OBJECTIVE: The individual components of metabolic syndrome may be independent predictors of mortality in patients with liver disease. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its related components in hepatitis C virus-infected patients who are not obese and do not have type 2 diabetes. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 125 patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation. Anthropometric data were measured according to standardized procedures. Bioimpedance analysis was performed on all patients. RESULTS: Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 21.6% of patients. Of the subjects with metabolic syndrome, 59.3% had hypertension, 77.8% had insulin resistance, 85.2% were overweight, 48.1% had a high waist circumference, 85.2% had an increased body fat percentage, and 92.3% had an elevated waist:hip ratio. In the bivariate analysis, female sex (OR 2.58; 95% CI: 1.09-6.25), elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT) (OR 2.63; 95% CI: 1.04-7.29), elevated fasting glucose (OR 8.05; 95% CI: 3.17-21.32), low HDL cholesterol (OR 2.80; 95% CI: 1.07-7.16), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 7.91; 95% CI: 2.88-22.71), elevated waist circumference (OR 10.33; 95% CI: 3.72-30.67), overweight (OR 11.33; 95% CI: 3.97-41.07), and increased body fat percentage (OR 8.34; 95% CI: 2.94-30.08) were independent determinants of metabolic syndrome. Using the final multivariate regression model, similar results were observed for abdominal fat (OR 9.98; 95% CI: 2.63-44.41) and total body fat percentage (OR 8.73; 95% CI: 2.33-42.34). However, metabolic syndrome risk was also high for those with blood glucose >5.55 mmol/L or HDL cholesterol <0.9 mmol/L (OR 16.69; 95% CI: 4.64-76.35; OR 7.23; 95% CI: 1.86-32.63, respectively). CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among hepatitis C virus-infected patients without type 2 diabetes or obesity. Metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with hypertension, insulin resistance, increased abdominal fat, and overweight.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer a duração do aleitamento materno, regime alimentar e fatores associados segundo condições de vida em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Este estudo de prevalência envolve 811 crianças menores de 24 meses. Para analisar os dados utilizou-se análise de sobrevivência, qui-quadrado de Pearson e regressão logística. A duração mediana do aleitamento exclusivo, predominante e total foi de 30,6, 73 e 131,5 dias, respectivamente. Identificou-se que 83,3% das crianças tiveram interrupção precoce do aleitamento exclusivo ou predominante. As crianças de famílias com condições de vida consideradas baixas tinham 2,3 vezes mais chances (IC95%: 1,09-5,01) de consumirem alimentos complementares precocemente; essa chance se elevou para 2,5 (IC95%: 1,20-5,34) entre aquelas de famílias com condições de vida muito baixas. A interrupção precoce do aleitamento exclusivo ou predominante associou-se com a maternidade em idade precoce e as precárias condições de vida das crianças e suas famílias. Programas direcionados à promoção da prática adequada do aleitamento materno e adoção da alimentação saudável na infância devem considerar a relevância dos fatores sociais envolvidos no oferecimento precoce de alimentos complementares à criança.

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify breastfeeding duration, infant feeding regimes, and factors related to living conditions among 811 children under 24 months of age in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Data were statistically analyzed by survival analysis, Pearson's chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression. Median duration of exclusive, predominant, and total breastfeeding was 30.6, 73.0, and 131.5 days, respectively. Exclusive or predominant breastfeeding was discontinued in 83.6% of the subjects. Children with poor living conditions were 2.3 times more likely (95%CI: 1.09-5.01) to receive early supplementary food, whereas the figure for the very poor increased to 2.5 (95%CI: 1.20-5.34). Early exclusive or predominant breastfeeding discontinuation was associated with early pregnancy and poor living conditions of the children and their families. Programs directed towards proper breastfeeding and healthy feeding practices in childhood should consider the social factors associated with early introduction of supplementary foods in this population.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer a duração do aleitamento materno, regime alimentar e fatores associados segundo condições de vida em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Este estudo de prevalência envolve 811 crianças menores de 24 meses. Para analisar os dados utilizou-se análise de sobrevivência, qui-quadrado de Pearson e regressão logística. A duração mediana do aleitamento exclusivo, predominante e total foi de 30,6, 73 e 131,5 dias, respectivamente. Identificou-se que 83,3% das crianças tiveram interrupção precoce do aleitamento exclusivo ou predominante. As crianças de famílias com condições de vida consideradas baixas tinham 2,3 vezes mais chances (IC95%: 1,09-5,01) de consumirem alimentos complementares precocemente; essa chance se elevou para 2,5 (IC95%: 1,20-5,34) entre aquelas de famílias com condições de vida muito baixas. A interrupção precoce do aleitamento exclusivo ou predominante associou-se com a maternidade em idade precoce e as precárias condições de vida das crianças e suas famílias. Programas direcionados à promoção da prática adequada do aleitamento materno e adoção da alimentação saudável na infância devem considerar a relevância dos fatores sociais envolvidos no oferecimento precoce de alimentos complementares à criança.

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify breastfeeding duration, infant feeding regimes, and factors related to living conditions among 811 children under 24 months of age in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Data were statistically analyzed by survival analysis, Pearson's chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression. Median duration of exclusive, predominant, and total breastfeeding was 30.6, 73.0, and 131.5 days, respectively. Exclusive or predominant breastfeeding was discontinued in 83.6% of the subjects. Children with poor living conditions were 2.3 times more likely (95%CI: 1.09-5.01) to receive early supplementary food, whereas the figure for the very poor increased to 2.5 (95%CI: 1.20-5.34). Early exclusive or predominant breastfeeding discontinuation was associated with early pregnancy and poor living conditions of the children and their families. Programs directed towards proper breastfeeding and healthy feeding practices in childhood should consider the social factors associated with early introduction of supplementary foods in this population.