Resumo: Objetivo Este artigo tem como objetivo reunir e atualizar os registros de espécies não-nativas em um rio subtropical do sul do Brasil, alertando para os impactos que podem exercer neste, e em outros corpos hídricos. Métodos Foi realizado um monitoramento no rio Guaraguaçu, o maior rio da planície costeira do Paraná, localizado no bioma Mata Atlântica. Os peixes foram amostrados em dois períodos: de 2002 a 2007 (mensalmente) e de 2016 a 2018 (semestralmente), e os demais organismos foram coletados em amostragens isoladas. Resultados O monitoramento registrou a presença de seis espécies de animais não-nativos neste rio – quatro espécies de peixe (Clarias gariepinus, Ictalurus punctatus, Oreochromis niloticus e Salminus brasiliensis), um invertebrado (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) e um foraminífero (Ammoglobigerina globigeriniformis), introduzidos principalmente através de escapes de aquicultura, para pesca esportiva ou por água de lastro. Tais introduções são um problema, pois, têm o potencial de impactar negativamente as espécies nativas ameaçadas de extinção neste rio através de predação, competição ou introdução de novas doenças. Conclusões No rio Guaraguaçu o crescente número de introduções é preocupante, pois estas espécies têm em comum um conjunto de características que as tornam potenciais invasoras. Continuar o monitoramento de suas populações é fundamental para detectar e minimizar seus impactos negativos na biota nativa, uma vez que há na região uma unidade de conservação (Estação Ecológica Guaraguaçu), com o objetivo de proteger o ambiente em sua condição prístina.

Abstract: Aim This paper aims to concatenate and update the records of non-native species in a subtropical River, in Southern Brazil, warning about their possible impacts in this and other water bodies. Methods Monitoring was carried out in the Guaraguaçu River, the largest River of the Paraná coastal plain, located in the Atlantic Rainforest biome. Fishes were sampled in two periods: from 2002 to 2007 (monthly) and from 2016 to 2018 (semiannually), and the other organisms were collected in isolated samplings. Results The monitoring recorded the presence of six non-native species of animals in this River – four species of fish (Clarias gariepinus, Ictalurus punctatus, Oreochromis niloticus and Salminus brasiliensis), one invertebrate (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and one foraminifera (Ammoglobigerina globigeriniformis) introduced by escapes from aquaculture, sport fishing and ballast water. These introductions are problematic because they have the potential to impact upon the endangered native species in the River through predation, competition or novel diseases. Conclusions In Guaraguaçu River the increasing number of introductions is worrying because these species have in common a set of traits that turns them into potential invaders. It is of great importance to keep monitoring their populations in order to detect and minimize their negative impacts on native biota, once there is a conservation unit in the region (Guaraguaçu Ecological Station), with the aim to protect the environment in its pristine condition.

Abstract The Indo-Pacific swimming crab Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) is native to the Indo-Pacific Ocean, and occurs as an invasive species along the Eastern American coast, where it was probably introduced in ballast water. The present study evaluated the osmoregulation and salinity tolerance of C. hellerii in Paranaguá Bay, Paraná, Brazil, an estuary under the constant threat of introduction of non-native species. The crabs were abruptly submitted to salinities of 10, 20, 30 (control), and 40 PSU for 24h. Hemolymph osmolality showed either an increase or a decrease following the changes in water salinity, presenting a pattern of hyper-osmoconformation. Muscle water content was stable at salinities from 20 to 40 PSU, and increased after exposure to 10 PSU indicating cellular swelling. At 10 PSU a physiological limit was reached, indicated by the failure of the capacity to regulate tissue water content. Although adult C. hellerii tolerate a wide range of salinities for 24 h, its osmoregulatory ability indicates a possible advantage for its establishment in estuarine waters with salinities <20 PSU. The salinity tolerance and osmoregulatory data are important basic information to be used in models to predict and prevent the invasion of the species into new areas of the Neotropics.