RESUMO: O Vale do Ribeira é uma das maiores regiões produtoras de banana do Brasil. Contudo, ainda são escassas informações sobre a fertilidade do solo e o estado nutricional das plantas que possam limitar a produção da fruta na região. Deste modo, o presente trabalho objetivou diagnosticar os parâmetros nutricionais mais limitantes para as cultivares de bananeira, Nanica e Prata, no Vale do Ribeira - SP, a partir de laudos de análises químicas de solo e folha. Os dados avaliados compreenderam amostragens realizadas em pomares comerciais, nos municípios de Eldorado, Cajati, Jacupiranga, Pariquera-açú, Registro e Sete Barras entre os anos 2012 e 2020. Os resultados das análises químicas de solo (pH, V, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) e folha (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) foram interpretados de acordo com valores disponíveis na literatura e calculados seus valores máximos, mínimos, médias, coeficientes de variação (CV) e intervalos de confiança (IC) a P < 0.05. As classes de interpretação dos parâmetros foram avaliadas de acordo com sua distribuição de frequência. Grande parte das amostras apresentaram valores de pH e V próximos aos indicados para a bananeira. As concentrações de nutrientes no solo, em média, foram consideradas altas, no entanto, para K, Mg e S, a concentração no solo não refletiu em adequada nutrição da bananeira, estando esses nutrientes deficientes na planta. RESUMO Brasil Contudo região modo bananeira Prata SP comerciais Eldorado Cajati Jacupiranga Pariqueraaçú, Pariqueraaçú Pariquera açú, açú Pariquera-açú 201 2020 pH, (pH K Ca S B Cu Fe Zn N, N (N máximos mínimos médias CV (CV IC (IC 005 0 05 0.05 frequência média altas entanto planta 20 202 00 0.0 2 0.

ABSTRACT: Vale do Ribeira is one of the largest banana producing regions in Brazil. However, information on soil fertility and nutrient status that could limit fruit production remains scarce. Thus, the present study diagnosed the most limiting nutrient parameters for the Nanica and Prata banana cultivars, in Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo State, based on soil and leaf chemical analyses. The data assessed included samples from commercial plantations in the municipalities of Eldorado, Cajati, Jacupiranga, Pariquera-açú, Registro and Sete Barras, between 2012 and 2020. The results of soil (pH, V, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) and leaf chemical analyses (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were interpreted according to literature values and their maximums, minimums, means, coefficients of variation (CV), and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated at P < 0.05. Parameter classes were assessed according to their frequency distribution. A large part of the samples exhibited pH and V values similar to those recommended for banana plants. Although, average soil nutrient concentrations were considered high, soil K, Mg and S levels did not provide adequate banana plant nutrition, since these nutrients were deficient in the plants. ABSTRACT Brazil However scarce Thus cultivars State Eldorado Cajati Jacupiranga Pariqueraaçú, Pariqueraaçú Pariquera açú, açú Pariquera-açú Barras 201 2020 pH, (pH K Ca B Cu Fe Zn N, N (N maximums minimums means CV, CV , (CV) CI (CI 005 0 05 0.05 distribution plants Although high nutrition 20 202 (CV 00 0.0 2 0.

ABSTRACT One of the challenges in the peach palm production system is the interpretation of leaf analyses and the adaptation of fertilization recommendations. Tools that enhance fertilizer use efficiency are therefore needed. This study aimed to establish norms for evaluating the nutrient status of peach palms using the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and to determine the adequate number of palm heart samples necessary for a more accurate assessment of productivity. Production, leaf nutrient content, and soil fertility data were collected from 102 commercial stands of peach palm in the Ribeira Valley, state of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2015 and 2020. Adequate number of individual samples (palm hearts) to be collected per stand for productivity assessment was estimated. DRIS norms were established by dividing the database into high-yield (reference population) and low-yield subpopulations, using average productivity as a criterion. By assuming an acceptable error of 5 to 10 % for the assessment of peach palm productivity, taking into account total palm heart weight and/or the weight of cylinders, respectively, 16 plants per stand should be sampled. DRIS was not sensitive enough to diagnose differences in the probability of positive response to fertilization; however, the P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn contents were positively correlated with the respective nutrient indices. recommendations needed (DRIS Production content Valley Paulo Brazil 201 2020 hearts estimated highyield high yield reference population lowyield low subpopulations criterion 1 andor or cylinders respectively sampled however P K Ca Mg S B Fe Cu indices 20 202 2

ABSTRACT. For a banana tree to reach its productive potential, plants must be nutritionally balanced. Therefore, it is important to use methods that diagnose the nutritional status of plants through chemical leaf analysis, considering the relationships between nutrients and taking advantage of productivity and nutritional monitoring data from orchards. This study aimed to establish norms and ranges of nutrient sufficiency for ‘Nanica’ banana trees in Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo state, using the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) method. Productivity data and chemical analysis of the leaf tissue of 291 commercial plots of Nanica banana trees, collected between 2015 and 2020 in Vale do Ribeira, were used. The DRIS method was used to establish norms and sufficiency ranges for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. Fruit yield did not correlate with the average nutritional balance index (NBIa), indicating that its variation was affected by non-nutritional factors. The contents of K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn showed high correlations with their respective nutritional indices. The sufficiency ranges and adequate nutrient contents differed from the values established for bananas in the literature. ABSTRACT potential balanced Therefore orchards ‘Nanica Ribeira state (DRIS 29 201 202 N P K Ca Mg S B Cu Fe Mn NBIa, NBIa , (NBIa) nonnutritional non factors indices literature 2 20 (NBIa

Resumo A quantificação dos nutrientes acumulados e exportados pelos cachos da bana-neira fornece informações sobre as exigências nutricionais da cultura. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a demanda nutricional de cachos de bananeiras ‘Grande Naine’ e ‘Prata Comum’, no Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo. Realizou-se a amostragem dos cachos em seis períodos de coleta, no verão e inverno. Os resultados de produção de matéria seca e o acúmulo de nutrientes nos cachos foram submetidos à análise de variância. Estimaram-se as taxas de crescimento relativo (TCR), a acumulação líquida organogênica (TALON), a exportação e a ordem de acúmulo de nutrientes pelos cachos. O K e o N foram os nutrientes mais acumulados e exportados pelas duas cultivares. No período de coleta 5 (colheita comercial), foi produzida mais matéria seca no verão e acumulados mais nutrientes no inverno. As maiores TCRs foram observadas entre os períodos 2-3 no verão e 0-1 no inverno, porém a mesma nem sempre acompanhou a TALON. Os resultados obtidos são importantes para adequar o manejo nutricional dessas cultivares na região de estudo, principalmente em relação às épocas de cultivo, devido à maior permanência do cacho na planta no inverno e maior demanda de nutrientes até à colheita comercial.

Abstract The quantification of nutrients accumulated and exported by banana bunches provides information on the crop nutritional requirements. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the nutritional demand of 'Grande Naine' and 'Prata Comum' banana bunches in the region of Vale do Ribeira, state of São Paulo. Bunch sampling was carried out in six harvest seasons, summer, and winter. The results of dry matter production and nutrient accumulation in bunches were submitted to analysis of variance. Relative growth rates (TCR), organogenic net accumulation (TALON), export and order of nutrient accumulation in bunches were estimated. K and N were the nutrients most accumulated and exported by both cultivars. In har-vest period 5 (commercial harvest), more dry matter was produced in the summer and more nutrients were accumulated in the winter. The highest TCR values were observed between periods 2 and 3 in the summer and between 0 and 1 in the winter, but it did not always follow TALON. The results obtained are important to adapt the nutritional management of these cultivars to the study region, especially in relation to the growing season, due to the longer permanence of the bunch on the plant in the winter and greater demand for nutrients until commercial harvest.

Resumo A avaliação da produtividade das culturas com modelos de simulação pode ajudar na previsão de safras e no entendimento das interações resultantes do sistema solo-planta-atmosfera. Teve-se por objetivo no presente estudo calibrar e validar o modelo AquaCrop para a cultura do milho nas condições edafoclimáticas da região de Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brasil. As análises foram realizadas para a cultura do milho com dados de entrada do modelo (clima, cultura, solo e manejo do solo) obtidos na Estação Experimental da Fundação ABC, em Castro, Ponta Grossa e Socavão. O clima na região é subtropical úmido, com chuvas distribuídas uniformemente. O relevo varia de plano a suavemente ondulado. O período analisado no processo de calibração e validação compreendeu as safras de 2011 a 2016, e 2012 a 2016, respectivamente. Os dados utilizados na calibração do AquaCrop foram diferentes dos utilizados no processo de validação. Os rendimentos observados e simulados foram analisados em análises de regressão linear simples, erros absolutos e relativos, coeficiente de correlação (r) e índices concordância (d) e desempenho (c). A calibração do AquaCrop foi satisfatória nos locais estudados para a cultura do milho, obtendo erros absolutos variando de 6 a 121 kg ha–1. Os maiores erros de calibração ocorreram em Castro. Porém, os erros não foram suficientes para reduzir a performance no processo de validação para essa localidade. A validação do modelo resultou em desempenho “excelente” em todas as localidades avaliadas. O AquaCrop pode ser usado para prever a produção de milho com acurácia aceitável na região de Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brasil.

Abstract Crop productivity evaluation with models simulations can help in the prediction of harvests and in the understanding of the interactions resulting from the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. The aim of this study was to calibrate and validate the AquaCrop model for maize crop in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Campos Gerais region, Paraná State, Brazil. The analyses were carried out for maize crop with model input data (climate, crop, soil and soil management) obtained from the ABC Foundation Experimental Station in Castro, Ponta Grossa and Socavão. The climate in the region is humid subtropical, with rainfall evenly distributed. The relief varies from flat to gently undulating. The period analyzed in the calibration and validation process comprised 2011 to 2016 and 2012 to 2016 harvests, respectively. The data used in the calibration of AquaCrop was different from those used in the validation process. Observed and simulated yields were evaluated by simple linear regression analyses, absolute and relative errors, correlation coefficient (r), concordance (d) and performance (c) indexes. The calibration of AquaCrop was satisfactory in the locations studied for maize crop, obtaining absolute errors varying from 6 to 121 kg ha–1. The highest calibration errors occurred in Castro. However, the errors were not enough to reduce the performance in the validation process for this localitie. The model validation resulted in “excellent” performance in all locations evaluated. The AquaCrop can be used to predict the maize yield with acceptable accuracy in the Campos Gerais Region, Paraná State, Brazil.

Resumo O presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a utilização da análise de folha e flor, e verificar o órgão mais adequado para o diagnóstico do estado nutricional de goiabeiras. A avaliação foi realizada por meio da metodologia CND (Diagnose da Composição Nutricional), utilizando rendimento e teores nutricionais de flor e folha de goiabeiras ‘Paluma’, em 48 parcelas de um pomar irrigado. Os teores dos nutrientes de flor e folha foram submetidos à análise de variância, pelo teste de Tukey, a 5%, e calcularam-se as faixas de suficiência dos nutrientes nos órgãos, bem como as correlações entre as variáveis multinutrientes e o rendimento. Observou-se diferença significativa entre os teores de nutrientes na flor e na folha, bem como maior variabilidade dos teores nutricionais na folha. Os intervalos das faixas de suficiência da flor mostraram-se menores em comparação com a folha. O número de correlações entre os nutrientes e o rendimento foi maior na flor. A maior sensibilidade da análise floral, em expressar as interações entre os nutrientes e a produtividade, indica que esse órgão também pode ser utilizado para o diagnóstico nutricional de goiabeiras.

Abstract The present study aimed to compare the use of leaf and flower analysis and to verify the most appropriate organ for the diagnosis of the nutritional status of guava trees. The evaluation was carried out using the CND (Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis) methodology, using yield and nutritional contents of the leaf and flower of ‘Paluma’ guava trees in 48 plots of an irrigated orchard. The contents of flower and leaf nutrients were submitted to variance analysis, by the Tukey test at 5%, and the nutrient sufficiency ranges in organs were calculated, as well as the correlations between multi-nutrient variables and yield. Significant differences between contents of nutrients in flower and leaf, as well as greater variability in the nutritional contents in leaf, were observed. The sufficiency ranges of flower proved to be shorter compared to leaf. The number of correlations between nutrients and yield was higher in the flower. The greater sensitivity of the leaf analysis in expressing interactions between nutrients and yield indicates that this organ can also be used for the nutritional diagnosis of guava trees.

Resumo A bananicultura possui destaque na produção agrícola brasileira. Este destaque é alcançado devido ao uso de tecnologias de cultivo e de adubação adequada feita através de recomendações de avaliação de análises foliares. Objetivou-se neste estudo determinar a sazonalidade do estado nutricional da folha diagnóstica, durante o desenvolvimento do cacho da bananeira. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no município de Sete Barras-SP, com as cultivares ‘Grande Naine’ e ‘Prata’, no verão e no inverno. Avaliou-se a influência da coleta da folha diagnóstica nas estações, em seis épocas, durante o desenvolvimento do cacho, e comparou-se com a amostragem-padrão. Os valores foram submetidos à análise de variância, e, quando o F foi significativo realizou-se comparação de médias. As estações de amostragem e os estádios de coleta influenciaram o comportamento dos nutrientes na folha diagnóstica de ambas as variedades, com exceções para o Mg e o Mn. Os teores médios dos nutrientes durante os estádios de coleta não apresentaram diferença entre o 1º, 2º, 3º e 4º (padrão). Assim, para as bananeiras ‘Prata’ e ‘Grande Naine’, cultivadas no Vale do Ribeira, não há alteração significativa no teor foliar de nutrientes entre os estádios 1o a 4o, possibilitando a ampliação de coleta para análise de tecido foliar.

Abstract Banana farming has an important position in Brazilian agricultural production. This position was earned due to the use of cultivation technologies and adequate fertilization made through recommendations of evaluation of foliar analyzes. The objective of this study was to determine the seasonality of the nutritional status of the diagnostic leaf during the development of banana tree. The experiments took place in the city of Sete Barras / SP, with cultivars such as Grande naine and Prata, on summer and winter. It was evaluated the influence of the collection of the diagnostic leaf in the stations, in six seasons during the development of the banana bunch and it was compared with the standard sampling. The values were submitted to analysis of variance, and when the F was significant, a comparison of means was performed. The sampling stations and the collection stages influence the nutrient behavior in the diagnostic leaf of both varieties, with exceptions for Mg and Mn. The average levels of nutrients during the collection stages showed no difference among the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th (standard). Even for the ‘Prata’ and Grande Naine banana plants cultivated in the Ribeira Valley, there is no significant alteration in the nutrient content of the foliage among the 1st to 4th stages, allowing an increasing of collection for foliar tissue analysis.