The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of chia flour (Salvia hispánica L.) as a substitute for pork fat in formulations of fishburgers made with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Five formulations, one control (without the inclusion of the flour) and four with increasing levels of substitution (12.50, 25.00, 37.50, and 50.00 %), were investigated. The inclusion of chia flour provided an improvement in the nutritional profile of fishburgers, with increases observed in the percentages of protein, fibre, and ash, in addition to a reduction in the lipid content and caloric value. In addition to modifying the texture profile, the substitution of dirty fat interfered with the colour of the studied samples, promoting a reduction in luminosity (L*) with increased flour inclusion. There was an improvement in the yield of formulations with higher percentages of chia flour. The lowest reduction in diameter and thickness of the burgers after cooking was observed with more flour. The partial substitution of swine fat with chia flour is a viable alternative to obtain healthier tilapia fishburgers with higher yield.

RESUMO Tithonia diversifolia (girassol-mexicano) é um arbusto invasor de regiões tropicais e subtropicais do mundo, porém, com características favoráveis ao seu uso como fonte alternativa de forragem. O potencial da espécie para utilização na alimentação animal motiva a se avaliarem suas características e sua produtividade de acessos de T. diversifolia provenientes de regiões de Cerrado e Mata Atlântica para cultivo como forrageira. Os acessos de T. diversifolia foram cultivados em campo e avaliados ao longo do ano, em quatro épocas/cortes. Os acessos apresentaram elevado acúmulo diário de forragem e teor de proteína bruta entre 13,2 e 18,3%, com teor de fibra sem limitação ao consumo animal e à digestibilidade. A taxa fotossintética e a eficiência do uso da água não apresentaram variação entre os genótipos de T. diversifolia. Os acessos MC, DIA, PM, NL e SRS são indicados para uso como forrageira, pois apresentam maior produção, proteína, maior crescimento e boas características químico-bromatológicas. girassolmexicano girassol mexicano (girassol-mexicano mundo porém T forrageira ano épocascortes épocas cortes épocas/cortes 132 13 2 13, 183 18 3 18,3% digestibilidade MC DIA PM produção químicobromatológicas. químicobromatológicas químico bromatológicas. bromatológicas químico-bromatológicas 1 18,3 18,

ABSTRACT Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) is an invasive shrub of tropical and subtropical regions of the world, however, it has characteristics favorable to its use as an alternative forage source. The species' potential for use in animal feeding motivates us to evaluate your characteristics and productivity of T. diversifolia accessions from regions in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest for cultivation as forage. T. diversifolia accessions were cultivated in the field and evaluated throughout the year in four seasons/cuts. The accessions showed high daily forage accumulation and crude protein content between 13.2 and 18.3%, with fiber content without limitation to animal consumption and digestibility. The photosynthetic rate and the efficiency of water use showed no variation between genotypes of T. diversifolia. The MC, DIA, PM, NL, and SRS accessions are indicated for use as forage, as they have higher production, protein, growth, and good chemical-bromatological characteristics. Mexican sunflower world however source species T seasonscuts seasons cuts seasons/cuts 132 13 2 13. 183 18 3 18.3% digestibility MC DIA PM NL production growth chemicalbromatological chemical bromatological 1 18.3 18.

ABSTRAT: Feline injection-site sarcomas in felines account for more than 40% of cutaneous and subcutaneous neoplasms in felines. The present study aimed to describe the macroscopic and histomorphological findings of feline application/injection sarcomas. Samples from 31 feline tumors with a history of feline application/inflammation sarcoma were re-evaluated regarding histological subtype, mitotic index and score, depth of tissue invasion, and presence of inflammation considering the location, intensity and predominant cell types. Of the 31 samples from felines diagnosed with sarcoma at the application/inflammation site, 87.15% were cats with no defined breed (NDB), with a mean age of 8.5 years. The predominant anatomical sites were the back and flank/abdomen, both with 29% (9/31), and the prevalent histological subtype was fibrosarcoma at 77.4% (24/31), followed by anaplastic giant cell sarcoma at 12.9% (4/31) and myxosarcoma 9.6% (3/31). The histological grade with the highest number of cases was III (51.6%), followed by Grade II (35.4%) and I (12.9%). The mean of the longest axis measurements varied between the different tumor grades without being significant, with the average being 2.5±2.79cm in Grade I tumors and 3.2±2.28cm in Grade II tumors. and 4.68±2.07cm in Grade III tumors. Necrosis was observed in 74.2% of tumors. The tissue inflammation score was mild to moderate in 58% of cases and severe in 32.2%, with lymphocytic and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates being prevalent, with 25.8% each, followed by lymphoplasmohistiocytic with 22.6%. The infiltration depth was 38.7% in muscle tissue, followed by 32.2% in the subcutaneous tissue. Pleomorphism was accentuated in 51.6%. Desmoplasia was moderate in 45.1%. Satellite nodules were present in 29% of cases, and 19.4% had macrophages with intracytoplasmic content suggestive of adjuvants. Surgical margins were infiltrated (M1) in 48.4% and narrowed in 25.8% (M2). The anatomical locations observed were different from those recommended by the Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force (VAFST); in most cases, the adjuvanted macrophage was not present. From this data, we can suggest that sarcomas in felines are not only correlated to the vaccine application, corroborating the hypothesis that any material, whether liquid or solid, and any chronic inflammatory process in the subcutaneous tissue of cats can induce the entity if they are predisposed to do so. The detailed histomorphological data evaluated in this study were key points and provided important information about tumor behavior, being a tool for clinical-oncological decision-making. ABSTRAT injectionsite injection site 40 applicationinjection application 3 applicationinflammation reevaluated re invasion location types 8715 87 15 87.15 NDB, NDB , (NDB) 85 8 5 8. years flankabdomen flank abdomen flank/abdomen 29 9/31, 931 9/31 9 (9/31) 774 77 4 77.4 24/31, 2431 24/31 24 (24/31) 129 12 12.9 4/31 431 (4/31 96 6 9.6 3/31. 331 3/31 . (3/31) 51.6%, 516 51.6% 51 (51.6%) 35.4% 354 35 (35.4% 12.9%. (12.9%) significant 25279cm cm 2 79cm 32228cm 28cm 468207cm 68 07cm 742 74 74.2 58 322 32 258 25 25.8 each 226 22 22.6% 387 38 7 38.7 32.2 451 45 1 45.1% 194 19 19.4 adjuvants M1 M (M1 484 48 48.4 M2. M2 (M2) VaccineAssociated Vaccine Associated VAFST (VAFST) material solid so behavior clinicaloncological clinical oncological decisionmaking. decisionmaking decision making. making decision-making 871 87.1 (NDB 93 9/3 (9/31 77. 243 24/3 (24/31 12. 4/3 43 (4/3 9. 33 3/3 (3/31 51.6 (51.6% 35.4 (35.4 (12.9% 74. 25. 22.6 38. 32. 45.1 19. (M 48. (M2 (VAFST 87. 9/ (9/3 24/ (24/3 4/ (4/ 3/ (3/3 51. (51.6 35. (35. (12.9 22. 45. (9/ (24/ (4 (3/ (51. (35 (12. (9 (24 ( (3 (51 (12 (2 (5 (1

L-Arginine and chronic exercise reduce oxidative stress. However, it is unclear how they affect cardiomyocytes during cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible effects of L-arginine supplementation and aerobic training on systemic oxidative stress and their consequences on cardiomyocytes during cardiometabolic disease onset caused by excess fructose. Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control (C), fructose (F, 10% fructose in water), fructose training (FT; moderate running, 50-70% of the maximal velocity), and fructose arginine (FA; 880 mg/kg/day). Fructose was given for two weeks and fructose plus treatments for the subsequent eight weeks. Body composition, blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, nitrite, metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, left ventricle histological changes, microRNA-126, -195, and -146, eNOS, p-eNOS, and TNF-α expressions were analyzed. Higher abdominal fat mass, triacylglycerol level, and insulin level were observed in the F group, and both treatments reversed these alterations. Myocardial vascularization was impaired in fructose-fed groups, except in FT. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was observed in all fructose-fed groups. TNF-α levels were higher in fructose-fed groups than in the C group, and p-eNOS levels were higher in the FA than in the C and F groups. Lipid peroxidation was higher in the F group than in the FT and C groups. During CVD onset, moderate aerobic exercise reduced lipid peroxidation, and both training and L-arginine prevented metabolic changes caused by excessive fructose. Myocardial vascularization was impaired by fructose, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy appeared to be influenced by pro-inflammatory and oxidative environments. LArginine L Arginine However (CVD development Larginine C, , (C) F, (F 10 water, water water) (FT running 5070% 5070 50 70% 70 50-70 velocity, velocity velocity) (FA 88 mg/kg/day. mgkgday mg/kg/day . mg kg day mg/kg/day) composition glucose profile nitrite metalloproteinase2 metalloproteinase 2 metalloproteinase- MMP2 MMP (MMP-2 activity microRNA126, microRNA126 microRNA 126, 126 microRNA-126 195, 195 -195 146, 146 -146 eNOS peNOS, peNOS p TNFα TNF α analyzed mass alterations fructosefed fed proinflammatory pro inflammatory environments (C 1 507 5 7 50-7 8 (MMP- microRNA12 12 microRNA-12 19 -19 14 -14 50- (MMP microRNA1 microRNA-1 -1 microRNA- -

Abstract Mosses play an important role after wildfires, acting as early colonizers before the establishment of vascular vegetation, thus stabilizing, and protecting soil against erosion. However, little is known about the effect of moss development on soil recovery after wildfires. In this work, we studied effects of mosses on soil physicho-chemical properties in a burned eucalyptus plantation under two contrasting post-fire managements in Central Portugal, six years after wildfire. Post-fire managements were applied in two separate areas from the same wildfire and consisted of salvage logging vs. mulching with standard and low application rates (8 and 2.6 Mg ha-1, respectively). Six years after fire, for each area and management type (untreated, logged, mulched standard/low), we collected five soil samples at 0-2.5 depth with and without moss biocrusts (n=50). Soils were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity, oxidizable organic C, total N, available P, aggregate stability, macro-aggregate content, and wettability. The studied post-fire managements showed contrasting effects on soil properties in the medium-term. Whereas salvage logging did not negatively affect soils, the mulching at a standard rate increased soil fertility six years after the fire. The moss biocrust emerged after the wildfire preserved soil structure, thus decreasing the risk of soil erosion.

Resumen Los musgos juegan un papel importante tras los incendios forestales actuando como colonizadores tempranos, estabilizando y protegiendo así el suelo frente a la erosión. Sin embargo, se desconoce el efecto de los musgos sobre la recuperación del suelo post-incendio. En este trabajo estudiamos los efectos a medio plazo del musgo sobre las propiedades físicoquímicas del suelo en una plantación de eucalipto de la región Centro de Portugal, afectada por un incendio forestal y con diferente gestión post-fuego. Dicha gestión consistió en saca de madera vs. aplicación de mulch estándar y reducida (8 y 2.6 Mg ha-1, respectivamente). Seis años después del incendio, para cada zona y tipo de gestión (sin tratar, saca de madera, mulch estándar/reducido), se muestrearon 5 réplicas de suelo a 0-2,5 cm de profundidad con y sin musgo (n=50). Se analizó pH, conductividad eléctrica, C orgánico oxidable, N total, P disponible, estabilidad de agregados, contenido en macroagregados y repelencia al agua. Los tratamientos post-incendio estudiados mostraron efectos contrastados sobre las propiedades del suelo a medio plazo. La saca de madera no afectó negativamente al suelo, mientras que la aplicación estándar de mulch aumentó la fertilidad edáfica. Los musgos desarrollados tras el incendio preservaron la estructura del suelo, reduciendo así el riesgo de erosión.

Chia gel is known for its functional properties such as high water and oil retention capacity, emulsifying activity, and as a stabilizer for foams and emulsions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of chia gel as a substitute for pork fat in formulations of fishburgers made with Nile tilapia. Five formulations, one control and four with increasing levels of substitution of chia gel (12.50, 25.00, 37.50 and 50.00%) were evaluated. The fishburgers were characterized regarding their physicochemical composition, their technological characteristics, and microbiological viability. With the incorporation of the gel, there was a significant reduction in lipid component and the caloric value of the formulations, in addition to an increase in the percentage of dietary fibre. In addition, no negative effects were observed regarding yield and the main texture parameters studied. However, the formulations with the highest percentage replacement of pork fat by chia gel were darker when compared to the control treatment. Chia gel may be considered as a novel substitute for pork fat; however, it is recommended that techniques be employed to produce lighter gels, thus avoiding possible rejection by the consumer.

The goal of the present study was to compare pulmonary function test (PFT) and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performance in COVID-19 survivors with a control group (CG). This was a cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19, without severe signs and symptoms, were evaluated one month after the infection. Healthy volunteers matched for sex and age constituted the control group. All volunteers underwent the following assessments: i) clinical evaluation, ii) PTF; and iii) CPET on a cycle ergometer. Metabolic variables were measured by the CareFusion Oxycon Mobile device. In addition, heart rate responses, peak systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and perceived exertion were recorded. Twenty-nine patients with COVID-19 and 18 healthy control subjects were evaluated. Surviving patients of COVID-19 had a mean age of 40 years and had higher body mass index and persistent symptoms compared to the CG (P<0.05), but patients with COVID-19 had more comorbidities, number of medications, and greater impairment of lung function (P<0.05). Regarding CPET, patients surviving COVID-19 had reduced peak workload, oxygen uptake (V̇O2), carbon dioxide output (V̇CO2), circulatory power (CP), and end-tidal pressure for carbon dioxide (PETCO2) (P<0.05). Additionally, survivors had depressed chronotropic and ventilatory responses, low peak oxygen saturation, and greater muscle fatigue (P<0.05) compared to CG. Despite not showing signs and symptoms of severe disease during infection, adult survivors had losses of lung function and cardiorespiratory capacity one month after recovery from COVID-19. In addition, cardiovascular, ventilatory, and lower limb fatigue responses were the main exercise limitations.

RESUMO Através do método para encontrar a transformada de Laplace inversa sem o uso de um contorno de integração no plano complexo, mostramos que a função de Mittag-Leffler de três parêmetros, que aparece em muitos problemas associados com cálculo fracionário, possui representações integrais similares no semieixo real positivo. Algumas delas são apresentadas.

ABSTRACT We use the method for finding inverse Laplace transform without using integration on the complex plane to show that the three-parameter Mittag-Leffler function, which appear in many problems associated with fractional calculus, has similar integral representations on the positive real axis. Some of them are presented.

RESUMO: O controle de soqueiras de algodoeiro é obrigatório em vários países produtores, e os métodos mais utilizados para essa prática são o controle mecânico e químico (glyphosate e 2,4-D são os herbicidas mais usualmente aplicados), ou a combinação de ambos. Apesar disso, a adoção de variedades de algodoeiro resistentes ao glyphosate pelos produtores tem requerido o desenvolvimento de tratamentos químicos alternativos. Seis experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar sistemas associando roçada e controle químico de soqueiras de algodoeiro resistente ao glyphosate. Experimentos conduzidos em 2014 foram instalados no delineamento de blocos casualizados com dezenove tratamentos e quatro repetições. Em 2015, os experimentos também foram conduzidos no delineamento de blocos casualizados com onze tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos herbicidas foram aplicados depois da roçada das soqueiras de algodoeiro. O controle variou em função do regime de precipitação depois da aplicação de herbicidas. A aplicação única de herbicidas em plantas rebrotadas não proporcionou eficácia aceitável na destruição de soqueiras de algodoeiro, independentemente do tratamento utilizado. As melhores opções para o controle de soqueiras de algodoeiro consistiram na aplicação de 2,4-D imediatamente após a roçada, seguido pela aplicação sequencial de associações de 2,4-D com flumiclorac, carfentrazone ou imazethapyr.

ABSTRACT: Post-harvest cotton stalk control is mandatory in many cotton producing countries, and the major methods used for this practice are mechanical and chemical (glyphosate and 2,4-D as the most usual herbicides applied), or a combination of both. However, the adoption of glyphosate-resistant cotton varieties by growers have required the development of alternative chemical treatments. Six trials were conducted to evaluate systems combining mowing and chemical control of glyphosate-resistant cotton stalks. Experiments conducted in 2014 were installed in randomized complete block design with nineteen treatments and four replicates. In 2015, the experiments were also conducted in randomized complete block design with eleven treatments and four replicates. Herbicide treatments were applied after cotton stalk mowing. Cotton stalk control varied according to rainfall regime after herbicide application. A single herbicide application to stub regrowth plants did not provide acceptable efficacy in cotton stalk destruction, independently of the treatment used. The best options for glyphosate-resistant cotton stalk control consisted of 2,4-D application immediately after mowing, followed by sequential application of combinations of 2,4-D with flumiclorac, carfentrazone or imazethapyr.

Abstract Biochar is a carbonaceous material that has excellent potential as a fertilizer and soil conditioner. However, there is a lack of information concerning the effects of the amount and particle size of this pyrogenic material on the soil sorption capacity. In this work, evaluation was made of changes in clomazone (CMZ) sorption in a Red Latosol following soil conditioning using different percentages (0.25, 0.5, and 1% w/w) of sugarcane biochar in three particle sizes (<106, 106-508, and 508-610 µm). The conditioned soils presented apparent sorption coefficients (Kd) up to 1300 times higher than that of pure soil, besides changes in the behavior of CMZ sorption. The biochar particle size and percentage influenced sorption of the herbicide as well as its retention in the amended soil during desorption processes. Both sorption and desorption Freundlich constants were linearly correlated with the external surface area of the biochar present in the soil.

RESUMO: O órgão vomeronasal é um receptor químico capaz de detectar feromônios e por essa razão está envolvido nos comportamentos reprodutivos, sociais e de defesa. A reprodução de pacas tem se destacado na área de comercialização de carne e para fins conservacionistas e de pesquisa, como modelo experimental. Diante da necessidade do detalhamento da morfologia do sistema olfatório secundário, o sistema vomeronasal, foi descrita a anatomia macroscópica, anatomia microscópica e topografia do órgão vomeronasal (OVN) da paca (Cuniculus paca). Foram utilizadas cinco pacas adultas do Setor de Animais Silvestres da FCAV, UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP. Após a eutanásia dos animais, a solução fixadora de formaldeído 10% em tampão fosfato de sódio (PBS) foi perfundida sistemicamente (via aorta ascendente). Mediante dissecação, o OVN foi localizado e individualizado para a descrição topográfica e anatômica. Posteriormente, foi isolado e incluído em parafina plástica. Cortes de cinco micrômetros foram corados com Hematoxilina-Eosina. O OVN encontra-se no assoalho da cavidade nasal em ambos os lados da base do septo nasal e está relacionado com o osso vômer, processos palatinos dos ossos pré-maxilar e maxilar. Rostralmente, comunica-se com a cavidade oral estabelecendo relação com a papila incisiva. É um órgão par com superfície irregular, levemente elíptico em secção transversal, apresentando coloração amarronzada repleta de vasos sanguíneos. À microscopia de luz, notou-se presença da cartilagem vomeronasal. O órgão é revestido por um epitélio não sensorial e neurossensorial.

ABSTRACT: The vomeronasal organ is a chemical receptor capable of detecting pheromones and for this reason is involved in reproductive, social and defense behaviors. The breeding of pacas has been highlighted in commercialization of meat and for conservation and research purposes, as an experimental model. Regarding the necessity of detailing the morphology of the secondary olfactory system, the vomeronasal system, the macroscopic anatomy, microscopic anatomy and topography of the vomeronasal organ (OVN) was described. Five adult pacas, from the wild animal Sector at FCAV, Unesp, Jaboticabal, SP were used. After the euthanasia, it was perfused 10% formaldehyde solution by ascendent aorta. The OVN was dissected for topographic and anatomical descriptions. Then, it was included in plastic paraffin. Five micrometres sections were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The OVN is located on the floor of the nasal cavity in both sides of the base of nasal septum and it was related to the vomer, palatine process of the premaxilar and maxilar bones. In rostral aspect, it has a communication with the oral cavity and with the incisive papilla. It is a paired organ with irregular surface. In transversal section is slight elliptical with brownish colour similar to a sponge full of blood vessels. By light microscopy, it was observed the vomeronasal cartilage. The organ is covered with non-sensorial and neurossensorial epithelia.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar os aspectos epidemiológicos da infecção pelo Vírus da Língua Azul (VLA) em bovinos leiteiros na microrregião de Garanhuns, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram coletadas 384 amostras de soro de bovinos fêmeas em idade reprodutiva, procedentes de 20 propriedades dos 19 municípios que compõem a região. As amostras foram testadas com a prova de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA) para pesquisa de anticorpos anti-VLA. Observou-se ocorrência de 71,3% (274/384; IC 95% - 66,5% - 75,7%) de animais positivos. Em 100% das propriedades houve ao menos um animal soropositivo. Os fatores de risco identificados foram: presença de áreas alagadas (OR=11,8; p=0,001), não realizar controle de insetos (OR=2,1; p=0,033), rebanho aberto (OR=2,1; p=0,001) e utilização de inseminação artificial (OR=8,8; p=0,003). Este é o primeiro registro de detecção de anticorpos anti-VLA em bovinos no Estado de Pernambuco. Conclui-se que a infecção pelo VLA ocorre em bovinos na área estudada e sugere-se que medidas de controle baseadas no manejo higiênico-sanitário e biosseguridade sejam implantadas para evitar a propagação do vírus, tais como: eliminação de áreas alagadiças; controle de insetos; utilizar sêmen na inseminação artificial com atestado sanitário; realizar exames sorológicos ao adquirir animais.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine epidemiological aspects of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) infection on dairy cattle in the Garanhuns microregion, Pernambuco state, Brazil. Three hundred eighty-four (384) serum samples of female bovines of reproductive age were collected from 20 farms of the 19 municipalities that make up the region. Samples were tested with the agarose gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) for anti-VLA antibody screening. There were 71.3% (274/384, 95% CI - 66.5% - 75.7%) positive animals. In 100% of the farms there was at least one seropositive animal. The risk factors identified were: presence of flooded areas (OR=11.8, p=0.001), absence of insect control (OR=2.1, p=0.033), open herd (OR=2.1; p=0.001) and use of artificial insemination (OR=8.8, p=0.003). This is the first record of detection of anti-BTV antibodies in cattle in Pernambuco state. It is concluded that BTV infection occurs in cattle in the studied area, and it is suggested that control measures based on hygienic-sanitary management and biosecurity are in place to prevent the spread of the virus, such as elimination of wetlands; Insect control; semen used in artificial insemination with health certificate; Serological tests when acquiring animals.

Thirty-six castrated male pigs were used to determine the influence of thermal environment and reduction of consumption on performance and carcass composition. Animals were housed in two climate chambers. In one, animals were in thermal comfort (TN) (22 °C), and in the other, pigs were under heat stress (HS) (34 °C). Animals were distributed in a randomized block design, making three treatments (TN, HS and animals in thermal comfort with food consumption paired with that observed in HS (PFTN)), with six replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Data were obtained on performance and carcass composition. The weight gains of HS and PFTN animals were reduced by 40.5% and 34.7%, respectively, reflecting a reduction of 13.2% in the final weight of PFTN animals. Triiodothyronine concentration was not affected by heat, but there was an increase in lymphocyte numbers in PFTN animals. The HS and PFTN animals showed lower hot carcass weight. However, there were no effects on hot carcass yield and relative weights of heart, lung and spleen. Heat stress compromised performance. The negative effects of high temperature on pigs include reduction in feed intake and changes in physiology.

RESUMO: O diuron é um herbicida amplamente utilizado na cultura do abacaxizeiro. No entanto, sua aplicação é recomendada apenas na implantação da cultura. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as trocas gasosas de quatro cultivares de abacaxizeiros submetidos à aplicação do herbicida diuron na fase reprodutiva. O experimento foi realizado com os cultivares de abacaxizeiro IAC Fantástico, Vitória, MD2 e Pérola, utilizando o princípio ativo diuron na dose de 7,5 mL L-1. As medições da taxa de assimilação de CO2, condutância estomática, transpiração, déficit de pressão de vapor e eficiência do uso da água foram feitas semanalmente, a cada hora, em duas plantas por cultivar, num período de 24 horas. Essas determinações foram realizadas aos dois dias antes da aplicação do herbicida e aos 8, 15, 22, 29 e 36 dias após aplicação do herbicida. A medição da eficiência fotoquímica foi realizada semanalmente nas mesmas datas, e todas essas determinações foram feitas na folha ‘D’. As medições das trocas gasosas foram realizadas com medidor de gases no infravermelho (IRGA), e as da fluorescência da clorofila a, com fluorímetro. A aplicação do diuron reduziu a assimilação de CO2 nas variedades de abacaxizeiro IAC Fantástico, Vitória, MD2 e Pérola, na fase reprodutiva, em todas as fases do metabolismo CAM. O diuron promoveu redução transitória da condutância estomática e aumento transitório na eficiência do uso da água. A eficiência fotoquímica dos cultivares de abacaxizeiro estudados foi afetada negativamente pelo herbicida diuron, com recuperação dos valores iniciais pelo cultivar IAC Fantástico.

ABSTRACT Diuron is a widely used herbicide on pineapple cultivations. However, its application is recommended only for the implementation of the crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the gas exchanges of four pineapple cultivars submitted to the application of the herbicide diuron at their reproductive stage. The experiment was conducted with the IAC Fantástico, Vitória, MD2 and Pérola pineapple cultivars using the active ingredient diuron at a dose of 7.5 mL L-1. Measurements of CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, vapor pressure deficit and water use efficiency were carried out weekly, by the hour, on two plants per cultivar, over a 24 hour period. These determinations were carried out two days before the application of the herbicide and 8, 15, 22, 29 and 36 days after application of the herbicide. Measurement of photochemical efficiency was performed weekly on the same dates and all these determinations were made on the ‘D’ leaf. Measurements of gas exchange were performed with an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) and of chlorophyll a fluorescence with a fluorometer. The application of diuron reduced the assimilation of CO2 in the pineapple varieties IAC Fantástico, Vitória, MD2 and Pérola, at their reproductive phase, in all CAM metabolism stages. Diuron promoted a temporary reduction of the stomatal conductance and a temporary increase in water use efficiency. The photochemical efficiency of the studied pineapple cultivars was negatively affected by the herbicide diuron, with the recovery of the initial values by cultivar IAC Fantástico.

ABSTRACT The profile of volatile organic compounds, the glandular and non-glandular trichomes of Plectranthus ornatus, obtained by in vitro cultivation, was evaluated in plants grown in Murashide and Skoog medium supplemented with benylaminopurine at 4.5, 9.0, and 18.0 µM + naphthaleneacetic acid at 5.37 µM, kinetin at 4.7, 9.3 and 18.5 µM + naphthaleneacetic acid (5.37 µM) or Murashide and Skoog 0 medium (as a control). Scanning Electron Microscopy was performed on samples of the third leaf node of the 90 days old plants obtained from treatment with 4.5 or 9.0 µM benylaminopurine, and 4.7 or 9.3 µM kinetin. Headspace Solid Phase Micro-Extraction of the 30, 60 and 90 days old in vitro plants permitted to determinate by GC/MS the composition comprised of 62 compounds. The data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis and, the major constituents of these oils after treatment and aging were monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Morphoanatomical analysis of trichomes, by Scanning Electron Microscopy, enabled the identification of non-glandular trichomes and four types of glandular trichomes, which comprised capitate and peltate glandular trichomes that were distributed on both sides of the leaf. We observed that the regulators influenced qualitative and quantitative profiles of the volatile organic compounds and the number and distribution of hairs on the leaf surface.