Abstract The mixed wheat and bocaiuva (Acrocomia totai) flour allow the development of new products to meet the consumer demand for foods with a healthy and functional appeal. Our study aimed to evaluate the physical-chemical and rheological quality of mixed flours during storage. Mixed flours with 10 and 20% replacement of wheat flour with bocaiuva flour were conditioned in impermeable films to water vapor, oxygen and light and stored at ambient temperature for up to 120 days. Flours were submitted to periodical physical-chemical and rheological analyses. Moisture stayed within the legal limit, and water activity was considered adequate to inhibit microbial growth. Titrable acidity increased in the first 30 days of storage. Adding 20% of bocaiuva to the wheat flour enriched the mixture with twice the carotenoids and higher total phenol content. The bioactive compounds showed a slight reduction during storage. The mixed flour can be indicated for elaborating bread, loaf, pasta, cakes and biscuits. The falling numbers point to the need for correcting the flour by adding enzymes to produce fermented foods.

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the oil obtained from seeds of Campomanesia adamantium by physicochemical quality parameters, oxidative stability, antioxidant activity, quality indexes, optical and thermal stability and its fatty acid profile. These seeds were a relevant source of oil (83 mg g-1) with high potential antioxidant activity (IC50 = 25.32 μg mL-1) evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) with induction period above of 50 hours. In addition, palmitic (53%) and oleic (34%) are the primary saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. This oil showed excellent quality for edible vegetable oil and bioctive compounds. The thermal stability of this oil by thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG) started at 154 and 231 °C under synthetic air and nitrogen atmospheres, respectively, and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) crystallization was onset at 4.94 °C. This study revealed as a novelty that the C. adamantium seeds are an excellent source of oil that presents best qualities, which makes it a great candidate for edible vegetable oil, as well as for production of soap, lotions and biofuel.

BACKGROUND Behavioral and neurochemical alterations associated with toxoplasmosis may be influenced by the persistence of tissue cysts and activation of an immune response in the brain of Toxoplasma gondii-infected hosts. The cerebral extracellular matrix is organised as perineuronal nets (PNNs) that are both released and ensheath by some neurons and glial cells. There is evidences to suggest that PNNs impairment is a pathophysiological mechanism associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. However, there is a lack of information regarding the impact of parasitic infections on the PNNs integrity and how this could affect the host’s behavior. OBJECTIVES In this context, we aimed to analyse the impact of T. gondii infection on cyst burden, PNNs integrity, and possible effects in the locomotor activity of chronically infected mice. METHODS We infected mice with T. gondii ME-49 strain. After thirty days, we assessed locomotor performance of animals using the open field test, followed by evaluation of cysts burden and PNNs integrity in four brain regions (primary and secondary motor cortices, prefrontal and somesthetic cortex) to assess the PNNs integrity using Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) labeling by immunohistochemical analyses. FINDINGS AND MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed a random distribution of cysts in the brain, the disruption of PNNs surrounding neurons in four areas of the cerebral cortex and hyperlocomotor behavior in T. gondii-infected mice. These results can contribute to elucidate the link toxoplasmosis with the establishment of neuroinflammatory response in neuropsychiatric disorders and to raise a discussion about the mechanisms related to changes in brain connectivity, with possible behavioral repercussions during chronic T. gondii infection.

Abstract Line A915.34.01.08 is a new source of resistance to Liriomyza sativae in melon. It was obtained by the genealogical method from a heterozygous plant with antibiosis type of resistance found within the accession CNPH 00-915. This line allows making introgression of this resistance in melon lines to develop commercial hybrids.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to estimate the genetic improvement in the last recurrent selection cycles applied in two ‘Valenciana’ onion populations in Petrolina, PE. The experiments were carried out between October 2014 and January 2015, in Petrolina and Juazeiro, BA. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design, with 12 treatments and three replications. Analyses of variances were carried out separately for each population. The control population CNPH6400 was the comparison basis. Heritability and genetic gain were estimated for total (Prototal) and commercial (Procom) bulb yields. Significant differences were observed for Prototal and Procom in both populations and in both environments, except for the 25CA10 population, in Juazeiro. The highest Procom genetic gains were observed in Petrolina for 25CA10 and T811CR13 populations (510.5% and 522.1%, respectively), proving the efficiency of recurrent selection cycles. Genetic gains were nonlinear, and fluctuations may have occurred due to genetic drift.

A cenoura (Daucus carota L.), planta da família das umbelíferas, caracteriza-se como uma das mais importantes olericulturas. Os subprodutos dos lavadores e das indústrias processadoras de cenoura podem ser valorizados com fins alimentares ou para obtenção de extratos para posterior utilização. O extrato de carotenóide da cenoura é o precursor de vitamina A, especialmente o ß-caroteno, além de possuir função antioxidante. Os subprodutos gerados após a extração de carotenóides apresentam alto teor de biomassa lenhocelulósica, susceptível à produção de etanol de segunda geração. O desenvolvimento desta tecnologia permite o pleno aproveitamento dos subprodutos de cenoura, aumentando a produção de etanol. A presente revisão consiste em discutir a utilização da cenoura para a extração de carotenóides e o aproveitamento do resíduo gerado dessa extração para produção de etanol de segunda geração.

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) plant of the family umbelliferae, is characterized as one of the most important olericulture. The by-products of scrubbers and processing industries carrot can be valued by food purposes or for obtaining extracts for later use. Carotene extract carrot it is a precursor of vitamin A, especially ß-carotene, as well as having antioxidant function. The by-products generated after the carotenoid extraction at high lignocellulosic biomass content, likely to produce second-generation ethanol. The development of this technology allows full use of the carrot products, increasing the production of ethanol. The present review is to discuss the use of carrot for carotenoid extraction and the use of the waste generated from this extraction for second-generation ethanol production.

RESUMOO estudo objetivou investigar como o tema da saúde é e/ou pode ser abordado nas práticas pedagógicas de Educação Física (EF) escolar e suas contribuições no desenvolvimento da educação para a saúde. Foi realizada uma pesquisa-ação com seis professores de EF da rede pública de ensino de Vitória/ES. A pesquisa-ação se articulou a uma formação continuada em que foram construídos e desenvolvidos cinco projetos que tematizaram a saúde. Os projetos buscaram trabalhar com um conceito ampliado de saúde, superando a concepção clássica de ausência de doença, orientada na biologia. Compreende-se que a saúde é um tema de responsabilidade de toda a escola e não uma "exclusividade" da EF. Para essa disciplina, a saúde é uma questão pedagógica, assim, sua contribuição situa-se no plano de uma educação para a saúde. Através de intervenções específicas, ligadas à cultura corporal de movimento, podem-se construir espaços de relacionamentos mais saudáveis.

ABSTRACTThe study aimed to investigate how the health theme can be addressed in the educational practices of school physical education (PE) and their contributions in the development of health education. A research action with six PE teachers from the public school network of Vitória/ES/Brazil was performed, linked to a continued formation that was built and developed five projects focused on health. The projects sought to work with a broad concept of health, outperforming the classical conception of sickness absence, oriented in biology. One understands that health is a topic of responsibility of the whole school and not an "exclusivity" of PE. For this discipline, health is a pedagogical issue, so its contribution lies in an education for health plan. Through specific interventions linked to physical culture movement can build spaces for healthier relationships.

A large number of small RNAs unrelated to the soybean genome were identified after deep sequencing of soybean small RNA libraries. A metatranscriptomic analysis was carried out to identify the origin of these sequences. Comparative analyses of small interference RNAs (siRNAs) present in samples collected in open areas corresponding to soybean field plantations and samples from soybean cultivated in greenhouses under a controlled environment were made. Different pathogenic, symbiotic and free-living organisms were identified from samples of both growth systems. They included viruses, bacteria and different groups of fungi. This approach can be useful not only to identify potentially unknown pathogens and pests, but also to understand the relations that soybean plants establish with microorganisms that may affect, directly or indirectly, plant health and crop production.

Paciente do sexo masculino, com 47 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de doença renal crônica estágio 5 por doença renal policística e em terapia dialítica por cinco anos foi submetido a transplante renal. No pós-operatório, o paciente apresentou disfunção do enxerto e hipertensão não-controlada, havendo necessidade de reintrodução da diálise. Ultrassom Doppler da artéria de rim transplantado foi sugestiva de estenose, e angiotomografia computadorizada confirmou o achado. No 49º dia de pós-operatório, foi realizada angiografia rotacional tridimensional da artéria do enxerto renal e visualizou-se imagem de dissecção causando estenose grave. Foi realizada angioplastia com implante de stent com sucesso e o paciente não mais necessita de diálise e mantém boa evolução do quadro nos últimos seis meses. Estenose de artéria renal é complicação comum, secundária, na maioria das vezes, a placa aterosclerótica. Rastreamento com ultrassom Doppler e confirmação diagnóstica com angiografia são as estratégias recomendadas, visando à intervenção. Dissecção é uma possível causa de estenose de artéria de rim transplantado.

A 47-year-old man diagnosed with stage 5 chronic kidney disease due to polycystic kidneys and on dialysis for five years was submitted to kidney transplantation. During the post-operative period the patient presented with graft dysfunction and uncontrolled hypertension, requiring reintroduction of dialysis. Doppler ultrasound suggested stenosis of the transplant renal artery, which was confirmed by CT angiography. On the 49th day after surgery, 3D rotational angiography of the renal graft artery was performed, showing dissection causing severe stenosis. Angioplasty and stent implantation were successfully performed and the patient no longer requires dialysis and has evolved well in the past six months. Transplant renal artery stenosis is a common complication, and is secondary to atherosclerotic plaque in most of the cases. Screening with Doppler ultrasound and diagnostic confirmation by angiography are the recommended strategies for intervention. Dissection is a possible cause of transplant renal artery stenosis.

A produção tradicional de híbrido de cebola (Allium cepa) requer o desenvolvimento de linhas mantenedoras e linhas macho estéreis, bem como uma linha polinizadora de boa capacidade específica de combinação. Reporta-se a identificação de linhas de cebola mantenedora e macho-estéreis numa população 'Alfa São Francisco' derivada da brasileira 'Baia Periforme', associando pareamento ao acaso no campo de plantas férteis com plantas macho-estéreis e sistema de PCR para monitoramento dos citoplasmas S, T e N. Plantas macho-estéreis produziram flores com anteras verde-claras, que foram facilmente identificadas no campo. A freqüência de 2,0% de plantas macho-estéreis foi estimada dentro de uma amostra da população 'Alfa São Francisco'. Plantas macho-estéreis produziram o marcador 5´cob de 180-pb e o marcador orfA501 de 473-pb, sugerindo que o citoplasma é do tipo T, enquanto a linha mantenedora da macho-esterilidade produziu apenas o marcador 5'cob de 180-pb. Essas linhas identificadas serão importantes para o desenvolvimento de híbridos de cebola tropical, bem adaptados às áreas de baixa latitude do Brasil e para estudos comparativos no futuro com outros sistemas da macho-esterilidade citoplasmática gênica de cebola.

The traditional onion (Allium cepa) hybrid production requires the development of maintainer and male sterile lines and also a pollinator line with good specific combination ability. We report the identification of maintainer and male-sterile onion lines within the Brazilian 'Baia Periforme' derived population, 'Alfa São Francisco', associating random field pairing of male-fertile plants with selected male-sterile plants and PCR-based marker system monitoring S, T and N-cytoplasms. Male-sterile plants produced flowers with light green anthers which were easily detected in the field. A frequency of 2.0% of male-sterile plants was estimated in the 'Alfa São Francisco' sampled population. Male-sterile plants produced the 5'cob-marker 180-bp and the orfA501-marker 473-bp fragments, suggesting the T-cytoplasm type, while the maintainer line produced only the 5'cob-marker 180-bp. These identified lines will be important to develop tropical onion hybrids well-adapted to Brazilian low latitudes and to future comparative studies with other onion cytoplasmic genic male sterility systems.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer padrões alélicos e estimar as distâncias genéticas baseadas em marcador SSR de 44 cultivares de cebola adaptadas às condições de cultivo tropicais e subtropicais do Brasil. Para visualização da similaridade genética, utilizou-se o dendrograma UPGMA gerado da matriz de distâncias do coeficiente de Jaccard, com base em 40 alelos de 13 locos SSR. O DNA total foi extraído pelo método CTAB 2x, e os produtos de PCR foram analisados em géis de poliacrilamida desnaturante 6% e corados com nitrato de prata. O número de pares de bases foi estimado pelo método da mobilidade inversa, com base em regressão de produtos de tamanho conhecido. A média da heterozigosidade dos locos SSR foi 0,58. Os 40 alelos dos 13 locos SSR foram suficientes para distinguir as 44 cultivares de cebola. O maior número de alelos em comum foi observado entre as cultivares Yellow Granex e Henry's Special PRR e o menor, entre as cultivares Baia Periforme Super Precoce e Excel. Os sete grupos principais de cultivares identificados no dendrograma apresentaram concordância com a genealogia conhecida e o tipo agronômico das cultivares avaliadas. Os locos SSR selecionados são adequados para melhoramento e proteção de cultivares da espécie.

The objective of this work was to establish allelic patterns and to estimate genetic distances based on the SSR marker in 44 onion cultivars adapted to Brazil's tropical and subtropical growing conditions. An UPGMA dendrogram generated from the distance matrix of the Jaccard's coefficient, based on 40 alleles of 13 SSR loci, was used for visualizing genetic similarities. Total DNA was extracted according to the CTAB 2x protocol, and the PCR products were analyzed in 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gels and stained with silver nitrate. The number of base pairs was estimated by the inverse mobility method, based on regression of products of known size. The heterozygosity mean was 0.58 for all SSR loci. The 40 alleles of the 13 SSR loci were enough to distinguish all 44 onion cultivars. The highest number of common alleles was observed between Yellow Granex and Henry's Special PRR cultivars, and the lowest was observed between the Baia Periforme Super Precoce and Excel cultivars. The seven main groups of onion cultivars identified in the dendrogram were in agreement with the known genetic genealogy and with the agronomic type of the analyzed cultivars. The selected SSR loci are adequate for breeding programs and for protection of the cultivars of the species.

O número de espécies de Begomovirus infectando tomateiro no Brasil aumentou significativamente após a introdução do vetor (Bemisia tabaci biótipo B). O locus Ty-1, derivado de Lycopersicon chilense, controla tolerância para isolados de Begomovirus de genoma monopartido pertencentes ao complexo do Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) que ocorre na Europa e Oriente Médio. No entanto, existe escassa informação a respeito da eficiência do locus Ty-1 contra as diferentes espécies do complexo de Begomovirus de genoma bipartido reportadas no Brasil. Híbridos heterozigotos (Ty-1/ty-1) e homozigotos (ty-1/ty-1) foram avaliados em campo aberto em duas regiões produtoras do Brasil Central. As condições experimentais foram de inóculo natural sob elevada densidade populacional de moscas-brancas virulíferas. A avaliação foi conduzida empregando um índice de severidade de sintomas (ISS) para descrever variando de 1= sem sintomas a 4= sintomas severos. A freqüência de infecção sistêmica foi avaliada via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) usando "primers universais" para detecção de espécies de Begomovirus. No ensaio 1, os híbridos heterozigotos (Ty-1/ty-1) e homozigotos (ty-1/ty-1) apresentaram 35% e 95% de plantas exibindo sintomas e 75% e 100% de plantas com PCR positivo para infecção sistêmica, respectivamente. No ensaio 2, observou-se apenas 20% da plantas do híbrido Ty-1/ty-1 sem sintomas virais, com ambos os híbridos apresentando 100% da plantas com PCR positivo. A resposta do híbrido contendo o locus Ty-1 foi similar à reportada para os begomovirus do grupo do TYLCV no Continente Europeu e Oriente Médio, tendo sido observada a presença de plantas sintomáticas e com multiplicação sistêmica do vírus. No entanto, em ambos os ensaios, a expressão de sintomas no híbrido heterozigoto foi mais suave que aquela apresentada pelos híbridos suscetíveis (ISS = 1,35 vs. 2,70 no ensaio 1 e ISS = 2,05 vs. 3,95, no ensaio 1). Análise da seqüência do DNA viral indicou a presença de isolados geneticamente relacionados à espécie Tomato rugose mosaic virus (ToRMV) no ensaio 2 e uma infecção mista de ToRMV e Tomato yellow vein streak virus (ToYVSV) no ensaio 2. Estes dados indicam que o locus Ty-1 confere uma reação do tipo "tolerância" contra distintas espécies de Begomovirus. Estreita ligação de genes de resistência e/ou tolerância a doenças é uma característica do genoma do tomateiro, especialmente no cromossomo 6 onde o locus Ty-1 está posicionado. Desta forma, estudos adicionais são necessários para demonstrar que a tolerância a distintos Begomovirus bipartidos é de fato conferida exclusivamente pelo locus Ty-1 ou pela presença de outros genes ligados.

The number of tomato-infecting begomoviruses has increased in Brazil after the introduction of the polyphagous vector Bemisia tabaci biotype B. The Ty-1 locus, introgressed from Lycopersicon chilense, controls tolerance to species of the monopartite Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) complex in Europe and the Middle East. However, little information is available about the Ty-1 effectiveness against species of the bipartite Begomovirus complex occurring in Brazil. Heterozygous (Ty-1/ty-1) and homozygous (ty-1/ty-1) hybrids were evaluated for reaction to Begomovirus isolates under open field conditions in two growing areas in Central Brazil. Test plants were evaluated under natural inoculation with high vector pressure. Evaluation was done using a disease assessment scale (DAS) varying from 1= no symptoms to 4= severe symptoms. Systemic infection was evaluated via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 'universal' Begomovirus primers. In the trial #1, the hybrids (Ty-1/ty-1) and (ty-1/ty-1) had 35% and 95% of plants with symptoms and 75% and 100% of plants with positive PCR, respectively. In the trial #2, only 20% of the Ty-1/ty-1 hybrid plants were symptom-free with both hybrids displaying 100% of plants with positive PCR. This reaction of the Ty-1 hybrid to bipartite Begomovirus species was similar to that reported in Europe and the Middle East to the TYLCV complex with a large number of plants being neither virus-free nor symptom-free. On the other hand, symptom expression of the Ty-1 hybrid was significantly milder than ty-1/ty-1 hybrids in both trials (DAS = 1.35 vs. 2.70 for the trial #1 and DAS = 2.05 vs. 3.95 for the trial #2). Nucleotide sequencing indicated the presence of isolates genetically related to Tomato rugose mosaic virus (ToRMV) in the trial #1 and a mixed infection of ToRMV and Tomato yellow vein streak virus in the trial #2. Therefore, the Ty-1 locus seems to control a "tolerance" response to distinct Begomovirus species. Resistance gene clusters is a common feature in the tomato genome, particularly at the chromosome 6 where Ty-1 is located. Therefore, additional studies are necessary to confirm if this tolerance to a range of begomoviruses is controlled by Ty-1 alone or a by the action of distinct, closely linked genes.

Avaliou-se com este trabalho o comportamento de 28 progênies F3 de Coffea arabica obtidas de cruzamentos das cultivares Catuaí Vermelho e Catuaí Amarelo com descendentes do Híbrido de Timor, realizados pela Epamig em conjunto com a UFV. Estimaram-se os parâmetros genéticos e as correlações entre caracteres, buscando conhecer a estrutura genética da população e seu potencial para o melhoramento. O experimento foi instalado em Patrocínio, Estado de Minas Gerais, em delineamento de blocos casualizados com seis repetições, contendo 28 progênies F3 e duas testemunhas da cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15. Analisaram-se as produções obtidas nas quatro colheitas iniciais, de 1997 a 2000 e alguns caracteres vegetativos. As progênies avaliadas apresentaram média de produção de grãos superior à testemunha, e grande variabilidade genética, sugerindo a possibilidade de se obter linhagens superiores. As progênies avaliadas apresentaram-se resistentes às raças fisiológicas da ferrugem presentes na região do experimento. A progênie 505-9-2 se destaca como material produtivo e vigoroso e de porte alto, enquanto as progênies 514-7-10 e 514-7-6 além de produtivas e vigorosas apresentaram porte baixo semelhante à cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15. A produção de grãos apresentou correlação genotípica alta e positiva com os caracteres diâmetro do caule, vigor, porte, altura e diâmetro da planta, mas não apresentou resultados consistentes de correlação com carga pendente. A produção de grãos de anos de colheita mostrou-se correlacionada com a produção total de quatro anos apenas a partir do segundo ano de produção.

This research aimed to evaluate the behavior of twenty eight F3 progenies of arabica coffee obtained from crosses between Catuaí cultivar and the Híbrido de Timor descents, done by Epamig in association with UFV. Genetic parameters and correlation coefficients among agronomic traits were estimated in order to know the genetic structure and the potential of the population for breeding programs. The experiment was set up in Patrocínio (MG), using randomized block design. Yields of first initial harvests (from 1997 to 2000) and some vegetative traits were analyzed. The progenies presented average yield of coffee beans higher than the control and a high genetic variability, suggesting the possibility of obtaining superior inbred lines. The progenies evaluated were resistant to the races of leaf rust present in the field. The progeny 505-9-2 is productive, vigorous and tall, while the progenies 514-7-10 and 514-7-6 are productive, vigorous and dwarf, similar to the Catuaí cultivar. Bean yield showed high positive genotypic correlations with plant vigor, plant size, plant height, stem diameter and plant diameter. Annual yields showed to be correlated with total yield of four years only after the second productive year.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a capacidade de nodulação e a especificidade de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) dos conjuntos gênicos andino e meso-americano submetidos a inóculo de Rhizobium. O experimento foi estabelecido em parcelas subdivididas em blocos ao acaso, com quatorze cultivares de feijão e três estirpes de Rhizobium (R. etli KIM 5, R. etli CIAT 632 e R. tropici CIAT 899). Somente as cultivares andinas WAF 15, WAF 7, Mineiro Precoce, WAF 6 e Antioquia 8 apresentaram especificidade na nodulação. Em relação à massa seca dos nódulos, houve diferenças significativas dos tratamentos de inoculação nas cultivares andinas WAF 15, WAF 7, WAF 6 e Diacol Andino, e na cultivar meso-americana Ouro Negro. Nenhuma das cultivares restringiu a nodulação, embora tenham sido verificadas diferenças de até 53 e 103 vezes no número e massa de nódulos por planta, respectivamente. Considerando todas as cultivares e estirpes de rizóbio, WAF 15 foi a cultivar com melhor desempenho em número e massa nodular. WAF 6 foi a cultivar de pior desempenho, chegando quase ao nível de restrição da nodulação com a estirpe R. etli CIAT 632.

The objective of this work was to determine the capacity and specificity for nodulation in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars, arising from Andean or Mesoamerican germplasm, inoculated with Rhizobium. The experiment was a factorial 14x3 in a randomized block design with fourteen dry bean cultivars and three strains of Rhizobium (R. etli KIM 5, R. etli CIAT 632 and R. tropici CIAT 899). Only five cultivars (WAF 15, WAF 7, Mineiro Precoce, WAF 6 and Antioquia 8), all from the Andean germplasm, demonstrated nodulation specificity. In relation to the nodules' dry weight, the values revealed significative difference when comparing the inoculation treatments of the Andean cultivars WAF 15, WAF 7, WAF 6 and Diacol Andino as well as the Mesoamerican cultivar Ouro Negro. None of the cultivars completely eliminated nodulation by the less compatible Rhizobium strains, but the differences in number of nodules per plant and the nodule dry weight among inoculation with the highly specific strains and the non-specific strains was 53 and 103 times greater, respectively. Considering all of the combinations of bean cultivars and Rhizobium strains, cultivar WAF 15 was the most responsive to nodulation and demonstrated superior growth and nodule number, while cultivar WAF 6 inoculated with CIAT 632 grew very little with practically no nodulation.

Marcadores RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) foram usados para avaliar a diversidade genética entre 19 cultivares de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Dos cento e oito locos de RAPD obtidos de 15 primers decâmeros, 70 foram polimórficos. Para estimar a distância genética foi usado o coeficiente de similaridade de Jaccard e as análises de agrupamento foram feitas pelos métodos UPGMA e Tocher. As análises de agrupamento confirmaram a ampla diversidade genética existente entre germoplasmas tropicais de feijão, separando as cultivares em dois grupos principais, correspondendo aos centros de domesticação Andino (genótipos de sementes médias e grandes) e Mesoamericano (genótipos de sementes pequenas). No grupo Andino, a diversidade genética relativa foi maior do que no Mesoamericano.

RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity among 19 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. Amplifications using 15 decamers primers revealed 108 RAPD loci, 70 of which were polymorphic. The relative genetic distance was estimated using the complement of Jaccard's coefficient and grouping analyses were derived from UPGMA and Tocher. These two grouping analyses confirmed the broad genetic diversity among the common bean tropical germplasm, which was divided into two main groups. These groups correspond to the Andean (genotypes with medium and large size seeds) and Mesoamerican (genotypes with small seeds) domestication centers. The relative genetic diversity was greater among the Andean cultivars than that of the Mesoamerican cultivars.