Resumen Para la caracterización microbiológica y molecular se aislaron e identificaron microorganismos cultivables de 4 bioinsumos comerciales provenientes del occidente y norte de Nicaragua. Esto involucró la tipificación morfológica a través de: tinción Gram para bacterias y observación de esporas para hongos filamentosos. Se realizó la extracción y secuenciación del ADN (gen ADNr 16S - bacterias, región ITS1- ITS4 hongos filamentosos) para obtener los arboles filogenéticos. Se logró la identificación molecular de 28 de 30 microorganismos aislados (23 bacterias: 12 especies, 11 géneros; 5 hongos filamentosos: 4 especies, 1 género). Encontrándose en los Bioisumos zona norte: muestra TS: 5 bacterias (Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus thuringiensis, 2 Bacillus sp. y Stenotrophomonas sp.) y 3 hongos filamentosos (Monascus pupureus, Neosartorya glabra y Aspergillus flavus- reportado como patógeno para cultivos); muestra LS: 6 bacterias (Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sp., 2 Stenotrophomonas sp. y Paenibacillus sp.); muestra LL: 3 bacterias (Bacillus Megaterium, Staphylococcus succinus y Bacillus sp.) y 2 hongos filamentosos (Byssochlamys nívea - reportado como contaminante en fruta procesada y otro no identificado). Zona de occidente, muestra DCL: 9 bacterias (2 Lysinibacillus macroides, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus cereus - patógeno para el ser humano, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, 2 Bacillus sp. y una Stenotrophomonas sp.) y 1 hongo levaduriforme no identificado molecularmente. Lo anterior muestra gran diversidad microbiana y la presencia de patógenos en los bioinsumos que son perjudiciales para la planta y el ser humano.

Abstract To develop the microbiological and molecular characterization, cultivable microorganisms from four commercial biofertilizers from western and northern Nicaragua were isolated and identified. This involved morphological identification through: Gram staining for bacteria and observation of spores for filamentous fungi. In order to obtain the phylogenetic trees, DNA extraction and sequencing was performed (16s rDNA gene for bacteria and ITS1 region for fungi). The molecular identification of 28 out of 30 isolated microorganisms was achieved (23 bacteria: 12 species, 11 genus, 5 filamentous; fungi: 4 species and 1 genus). Found in the northern zone inoculant: TS sample: 5 bacteria (Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus thuringiensis, 2 Bacillus sp. and Stenotrophomonas sp.) and 3 filamentous fungi (Monascus pupureus, Neosartorya glabra and Aspergillus flavus- reported as pathogen for crops). LS sample: 6 bacteria (Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sp., 2 Stenotrophomonas sp., and Paenibacillus sp.). LL sample: 3 bacteria (Bacillus Megaterium, Staphylococcus succinus and Bacillus sp.) and 2 filamentous fungi (Byssochlamys nivea - reported as contaminants in processed fruit and another that was not sequenced). Western zone, DCL sample: 9 bacteria (2 Lysinibacillus macroides, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus cereus - pathogenic for humans, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, 2 Bacillus sp. and 1 Stenotrophomonas sp.) and 1 yeast fungus, that was not sequenced. The above shows great microbial diversity and the presence of pathogens in biofertilizer that are harmful to the plant and the human beings.