Abstract Fish consumption is the main path of human exposure to Hg and may represent a risk to public health, even with low Hg concentrations in fish, if consumption rates are high. This study quantifies, for the first time, the Hg concentrations in nine most commercialized species in the São Luís (MA) fish market, where fish consumption is high, and estimates human exposure. Average Hg concentrations were highest in carnivorous species, yellow hake (Cynoscion acoupa) (0.296 mg kg-1), the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) (0.263 mg kg-1), whereas lowest concentrations were recorded in iliophagous Mullets (Mugil curema) (0.021 mg kg-1) and the Shorthead drum Larimus breviceps (0.025 mg kg-1). Significant correlations were observed between Hg concentrations and fish length in two species: the Coco-Sea catfish (Bagre bagre) and the Atlantic bumper (Chloroscombrus crysurus), but not in the other species, since they presented relatively uniform size of individuals and/or a small number of samples. Risk coefficients, despite the relatively low Hg concentrations, suggest that consumers should limit their consumption of Yellow hake and Atlantic croaker, as they can present some risk to human health (EDI > RfD and THQ > 1), depending on the frequency of their consumption and the consumer’s body weight. high quantifies time MA (MA market Cynoscion acoupa 0.296 0296 0 296 (0.29 kg1, kg1 kg 1 , Micropogonias undulatus 0.263 0263 263 (0.26 Mugil curema 0.021 0021 021 (0.02 kg-1 0.025 0025 025 kg1. . CocoSea Coco Sea Bagre bagre Chloroscombrus crysurus, crysurus crysurus) andor or samples coefficients EDI 1, 1) consumer s weight 0.29 029 29 (0.2 0.26 026 26 0.02 002 02 (0.0 kg- 0.2 2 (0. 0.0 00 0. (0 (

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar as concentrações de fósforo (P) no soro e no osso, o percentual de cinzas e a densidade óssea específica em búfalas da Ilha de Marajó antes e após suplementação mineral seletiva. Foram utilizadas 14 búfalas mestiças de Murrah com Mediterrânea, com idades entre 18 e 36 meses. Os valores médios de P, antes da suplementação, no soro, no osso, o percentual de cinzas e a densidade óssea específica foram de 5,68mg/dL±1,18, 16,53%±0,53, 59,95%±1,96 e 1,52g/cm3±0,32, respectivamente, o que demonstra deficiência de P nos animais criados na Ilha de Marajó. Após a suplementação com P por um período de sete meses os valores foram 6,61mg/dl±0,87, 16,90%±0,56 e 60,30%±0,95 e 1,71g/cm3±0,21 respectivamente. Esses resultados caracterizam um aumento significativo nas concentrações de P no soro sanguíneo, na densidade óssea específica e no percentual de P nas cinzas (P<0,05), porém não houve um aumento significativo no percentual de cinzas. O aumento médio nos valores de P no soro e nas cinzas não alcançou patamares de normalidade em todas as búfalas, entretanto 28,6% delas tinham valores normais de P no soro e 50% nas cinzas, 64,3% tinham valores normais da densidade óssea específica. O não restabelecimento, em parte dos animais, das variáveis ósseas e sanguíneas após suplementação com P durante sete meses pode ter ocorrido em virtude da baixa ingestão da mistura mineral e da baixa concentração de P em Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu utilizada para alimentação dos animais durante o experimento. RESUMO Objetivouse Objetivou se (P osso seletiva 1 Mediterrânea 3 568mgdL118 mgdL 5 68mg dL mg 5,68mg/dL±1,18 1653053 16 53 0 16,53%±0,53 5995196 59 95 96 59,95%±1,9 152gcm3032 gcm 52g cm3 32 g cm 1,52g/cm3±0,32 respectivamente 661mgdl087 mgdl 6 61mg dl 87 6,61mg/dl±0,87 1690056 90 56 16,90%±0,5 6030095 60 30 60,30%±0,9 171gcm3021 71g 21 1,71g/cm3±0,2 sanguíneo P<0,05, P005 P<0,05 , 05 (P<0,05) 286 28 28,6 50 643 64 64,3 restabelecimento cv experimento 568mgdL11 5,68mg/dL±1,1 165305 16,53%±0,5 599519 9 59,95%±1, 152gcm303 1,52g/cm3±0,3 661mgdl08 8 6,61mg/dl±0,8 169005 16,90%±0, 603009 60,30%±0, 171gcm302 2 1,71g/cm3±0, P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 28, 64, 568mgdL1 5,68mg/dL±1, 16530 16,53%±0, 59951 59,95%±1 152gcm30 1,52g/cm3±0, 661mgdl0 6,61mg/dl±0, 16900 16,90%±0 60300 60,30%±0 171gcm30 1,71g/cm3±0 P0 P<0, (P<0,0 568mgdL 5,68mg/dL±1 1653 16,53%±0 5995 59,95%± 152gcm3 1,52g/cm3±0 661mgdl 6,61mg/dl±0 1690 16,90%± 6030 60,30%± 171gcm3 1,71g/cm3± P<0 (P<0, 5,68mg/dL± 165 16,53%± 599 59,95% 152gcm 1,52g/cm3± 6,61mg/dl± 169 16,90% 603 60,30% 171gcm 1,71g/cm3 P< (P<0 5,68mg/dL 16,53% 59,95 1,52g/cm3 6,61mg/dl 16,90 60,30 1,71g/cm (P< 16,53 59,9 1,52g/cm 16,9 60,3 16,5 59, 16, 60,

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate phosphorus (P) concentration in serum and bone, the percentage of ash and the specific bone density of buffaloes on Ilha de Marajó before and after mineral supplementation. For this study, 14 crossbred buffaloes of Murrah and Mediterranean descent aged between 18 and 36 months were used. The average values of P before supplementation in serum and bone, the percentage of bone ash and the specific bone density were 5.68mg/dL±1.18, 16.53%±0.53, 59.95%±1.96 and 1.52g/cm3±0.32, respectively, which demonstrated P deficiency in animals raised on Ilha de Marajó. After supplementation with P for a period of seven months, the values were 6.61mg/dL±0.87, 16.90%±0.56 and 60.30%±0.95 and 1.71g/cm3±0.21, respectively. These results showed a significant increase in P concentration in blood serum, specific bone density and percentage of P in ash (P<0.05), but there was no significant increase in the percentage of ash. The average increase in P in the serum and ash did not reach normal levels in all animals; however, 28.6% of the animals had normal values of P in serum and 50% in the ash, and 64.3% had normal specific bone density values. The nonre-establishment, in some of the animals, of the variables of P serum and bone after supplementation for seven months may have occurred as a result of the low intake of the mineral mixture and by the low concentration of P in the Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu used for feeding animals during the experiment. ABSTRACT (P 1 3 568mgdL118 mgdL 5 68mg dL mg 5.68mg/dL±1.18 1653053 16 53 0 16.53%±0.53 5995196 59 95 96 59.95%±1.9 152gcm3032 gcm 52g cm3 32 g cm 1.52g/cm3±0.32 respectively 661mgdL087 6 61mg 87 6.61mg/dL±0.87 1690056 90 56 16.90%±0.5 6030095 60 30 60.30%±0.9 171gcm3021 71g 21 1.71g/cm3±0.21 P<0.05, P005 P<0.05 , 05 (P<0.05) however 286 28 28.6 50 643 64 64.3 nonreestablishment, nonreestablishment nonre establishment, establishment nonre-establishment cv experiment 568mgdL11 5.68mg/dL±1.1 165305 16.53%±0.5 599519 9 59.95%±1. 152gcm303 1.52g/cm3±0.3 661mgdL08 8 6.61mg/dL±0.8 169005 16.90%±0. 603009 60.30%±0. 171gcm302 2 1.71g/cm3±0.2 P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 28. 64. 568mgdL1 5.68mg/dL±1. 16530 16.53%±0. 59951 59.95%±1 152gcm30 1.52g/cm3±0. 661mgdL0 6.61mg/dL±0. 16900 16.90%±0 60300 60.30%±0 171gcm30 1.71g/cm3±0. P0 P<0. (P<0.0 568mgdL 5.68mg/dL±1 1653 16.53%±0 5995 59.95%± 152gcm3 1.52g/cm3±0 661mgdL 6.61mg/dL±0 1690 16.90%± 6030 60.30%± 171gcm3 1.71g/cm3±0 P<0 (P<0. 5.68mg/dL± 165 16.53%± 599 59.95% 152gcm 1.52g/cm3± 6.61mg/dL± 169 16.90% 603 60.30% 171gcm 1.71g/cm3± P< (P<0 5.68mg/dL 16.53% 59.95 1.52g/cm3 6.61mg/dL 16.90 60.30 1.71g/cm3 (P< 16.53 59.9 1.52g/cm 16.9 60.3 1.71g/cm 16.5 59. 16. 60.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has caused several problems in healthcare systems around the world, as to date, there is no effective and specific treatment against all forms of COVID-19. Currently, drugs with therapeutic potential are being tested, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, immunotherapy, and antibiotics. Although antibiotics have no direct effect on viral infections, they are often used against secondary bacterial infections, or even as empiric treatment to reduce viral load, infection, and replication of coronaviruses. However, there are many concerns about this therapeutic approach as it may accelerate and/or increase the long-term rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We focused this overview on exploring candidate drugs for COVID-19 therapy, including antibiotics, considering the lack of specific treatment and that it is unclear whether the widespread use of antibiotics in the treatment of COVID-19 has implications for the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Because bone-associated diseases are increasing, a variety of tissue engineering approaches with bone regeneration purposes have been proposed over the last years. Bone tissue provides a number of important physiological and structural functions in the human body, being essential for hematopoietic maintenance and for providing support and protection of vital organs. Therefore, efforts to develop the ideal scaffold which is able to guide the bone regeneration processes is a relevant target for tissue engineering researchers. Several techniques have been used for scaffolding approaches, such as diverse types of biomaterials. On the other hand, metallic biomaterials are widely used as support devices in dentistry and orthopedics, constituting an important complement for the scaffolds. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the degradable biomaterials and metal biomaterials proposed for bone regeneration in the orthopedic and dentistry fields in the last years.

Abstract We assessed the current knowledge on non-avian reptile species composition in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), southeastern Brazil. We used published data in indexed journals and verified voucher specimens housed in the herpetological collections of the Museu Nacional (UFRJ), and the Laboratory of Reptiles (ZUFRJ). We also confirmed vouchers from Instituto Vital Brazil (IVB) and from the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ). We compiled a list containing 149 species of reptiles, distributed among Testudines (N = 15), Crocodylia (N = 1) and Squamata (N = 133; six amphisbaenians, 38 lizards and 89 snakes). Our results add 20 species to the previous list known for the state. Four species recorded are endemic to the state of Rio de Janeiro (Anolis neglectus, Glaucomastix littoralis, Leposternon scutigerum, and Liolaemus lutzae). We identified that 21 reptile species recorded in RJ state (nearly 15% of the total) are included in some threat category either in the IUCN, Brazilian (ICMBio) or state lists of endangered species. We also report that seven of the reptiles recorded are non-indigenous to the state: Cnemidophorus aff. lemniscatus (= Cnemidophorus cryptus), Anolis sagrei, Trachemys scripta, Trachemys dorbigni, Hemidactylus mabouia, Crotalus durissus terrificus, and Rhinoclemmys punctularia. The checklist presented here provides a comprehensive database for further research on the herpetofauna of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

RESUMO Este estudo teve o objetivo de demonstrar o efeito da idade sobre as características de circunferência escrotal, cor de pelagem e qualidade seminal, desde a puberdade até após a maturidade sexual. Foram utilizados dados de 6607 exames andrológicos de touros da raça Nelore criados a pasto. Os animais eram de diferentes faixas etárias, variando de 12 até 80 meses. O exame andrológico consistiu em exame clínico reprodutivo, perímetro escrotal (PE), avaliação do sêmen e nota para cor do pelame (COR; 1-4). Estabeleceram-se quatro faixas etárias, que foram comparadas pelo teste de Bonferroni. Os parâmetros seminais PE e COR variaram (P<0,05) conforme a faixa etária dos animais: A) 12-18m: COR=1,45±0,64a, PE=31,63±3,51cma, motilidade total (Mot)=67,73±17,99%a, total de defeitos espermáticos (TDE)=16,22±16,95%a; B) 18-24m: COR=1,50±0,57b, PE=32,00±3,47cma, Mot=69,60±29,13%a, TDE=14,49±15,00%b; C) 24-36m: COR=1,51±0,66b, PE=33,56±3,91cmb, Mot=69,46±15,52%a, TDE=12,29±12,92%c; D) 36-48m: COR=1,60±0,57c, PE=36,66±3,50cmc, Mot=71,04±16,19%b, TDE=10,87±12,97%d; E) >48m: COR=1,64±0,72c, PE=38,00±3,22d, Mot=71,54±15,30b, TDE=9,70±16,95d. Concluiu-se que a faixa etária influencia o tamanho testicular, a cor da pelagem e os parâmetros de qualidade seminal. Com o avançar da idade, ocorre escurecimento do pelo, aumento do perímetro escrotal, da motilidade e do vigor, e redução dos defeitos espermáticos de touros Nelores criados a pasto, avaliados a partir de 12 meses de idade.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of age on bull traits such as scrotal circumference, pelage color, and semen quality, from puberty to post sexual maturity. Data from 6607 breeding soundness examinations of pasture raised Nelore bulls were used. The animals presented different age groups ranging from 12 to 80 months. The andrological examination consisted in reproductive clinical evaluation, assessment of scrotal perimeter (PE). In addition, color of pelage (COR; 1-4) was recorded for each animal. Four age groups were established, which were compared by Bonferroni test. Semen parameters, scrotal circumference (PE) and color of the pelage (COR) varied (P< 0.05) according to the age range: A) 12-18m: COR=1.45±0.64 a , PE=31.63±3.51cm a , Total Motility (Mot)=67.73±17.99% a , Total os sperm defects (TDE)=16.22±16.95% a ; B) 18-24m: COR=1.50±0.57 b , PE=32.00±3.47cm a , Mot=69.60±29.13% a , TDE=14.49±15.00% b ; C) 24-36m: COR=1.51±0.66 b , PE=33.56±3.91cm b , Mot=69.46±15.52% a , TDE=12.29±12.92% c ; D) 36-48m: COR=1.60±0.57 c , PE=36.66±3.50cm c , Mot=71.04±16.19% b , TDE=10.87±12.97% d ; E) >48m: COR=1.64±0.72 c , PE=38.00±3.22 d , Mot=71.54±15.30 b , TDE=9.70±16.95 d . It was concluded that age influences testicular size, pelage color, and semen quality parameters. As the age progresses, there is an increase in scrotal perimeter, hair darkening, sperm motility and vigor, and reduction of sperm morphological defects of pasture raised Nelore bulls, assessed as from as 12 months of age.

Abstract Data on the structure of lizard communities in the different biomes and ecosystems of Brazil are still limited. In this study, we related the species richness, abundance and the spatial occurrence of lizards to the structure of the vegetation found on the coast of the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, to determine whether habitat influences the structure of lizard communities. We conducted fieldwork in 2012, 2013 and 2014, collecting data in standardized samples. We analyze whether variables of vegetation structure influenced species richness and abundance, using Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). We recorded 12 lizard species from eight families. In general, species richness and abundance were similar among sites. Locally, we recorded the highest species richness in shrubby vegetation, open Clusia vegetation, and the restinga forest zone. Bromeliads explained the occurrence of teiids, although there was no systematic relationship between species richness and vegetation structure. Our results provide important insights into the characteristics of the lizard communities found on sandy coastal plains and contribute to the conservation of these species in these ecosystems.

RESUMO: A Transferência de Embrião (TE) contribuiu efetivamente para a produção de equinos e outras espécies. O mercado de muares tem apresentado um contínuo crescimento, entretanto, a aplicação das biotecnologias para a produção desses animais ainda é escassa. O presente estudo avaliou a taxa de recuperação embrionária e as características dos embriões provenientes do cruzamento de éguas com jumentos. Os embriões foram recuperados entre os dias 6 e 9 após a ovulação, dessa forma foi realizada a avaliação da taxa de recuperação embrionária e avaliação das características relacionadas com a idade, morfologia e diâmetro embrionário. A taxa de recuperação embrionária total foi de 55,9% (71/127), e não apresentou diferença para as colheitas realizadas em diferentes dias (D6-D9). Foram recuperados embriões nos estágios de mórula, blastocisto inicial, blastocisto e blastocisto expandido. O tamanho dos embriões variou entre 147-1688μm e a média do diâmetro de todos os embriões recuperados foi de 438,04μm. A recuperação de embriões muares pode ser realizada entre os dias 6 e 9 após a ovulação, e propicia a recuperação de embriões nos primeiros estágios de desenvolvimento.

ABSTRACT: Production biotechnologies, particularly embryo transfer (ET) has constantly been contributed to reproduce horses and other species. The mules market has shown continuous growth, however, the biotechnology for mule assisted reproduction is still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the embryo recovery rate and the features of the embryos from mares bred with donkeys. The embryos recovery attempts were performed on days 6 to 9 after ovulation, in order to evaluate the embryo recovery rate and the features related to age, morphology and embryonic diameter in each day. The overall embryo recovery rate was 55,9% (71/127), and there was no significant difference (p>0,05) on different days (D6-D9). Embryos were recovered in stages of mórula, early blastocyst, blastocyst and expanded blastocyst. The diameter of the embryos ranged from 147-1688μm and the mean diameter of all the embryos collected was 438,04μm. The collection of hybrid embryos might be performed between days 6 and 9 after ovulation, and provides recovery of embryos in the early stages of development.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a exigência de proteína bruta (PB) de juvenis de curimatã-pacu (Prochilodus argenteus). O experimento foi conduzido por um período de 60 dias, utilizando um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos (dieta contendo 24,0; 28,0; 32,0 e 36,0% de PB) e cinco repetições cada, em que 100 juvenis (peso inicial de 0,33 ± 0,01g) foram distribuídos em 20 aquários experimentais com volume de 130L, sendo considerada como unidade experimental uma caixa com cinco peixes, sob recirculação de água. Avaliaram-se o desempenho produtivo, o crescimento heterogêneo, os parâmetros morfométricos, fisiológicos e a viabilidade econômica das rações em função do nível de PB. Pela análise de regressão, foi verificado um aumento linear nos parâmetros de desempenho, morfométricos e fisiológicos, com o aumento do nível proteico nas rações. Quando comparados pelo teste de Tukey, o melhor resultado (P>0,05) foi obtido com 36% de PB. Verificou-se menor heterogeneidade de crescimento dos peixes à medida que se aumentavam os níveis de PB na ração. Assim, considerando também a viabilidade econômica, recomenda-se a utilização de rações com 36% de proteína bruta para juvenis de curimatã-pacu.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determinate crude protein (CP) requirement to curimatã-pacu juveniles (Prochilodus argenteus). The experiment was conducted during 60 days in a completely randomized design, with four treatments (24.0, 28.0, 32.0 and 36.0% CP of diet) and five replications, where a hundred juvenile fishes (initial weight de 0.33 ± 0.01g), were distributed in twenty tanks (130L each). Each tank with five juveniles was considered an experimental unit, with water recirculation. Performance, heterogeneous growth, morphometric and physiological parameters, and economic viability of the rations according to the CP levels were evaluated. For the regression analysis, a linear increase in performance, heterogeneous growth and morphometric and physiological parameters with increased of the protein in rations were observed. When compared by the Tukey test (P>0.05), the best results were obtained with 36% CP. There was lower fish growth heterogeneity as the levels of CP in the diet increased. Thus, taking into consideration the economic viability it is recommended to use feed containing 36% of crude protein to curimatã-pacu juveniles.

Resumo Objetivo: Revisão sistemática sobre a densidade de incidência e de fatores de risco para infecção associada a cateter venoso central em população neonatal. Fontes dos dados: Usaram-se os bancos de dados Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Bdenf, Scielo e Lilacs, sem restrição de data ou de idioma. Identificaram-se os estudos que analisaram fatores de risco para infecção da corrente sanguínea em recém-nascidos. Síntese dos dados: Foram encontrados 134 artigos conforme os critérios de elegibilidade. Desses, foram selecionados 14 que abordaram fatores de risco para infecção associada a cateter venoso central em neonatos. A infecção da corrente sanguínea associada a cateter continua a mostrar-se como uma importante complicação, conforme demonstram as taxas de incidência relatadas nos estudos incluídos nesta revisão. Os fatores de risco observados apontam que baixo peso ao nascer, prematuridade e maior tempo de permanência do cateter estão relacionados a maior incidência de infecção da corrente sanguínea. Observou-se que taxas de infecção associada a cateter em valores baixos, próximos a zero, já são uma realidade em instituições de saúde de países desenvolvidos, uma vez que usam programas de vigilância e controle de infecção. Conclusão: A infecção da corrente sanguínea associada a cateter ainda apresenta altas taxas de densidade de incidência em países em desenvolvimento. Destaca-se a necessidade de mais estudos longitudinais e a necessidade de melhores estratégias de prevenção dos fatores de risco para a redução de infecção associada a cateter.

Abstract Objective: This was a systematic review of the incidence density and risk factors for central venous catheter-related infections in a neonatal population. Data source: The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, BDENF, SciELO, and LILACS databases were used without date or language restriction. Studies that analyzed risk factors for bloodstream infections in newborns were identified. Data synthesis: A total of 134 articles were found that met the eligibility criteria. Of these articles, 14 were selected that addressed risk factors for central venous catheter-related infection in neonates. Catheter-related bloodstream infections remain an important complication, as shown by the incidence rates reported in the studies included in this review. The observed risk factors indicate that low birth weight, prematurity, and longer catheter permanence are related to a higher incidence of bloodstream infections. It has been observed that low rates of catheter-related infections, i.e., close to zero, are already a reality in health institutions in developed countries, since they use infection surveillance and control programs. Conclusion: Catheter-related bloodstream infections still show high incidence density rates in developing countries. The authors emphasize the need for further longitudinal studies and the need for better strategies to prevent risk factors, aiming at the reduction of catheter-related infections.

RESUMO Nos trópicos, o uso de raças adaptadas tem sido uma estratégia para minimizar o efeito do estresse térmico calórico (ETC). No entanto, faltam informações que quantifiquem o estresse e o seu efeito sobre a reprodução dessas raças. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade do oócito recuperado e alguns parâmetros fisiológicos indicadores de ETC em bovinos de raças adaptadas. Animais Bos taurus x Bos indicus (n=6) e Bos taurus (raça Pantaneira; n=12), localizados na região de transição entre o Cerrado e o Pantanal brasileiro, foram submetidos à aspiração folicular guiada por ultrassonografia (OPU) em diferentes condições climáticas. Foram realizadas oito sessões de OPU, com intervalo mínimo de sete dias e máximo de 54 dias entre as coletas. Para caracterização climática, foi realizado o cálculo do índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU). Foram quantificados os ITUs do dia da OPU, sete dias antes e 60 dias antes de cada sessão. Os parâmetros fisiológicos e a viabilidade oocitária de fêmeas das raças Girolando e Pantaneira não foram afetados negativamente por ITUs entre 72 e 78. O ETC crônico (60 dias) parece afetar a viabilidade oocitária de doadoras na raça Pantaneira quando ITU é superior a 75.

ABSTRACT In tropical regions, the use of adapted breeds has been a strategy to minimize the effect of heat stress (HS) in cattle. However, information quantifying stress and its effect on reproduction of these breeds is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the recovered oocyte and some physiological parameters that indicate HS in adapted breed. Bos taurus x Bos indicus (n=6) and Pantaneira (n=12) cows, located in the transition region between Cerrado and Brazilian Pantanal, underwent follicular aspiration guided by ultrasound (OPU) in different weather conditions. Eight sessions of OPU were carried out, with a minimum interval of 7 days and maximum 54 days between sessions. For weather characterization, the temperature and humidity index (THI) was calculated. THI of the day of OPU, 7 days before and 60 days before each session were calculated. The physiological parameters and oocyte viability of Girolando and Pantaneira cows were not negatively influenced under ITU between 72 and 78. The chronic HS (60 days)may affect the oocyte viability of Pantaneira donors when ITU is over 75.

Essential oils (EO) are volatile liquids responsible for the aroma of plants. Pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds have received widespread use in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. For this reason and because Pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds have great EO content, which is frequently pharmacologically active, the present study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of EO from Pterodon polygalaeflorus (EOPPgfl) and its acute toxic effects. The EEOPPgfl sample, which was extracted by steam distillation of the seeds, had a yield of 2.4% of the seeds weight and had, as major constituents, beta-elemene (48.19%), trans-caryophyllene (19.51%), and epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (12.24%). The EOPPgfl sample showed mild acute toxicity and its calculated median lethal dose (LD50) was 3.38 g/kg. EOPPgfl (20–60 mg/kg) showed antinociceptive activity as evidenced by several tests and inhibited writhing induced by acetic acid. The maximum effect was obtained with the 30 mg/kg dose and at 60 min after its administration. EOPPgfl also decreased formalin-induced nociception, as verified by the inhibition of the first and second phase of the formalin test. At 30 mg/kg, EOPPgfl also decreased thermally stimulated nociception. Nociception may be related to inflammatory and antiedematogenic activity and at doses ranging 10–100 mg/kg, EOPPgfl blocked dextran- and carrageenan-induced edema. The results demonstrated that EOPPgfl presented, at doses approximately 100 times smaller than LD50, an antinociceptive effect that probably was due to anti-inflammatory activities.

RESUMO A cicatrização de feridas é um processo que requer a interação de várias células da derme e epiderme. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar qual o momento da aplicação das células das ADSCs em feridas cutâneas agudas que faria diferença na cicatrização nos primeiros sete dias da lesão. As células-tronco foram isoladas do tecido adiposo de camundongos C57Bl/6 GFP+. Para tanto, foram utilizados 49 camundongos C57Bl/6, divididos em quatro grupos: grupo I (GI/controle; n=14); grupo II (GII; n=14): ADSCs injetadas no d0; grupo III (GIII; n=14): ADSCs injetadas no terceiro dia; e Grupo IV (GIV; n=7): ADSCs injetadas no quinto dia. As avaliações clínicas ocorreram nos dias zero, três, cinco e sete, e as histopatológicas nos dias cinco e sete. Na metodologia proposta, foi observado que o uso de ADSCs aumenta a vascularização, a formação de tecido de granulação, a colagenização e incrementa o número de folículos pilosos em apenas sete dias de avaliação. Além disso, o momento da aplicação das células não repercutiu diferenças significativas nas fases inflamatória e proliferativa do processo de cicatrização das feridas cutâneas.

ABSTRACT Wound healing is a process that requires the interaction of various cells in the dermis and epidermis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of ADSCs in the treatment of acute wounds in order to understand if application time of the cells results in a difference in healing the first seven days of injury. The stem cells were isolated from adipose tissue of C57BL / 6 mice GFP +. Thus, we used 49 mice C57BL / 6 divided into four groups: Group I (GI / control, n=14); Group II (GII; n=14): ADSCs injected to the d0; Group III (GIII; n=14): ADSCs injected on the 3rd day, and Group IV (GIV; n=7): ADSCs injected day 5(d5). Clinical evaluations were performed on days 0, 3, 5 and 7 and the histopathology on days 5 and 7. In the proposed methodology, the use of ADSCs increased vascularization, formation of granulation tissue, collagen deposition and increases the number of hair follicles in just seven days of evaluation. In addition, the time of application of the cells did not affect significant differences in the inflammatory and the proliferative phase of wound healing skin.

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial potential of extracts of bark and leaves of Cassia bakeriana Craib, Fabaceae, against aerobic and anaerobic oral bacteria was evaluated by the microdilution broth method. For crude ethanol extracts and organic fractions tested, the bark dichloromethane phase showed a significant antibacterial effect, with MIC values ranging from 12.5 to 100 µg/ml for most of the microorganisms tested. Thus, a bioassay-guided fractionation of this fraction was performed. This fractionation led to isolation of the 1,8-dihydroxy-anthraquinone-3-carboxylic acid, also known as cassic acid or rhein. It is the first time that this bioactive anthraquinone has been isolated from this plant. Rhein exhibited good selectivity and high activity against anaerobic microorganisms, with MIC values ranging between 3.12 µg/ml (11.0 µM) and 25 µg/ml (88.0 µM). These results were considered very promising since the most active samples and rhein showed greater selectivity against oral microorganisms than toxicity to Vero cells.

Resumo: Em uma propriedade localizada na região nordeste do Estado do Pará foram analisadas alternativas de suplementação mineral para bovinos de corte, da raça nelore, machos, com idades entre 18 e 20 meses e pesos de 299,5 a 308,5 kg. Foram avaliados o custo benefício, os valores dos minerais no fígado e nas costelas e o ganho de peso médio diário dos animais submetidos aos diferentes tratamentos. O estudo foi realizado durante seis meses (março a agosto de 2012), no período de ótima oferta de pastagem. Foram utilizados 60 bovinos, divididos em três grupos de 20 animais em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. O Grupo 1 foi suplementado com uma mistura mineral seletiva (MMS) composta por 25kg de NaCl, 50kg de fosfato bicálcico,190g de sulfato de Cobre, 60g de sulfato de Cobalto e 15g de selenito de sódio; essa mistura continha, em um quilograma, 133g de Na, 123g de P, 631 mg de Cu, 167mg de Co e 9 mg de Se; essa mistura foi proposta com base no prévio diagnóstico clínico-nutricional do rebanho. O Grupo 2 foi suplementado apenas com NaCl (Grupo controle) e o Grupo 3 recebeu uma mistura mineral comercial (MMC), rotineiramente utilizada na fazenda, contendo, em um quilograma, 130g de P, 220g de Ca, 18g de Mg, 36g de S, 6.000mg de Zn, 1.500mg de Cu, 2.000mg de Mn, 200mg de Co, 90mg de I e 36mg de Se. O melhor custo benefício foi obtido com a mistura mineral seletiva. A pastagem não contém Co suficiente para atender as necessidades dos bovinos do grupo controle, mas foi capaz de suprir as necessidades de P, Cu, Zn e Se durante os cinco meses do experimento.

Abstract: Three alternatives of mineral supplementation of 18 to 20-month-old male Nelore cattle with 299.5 to 308.5 kg of body weight were used at a farm in northeast of Pará state, Brazil. To evaluate which mineral mixture resulted in better cost-benefit, three groups of 20 head were supplemented for six months, from March to August of 2012. Group 1 was supplemented with a selected mineral mixture (SMM) composed of 25kg NaCl, 50kg dicalcium phosphate, 190g copper sulphate, 60g cobalt sulphate, and 15g sodium selenite, having 133g Na, 123g P, 631mg Cu, 167mg Co, and 9mg Se per kg; this mixture was made based in previous clinical-nutritional examination of herd. Group 2 (control), supplemented only with NaCl; and group 3 received a commercial mineral mixture (CMM), routinely used in this farm, with 130g P, 220g Ca, 18g Mg, 36g S, 6000mg Zn, 1500mg Cu, 2000mg Mn, 200mg Co, 90mg I, and 36mg Se per kg. Concentrations of phosphorus, copper, zinc and iron were determined in liver and 12th ribs. The best cost-benefit alternative was the SMM; the forage alone did not contain enough Co to meet the requirements of the control group, but provided enough P, Cu, Zn and Se during the five months of the experiment.