ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between sleep duration, nocturnal awakenings, and sleep latency with body mass index (BMI) at six and 12 months of age. Methods: 179 children from a birth cohort were enrolled. At six and 12 months of age, anthropometric data were obtained using standardized techniques and infants’ mothers answered the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire for sleep data. The association of BMI with the independent variables (sleep duration, latency, and nocturnal awakenings) was assessed by linear regression models. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders and a p-value<0.05 was adopted to define statistical significance. Results: For each additional hour of sleep duration, BMI was reduced by 0.15 kg/m² (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.28; -0.01; p=0.03) and each additional minute of sleep latency increased BMI by 0.01 kg/m² (95%CI -0.00; 0.03; p=0.02). These associations were independent of gestational age, child sex, birth weight, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, smoking during pregnancy, and mother’s BMI, education, and marital status. Nocturnal awakenings showed no association with the outcome. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sleep duration and sleep latency time are associated with BMI in the first year of life. Insights into the influence of sleep early in life on weight status may be helpful to complement future nutritional recommendations and prevent and treat obesity. Objective (BMI 1 age Methods 17 enrolled infants models pvalue<0.05 pvalue005 pvalue p value<0.05 value 0 05 p-value<0.0 significance Results 015 15 0.1 kgm² kgm kg m² m kg/m 95% 95 (95 CI [CI 0.28 028 28 -0.28 001 01 -0.01 p=0.03 p003 03 0.0 95%CI 95CI 0.00 000 00 -0.00 0.03 003 p=0.02. p002 p=0.02 . 02 p=0.02) sex breastfeeding pregnancy mother s education outcome Conclusions obesity pvalue<0.0 pvalue00 value005 value<0.0 p-value<0. 0. 9 (9 0.2 2 -0.2 -0.0 p=0.0 p00 pvalue<0. pvalue0 value00 value<0. p-value<0 ( -0. p=0. p0 pvalue<0 value0 value<0 p-value< -0 p=0 pvalue< value< p-value - p=

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre duração do sono, despertares noturnos e latência do sono com o índice de massa corporal (IMC) aos seis e 12 meses de idade. Métodos: foram incluídas 179 crianças de uma coorte de nascimentos. Aos seis e 12 meses de idade, dados antropométricos foram obtidos por meio de técnicas padronizadas e as mães dos lactentes responderam ao Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire para dados do sono. A associação do IMC com as variáveis independentes (duração do sono, latência e despertares noturnos) foi avaliada por modelos de regressão linear. As análises foram ajustadas para potenciais fatores de confusão e o p-valor<0,05 foi adotado para definir a significância estatística. Resultados: Para cada hora adicional de duração do sono, o IMC foi reduzido em 0,15 kg/m² (intervalo de confiança [IC]95% -0,28; -0,01; p=0,03) e cada minuto adicional no tempo de latência resultou em aumento de 0,01 kg/m² (IC95% -0,00; 0,03; p=0,02) no IMC. Essas associações foram independentes da idade gestacional, sexo da criança, peso ao nascer, duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo, tabagismo durante a gravidez e IMC, escolaridade e estado civil da mãe. Os despertares noturnos não apresentaram associação com o desfecho. Conclusões: Nossos achados sugerem que a duração e a latência do sono estão associadas ao IMC no primeiro ano de vida. Informações sobre a influência do sono no início da vida sobre o status do peso podem ser úteis para complementar futuras recomendações nutricionais e prevenir e tratar a obesidade. Objetivo (IMC 1 Métodos 17 nascimentos linear pvalor<0,05 pvalor005 pvalor p valor<0,05 valor 0 05 p-valor<0,0 estatística Resultados 015 15 0,1 kgm² kgm kg m² m kg/m intervalo IC95% IC95 IC 95% 95 [IC]95 0,28 028 28 -0,28 001 01 -0,01 p=0,03 p003 03 0,0 (IC95 0,00 000 00 -0,00 0,03 003 p=0,02 p002 02 gestacional criança nascer exclusivo mãe desfecho Conclusões obesidade pvalor<0,0 pvalor00 valor005 valor<0,0 p-valor<0, 0, IC9 9 [IC]9 0,2 2 -0,2 -0,0 p=0,0 p00 (IC9 pvalor<0, pvalor0 valor00 valor<0, p-valor<0 [IC] -0, p=0, p0 (IC pvalor<0 valor0 valor<0 p-valor< [IC -0 p=0 pvalor< valor< p-valor - p=

ABSTRACT: Native to the tropical Americas, guava (Psidium guajava L.) is an important crop in Brazil. However, the emergence of so-called guava decline, a complex disease resulting from root parasitism by the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang & Eisenback) in association with opportunistic fungi, has decimated guava orchards across Brazil and in other countries. In the present study, seminiferous guava accessions were vegetatively propagated by minigrafting and their genotypes preserved for resistance reassessment in clones to confirm or not host plant reactions. The results indicated a highly virulent parasite, high host suitability of the P. guajava species, and widely varying reactions among plants of the same genotype and between different genotypes, demonstrating that the strategy of preserving the germplasm and reassessing reactions in clones may be important in identifying and selecting germplasms with a degree of resistance to M. enterolobii. The progeny of cv. Paluma P02R5R2 obtained the lowest average parasite reproduction factor (RF = 22.11) among the genotypes evaluated and was; therefore; classified as moderately resistant and preserved for future research. ABSTRACT Americas Psidium L. L However socalled so called decline rootknot knot Meloidogyne Eisenback fungi countries study P species M cv PRR R P02R5R RF 22.11 2211 22 11 was therefore research 22.1 221 2 1 22.

RESUMO: Originária da América Tropical, a goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.) tem grande relevância para o Brasil. Contudo, o surgimento do patossistema designado como declínio da goiabeira, problema fitossanitário provocado pelo parasitismo das raízes pelo nematoide-das-galhas (Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang & Eisenback) em associação com fungos oportunistas, dizimou muitos pomares em todas as regiões do Brasil e em outros países. No presente estudo, propagou-se vegetativamente, por miniestaquia, acessos de goiabeiras seminíferas mantendo seus genótipos preservados e reavaliando a resistência por meio dos clones de forma a comprovar ou não as reações das plantas hospedeiras. Os resultados apontam para alta virulência do parasita, bem como alta hospedabilidade da espécie P. guajava, além da existência de grande variação da reação entre plantas do mesmo genótipo e entre genótipos distintos, o que indica que a estratégia de preservação do germoplasma e a reavaliação da reação em clones pode ser importante na busca e seleção de germoplasma com algum grau de resistência a M. enterolobii. A progênie da cv. Paluma P02R5R2 obteve a menor média de Fator de Reprodução do parasita (FR = 22,11) entre os genótipos avaliados, sendo classificada como moderadamente resistente e preservada para estudos posteriores. RESUMO Tropical Psidium L. L Contudo nematoidedasgalhas nematoide galhas Meloidogyne Eisenback oportunistas países estudo propagouse propagou se vegetativamente miniestaquia hospedeiras P distintos M cv PRR R P02R5R FR 22,11 2211 22 11 avaliados posteriores 22,1 221 2 1 22,

ABSTRACT The performance of colorimetric methods for P quantification has been overlooked by researchers for decades. We investigated the performance of two blue colorimetric methods for P quantification, Braga and Defelipo (B&D) and Murphy and Riley (M&R), using two commonly soil P extractants, Mehlich-1 (M1) and Mehlich-3 (M3). Specifically, we evaluated the color development time and its stability in different soil extractant solution proportions (1:1 or 1:4 v/v), the optimum wavelength, limits of detection, and element quantification. Our results indicate that M3 leads to lower limits of detection and quantification for both colorimetric methods, particularly for B&D. For M1, the volumetric ratio (1:1 or 1:4) did not influence color development and both B&D and M&R methods showed a fast color development. However, B&D showed greater color stability (from 5 to 600 min) and an optimum wavelength of 711 nm, while M&R was stable from 27 to 600 min an optimum wavelength of 889 nm. For M3 soil extractant, there are important issues, such as M&R being unstable and B&D presenting slow color development. In addition, the spectral profile obtained from soil extractant was different from the one obtained by the calibration curve without soil for both M&R and B&D. Therefore, the adoption of original methods on P quantification in M3 extracting solution represents a potential source of error, leading to wrong P fertilizer recommendations. Thus, the best option for P quantification in M3 extracts seems to be the use of Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). decades BD B D (B&D M&R, MR , M R (M&R) extractants Mehlich1 Mehlich 1 Mehlich- M1 (M1 Mehlich3 3 M3. . (M3) Specifically 11 (1: 14 4 1: v/v, vv v/v v v/v) However 60 71 nm 2 88 issues addition Therefore error recommendations Thus ICPAES. ICPAES ICP AES (ICP-AES) (M&R (M (M3 (1 6 7 8 (ICP-AES (

ABSTRACT Guava is a highly important fruit crop worldwide; however, a severe phytosanitary problem caused by the parasitism of Meloidogyne enterolobii has been limiting guava yields in Brazil and in several countries. The incidence of the nematode M. enterolobii results in significant decreases in yield, often resulting in plant death in the medium term. Considering a contribution to control tools, the objective of this study was to assess the resistance of 37 accessions of Psidium guajava grown in a greenhouse to M. enterolobii. Seedlings from seeds of each accession were inoculated with 4,000 eggs of M. enterolobii when they were at the three- to six-leaf stage, in two experiments. The root system of each plant was collected at 135 days after inoculation for extracting nematode eggs. The eggs were counted in three aliquots of 1 mL plant-1, and the obtained data were subjected to analysis of variance, which showed significant differences among accessions and among plants of the same accession. Accessions were classified regarding resistance based on the reproduction factor (RF = Pf / Pi = 4,000). The P. guajava germplasm studied showed a significant variability in responses to M. enterolobii; resistant plants were identified for accessions A08, A15, A26, A13, and A30A in Experiment I and for accessions A31, A11, A16, A30A, GF3, and A08 in Experiment II; the accessions A08 and A30A stood out by presenting resistant plants in both experiments. worldwide however countries M yield term tools 3 4000 4 000 4,00 sixleaf six leaf stage experiments 13 plant1, plant1 1, plant-1 variance RF 4,000. . 4,000) P A A15 A26 A13 AA A31 A11 A16 GF3 GF A0 II 400 00 4,0 plant- A1 A2 A3 40 0 4,

RESUMO A goiabeira é uma cultura de grande importância para o mundo, no entanto, um grave problema fitossanitário, causado pelo parasitismo de Meloidogyne enterolobii, tem limitado a produtividade da cultura no Brasil e em diversos países. A incidência do nematoide resulta em acentuada queda de produtividade e, na maioria das vezes, as plantas morrem em médio prazo. Visando a contribuir com ferramentas de controle, avaliou-se a reação de 37 acessos de Psidium guajava em casa de vegetação quanto à resistência a M. enterolobii. As mudas de cada acesso foram produzidas a partir de sementes e, no estádio de três a seis pares de folhas, foram submetidas à inoculação com 4.000 ovos de M. enterolobii, em dois experimentos. Cento e trinta e cinco dias após a inoculação, coletou-se o sistema radicular de cada uma das plantas para a extração de ovos. As contagens de ovos foram feitas em três alíquotas de 1 mL/planta e foram submetidas à análise de variância que indicou diferenças significativas entre acessos e entre plantas de mesmo acesso. A classificação dos acessos quanto à resistência foi feita pelo fator de reprodução (FR=Pf/Pi, Pi= 4.000). Pelo estudo do germoplasma de P. guajava, observou-se grande variabilidade quanto à reação a M. enterolobii, sendo que, no Experimento I, plantas resistentes foram encontradas nos acessos A08, A15, A26, A13 e A30A e, no Experimento II, nos acessos A31, A11, A16, A30A, GF3 e A08, com a detecção de plantas resistentes nos acessos A08 e A30A nos dois experimentos. mundo entanto fitossanitário enterolobii países vezes prazo controle avaliouse avaliou se 3 M folhas 4000 4 000 4.00 experimentos coletouse coletou mLplanta mL planta FR=Pf/Pi, FRPfPi FR Pf Pi (FR=Pf/Pi 4.000. . 4.000) P observouse observou I A15 A26 A1 AA II A31 A11 A16 GF A0 400 00 4.0 FR=Pf/Pi A2 A3 40 0 4.

ABSTRACT Guava decline is a complex disease caused by the interaction between Meloidogyne enterolobii and Neocosmospora falciformis (Syn.: Fusarium solani). Thus, selecting M. enterolobii-resistant genotypes within the genus Psidium is essential for controlling this disease, and developing a resistant cultivar of Psidium guajava could significantly impact this issue. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the response of the guava plants of the cultivar Paluma to different densities of M. enterolobii inoculum. Guava seedlings were inoculated with 500, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, and 20,000 eggs + second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. enterolobii per plant. Root and shoot fresh weights, shoot dry weight, root length, plant height, and stem base diameter were evaluated at 70 and 135 days after inoculation (DAI). Total number of M. enterolobii eggs + J2 in the root system and nematode reproduction factor nematode were assessed. Nematode multiplication in roots was not proportional to increases in initial inoculum density; thus, the best plant responses to nematode multiplication in the evaluated cultivar were found for the lowest tested densities. The reproduction factor decreased as the inoculum density was increased, at both evaluations (70 and 135 DAI). Syn. Syn (Syn. solani. solani . solani) Thus M enterolobiiresistant issue 500 1000 1 000 1,000 5000 5 5,000 10000 10 10,000 20000 20 20,00 secondstage second stage J (J2 weights weight length height 7 13 DAI. DAI (DAI) assessed thus increased (7 DAI) (Syn 50 100 00 1,00 5,00 10,00 2000 2 20,0 (J (DAI ( 0 1,0 5,0 10,0 200 20, 1, 5, 10,

RESUMO O declínio-da-goiabeira é uma doença complexa, causada por Meloidogyne enterolobii em interação com Neocosmospora falciformis (sin. Fusarium solani). Por causa disso, a seleção de genótipos resistentes a M. enterolobii dentro do gênero Psidium é muito importante para o controle da doença. A detecção desta resistência em Psidium guajava seria, ainda, de maior impacto. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a reação de P. guajava ‘Paluma’ a diferentes densidades de inóculo de M. enterolobii. Mudas de goiabeira foram inoculadas com 500, 1000, 5000, 10000 e 20000 ovos + juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) de M. enterolobii/planta. Aos 70 e aos 135 dias após a inoculação (DAI), foram avaliadas as massas de matérias frescas de raiz, de parte aérea e de matéria seca de parte aérea, bem como o comprimento de raiz, a altura da planta e o diâmetro do colo. Os números totais de ovos + J2 de M. enterolobii nos sistemas radiculares e os fatores de reprodução foram as variáveis nematológicas determinadas. A multiplicação do nematoide nas raízes não foi proporcional ao aumento da densidade de inóculo inicial e, por isso, nas menores densidades, encontraram-se as melhores respostas de multiplicação do nematoide na cultivar avaliada. Observou-se, então, que, conforme se aumentou a densidade de inóculo, obtiveram-se menores fatores de reprodução médios nas duas avaliações (70 e 135 DAI). declíniodagoiabeira declínio complexa sin. sin (sin solani. solani . solani) disso M seria ainda impacto Assim P ‘Paluma Paluma 500 1000 5000 2000 J (J2 enterolobiiplanta enterolobii/planta 7 13 DAI, DAI , (DAI) raiz colo determinadas isso encontraramse encontraram avaliada Observouse, Observouse Observou se, Observou-se então que obtiveramse obtiveram (7 DAI. DAI) 50 100 200 (J 1 (DAI ( 5 10 20 2

ABSTRACT The yellow uxi (Endopleura uchi) is a tree native to the Amazon and its fruits are appreciated in the region. It is rich in total phenols and its bark is known to have high bergenin content, an isocoumarin derivative that presents several pharmacological activities. Yet the nutritional and functional properties of the fruit are still little known. We analyzed the nutritional, centesimal, and mineral properties, and the antioxidant activity and total phenol content of the alcoholic extract of yellow uxi fruit pulp from different locations in the Amazon. The bergenin content was also quantified. Average pulp yield was 45.66 ± 4.44% (w/w), with 60.1 - 89.2 g 100 g-1 of moisture and 1.28 - 1.32 g 100 g-1 of ash (dry basis). Calcium (78.2 - 87.1 mg 100 g-1) and potassium (260.2 - 395 mg 100 g-1) were the most abundant minerals in the pulp. Aluminum concentration was high compared to other Amazonian fruits (23.7 - 28.7 mg 100 g-1). The high caloric value of the pulp (325.3 ± 20.9 Kcal 100 g-1) is attributed to its lipid (32 - 44.9%) and carbohydrate (48.2 - 64.1%) content. The scavenging activity of DPPH was 1.95 - 20.68%, which was highly associated with the total phenolic content (16.91 - 30.07 µg GAE mg-1). Bergenin content was 180.8 ± 55.3 mg 100 g-1. We conclude that E. uchi pulp has high caloric and mineral content, and it is also a source of bergenin, thus this fruit has a potential nutritional and functional value. Endopleura region activities centesimal quantified 4566 45 66 45.6 444 4 44 4.44 w/w, ww w/w , w (w/w) 601 60 1 60. 892 89 2 89. 10 g1 g- 128 28 1.2 132 32 1.3 dry basis. basis . basis) 78.2 782 78 (78. 871 87 87. 260.2 2602 260 (260. 39 23.7 237 23 7 (23. 287 28. g1. 325.3 3253 325 3 (325. 209 20 9 20. (3 44.9% 449 48.2 482 48 (48. 64.1% 641 64 195 95 1.9 2068 68 20.68% 16.91 1691 16 91 (16.9 3007 30 07 30.0 mg1. mg1 mg-1) 1808 180 8 180. 553 55 55. 1. E 456 6 45. 4.4 (w/w 12 13 78. (78 260. 26 (260 23. (23 325. (325 ( 44.9 48. (48 64.1 19 206 20.68 16.9 169 (16. 300 0 30. mg-1 18 5 4. (7 (26 (2 44. (4 64. 20.6 16. (16 mg- (1

RESUMO O uxi amarelo (Endopleura uchi) é uma árvore nativa da região amazônica e suas frutas são apreciadas na região. Ele é rico em fenóis e sua casca tem alto teor de bergenina, um derivado da isocumarina conhecido por apresentar diversas atividades farmacológicas. No entanto, as propriedades nutricionais e funcionais do fruto ainda são pouco conhecidas. Nós analisamos as propriedades nutricionais, centesimais e minerais, e a atividade antioxidante e o teor de fenólicos do extrato alcoólico da polpa do fruto do uxi amarelo de diferentes localidades da Amazônia. O teor de bergenina também foi quantificado. O rendimento médio de polpa foi de 45,66 ± 4,44% (m/m), com 60,1 - 89,2 g 100 g-1 de umidade e 1,28 - 1,32 g 100 g-1 de cinzas (base seca). Cálcio (78,2 - 87,1 mg 100 g-1) e potássio (260,2 - 395 mg 100 g-1) foram os minerais mais abundantes na polpa. A concentração de alumínio foi alta em comparação com outras frutas amazônicas (23,7 - 28,7 mg 100 g-1). O alto valor calórico da polpa (325,3 ± 20,9 Kcal 100 g-1) é atribuído ao seu teor de lipídios (32 - 44,9%) e carboidratos (48,2 - 64,1%). A atividade sequestradora do DPPH foi de 1,95 - 20,68%, altamente associada ao teor de fenólicos totais (16,91 - 30,07 µg GAE mg-1). A quantidade de bergenina na polpa foi de 180,8 ± 55,3 mg 100 g-1. Concluímos que a polpa de E. uchi possui alto teor calórico e mineral, além de ser fonte de bergenina, portanto, este fruto possui valor nutricional e funcional potencial. Endopleura farmacológicas entanto conhecidas Amazônia quantificado 4566 45 66 45,6 444 4 44 4,44 m/m, mm m/m , m (m/m) 601 60 1 60, 892 89 2 89, 10 g1 g- 128 28 1,2 132 32 1,3 base seca. seca . seca) 78,2 782 78 (78, 871 87 87, 260,2 2602 260 (260, 39 23,7 237 23 7 (23, 287 28, g1. 325,3 3253 325 3 (325, 209 20 9 20, (3 44,9% 449 48,2 482 48 (48, 64,1%. 641 64,1% 64 64,1%) 195 95 1,9 2068 68 20,68% 16,91 1691 16 91 (16,9 3007 30 07 30,0 mg1. mg1 mg-1) 1808 180 8 180, 553 55 55, 1. E mineral portanto potencial 456 6 45, 4,4 (m/m 12 1, 13 78, (78 260, 26 (260 23, (23 325, (325 ( 44,9 48, (48 64,1 19 206 20,68 16,9 169 (16, 300 0 30, mg-1 18 5 4, (7 (26 (2 44, (4 64, 20,6 16, (16 mg- (1

Abstract Cerconota anonella (fruit borer) and Bephratelloides pomorum (seed borer) are the main pests of Annonaceae and knowing their population dynamics is essential to establish their management in orchards of these crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of native vegetation on the population of fruit and seed borers in two production seasons in an atemoya orchard in the semiarid region. The study was carried out in a commercial atemoya orchard in Janaúba, MG. The experimental area was divided into two parcels and, in each of them, the distance from the experimental plots to the surrounding vegetation, of approximately 10m, 33m, 57m and 81m, was recorded. The sampling of insects was carried out at different periods, spring and summer, through the collection, every two weeks, of atemoya fruits containing attack signs by the borers. The intensity of infestation of each borer species was determined. The intensity of borer infestation varies between seasons, with fruit borer infestation in summer and seed borer infestation in spring. The distance from the orchard to the adjacent vegetation does not interfere with the infestation intensity of fruit and seed borers. crops region Janaúba MG them 10m m 33m 81m recorded periods collection weeks determined

Resumo Cerconota anonella (broca-do-fruto) e Bephratelloides pomorum (broca-da-semente) são as principais pragas das anonáceas, e conhecer sua dinâmica populacional é essencial para se estabelecer seu manejo nos pomares dessas culturas. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da vegetação nativa de entorno sobre a população das brocas-dos-frutos e das sementes em duas épocas de produção, em pomar de atemoieira no Semiárido. O trabalho foi realizado em pomar comercial de atemoieira em Janaúba-MG. A área experimental foi dividida em dois talhões e, em cada um deles, registrada a distância das parcelas experimentais até a vegetação de entorno, que foram de aproximadamente 10 m, 33 m, 57 m e 81 m de distância. As amostragens dos insetos foram realizadas em épocas distintas, primavera e verão, por meio da coleta, quinzenalmente, de frutos de atemoieira contendo sinais de ataque das brocas. Foi determinada a intensidade de infestação de cada espécie de broca. A intensidade de infestação das brocas variou entre as estações do ano, sendo maior a infestação da broca-do-fruto no verão e da broca-da-semente na primavera. A distância do pomar até à mata adjacente não interferiu na intensidade de infestação das brocas-dos-frutos e das sementes. brocadofruto broca fruto (broca-do-fruto brocadasemente semente (broca-da-semente anonáceas culturas Objetivouse Objetivou brocasdosfrutos produção Semiárido JanaúbaMG. JanaúbaMG Janaúba MG. MG Janaúba-MG deles 1 3 5 8 distintas coleta quinzenalmente ano

ABSTRACT The Caatinga biome in Brazil comprises the largest and most continuous expanse of the seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) worldwide; nevertheless, it is among the most threatened and least studied, despite its ecological and biogeographical importance. The spatial distribution of volumetric wood stocks in the Caatinga and the relationship with environmental factors remain unknown. Therefore, this study intends to quantify and analyze the spatial distribution of wood volume as a function of environmental variables in Caatinga vegetation in Bahia State, Brazil. Volumetric estimates were obtained at the plot and fragment level. The multiple linear regression techniques were adopted, using environmental variables in the area as predictors. Spatial modeling was performed using the geostatistical kriging approach with the model residuals. The model developed presented a reasonable fit for the volume m3 ha with r2 of 0.54 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 10.9 m3 ha–1. The kriging of ordinary residuals suggested low error estimates in unsampled locations and balance in the under and overestimates of the model. The regression kriging approach provided greater detailing of the global wood volume stock map, yielding volume estimates that ranged from 0.01 to 109 m3 ha–1. Elevation, mean annual temperature, and precipitation of the driest month are strong environmental predictors for volume estimation. This information is necessary to development action plans for sustainable management and use of the Caatinga SDTF in Bahia State, Brazil. (SDTF worldwide nevertheless studied importance unknown Therefore State level adopted m r 054 0 54 0.5 RMSE (RMSE 10 9 10. ha1 1 ha–1 map 001 01 0.0 Elevation temperature estimation 05 5 0. ha– 00

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis, a neglected disease caused by the parasite Leishmania, is treated with drugs associated with high toxicity and limited efficacy, in addition to constant reports of the emergence of resistant parasites. In this context, snake serums emerge as good candidates since they are natural sources with the potential to yield novel drugs. OBJECTIVES We aimed to show the antileishmanial effects of γCdcPLI, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor from Crotalus durissus collilineatus snake serum, against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. METHODS Promastigotes forms were exposed to γCdcPLI, and we assessed the parasite viability and cell cycle, as well as invasion and proliferation assays. FINDINGS Despite the low cytotoxicity effect on macrophages, our data indicate that γCdcPLI has a direct effect on parasites promoting an arrest in the G1 phase and reduction in the G2/M phase at the highest dose tested. Moreover, this PLA2 inhibitor reduced the parasite infectivity when promastigotes were pre-treated. Also, we demonstrated that the γCdcPLI treatment modulated the host cell environment impairing early and late steps of the parasitism. MAIN CONCLUSIONS γCdcPLI is an interesting tool for the discovery of new essential targets on the parasite, as well as an alternative compound to improve the effectiveness of the leishmaniasis treatment. Leishmaniasis efficacy context A serum (Leishmania amazonensis cycle assays macrophages G G2M GM G2 M tested Moreover PLA pretreated. pretreated pre treated. pre-treated Also parasitism

ABSTRACT Background: The rate of tuberculosis (TB) infection among the prison population (PP) in Brazil is 28 times higher than that in the general population, and prison environment favors the spread of TB. Objective: To describe TB transmission dynamics and drug resistance profiles in PP using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Methods: This was a retrospective study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultivated from people incarcerated in 55 prisons between 2016 and 2019; only one isolate per prisoner was included. Information about movement from one prison to another was tracked. Clinical information was collected, and WGS was performed on isolates obtained at the time of TB diagnosis. Results: Among 134 prisoners included in the study, we detected 16 clusters with a total of 58 (43%) cases of M. tuberculosis. Clusters ranged from two to seven isolates with five or fewer single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences, suggesting a recent transmission. Six (4.4%) isolates were resistant to at least one anti-TB drug. Two of these clustered together and showed resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, and fluoroquinolones, with 100% concordance between WGS and phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing. Prisoners with clustered isolates had a high amount of movement between prisons (two to eight moves) during the study period. Conclusions: WGS demonstrated the recent transmission of TB within prisons in Brazil. The high movement among prisoners seems to be related to the transmission of the same M. tuberculosis strain within the prison system. Screening for TB before and after the movement of prisoners using rapid molecular tests could play a role in reducing transmission. Background (TB (PP 2 Objective wholegenome whole genome WGS. . (WGS) Methods 5 201 2019 tracked collected diagnosis Results 13 1 43% 43 (43% M SNP (SNP differences 4.4% 44 4 (4.4% antiTB anti rifampicin isoniazid fluoroquinolones 100 drugsusceptibility susceptibility testing moves period Conclusions system (WGS 20 (43 4.4 (4.4 10 (4 4. (4. (

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the properties of 38-year-old Cariniana legalis wood from trees planted with three spacings between trees: 3 × 2.5, 3 × 2, and 3 × 1.5 m. Five trees were collected from each tree spacing. Discs were collected from the trunk base of each tree and at 2.5 and 5.0 m. The vessel diameter was significantly wider for a spacing of 3 x 2.5 m compared to that of 3 x 1.5 m. Basic density, apparent density, volumetric shrinkage, and natural moisture content were influenced by longitudinal position. However, fiber length and fiber wall thickness showed no significant differences. Basic density and natural moisture content were inversely proportional. Our study shows that the anatomical features of C. legalis wood were more sensitive to variations in tree spacing than its physical properties.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades de la madera árboles de Cariniana legalis de 38 años plantados con tres espaciamientos: 3 × 2.5, 3 × 2 y 3 × 1.5 m. Se cortaron cinco árboles por cada espaciamiento. Se recolectaron discos de la base del tronco de cada árbol y a 2.5 y 5.0 m. El diámetro de los vasos fue significativamente más ancho en el espaciamiento de 3 x 2.5 m en contraste con el de 3 x 1.5 m. La densidad básica, la densidad aparente, la contracción volumétrica y el contenido de humedad natural fueron influenciados por la posición longitudinal. Sin embargo, la longitud de la fibra y el grosor de la pared de la fibra no presentaron diferencias significativas. La densidad básica y el contenido de humedad natural fueron inversamente proporcionales. Nuestro estudio muestra que las características anatómicas de la madera de C. legalis fueron más sensibles a la variación del espaciamiento entre árboles que sus propiedades físicas.

Resumo O objetivo foi identificar a evidência acerca da efetividade da laserterapia no tratamento de paralisia de Bell. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos indexados na Pubmed, SciELO, Lilacs e na literatura cinzenta, sem limites de data. Foram incluídos 5 estudos, dos quais dois tinham nível de evidência I e três nível de evidência III. A laserterapia de baixa intensidade foi o tratamento mais frequente e as terapias associadas foram exercícios e massagens faciais, terapia magnética, bloqueio do gânglio estrelado e biofeedback/eletromiografia. Concluiu-se que há poucos estudos de boa qualidade metodológica e níveis de evidência para garantir a efetividade da laserterapia no tratamento de paralisia de Bell. Contudo, os resultados sugerem a redução ou a resolução das sequelas da paralisia de Bell dos pacientes tratados com laser, em combinação ou não com outras terapias.

Abstract This review aimed to identify the evidence about the effectiveness of laser therapy in the treatment of Bell’s palsy. It included clinical trials indexed in the Pubmed, SciELO, and Lilacs databases, and from the gray literature, with no date limit. Five studies were included, of which two had a level of evidence I, and three a level of evidence III. Low-level laser therapy was the most frequent treatment, and the combined therapies were facial exercises with massages, magnetic therapy, star-crossed ganglion block, and biofeedback/electromyography. In conclusion, few studies of good methodological quality and levels of evidence have been published to ensure the effectiveness of laser therapy in the treatment of Bell’s palsy. However, the results suggest the sequels of Bell’s palsy are reduced or resolved in patients treated with laser, associated or not with other therapies.

OBJECTIVES: Co-infection with hepatitis A or B viruses may aggravate liver injury in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, few studies have assessed co-infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) and HCV. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and impact of HEV infection among Brazilian patients with chronic HCV infection. METHODS: This observational study included adult patients with chronic HCV infection who were naive to antiviral therapy from January 2013 to March 2016. A total of 181 patients were enrolled, and HEV serology and PCR were performed for all patients. RESULTS: Seropositivity for anti-HEV IgG was detected in 22 (12.0%) patients and anti-HEV immunoglobulin M in 3 (1.6%). HEV RNA showed inconclusive results in nine (4.9%) patients and was undetectable in the remaining patients. HEV serology positive patients had more severe liver disease, characterized by liver fibrosis ≥3 versus ≤2 (p<0.001), Aspartate Aminotransferase-to-Platelet Ratio Index of ≥1.45 (p=0.003), and Fibrosis-4 score of ≥3.25 (p=0.001). Additionally, the odds of HEV-positive patients developing diabetes mellitus were 3.65 (95% CI 1.40-9.52) times the corresponding odds of HEV-negative patients. A case-control-based histological analysis (n=11 HEV-HCV-positive patients and n=22 HCV-positive patients) showed no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This prevalence is higher than that reported in previous studies of the general population in Brazil. Thus, HEV infection may influence the severity of liver disease and may represent an additional risk of developing diabetes mellitus in patients with HCV infection.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de infecção odontogênica em crianças escolares brasileiras de baixa renda e analisar a sua associação com as variáveis subjetivas da autopercepção de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal e dor dentária. Neste estudo transversal, 230 crianças escolares com 8 a 10 anos de idade realizaram exame clínico bucal no qual os índices CPOD/ ceod e PUFA/pufa foram mensurados. Com isso, as crianças responderam individualmente ao Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ810) e relatos de dor dentária foram coletados. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados utilizandose o teste MannWhitney ou KruskalWallis, com posterior teste da correlação de Dunn e Pearson. Dentre as crianças examinadas, 42,6% apresentavam infecção odontogênica e 80% reportou experiência de dor dentária. A idade (p=0,034) e experiência de dor dentária (p<0,002) das crianças foram associadas à infecção odontogênica, bem como o seu bemestar emocional (p=0,008) e social (p=0,009) e impacto geral na qualidade de vida (p=0,019). Além disso, a intensidade (p<0,001), frequência (p<0,001) e duração (p<0,001) da odontalgia foram correlacionadas com o impacto geral na qualidade de vida da criança. A prevalência de infecção odontogênica permanece elevada em crianças escolares brasileiras. Infecção pediátrica e sua dor relacionada induzem não apenas diversas desordens biológicas, mas também afetam negativamente a autopercepção de qualidade de vida das crianças.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of odontogenic infection in lowincome Brazilian schoolchildren and evaluate its association with the subjective variables of oral healthrelated quality of life and dental pain. In this crosssectional study, 230 schoolchildren aged eight to ten years old underwent a clinical oral survey in which the DMFT/dmft and PUFA/pufa indexes were measured. Afterward, children responded individually to the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ810) and selfreports of dental pain were collected. Data were statistically analyzed using MannWhitney or KruskalWallis test with a posttest by Dunn’s and Pearson correlation. Of the children evaluated, 42.6% had odontogenic infection and 80% reported experiencing dental pain. Children’s age (p = 0.034) and past experience of dental pain (p < 0.002) were associated with odontogenic sepsis, in addition to impairment of their emotional wellbeing (p = 0.008), social welfare (p = 0.009) and overall impact on quality of life (p = 0.019). Toothache intensity (p < 0.001), frequency (p < 0.001) and duration (p < 0.001) were correlated to the overall impact on children’s quality of life. The prevalence of odontogenic infection remains high among lowincome Brazilian schoolchildren. Pediatric infection and its related pain induce not only various biological disorders but also impair children’s selfperception of quality of life.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the production characteristics of pastures in integrated livestock production systems. For that, an experiment was carried out in São Carlos, SP, Brazil, from 2013 to 2015. Forage development, production and nutritive value were evaluated in five beef cattle production systems: extensive continuous stocking (Urochloa decumbens) = EXT; intensive = INT; crop-livestock = iCL; livestock-forest = iLF and crop-livestock-forest = iCLF. Rotational stocking pastures in INT, iCL, iLF and iCLF systems were established with Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã. In iCL and iCLF, pastures were renovated by resowing the grass simultaneously with corn. In iLF and iCLF, eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urograndis clone GG100) was planted in Apr 2011 in single rows with 15 × 2 m spacing. In the 2013/2014 crop season, INT, iCL, and iCLF pastures were more productive than in iLF and EXT. Shading increase in the 2014/2015 season reduced pasture production in iLF and iCLF, compared with INT and iCL, but increased crude protein content and digestibility. In the shaded systems, pasture production was affected by proximity to trees, mainly due to reductions in solar radiation transmission. The principal component analyses showed that forage accumulation and leaf area index were associated with the position in the middle of the inter-row, and nutritive value was associated with the position at 1.5 m from the trees. In iCLF, solar radiation transmission greater than 60 % maintained forage accumulation similar to iCL, while in iLF, it reduced forage accumulation, evidencing that pasture renovation minimized shading effects in these systems.