rede deficiente. Já a aplicação da ML∞ investigada é posterior ao tratamento de outliers. Um modelo estocástico alternativo para ajustamento da rede pelo MMQ que aproveitou a característica de minimização do máximo resíduo absoluto da rede no ajustamento pela ML∞ foi analisado. Além dessa minimização, o ajustamento da rede pelo MMQ com o modelo alternativo gerou, na significativa maioria dos casos, resíduos e precisão desses e dos parâmetros estimados mais homogêneos, com menor desvio padrão, que aqueles com o modelo estocástico usual. Todos os resultados são especialmente relevantes para o caso de redes altimétricas.

Abstract In this paper, applications of L1 norm minimization (ML1) and of L∞ norm minimization (ML∞) in the estimation of leveling networks were investigated. Leveling networks simulated by the Monte Carlo technique and real data from the Brazilian leveling network were employed in the experiments. In the identification of outliers by ML1, it was verified that the adjustment with unit weights presented advantageous conditions in relation to the usual stochastic model of weights of observations as proportional to the inverse of the length of the leveling lines. The Classificador VL1, which stipulates a cut-off value for the residuals of the adjustment by ML1 from which the respective observation is classified as outlier, was proposed. Its success rate in identifying outliers was higher than that of the iterative data snooping procedure in poor network geometry scenarios. The application investigated for ML∞ is after the treatment of outliers. An alternative stochastic model for network adjustment by Least Squares (LS) that took advantage of the characteristic of minimization of the maximum absolute residual of the network in the adjustment by ML∞ was analyzed. In addition to this minimization, the adjustment of the network by LS with the proposed model generated, in most cases, residuals and precision of these and of the estimated parameters more homogeneous, with lower standard deviation, than those with the usual stochastic model. All results are especially relevant for the case of altimetric networks.

Abstract Paper aims This research aims to evaluate factors that influence knowledge sharing in automotive production context in Brazil and China. Originality Despite the growing recognition of the factors that enable knowledge sharing in organizations, our understanding about the unique challenges encountered by the blue-collar workers in a production context is rather limited. Also, the paper raises issues and challenges involved for production organizations to engage in cross-national knowledge sharing, which remain relatively under-explored. Research method Drawing on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach, we conduct a comparative survey among the production managers in five automotive plants in China and Brazil. The AHP approach is based on Objective: Promote knowledge sharing among production workers; Criteria of knowledge conversion as Socialization, Externalization, Internalization; and Alternatives as Structure, Communication, Training, Incentive, Standard Operating Procedure, Problem Solving Methodology. The methodology focused on the 3 Brazilian and 2 Chinese automotive plants in our fieldwork. Main findings While many authors argue that socialization (dialogue) is the key form of worker knowledge sharing, our findings indicate that workers and managers perceive internalisation as more important in the automotive context. The significant differences between Chinese and Brazilian workers on the relative importance they attributed to knowledge sharing processes and corresponding enabling factors reinforce our understanding about the challenges of knowledge sharing across cultures and lends support to a more particularistic debate of knowledge management. While automotive workers in Brazil preferred to receive more training and better incentive schemes as essential knowledge sharing support mechanisms, Chinese workers valued more standardization through structure and standard operation procedures. The study reaffirms the role of knowledge sharing in continuous improvement and incremental innovation in shop floor operations. Implications for theory and practice In lieu of the gaps in the extant literature, this research aims to further identify and evaluate factors that influence cross-national knowledge sharing in automotive production contexts. The research addressed the gaps to promote supportive ways to provide employees interaction, best practices and lessons learning sharing.

Abstract This article has theoretically discussed some points regarding outliers caused by errors in geodetic observations (see consideration made). Comments have also been made on the usual 3σ-rule to identify outliers and its common approachs in the simulation of outliers in geodetic networks. Three simulated experiments have been conducted to verify the elements discussed. In the first one, with the simulation of random errors, we have verified that it can have a magnitude large enough to generate outliers. In the second one, in scenarios of leveling network simulated by Monte Carlo methods, observations containing gross errors with a lower magnitude than their respective σ tended to not be identified as outliers by the iterative data snooping procedure. This has also occurred in the third experiment, in which gross errors of magnitude 3.1σ had their value masked by the random error of the respective observation. From the conceptual discussion presented, we have concluded that gross error and outlier are not synonyms, and neither is one a particular case of the other. From the obtained results, we have concluded that there are inconsistencies in how outliers have been simulated in geodetic networks, which indicates the need to continue with investigations.

ABSTRACT: Owing to the lack of information in the literature about the ideal feeding frequency adopted by feedlot systems, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of different feeding frequencies on performance, carcass traits, feeding behavior and rumen morphometrics of Nellore cattle. Forty-eight yearling bulls were housed in individual pens with an average initial body weight of 358.2 kg. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block and the treatments were the feeding of cattle one, two, three, or four times daily (n = 12 per treatment). Orthogonal contrasts were used to assess linear, quadratic and cubic relationship between feeding frequency and the dependent variable. As feeding frequency increased, final body weight (p = 0.03) and average daily gain (p = 0.01; one: 0.98 kg d–1; two: 0.96 kg d–1; three: 1.18 kg d–1; four: 1.14 kg d–1) increased linearly and the feed:gain ratio decreased (p = 0.02). Also, as feeding frequency increased, hot carcass weight was affected cubically (p = 0.01; one: 246.9 kg; two: 243.0 kg; three: 263.1 kg; four: 258.1 kg). During the adaptation period dry matter intake variation was affected cubically (p ≤ 0.05; one: 16 %; two: 23 %; three: 14 %; four: 16 %). Increases in feeding frequency affected papillae height (p < 0.01) and papillae surface area (p < 0.01) cubically, as well as producing increases in the mitotic index (p = 0.05; one: 9 %; two: 11 %; three: 13 %; four: 13 %) and cells in proliferation (p = 0.05) linearly. Thus, Nellore yearling bulls should be fed three times daily in feedlot operations.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the presence of roosters on welfare and egg production of laying hens reared in an alternative system. Two breeding systems were established: barn 1 - laying hens reared without roosters (4500 birds); and barn 2 - laying hens reared with roosters (4500 layers and 250 roosters). In the poultry facilities, microclimate, egg production, mortality rate, and bird behavior were evaluated. Microclimate analysis showed that the birds were subjected to periods of constant heat stress, except for the morning hours. However, even under these conditions, egg production results and mortality rate were consistent with the indices recommended in the Isa Brown management guide in the barn with roosters; the indices obtained were even better and were characterized by higher egg production and lower mortality rates. In addition to productivity benefits, the presence of roosters broadened the behavioral repertoire of the birds due to the introduction of reproductive behaviors. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the tolerance-reflex behavior, which is associated with the impossibility of displaying reproductive behaviors. This alternative egg production system proved to promote animal welfare since it provides and stimulates the display of behaviors considered important for birds.