Methods used to determine pesticide residues in teas typically require several laborious steps for sample preparation before analysis. In this study, a simple method based on solid-liquid extraction with low-temperature partitioning (SLE/LTP) and analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was optimized and validated for the determination of pesticide residues (pirimiphos-methyl, flutriafol, cyproconazole, and bifenthrin) in dehydrated green tea leaves. After low-temperature partitioning (LTP), the extract in acetonitrile was subjected to a clean-up step using primary secondary amine (PSA) and octadecylsilane (C18) as sorbents for chlorophyll removal. The optimized SLE/LTP-GC-MS method was validated, and it proved to be effective and selective for extracting pesticides from green tea samples, presenting limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.015 and 0.050 mg kg-1, respectively. Recovery ranged between 81-111%, coefficients of variation were less than 16% and coefficients of determination (R2) were greater than 0.990. The optimized and validated method was applied to green tea and 13 other tea varieties sampled in South and Southeast regions of Brazil. The pesticides under study were detected in some of those samples at values higher than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) allowed by the European Union. solidliquid solid liquid lowtemperature low temperature SLE/LTP SLELTP SLE LTP (SLE/LTP GCMS GC MS (GC-MS pirimiphosmethyl, pirimiphosmethyl pirimiphos methyl, methyl (pirimiphos-methyl flutriafol cyproconazole bifenthrin leaves LTP, , (LTP) cleanup clean up PSA (PSA C18 C (C18 removal SLE/LTPGCMS SLELTPGCMS LOD (LOD LOQ (LOQ 0015 0 015 0.01 0050 050 0.05 kg1, kg1 kg 1, 1 kg-1 respectively 81111%, 81111 81 111%, 111 81-111% 16 R2 R (R2 0990 990 0.990 Brazil MRLs (MRLs Union (LTP C1 (C1 LTPGCMS 001 01 0.0 005 05 kg- 81111% 8111 8 111% 11 81-111 (R 099 99 0.99 (C 00 0. 811 81-11 09 9 0.9 81-1 81-

The essential oil extracted from Anemia tomentosa (EOAT) has shown larvicidal potential against Aedes aegypti, based on methods in vitro and in silico. Chromatographic and spectrometric techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS), gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID)), as well as mono and bidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were used to assess 10 essential oil components. Chemical composition of essential oil comprised 87.51% sesquiterpenes, with emphasis on presilphiperfolan-1-ol (42.13%) and silphiperfol-5-ene (19.47%). Larvicidal assay conducted in vitro with EOAT has evidenced potential cytotoxic activity up to 48 h exposure to it; mortality rate observed for A. aegypti larvae exposed to essential oil reached 100%. Study conducted in silico with chemical compounds deriving from the herein investigated plant species has evidenced its potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase in A. aegypti. Activity of triquinane sesquiterpenes ranging from -6.8 to -8.2 kcal mol-1 stood out in comparison to that of temephos (-7.5 kcal mol-1). Chemical compounds identified in the investigated essential oil presented low human and environmental toxicity, as observed in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and toxicity (ADMETox) predictions. (EOAT chromatographymass chromatography mass CGMS, CGMS CG MS , (CG-MS) chromatographyflame flame GCFID, GCFID GC FID (GC-FID)) NMR (NMR 1 components 8751 87 51 87.51 presilphiperfolan1ol presilphiperfolanol presilphiperfolan ol 42.13% 4213 42 13 (42.13% silphiperfol5ene silphiperfolene silphiperfol 5 ene 19.47%. 1947 19.47% . 19 47 (19.47%) 4 it A 100 100% 6.8 68 6 8 -6. 8.2 82 2 -8. mol1 mol mol- 7.5 75 7 (-7. mol1. mol-1) absorption distribution excretion ADMETox (ADMETox predictions (CG-MS (GC-FID) 875 87.5 42.13 421 (42.13 194 19.47 (19.47% 6. -6 8. -8 7. (-7 (GC-FID 87. 42.1 (42.1 19.4 (19.47 - (- 42. (42. 19. (19.4 ( (42 (19. (4 (19 (1

Species from Pavonia genus (Malvaceae) are traditionally used as antioxidant, n anti inflammatory and antimicrobial remedies. Previous studies have revealed their diversity of specialized metabolites widely used in the development of new medicines. This is the first study on Pavonia glazioviana Gurke, a Brazilian species known as “Malva da Chapada”. The research led to identify fifteen compounds: 132 (S) hydroxy pheophytin a; and 132(S) hydroxy 173 ethoxyphaeophorbide, n decanol, cycloart 23Z ene 3β,25 diol, cycloart 24S 25 ene 3β,24 diol, sitosterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, stigmasterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, quercetin, acacetin, kaempferol, tiliroside, 5 hydroxy 3,7,8,4’ tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 4’ methoxyflavone, 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3,8 dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3 methoxyflavone. The major flavonoids were tested for their antimicrobial activity, and the compound 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone showed strong activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida albicans (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida tropicalis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida parapsilosis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Aspergillus flavus (MIC = 512 μg mL1) and A. fumigantus (MIC = 512 μg mL1). The total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging potential were determined showing its great production of phenolics and flavonoids, along with interesting radical scavenging potential (DPPH EC50 = 6.36 ± 0.029 mg mL 1). Our findings contributed to characterize P. glazioviana as a source of methoxylated flavonoids with antimicrobial potential. Malvaceae (Malvaceae antioxidant remedies medicines Gurke Malva Chapada. Chapada . Chapada” compounds 13 S (S 132S 132(S 17 ethoxyphaeophorbide decanol Z 3β25 3β 3β,2 diol 2 3β24 24 glucopyranoside quercetin acacetin kaempferol tiliroside 3,7,8,4 3784 7 8 4 tetramethoxyflavone 57 5, 3,8,4 384 methoxyflavone 5,7,4 574 38 3, MIC 51 mL1, mL1 , A mL1. content DPPH EC EC5 636 6 36 6.3 0029 0 029 0.02 1. 1 1) P 3β2 3β, 3,7,8, 378 3,8, 5,7, 63 6. 002 02 0.0 3,7,8 37 00 0. 3,7, 3,7

RESUMO Regiões com climas semiáridos apresentam condições ambientais que resultam em estresses abióticos às plantas. A maior área de produção de melão (Cucumis melo L.) do Brasil, o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, possui essas características climáticas. O uso de bioestimulantes nesses sistemas de produção pode mitigar os efeitos dos estresses abióticos e aumentar a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos. O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar as características fisiológicas e de produção do meloeiro, sob aplicação de bioestimulantes. Os bioestimulantes Acadian®, Folicist® e Nov@® foram aplicados e comparados ao tratamento controle (sem bioestimulantes), em melões ‘Goldex’ e ‘McLaren’. Nov@® proporcionou maior assimilação de CO2, transpiração e condutância estomática, assim como ascorbato peroxidase em ‘Goldex’ e ‘McLaren’. Maior catalase foi obtida pela aplicação de Nov@®, enquanto que o uso de Folicist® resultou em maior teor de malondialdeído. A cultivar McLaren apresentou o melhor desempenho fisiológico e bioquímico e a ‘Goldex’ o melhor rendimento. Folicist® promove adaptações fisiológicas aos estresses sem prejudicar a atividade fotossintética. Os bioestimulantes aumentaram a produtividade e o número de frutos por planta e promoveram adaptações fisiológicas às condições semiáridas. plantas Cucumis L. L Brasil Norte climáticas meloeiro Acadian Acadian® Folicist Nov Nov@ bioestimulantes, , bioestimulantes) ‘Goldex Goldex ‘McLaren. ‘McLaren . ‘McLaren’ CO2 CO estomática malondialdeído rendimento fotossintética semiáridas

ABSTRACT Regions with semi-arid climates have environmental conditions that result in abiotic stress to plants. The largest melon (Cucumis melo L.) production area in Brazil, the state of Rio Grande do Norte, has these climatic characteristics. Use of biostimulants in these production systems can mitigate effects of abiotic stress and increase yield and fruit quality. The objective in this study was to evaluate the physiological and production characteristics of melon, under the application of biostimulants. The biostimulants Acadian®, Folicist® and Nov@® were applied and compared to the control treatment (no biostimulants), in ‘Goldex’ and ‘McLaren’ melons. Nov@® led to higher CO2 assimilation, transpiration and stomatal conductance, as well as ascorbate peroxidase, in ‘Goldex’ and ‘McLaren’. Greater catalase was obtained with the application of Nov@®, while the use of Folicist® resulted in higher malondialdehyde content. The cultivar ‘McLaren’ exhibited the best physiological and biochemical performance, and ‘Goldex’ the best yield. Folicist® promotes physiological adaptations to stress without impairing photosynthetic activity. The biostimulants increased yield and number of fruits per plant and promoted physiological adaptations to semi-arid conditions. semiarid semi arid plants Cucumis L. L Brazil Norte quality Acadian Acadian® Folicist Nov Nov@ no biostimulants, , biostimulants) ‘Goldex Goldex ‘McLaren McLaren melons CO assimilation conductance peroxidase ‘McLaren. . content performance activity

RESUMO O uso de estimulante de crescimento é uma tecnologia promissora para a agricultura por proporcionar melhor condição de crescimento para as plantas, pois são oriundos da mistura de reguladores vegetais, minerais, aminoácidos e outras substâncias que têm sido testadas em diferentes plantas. Assim, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos do tratamento com micronutrientes e aminoácidos em sementes e adubação foliar em plantas de melancia (Citrullus lanatus), sobre o crescimento inicial das plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e arranjo fatorial 6 x 2 composto por seis doses do tratamento de sementes (0; 1; 2; 3; 4 e 5 mL kg-1 sementes) e sem ou com adubação foliar utilizando o bioestimulante na dose de 300 mL ha-1. Foram avaliados: número de folhas por planta; comprimento da parte aérea, raiz e total das plantas (cm); massa seca da parte aérea, raiz e total das plantas. A dose de 4 mL kg-1 sementes de melancia, cultivar Crimson Sweet, no tratamento de sementes e a adubação foliar no vigésimo sexto dia após a emergência das plântulas na dose de 300 ml ha-1 proporcionam melhores condições de crescimento as plantas devido aos incrementos nas variáveis número de folhas, comprimento e massa seca da parte aérea e total. vegetais minerais Assim objetivouse objetivou se Citrullus lanatus, lanatus , lanatus) casualizados 0 (0 1 3 kg1 kg kg- 30 ha1. ha1 ha 1. avaliados planta cm (cm) Sweet ha- ( (cm

ABSTRACT Plant growth stimulants are a promising technology for agriculture to improve plant growth. These stimulants are often derived from a blend of plant regulators, minerals, amino acids, and other substances tested on various plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a growth stimulant (micronutrients and amino acids) for seed treatment and foliar application on the initial growth of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus; cultivar Crimson Sweet). A randomized block experimental design with four replications was used, in a 6×2 factorial arrangement consisted of six growth stimulant rates (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mL kg-1) for seed treatment, combined or not with foliar application of the same growth stimulant at 300 mL ha-1 26 days after sowing. The plant characteristics evaluated were: number of leaves per plant; shoot, root, and total plant lengths (cm); and shoot, root, and total dry weights. The use of the growth stimulant rate of 4 mL kg-1 for treating watermelon seeds, combined with foliar application of the growth stimulant (300 mL ha-1 26 days after sowing), provided the best growth conditions to the plants, which was shown by their higher number of leaves, shoot length, and shoot and total dry weights. regulators minerals acids plants micronutrients Citrullus lanatus Sweet. Sweet . Sweet) used 62 6 2 6× 0, 0 (0 1 3 kg1 kg 30 ha1 ha ha- sowing were root cm (cm) weights kg- seeds (30 sowing, , sowing) length ( (cm (3

This study details the preparation, antileishmanial assay, and in silico analysis of twenty 2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,3-triazolyl)propyl vanillin derivatives. These compounds were synthesized in three steps and evaluated against Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes. Compounds 3s and 3t were the most effective, showing good activity against all Leishmania species tested. Molecular docking indicated that all compounds bind favorably to the sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) enzyme from L. infantum. ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) analysis indicated good oral bioavailability, non blood-brain barrier penetration, and high gastrointestinal absorption. Posaconazole and compounds 3e, 3s, and 3t remained stable in the CYP51 binding region during 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuations (RMSF) analyses from the MD trajectory revealed significant conformational fluctuations of the CYP51 N-terminal, suggesting occasional expulsion of 3e, potentially explaining its higher IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values. Pairwise decomposition analyses from molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) calculations highlighted the importance of hydrophobic residues in interacting with the synthesized derivatives. preparation assay 2hydroxy31,2,3triazolylpropyl 2hydroxy3123triazolylpropyl hydroxytriazolylpropyl 2 hydroxy 3 1,2,3 triazolyl propyl 1 derivatives infantum amazonensis promastigotes s t effective tested 14αdemethylase αdemethylase 14α demethylase α CYP (CYP51 L absorption, absorption (absorption distribution metabolism toxicity bioavailability bloodbrain blood brain penetration 3e e CYP5 10 (MD simulations RMSD (RMSD RMSF (RMSF Nterminal, Nterminal N terminal, terminal N-terminal IC IC5 halfmaximal half maximal concentration values PoissonBoltzmann Poisson Boltzmann MM/PBSA MMPBSA MM PBSA (MM/PBSA 2hydroxy31 3triazolylpropyl triazolylpropyl 123 1,2, (CYP5 2hydroxy3 12 1,2 (CYP 2hydroxy 1,

RESUMO A contaminação do solo com metais tóxicos traz consigo graves problemas ambientais. Dentre esses metais, o cobre (Cu) é prejudicial ao desenvolvimento das plantas quando atinge elevados níveis de contaminação no solo. Assim, identificar espécies capazes de resistir a esse tipo de contaminação auxilia nos processos de revegetação e descontaminação desses locais. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a tolerância de plantas de Cedrela fissilis ao excesso de Cu através de variáveis morfofisiológicas e bioquímicas. Mudas de C. fissilis foram submetidas a cinco concentrações de Cu (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 mg L-1). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Características morfofisiológicas (número de folhas, altura da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz, massa seca, variáveis morfológicas do sistema radicular e área foliar) e bioquímicas (enzimas antioxidantes, peroxidação lipídica, concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio e pigmentos fotossintéticos) e Cu acumulado nas raízes e folhas foram avaliados. Altas concentrações de Cu tiveram efeito negativo no peso seco da parte aérea e das raízes, na taxa fotossintética, na condutância estomática e na taxa transpiratória. No geral, o Cu aumentou a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes e a peroxidação lipídica. Portanto, a incidência de Cu na solução nutritiva influenciou negativamente as características bioquímicas e fisiológicas das mudas de C. fissilis em detrimento do seu crescimento. Assim, foi possível identificar o comportamento sensível da espécie investigada. Devido a essas características, mudas de C. fissilis podem ser utilizadas como bioindicadoras de áreas contaminadas por cobre. ambientais (Cu Assim locais Portanto C 0, 0 (0 2 4 L1. L1 L 1 . L-1) casualizado repetições número raiz seca foliar lipídica fotossintéticos avaliados fotossintética transpiratória geral crescimento investigada ( L-1 L-

ABSTRACT Soil contamination with toxic metals brings along severe environmental issues. Among these metals, copper (Cu) is harmful to plant development when it reaches high contamination levels in the soil. Thus, identifying species capable of resisting this contamination type helps these sites’ revegetation and decontamination processes. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the tolerance of Cedrela fissilis plants to excess Cu through morphophysiological and biochemical variables. C. fissilis seedlings were subjected to five concentrations of Cu (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg L-1). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and four repetitions. Morphophysiological (number of leaves, shoot height, root length, dry weight, morphological variables of the root system, and leaf area) and biochemical (antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and photosynthetic pigments) traits and Cu accumulated in roots and shoot were evaluated. High concentrations of Cu had a negative effect on the shoot and root dry weight, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. Overall, Cu increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, Cu incidence in the nutrient solution has negatively influenced the biochemical and physiological traits of C. fissilis seedlings to the detriment of their growth. Thus, it was possible to identify sensitive behavior by the investigated species. Because of these features, C. fissilis seedlings can be used as markers for copper-contaminated areas. issues (Cu soil Thus sites processes Therefore C 0, 0 (0 2 4 6 L1. L1 L 1 . L-1) randomized repetitions number leaves height length weight system area peroxidation concentration pigments evaluated rate conductance Overall growth features coppercontaminated contaminated areas ( L-1 L-

RESUMO O potássio é um nutriente com potencial para aumentar a tolerância das plantas ao estresse salino. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade da couve submetida ao estresse salino e às concentrações de potássio em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em parcela subdivididas, sendo as parcelas compostas por cinco soluções nutritivas (tratamento controle, S1 - solução nutritiva padrão usando água de baixa salinidade, 0,5 dS m-1 (500 mg L-1 de KNO3), e quatro soluções nutritivas preparadas em águas salobras (3,5 dS m-1) contendo quatro concentrações de KNO3 (S2 - 500 mg L-1, S3 - 625 mg L-1, S4 - 750 mg L-1, S5 - 1.000 mg L-1). As subparcelas foram representadas por duas cultivares de couve folha (Manteiga e Manteiga da Geórgia). Foram avaliadas as variáveis de produção de folhas e qualidades físicas e químicas pós-colheita. A solução nutritiva salinizada com adição de NaCl (S2) reduziu a produção, mas não reduziu a qualidade pós-colheita da couve folha. A adição extra de KNO3 em 25% (S3) foi eficiente para reduzir o efeito deletério do estresse salino sobre as variáveis comprimento de folha, área foliar, produção e número de maços. A cv. Manteiga da Geórgia se mostrou mais tolerante ao estresse salino que a cv. Manteiga. protegido subdivididas tratamento controle S salinidade 05 0 5 0, m1 m 1 m- (50 L1 L L- KNO3, KNO , KNO3) 3,5 35 3 (3, S2 (S 50 L1, 1, 62 75 1000 000 1.00 L1. . L-1) Geórgia. Geórgia) póscolheita. póscolheita pós colheita. colheita 25 (S3 foliar maços cv (5 3, (3 6 7 100 00 1.0 2 ( 10 1.

ABSTRACT Potassium is a nutrient with the potential to increase plant tolerance to salt stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and quality of kale subjected to salt stress and potassium concentrations in a protected environment. The experimental design was in split plots, with plots composed of five nutrient solutions (control treatment, S1 - standard nutrient solution prepared in low-salinity water, 0.5 dS m-1 (500 mg L-1 of KNO3), and four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish waters (3.5 dS m-1) containing four concentrations of KNO3 (S2 - 500 mg L-1, S3 - 625 mg L-1, S4 - 750 mg L-1, S5 - 1,000 mg L-1), and subplots represented by two leaf kale cultivars (Manteiga and Manteiga da Geórgia). Leaf production variables and post-harvest physical and chemical qualities were evaluated. The saline nutrient solution with the addition of NaCl (S2) reduced production but did not reduce the post-harvest quality of kale. The extra addition of KNO3 at 25% (S3) was efficient in reducing the deleterious effects of salt stress on the variables leaf length, leaf area, leaf production, and number of bunches. The cv. Manteiga da Geórgia was more tolerant to salt stress than the cv. Manteiga. environment control treatment S lowsalinity low salinity water 05 0 5 0. m1 m 1 m- (50 L1 L L- KNO3, KNO , KNO3) 3.5 35 3 (3. S2 (S 50 L1, 1, 62 75 1000 000 1,00 L-1) Geórgia. . Geórgia) postharvest post harvest evaluated 25 (S3 length area bunches cv (5 3. (3 6 7 100 00 1,0 2 ( 10

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between inflammatory markers and abdominal fat assessed by ultrasound in prepubertal children with and without excess weight. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 241 prepubertal children, 156 with obesity, 37 with overweight, and 48 with normal weight, aged five to ten years, who were followed at a research unit on Childhood Obesity from a teaching hospital belonging to a public health system. The concentration of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein were assessed and regression analyses, considering outcome variables such as abdominal wall and intra-abdominal fat thickness measured by ultrasound, were performed. Results The findings highlighted an association between abdominal fat and inflammatory markers, even in children at this young age group. Subcutaneous fat showed a stronger association with inflammatory biomarkers compared to intra-abdominal fat when performing logistic regression, with a positive association between tumor necrosis factor-α and abdominal wall thickness equal to or greater than the 75th percentile in adjusted logistic regression (OR: 18.12; CI 95 %: 1.57: 209.55). Conclusions Abdominal wall fat, in contrast to what is often observed in adults, appears to have a greater impact on chronic inflammation related to excessive weight in very young children. crosssectional cross sectional 24 15 obesity 3 overweight 4 years system interleukin6, interleukin6 interleukin 6, 6 interleukin-6 factorα factor α Creactive C reactive analyses intraabdominal intra performed group th OR (OR 18.12 1812 18 12 9 % 1.57 157 1 57 209.55. 20955 209.55 . 209 55 209.55) adults 2 interleukin- 18.1 181 1.5 5 2095 209.5 20 18. 1. 209.

Abstract Background: Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is caused by an inflammatory process induced by Trypanosoma cruzi, which leads to myocarditis with reactive and reparative fibrosis. CCC progresses with myocardial perfusion abnormalities and histopathological events that affect cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Objectives: We evaluated the effects of aerobic physical training (APT) on myocardial perfusion and on morphological and functional impairments related with inflammation and fibrosis in Syrian hamsters with CCC. As a secondary objective, we analyzed the cross-sectional areas of the skeletal muscle. Methods: Hamsters with CCC and their respective controls were divided into four groups: CCC sedentary, CCC-APT, sedentary control and APT control. Seven months after infection, the animals underwent echocardiography, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Moderate-intensity APT was performed for fifty minutes, five times a week, for eight weeks. Subsequently, the animals were reassessed. Histopathological analysis was conducted after the above-mentioned procedures. The level of significance was set at 5% in all analyses (p<0.05). Results: CCC sedentary animals presented worse myocardial perfusion defects (MPD) over time, reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and showed more inflammation and fibrosis when compared to other groups (mixed ANOVA analysis). Conversely, APT was able to mitigate the progression of MPD, ameliorate inflammation and fibrosis and improve CRF efficiency in CCC-APT animals. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that APT ameliorated cardiac dysfunction, MPD, and reduced inflammation and fibrosis in CCC hamster models. Additionally, CCC-SED animals presented skeletal muscle atrophy while CCC-APT animals showed preserved skeletal muscle CSA. Understanding APT's effects on CCC's pathophysiological dimensions is crucial for future research and therapeutic interventions. Background (CCC cruzi CRF. . (CRF) Objectives (APT objective crosssectional cross sectional Methods CCCAPT, CCCAPT APT, infection echocardiography testing Moderateintensity Moderate intensity minutes week weeks Subsequently reassessed abovementioned above mentioned procedures 5 p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) Results MPD (MPD time LVEF (LVEF mixed analysis. analysis) Conversely Conclusions dysfunction models Additionally CCCSED SED CSA APTs s CCCs interventions (CRF p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Fundamento: A Cardiomiopatia Chagásica Crônica (CCC) é causada por um processo inflamatório induzido pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, que leva à miocardite com fibrose reativa e reparativa. A CCC progride com alterações de perfusão miocárdica e eventos histopatológicos que afetam a Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória (ACR). Objetivos: Avaliamos os efeitos do Treinamento Físico Aeróbico (TFA) na perfusão miocárdica e nos comprometimentos morfológicos e funcionais relacionados à inflamação e fibrose em hamsters sírios com CCC. Como objetivo secundário, analisamos as áreas de secção transversa do músculo esquelético. Métodos: Hamsters com CCC e seus respectivos controles foram divididos em quatro grupos: CCC sedentário, CCC-TFA, controle sedentário e controle TFA. Sete meses após a infecção, os animais foram submetidos à ecocardiografia, à cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica e ao teste de esforço cardiopulmonar. TFA de intensidade moderada foi realizado durante cinquenta minutos, cinco vezes por semana, por oito semanas. Posteriormente, os animais foram reavaliados. A análise histopatológica foi realizada após os procedimentos acima mencionados. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5% em todas as análises (p<0,05). Resultados: Animais com CCC sedentários apresentaram piores Defeitos de Perfusão Miocárdica (DPM) ao longo do tempo, Fração de Ejeção do Ventrículo Esquerdo (FEVE) reduzida, e apresentaram mais inflamação e fibrose quando comparados aos demais grupos (análise ANOVA mista). Por outro lado, o TFA foi capaz de mitigar a progressão do DPM, atenuar a inflamação e a fibrose e melhorar a eficiência da ACR em animais CCC-TFA. Conclusão: Nosso estudo demonstrou que o TFA melhorou a disfunção cardíaca, DPM e reduziu a inflamação e a fibrose em modelos de hamster com CCC. Além disso, os animais CCC-SED apresentaram atrofia do músculo esquelético, enquanto os animais CCC-TFA apresentaram a AST do músculo esquelético preservada. Compreender os efeitos da TFA nas dimensões fisiopatológicas da CCC é crucial para futuras pesquisas e intervenções terapêuticas. Fundamento (CCC cruzi reparativa ACR. . (ACR) Objetivos (TFA secundário Métodos CCCTFA, CCCTFA TFA, infecção ecocardiografia cardiopulmonar minutos semana semanas Posteriormente reavaliados mencionados 5 p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 0 05 (p<0,05) Resultados (DPM tempo FEVE (FEVE reduzida mista. mista mista) lado CCCTFA. Conclusão cardíaca disso CCCSED SED preservada terapêuticas (ACR p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

RESUMO Técnicas alternativas de cultivo sem solo são difundidas; no entanto, estudos comparando os sistemas hidropônicos ainda precisam ser estudados, principalmente em regiões semiáridas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a efeito de sistemas hidropônicos na produtividade e qualidade de cultivares de alface submetidas a diferentes condutividades elétricas da solução nutritiva. A pesquisa foi conduzida em casa de vegetação, adotando delineamento inteiramente casualizado. em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 × 3, sendo duas cultivares de alface (Cinderela e Rubinela), duas condutividades elétricas (2,90 e 1,6 dS m-1), e três sistemas hidropônicos (NFT, semi-hidropônico e floating), com três repetições. Foram avaliados número de folhas, suculência foliar, área foliar específica, massa fresca foliar, massa seca total, área foliar, acidez titulável, vitamina C e sólidos solúveis. A cultivar Cinderela apresentou maior massa fresca de folhas, massa seca total, área foliar, acidez titulável e vitamina C e sólidos solúveis. Os sistemas NFT e floating proporcionaram maior produtividade e qualidade foliar, especialmente na solução de 1,60 dS m-1. O sistema semi-hidropônico proporcionou maior desenvolvimento das plantas com solução nutritiva mais concentrada (2,90 dS m-1). difundidas entanto estudados semiáridas vegetação casualizado 3 Rubinela, Rubinela , Rubinela) 2,90 290 90 (2,9 16 1 6 1, m1, m1 m m-1) NFT, (NFT semihidropônico semi hidropônico floating, floating) repetições folhas específica total solúveis 160 60 m1. 1. m-1 . 2,9 29 9 (2, m- 2, (2 (

ABSTRACT Alternative techniques for cultivation without soil are widespread; however, studies comparing hydroponic systems still need to be studied, mainly in semi-arid regions. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroponic systems on the yield and quality of lettuce cultivars subjected to different electrical conductivities of the nutrient solution. The research was conducted in a greenhouse, adopting a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial scheme, being two lettuce cultivars (Cinderela and Rubinela), two electrical conductivities (2.90 and 1.6 dS m-1), and three hydroponics systems (NFT, semi-hydroponic, and floating), with three replications. The number of leaves, leaf succulence, specific leaf area, leaf fresh mass, total dry mass, leaf area, titratable acidity, vitamin C, and soluble solids were evaluated. Cinderela cultivar showed the highest average leaf fresh mass, total dry mass, leaf area, and vitamin C values. The NFT and floating systems provided the highest leaf yield and quality, especially in the solution of 1.60 dS m-1. The semi-hydroponic system provided greater development of the plants with a more concentrated nutrient solution (2.90 dS m-1). widespread however studied semiarid semi arid regions greenhouse scheme Rubinela, Rubinela , Rubinela) 2.90 290 90 (2.9 16 1 6 1. m1, m1 m m-1) NFT, (NFT semihydroponic, semihydroponic hydroponic, floating, floating) replications leaves succulence area mass acidity evaluated values 160 60 m1. m-1 . 2.9 29 9 (2. m- 2. (2 (

RESUMO O potássio é um dos nutrientes mais importantes para o algodoeiro, sendo um elemento que participa de muitas funções fisiológicas na planta. Além disso, sua adequada disponibilidade favorece melhor desempenho produtivo à cultura. Logo, objetivou-se avaliar nesta pesquisa os componentes agronômicos em cultivares de algodão naturalmente colorido adubadas com doses de potássio no Semiárido brasileiro. Para isto, dois experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, localizada no município de Mossoró, RN, nos períodos de julho a novembro de 2019 e julho a novembro de 2021. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, arranjados em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, foram alocadas as doses de potássio (0, 60, 120, 180 e 240 kg ha-1 de K2O); e, nas subparcelas, as quatro cultivares de algodão naturalmente colorido (BRS Rubi, BRS Safira, BRS Verde e BRS Topázio). As cultivares de algodão colorido respondem à adubação potássica em função das condições edafoclimáticas as quais estão expostas. A cultivar BRS Topázio obteve maior produtividade e porcentagem de fibra nas duas safras de cultivo, destacando o seu potencial para a região. A dose de 240 kg ha-1 de K2O aumentou a produtividade do algodão colorido, em cultivo de segunda safra. As cultivares BRS Safira, BRS Rubi e BRS Verde foram pouco produtivas. algodoeiro planta disso cultura Logo objetivouse objetivou se brasileiro isto Fernandes Mossoró RN 201 2021 casualizados subdivididas repetições 0, 0 (0 60 120 18 24 ha1 ha 1 ha- KO K K2O) subparcelas Safira Topázio. . Topázio) expostas região safra produtivas 20 202 ( 6 12 2

ABSTRACT Potassium is one of the most important nutrients for the cotton plant, being an element that participates in many physiological functions. In addition, its adequate availability favors better production performance of the crop. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic components in naturally colored cotton cultivars fertilized with potassium doses in the Brazilian semiarid region. For this, two experiments were conducted at Rafael Fernandes Experimental Farm, located in the municipality of Mossoró, RN, from July to November 2019 and July to November 2021. The experimental design was randomized blocks, arranged in split plots, with four repetitions. Potassium doses (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1 of K2O) were allocated in the plants; and four naturally colored cotton cultivars (BRS Rubi, BRS Safira, BRS Verde, and BRS Topázio) were allocated in the subplots. Colored cotton cultivars respond to potassium fertilization depending on the edaphoclimatic conditions to which they are exposed. BRS Topázio cultivar had higher lint cotton yield and fiber percentage in both growing seasons, highlighting its potential for the region. The dose of 240 kg ha-1 of K2O increased the yield of colored cotton, in second crop cultivation. The cultivars BRS Safira, BRS Rubi, and BRS Verde were not very productive. plant functions addition Therefore region Farm Mossoró RN 201 2021 blocks plots repetitions 0, 0 (0 60 120 180 24 ha1 ha 1 ha- KO K O plants Rubi Safira subplots exposed seasons cultivation productive 20 202 ( 6 12 18 2

RESUMO Estudos sobre a utilização de águas salobras na irrigação de espécies ornamentais ainda são escassos, principalmente considerando aspectos qualitativos das plantas. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a tolerância à salinidade e caracterizar as respostas espectrais foliares de espécies ornamentais herbáceas na fase de produção de mudas para comercialização. O experimento foi realizado no período de dezembro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021, em casa de vegetação, em Fortaleza - Ceará, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas compostas por níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,5; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 dS m-1), e as subparcelas pelas espécies Catharanthus roseus, Celosia cristata, Celosia plumosa e Chrysanthemum coronarium, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas produção de matéria seca, análise sensorial visual, tolerância à salinidade e respostas espectrais foliares. A qualidade visual foi mantida até 2,0 dS m-1 para a espécie Chrysanthemum coronarium e até 4,0 dS m-1 para as espécies Celosia cristata, Celosia plumosa e Catharanthus roseus, sendo as especies classificadas como moderadamente tolerantes nas respectivas salinidades. A salinidade provocou alterações notórias nas respostas espectrais foliares, principalmente na região do visível. escassos plantas Portanto comercialização 202 2021 vegetação Ceará Brasil casualizados subdivididas 0,5 05 0 5 (0,5 20 2 40 4 60 6 6, 80 8 8, m1, m1 m 1 , m-1) roseus cristata repetições seca 2, m- 4, salinidades visível 0, (0, (0 (

ABSTRACT Studies on using brackish water for the irrigation of ornamental species are still scarce, mainly considering qualitative aspects of the plants. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify salt tolerance and characterize leaf spectral responses of herbaceous ornamental species at the stage of commercial seedling production. The research was carried out from December 2020 to February 2021, under greenhouse conditions, in Fortaleza - Ceará, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with split plots, with main plots consisting of irrigation-water salinity levels (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 dS m-1), and subplots by the species Catharanthus roseus, Celosia cristata, Celosia plumosa, and Chrysanthemum coronarium, with four replications. The evaluation parameters were dry mass production, visual sensory analysis, salt tolerance, and leaf spectral responses. Plant visual quality was maintained up to 2.0 dS m-1 for Chrysanthemum coronarium and 4.0 dS m-1 for Celosia cristata, Celosia plumosa, and Catharanthus roseus, which were classified as moderately tolerant at those respective salinity levels. Salinity caused noticeable changes in leaf spectral responses, especially in the visible region. scarce plants Therefore production 202 2021 conditions Ceará Brazil irrigationwater 0.5, 05 0 5 (0.5 20 2 40 4 60 6 6.0 80 8 8. m1, m1 m 1 , m-1) roseus cristata plumosa replications analysis 2. m- 4. region 0.5 (0. 6. 0. (0 (

RESUMO O uso de bioestimulantes pode mitigar os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino no crescimento e variáveis fisiológicos. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o crescimento, fisiologia, solutos orgânicos e características visuais de duas espécies ornamentais tropicais (Celosia argentea and Catharanthus roseus) cultivadas utilizando-se águas salobras e tratadas com extrato de Ascophyllum nodosum. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, dispostos em parcelas subsubdivididas, sendo as parcelas constituídas por três níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa - 0,5, 2,5 e 4,5 dS m-1), as subparcelas quatro concentrações de extrato de algas (0, 400, 800 e 1200 mg L-1) e as subsubparcelas de duas espécies herbáceas ornamentais tropicais: C. argentea e C. roseus. A salinidade da água de irrigação afeta negativamente as características morfológicas e fisiológicas das duas espécies estudadas, principalmente C. roseus. A irrigação com água de até 2,5 dS m-1 favoreceu a qualidade visual e aumentou a preferência de compra por C. argentea. O uso de concentrações intermediárias (400 mg L-1) de extrato de alga (A. nodosum) promoveu mitigação parcial dos efeitos do estresse salino na produção de biomassa e nas trocas gasosas foliares, especialmente para C. argentea, mas essas respostas positivas diminuíram ou desapareceram com a intensificação do estresse salino e com o aumento da concentração do extrato de algas. fisiológicos Assim objetivouse objetivou se fisiologia Celosia roseus utilizandose utilizando nodosum vegetação acaso subsubdivididas CEa 05 0 5 0,5 25 2 2, 45 4 4, m1, m1 m 1 , m-1) 0, (0 400 80 120 L1 L L-1 C estudadas m- (40 A. (A foliares ( 40 8 12 L- (4

ABSTRACT The use of biostimulants may mitigate the deleterious effects of salt stress on plant growth and physiological variables. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the growth, physiology, organic solutes, and visual characteristics of two tropical ornamental species (Celosia argentea and Catharanthus roseus) cultivated with brackish waters and treated with Ascophyllum nodosum extract. The experiment was performed in greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was a complete randomized block arranged in a split-plot scheme. The plots comprised three levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (ECw - 0.5, 2.5, and 4.5 dS m-1), the subplots four concentrations of algae extract (0, 400, 800, and 1200 mg L-1), and the sub-subplots two tropical ornamental herbaceous species [C. argentea and C. roseus]. The salinity of the irrigation water negatively affects the morphological and physiological characteristics of the two species studied, mainly C. roseus. Irrigation with water up to 2.5 dS m-1 favored visual quality and increased the purchasing preference for C. argentea. The use of intermediate concentrations (400 mg L-1) of algae extract (A. nodosum) promoted partial mitigation of the effects of salt stress on biomass production and leaf gas exchange, especially for C. argentea, but these positive responses decreased or disappeared with the intensification of salt stress and the increase in algae extract concentration. variables Thus physiology solutes Celosia roseus conditions splitplot split plot scheme ECw 05 0 5 0.5 25 2 45 4 4. m1, m1 m 1 , m-1) 0, (0 400 800 120 L1, L1 L subsubplots sub C [C . roseus] studied 2. m- (40 L-1 A. A (A exchange concentration 0. ( 40 80 12 (4 L- 8

RESUMO O amendoim (Arachis hypogaea) é uma importante cultura agrícola no Brasil, considerada uma das mais importantes oleaginosas cultivadas. O uso de bactérias solubilizadoras de fertilizantes pode mitigar o estresse salino. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as trocas gasosas, o crescimento e a eficiência do uso da água da cultura do amendoim irrigado com água salobra sob adubação fosfatada e inoculada com bactérias do gênero Bacillus sp. O delineamento experimental utilizado neste estudo foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 × 2 × 2, com 5 repetições, referente às formas de adubação (F1 - 0% fósforo, F2 - 50% fósforo, F3 - 100% fósforo e F4 - bovino biofertilizante), presença e ausência do inoculante e dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa - 0.3 e 4.0 dS m-1). As adubações com fertilizante orgânico (100% de biofertilizante) e mineral (50 e 100% de fósforo) associada a Bacillus sp. mitigou os danos causados pelo estresse salino e proporcionou maior eficiência no uso da água, índice de clorofila, concentração interna de CO2 e diâmetro do caule. O tratamento controle (sem adubação fosfatada e sem estresse salino) e a aplicação de Bacillus sp., promoveu maior desempenho na fotossíntese líquida, taxa de transpiração, condutância estomática e altura das plantas em plantas de amendoim. Arachis hypogaea Brasil cultivadas gasosas sp casualizado repetições F1 F (F 0 50 100 biofertilizante, biofertilizante , CEa 03 3 0. 40 4. m1. m1 m 1 . m-1) (100 (5 clorofila CO caule líquida transpiração 10 m-1 (10 ( m- (1

ABSTRACT Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important agricultural crop in Brazil, considered one of the most important oilseed crops cultivated. The use of fertilizer-solubilizing bacteria can mitigate salt stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange, growth, and water use efficiency of the peanut crop irrigated with brackish water under phosphate fertilization and inoculated with bacteria of the genus Bacillus sp. The experimental design used in this study was completely randomized, in a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with 5 replicates, referring to the forms of fertilization (F1 - 0% phosphorus, F2 - 50% phosphorus, F3 - 100% phosphorus, and F4 - bovine biofertilizer), presence and absence of the inoculant and two levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (ECw - 0.3 and 4.0 dS m-1). Fertilization with organic fertilizer (100% biofertilizer) and mineral fertilizer (50 and 100% phosphorus) associated with Bacillus sp. mitigated the damage caused by salt stress and promoted greater water use efficiency, chlorophyll index, internal CO2 concentration and stem diameter. The control treatment (without phosphate fertilization and without salt stress) and the application of Bacillus sp. promoted greater performance in net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and plant height in peanut plants. Arachis hypogaea Brazil cultivated fertilizersolubilizing solubilizing exchange growth sp randomized scheme replicates F1 F (F 0 phosphorus 50 100 biofertilizer, biofertilizer , ECw 03 3 0. 40 4. m1. m1 m 1 . m-1) (100 (5 index CO diameter photosynthesis rate conductance plants 10 m-1 (10 ( m- (1