The present work carried out an extensive and deepened study regarding the physico-chemical characteristics of two Si-MCM-41-type supports, synthesized employing two distinct silica precursors, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and rice husk ash (RHS), with the dispersion of nickel on the surface of the catalytic support. The direct influence of the active phase dispersion was analyzed, making a relationship with the formation of coke and with its performance on methane dry reform (DRM). The catalysts were prepared with 5, 10, and 20% (m/m) of Ni by wet impregnation method (with excess solvent), calcined at 800 ºC for 6 h, and characterized by the techniques of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/ EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)/Barret-Joyer-Halenda (BJH), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), temperature-programmed ammonia desorption (TPD-NH3), and H2-temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The DRM experiments were carried out at 800 °C for 24 h with a 1:1 CH4:CO2 molar ratio. Analyzes of gaseous products were performed in gas chromatography (GC) and the coke produced was estimated by temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO). The best reaction results were obtained for catalysts with 20% nickel, which were selective and stable within 24 h of reaction. Comparing the TEOS and RHS catalysts for 20% Ni, the DRM results were very similar. The catalysts on RHS support demonstrated a significant low formation of coke, which can be considered negligible in a 24 h reaction. physicochemical physico chemical SiMCM41type SiMCMtype Si MCM 41 type supports precursors (TEOS RHS, , (RHS) analyzed DRM. . (DRM) 5 10 20 m/m mm m (m/m solvent, solvent solvent) 80 SEM/ SEM (SEM EDS, EDS EDS) TEM, TEM (TEM) BrunauerEmmettTeller Brunauer Emmett Teller BET/BarretJoyerHalenda BETBarretJoyerHalenda BET /Barret Joyer Halenda Barret BJH, BJH (BJH) Xray X ray XRD, XRD (XRD) FTIR, FTIR (FTIR) temperatureprogrammed temperature programmed TPDNH3, TPDNH3 TPDNH TPD NH3 NH (TPD-NH3) H2temperatureprogrammed Htemperatureprogrammed H2 H TPR. TPR (TPR) C 2 11 1 1: CH4CO2 CHCO CH4 CO2 CH CO CH4:CO ratio GC (GC TPO. TPO (TPO) similar SiMCM 4 (RHS (DRM 8 (TEM BarretJoyerHalenda (BJH (XRD (FTIR (TPD-NH3 (TPR CH4CO (TPO (TPD-NH

Abstract Natural products have been studied as potential anthelmintic drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the polypeptides/proteins exuded from Mimosa caesalpiniifolia mature seeds on the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. After seed immersion for 24 h at 25 ºC in sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 0.15 M NaCl and 1.0 M MgSO4, the constituent polypeptides/proteins were fractionated using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by ultrafiltration and their effects on C. elegans motility were assessed. Moreover, we evaluated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) whether exposition of the nematode to the polypeptide fraction McSEX10-2 could cause any alteration on the animal’s external surface (cuticle). The whole seed exudates (SEX) from the M. caesalpiniifolia mature seeds (named McSEX) and its polypeptide/protein derived fractions, termed McSEX90%/80°C, McSEX30-10, and McSEX10-2, inhibited the C. elegans motility with an IC50 of 15.18, 12.59, 9.74 and 1.34 μg mL-1.The McSEX10-2 fraction, which encompassed the polypeptides with the molecular mass varying from 10 kDa to 2 kDa, was the most effective. In addition, McSEX10-2 altered the ultrastructure and the mechanical properties of the C. elegans cuticle. McSEX10-2, in particular, can be used as a model to bioinspire structure-based design of new peptides that could control, alone or in combination with other drugs, economically important parasitic nematodes. drugs polypeptidesproteins proteins buffer 70 7 0 7.0 015 15 0.1 1 1. MgSO4 MgSO C assessed Moreover AFM (AFM McSEX102 McSEX McSEX10 McSEX10- animals animal s cuticle . (cuticle) SEX (SEX named polypeptideprotein protein fractions McSEX9080C McSEXC McSEX90 80 McSEX90%/80°C McSEX3010, McSEX3010 McSEX30 10, McSEX30-10 McSEX102, 2, IC IC5 1518 18 15.18 1259 12 59 12.59 974 9 74 9.7 134 34 1.3 mL1.The mL1The mLThe mL 1.The effective addition particular structurebased structure based control nematodes 7. 01 0. McSEX1 (cuticle McSEX9 8 McSEX301 McSEX3 McSEX30-1 151 15.1 125 5 12.5 97 9. 13 3 mL1 1The McSEX30- 15. 12.

Abstract We investigated the Biogran on bone repair and metabolism at several time-intervals upon grafting into rat tibia artificial defects. The biomaterial was thoroughly characterized in vitro, and its dissolution behavior upon immersion was assessed in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days. Biogran was also assessed by in vitro hydroxyapatite formation in SBF solution, which is a marker for bioactive behavior. In vivo, distal and proximal bone defects were performed in the Wistar rat's right tibia and filled according to the experimental groups: I) negative control, no filling; II) positive control, 10 mg of autogenous bone; and III) 10 mg of Biogran. Animals were euthanized at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 10 weeks. Bone neoformation was analyzed using histomorphometry (proximal defect), and local levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) were measured using the ELISA assay (distal defect). In vitro, the Biogran sample showed a fast dissolution rate within the first 7 days, parallel to the formation of the hydroxyapatite layer. In vivo, the sample was progressively resorbed at a higher rate within the first month until it became almost absent at week 10th. The sample presented similar or higher bone neoformation concerning the autogenous bone. BMP-2 levels were sustained in the Biogran group (around 200 pg/mg) and detected until the last experimental time with a significant difference compared with the controls. Results suggest Biogran is a candidate for hard tissue engineering even in highly active bone remodeling sites. timeintervals intervals (SBF 1 3 14 days vivo rats s groups I control filling II III 4 weeks defect, defect , defect) BMP2 BMP (BMP-2 defect. . layer 10th th BMP- around 20 pg/mg pgmg pg controls sites (BMP- (BMP

Abstract With the increase of depressive pictures in the world population, researches seek to elucidate the main factors related to this disorder, such as its causes and possible treatments. This work aimed to research the depressive symptoms among students in the last semesters of the psychology course and its relationship with the reasons for living. Through social networks, participants received instructions to fill out, in the virtual environment, the Informed Consent Form, the sociodemographic questionnaire, the EBADEP-A-Reduced and the Brazilian Scale of Reasons for Living. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyzes were performed considering the variables of interest through the Student t test and ANOVA. To verify the relationship between the constructs, Pearson's correlation was used. The results showed mean and median much above the cutoff score stipulated for EBADEP-A-Reduced. Regarding the reasons for living with each other, although most represent weak correlations, professional achievement and enjoyment of life had the highest coefficient (r=0.55). The results showed no difference between genders (since the lowest p score found was 0.072). Regarding reasons for living as predictors of depressive symptoms, whose adjusted coefficient of determination (R 2 ) was 0.19, explaining 20% of the variance [F(7,85) = 3.93; p = 0.001)], the analyzes indicated that family support and professional fulfillment had statistically significant values as predictors of depressive symptoms.

Resumo Com o aumento dos quadros depressivos na população mundial, esquisas buscam elucidar os principais fatores ligados a esse transtorno, como suas causas e possíveis tratamentos. Este trabalho objetivou pesquisar a sintomatologia depressiva entre alunos dos últimos semestres do curso de psicologia e sua relação com os motivos para viver. Por meio das redes sociais os participantes receberam as instruções para preenchimento, no ambiente virtual, do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, do questionário sócio demográfico, da EBADEP-A-Reduzida e da Escala Brasileira de Motivos para Viver. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais considerando as variáveis de interesse por meio do testetde student e da ANOVA. Para verificar a relação entre os construtos, foi utilizada a correlação de Pearson. Os resultados mostraram média e mediana muito acima da nota de corte estipulada para a EBADEP-A-Reduzido. Referente aos motivos para viver entre si, ainda que a maioria represente correlações fracas, realização profissional e aproveitamento da vida apresentaram o maior coeficiente (r= 0,55). Os resultados não evidenciaram diferença entre os sexos (uma vez que o menor escore de p encontrado foi 0,072). Com relação aos motivos para viver como preditores dos sintomas depressivos, cujo coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R 2 ) foi de 0,19, explicando 20% da variância [(F(7,85) = 3,93; p = 0,001)], as análises indicaram que suporte familiar e realização profissional apresentaram valores estatisticamente significativos como preditores de sintomatologia depressiva.

ABSTRACT The present study related to boxing athletes' mental toughness and physical fitness performances with Big Five Factors. For this, the sample was composed of eleven recreational boxers who competed at the state level and were regularly training (technical and tactical) 4 times a week during the evaluation period. The 44-item Big Five Inventory (BFI) measures the Big Five dimensions of Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion and the 14-item Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) were applied with Strength, Power, and Endurance Tests, Pearson and Spearman's correlations were used to verify the association between BFI, physical and mental tests, respectively, p≤.05. Our results demonstrated that significant and strong correlation between agreeableness factor and sit-ups test, with 40.85±12.36 freq./min (r=.72, p=.02) and, in SMTQ, a strong correlation between Neuroticism and Control [10(9;12) score, r=.76, p≤0.01], Constancy [10(9;12) score, r=.84, p≤0.01] and Total SMQT [37(34;37) score, r=.84, p≤0.01]. In conclusion, these results suggest that Neuroticism factors are associated with mental toughness, while the agreeableness factor is related to muscular endurance capability. Mental toughness and endurance results are associated with boxers' personalities whose drive motivates them relentlessly towards success and promotes thriving in boxing training environments or during championships. athletes Factors this technical tactical period 44item item 44 BFI (BFI Conscientiousness Agreeableness Openness 14item 14 SMTQ (SMTQ Strength Power Tests Spearmans Spearman s tests respectively p05 p 05 p≤.05 situps sit ups test 40851236 40 85 12 36 40.85±12.3 freqmin freq min r=.72, r72 r 72 (r=.72 p=.02 p02 02 10912 10 9 [10(9;12 score r76 76 r=.76 p≤0.01, p001 p≤0.01 , 0 01 r84 84 r=.84 373437 37 34 [37(34;37 p≤0.01. . conclusion capability championships 1 p0 p≤.0 4085123 8 3 40.85±12. r=.72 r7 7 (r=.7 p=.0 1091 [10(9;1 r=.7 p00 p≤0.0 r8 r=.8 37343 [37(34;3 p≤. 408512 40.85±12 (r=. p=. 109 [10(9; r=. p≤0. 3734 [37(34; p≤ 40851 40.85±1 (r= p= [10(9 r= p≤0 373 [37(34 4085 40.85± (r [10( [37(3 408 40.85 [10 [37( 40.8 [1 [37 40. [ [3

RESUMO O presente estudo relacionou a resistência mental e o desempenho da aptidão física de atletas de boxe com os cinco grandes fatores. Para isso, compuseram o presente estudo onze boxeadores recreativos que competiram em nível estadual e estavam treinando regularmente (técnico e tático) 4 vezes por semana durante o período de avaliação. O Big Five Inventory (BFI) de 44 itens mede as dimensões de Conscienciosidade, Amabilidade, Neuroticismo, Abertura e Extroversão e o Questionário de Resistência Mental Esportiva (SMTQ) de 14 itens foram aplicados com Testes de Força, Potência e Resistência, Pearson e as correlações de Spearman foram utilizadas para verificar a associação entre IMC, testes físicos e mentais, respectivamente, p≤0.05. Nossos resultados demonstraram correlação significativa e forte entre o fator de amabilidade e o teste de abdominais, com 40,9±12,4 freq./min (r=0,72, p=0,02) e, no SMTQ, uma forte correlação entre Neuroticismo e Controle [10 (9;12) pontuação, r=0.76, p≤0,01], Constância [10(9;12) pontuação, r=0.84, p≤0,001] e total SMQT [37(34;37) pontuação, r= 0.84, p≤0,001]. Em conclusão, esses resultados sugerem que os fatores de neuroticismo estão associados à resistência mental, enquanto o fator de amabilidade está associado à capacidade de resistência muscular. Os resultados de resistência mental e resistência estão associados à personalidade dos boxeadores, cuja motivação os impulsiona implacavelmente para o sucesso e promove o sucesso em ambientes de treinamento de boxe ou durante campeonatos. isso técnico tático avaliação BFI (BFI Conscienciosidade Amabilidade SMTQ (SMTQ 1 Força IMC mentais respectivamente p005 p 0 05 p≤0.05 abdominais 409124 40 9 12 40,9±12, freqmin freq min r=0,72, r072 r 72 (r=0,72 p=0,02 p002 02 10 [1 912 (9;12 pontuação r076 76 r=0.76 p≤0,01, p001 p≤0,01 , 01 p≤0,01] 10912 [10(9;12 r084 84 r=0.84 p≤0,001 p0001 001 373437 37 34 [37(34;37 084 0.84 p≤0,001. . conclusão muscular campeonatos p00 p≤0.0 40912 40,9±12 r=0,72 r07 7 (r=0,7 p=0,0 [ 91 (9;1 r=0.7 p≤0,0 1091 [10(9;1 r08 8 r=0.8 p≤0,00 p000 00 37343 3 [37(34;3 08 0.8 p0 p≤0. 4091 40,9±1 r=0,7 r0 (r=0, p=0, (9; r=0. p≤0, 109 [10(9; 3734 [37(34; 0. p≤0 409 40,9± r=0, (r=0 p=0 (9 r=0 [10(9 373 [37(34 p≤ 40,9 (r= p= ( [10( [37(3 40, (r [37( [37 [3

Abstract Milk and its derivatives are rich in nutrients and widely consumed by the population. However, the presence of chemical residues is frequent in these products. This study aimed to carry out a diagnosis of the use of antibacterials and evaluate the knowledge about these drugs and behaviors adopted by dairy producers in Goiás, Brazil. A total of 286 dairy farms in 36 municipalities in the State were visited and interviews were conducted with the owner or auxiliary workforce. The questions addressed the production parameters of the property and the use of antibacterials. The answers were presented in percentages and graphs. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square test at a 5% significance level. Only 26.2% of the producers used antibacterials indicated by veterinarians and all producers (100%) disposed of milk with residues inappropriately. Tetracycline and penicillin were the most used among the 21 cited active principles. Enteritis (22.1%), cattle tick fever (21.1%), and mastitis (19.4%) were the main diseases treated with antibacterials. A total of 37.4% of respondents were unable to distinguish antibacterials from other drugs. Moreover, the more specialized the farm, the greater the veterinary assistance and the greater the care for antibacterial treatments. Most respondents (51.7%) had incomplete elementary education. These results provide important information about how rural producers in the State of Goiás use antibacterials and serve as a basis for future interventions. The need for greater access by producers to veterinary services in Goiás is evident to reduce the unnecessary and inappropriate use of antibacterials. population However products Brazil 28 3 workforce graphs Pearsons Pearson s chisquare chi square 5 level 262 26 2 26.2 100% 100 (100% inappropriately principles 22.1%, 221 22.1% , 22 1 (22.1%) 21.1%, 211 21.1% (21.1%) 19.4% 194 19 4 (19.4% 374 37 37.4 Moreover farm treatments 51.7% 517 51 7 (51.7% education interventions 26. 10 (100 22.1 (22.1% 21.1 (21.1% 19.4 (19.4 37. 51.7 (51.7 (10 22. (22.1 21. (21.1 19. (19. 51. (51. (1 (22. (21. (19 (51 ( (22 (21 (5 (2

Resumo O leite e seus derivados são ricos em nutrientes e largamente consumidos pela população. Contudo, a presença de resíduos de substâncias químicas é frequente nesses produtos. Esse estudo objetivou realizar um diagnóstico sobre o uso de antibacterianos, avaliar o conhecimento sobre esses fármacos e condutas adotadas por produtores de leite em Goiás, Brasil. Foram visitadas 286 propriedades leiteiras em 36 municípios do estado, onde foram realizadas entrevistas com o proprietário ou mão de obra auxiliar. As perguntas abordavam parâmetros produtivos da propriedade e uso de antibacterianos. As respostas foram apresentadas em porcentagem e gráficos. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson ao nível de significância de 5%. Apenas 26,2% dos produtores utilizavam antibacterianos indicados por veterinários e todos (100%) descartavam o leite com resíduos de forma inadequada. Dentre os 21 princípios ativos citados, os mais utilizados foram as tetraciclinas e penicilinas. As principais doenças tratadas com antibacterianos foram enterite (22,1%), tristeza parasitária bovina (21,1%) e mastite (19,4%). Observou-se que 37,4% dos entrevistados não souberam distinguir antibacterianos de outros medicamentos. Verificou-se que quanto mais especializada é a fazenda, maior é a assistência veterinária e maiores os cuidados para tratamentos com antibacterianos. A maioria dos entrevistados (51,7%) apresentava ensino fundamental incompleto. Esses resultados fornecem informações importantes sobre como os produtores rurais do estado de Goiás utilizam antibacterianos e servem como base para intervenções futuras. É evidente a necessidade de maior acesso dos produtores a serviços veterinários em Goiás, a fim de reduzir o uso desnecessário e inadequado de antibacterianos. população Contudo produtos Brasil 28 3 auxiliar gráficos quiquadrado qui quadrado 5 5% 262 26 2 26,2 100% 100 (100% inadequada citados penicilinas 22,1%, 221 22,1% , 22 1 (22,1%) 21,1% 211 (21,1% 19,4%. 194 19,4% . 19 4 (19,4%) Observouse Observou se 374 37 37,4 medicamentos Verificouse Verificou fazenda 51,7% 517 51 7 (51,7% incompleto futuras 26, 10 (100 22,1 (22,1% 21,1 (21,1 19,4 (19,4% 37, 51,7 (51,7 (10 22, (22,1 21, (21, 19, (19,4 51, (51, (1 (22, (21 (19, (51 ( (22 (2 (19 (5

Abstract This study evaluated the efficacy of incorporating different concentrations of bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate) into coconut oil on the remineralizing potential and surface roughness of white spot lesions. Fragments (6 x 6 x 2mm) of bovine teeth were sectioned and initial microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (Ra) readings were obtained. The samples were submitted to cariogenic challenge to form white spot lesions and were separated into six groups (n=13): 1) Artificial Saliva (AS); 2) Coconut Oil (CO); 3) CO+2% Biosilicate (CO+2%Bio); 4) CO+5% Biosilicate (CO+5%Bio); 5) 2% Biosilicate Suspension (2% Bio) and 6) 5% Biosilicate Suspension (5% Bio). The treatments for 1 cycle/day were: immersion into the treatments for 5 minutes, rinsing in distilled water, and storage in artificial saliva at 37ºC. After 14 days, KHN and Ra readings were taken. The surface roughness alteration ((Ra) was analyzed (Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn’s post-test, p<0.05). CO+2%Bio had higher (p = 0.0013) (Ra followed by CO+5%Bio (p = 0.0244) than AS. The relative KHN and remineralization potential were analyzed (ANOVA, Tukey, p<0.05), and 5% Bio treatment presented a higher relative microhardness than all other groups (p>0.05). The remineralizing potential of all the treatments was similar (p > .05). When Biosilicate was added, the pH of the suspensions increased and the alkaline pH remained during the analysis. Biosilicate suspension is more efficient than the incorporation of particles into coconut oil at white spot lesion treatment. In addition to the benefits that coconut oil and Biosilicate present separately, their association can enhance the remineralizing potential of Biosilicate. glassceramic glass ceramic (Biosilicate ( 2mm mm (KHN obtained n=13 n13 n 13 (n=13) AS (AS) 2 CO (CO) 3 CO2 CO+2 CO2Bio COBio (CO+2%Bio) 4 CO5 CO+5 CO5Bio (CO+5%Bio) (2 (5 Bio. . cycleday cycle day minutes water 37ºC ºC days taken ((Ra KruskalWallis, KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis, Wallis (Kruskal-Wallis Dunns Dunn s posttest, posttest post test, test post-test p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 p<0.05) 0.0013 00013 0013 0.0244 00244 0244 ANOVA, ANOVA (ANOVA Tukey p<0.05, , p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) .05. .05 .05) added analysis separately n=1 n1 (n=13 (AS (CO CO+ (CO+2%Bio (CO+5%Bio p00 p<0.0 0.001 0001 001 0.024 0024 024 p>0.0 (p>0.05 .0 n= (n=1 p0 p<0. 0.00 000 00 0.02 002 02 p>0. (p>0.0 (n= p<0 0.0 p>0 (p>0. (n p< 0. p> (p>0 (p>

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a eficácia da incorporação de diferentes concentrações de vitrocerâmica bioativa (biosilicato) ao óleo de coco no potencial remineralizante e na rugosidade superficial de lesões de manchas brancas. Fragmentos (6 x 6 x 2mm) de dentes bovinos foram seccionados e as leituras iniciais de microdureza (KHN) e rugosidade superficial (Ra) foram obtidas. As amostras foram submetidas ao desafio cariogênico para formação de lesões de manchas brancas e foram separadas em seis grupos (n=13): 1) Saliva Artificial (AS); 2) Óleo de Coco (CO); 3) CO+2% Biosilicato (CO+2%Bio); 4) CO+5% Biosilicato (CO+5%Bio); 5) Suspensão de Biosilicato 2% (2% Bio) e 6) Suspensão de Biosilicato 5% (5% Bio). Os tratamentos de 1 ciclo/dia foram: imersão nos tratamentos por 5 minutos, enxágue em água destilada e armazenamento em saliva artificial a 37ºC. Após 14 dias, foram feitas as leituras de KHN e Ra. A alteração da rugosidade superficial ((Ra) foi analisada (Kruskal-Wallis, pós-teste de Dunn, p<0,05). CO+2%Bio apresentou maior (p = 0,0013) (Ra seguido de CO+5%Bio (p = 0,0244) do que AS. O KHN relativo e o potencial de remineralização foram analisados (ANOVA, Tukey, p<0,05), e o tratamento 5% Bio apresentou uma microdureza relativa maior do que todos os outros grupos (p>0,05). A suspensão de biosilicato é mais eficiente que a incorporação de partículas ao óleo de coco no tratamento de lesões de mancha branca. Além dos benefícios que o óleo de coco e o Biosilicato apresentam separadamente, sua associação pode amplificar o potencial remineralizante do Biosilicato. (biosilicato ( 2mm mm (KHN Ra obtidas n=13 n13 n 13 (n=13) AS (AS) 2 CO (CO) 3 CO2 CO+2 CO2Bio COBio (CO+2%Bio) 4 CO5 CO+5 CO5Bio (CO+5%Bio) (2 (5 Bio. . ciclodia ciclo dia minutos 37ºC ºC dias ((Ra KruskalWallis, KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis, Wallis (Kruskal-Wallis pósteste pós teste Dunn p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 0 05 p<0,05) 0,0013 00013 0013 0,0244 00244 0244 ANOVA, ANOVA (ANOVA Tukey p<0,05, , p>0,05. p>0,05 (p>0,05) branca separadamente n=1 n1 (n=13 (AS (CO CO+ (CO+2%Bio (CO+5%Bio p00 p<0,0 0,001 0001 001 0,024 0024 024 p>0,0 (p>0,05 n= (n=1 p0 p<0, 0,00 000 00 0,02 002 02 p>0, (p>0,0 (n= p<0 0,0 p>0 (p>0, (n p< 0, p> (p>0 (p>

ABSTRACT Background: Rapid molecular methods such as the line probe assay (LPA) and Xpert® MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) have been recommended by the World Health Organization for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) diagnosis. We conducted an interventional trial in DR-TB reference centers in Brazil to evaluate the impact of the use of LPA and Xpert. Methods: Patients with DR-TB were eligible if their drug susceptibility testing results were available to the treating physician at the time of consultation. The standard reference MGITTM 960 was compared with Xpert (arm 1) and LPA (arm 2). Effectiveness was considered as the start of the appropriate TB regimen that matched drug susceptibility testing (DST) and the proportions of culture conversion and favorable treatment outcomes after 6 months. Results: A higher rate of empirical treatment was observed with MGIT alone than with the Xpert assay (97.0% vs. 45.0%) and LPA (98.2% vs. 67.5%). Patients started appropriate TB treatment more quickly than those in the MGIT group (median 15.0 vs. 40.5 days; p<0.01) in arm 1. Compared to the MGIT group, culture conversion after 6 months was higher for Xpert in arm 1 (90.9% vs. 79.3%, p=0.39) and LPA in arm 2 (80.0% vs. 83.0%, p=0.81). Conclusions: In the Xpert arm, there was a significant reduction in days to the start of appropriate anti-TB treatment and a trend towards greater culture conversion in the sixth month.

Resumo A savana brasileira, também conhecida como Cerrado, é caracterizada por sua grande diversidade de fitofisionomias e detém a maior diversidade de espécies e nível de endemismo entre as savanas mundiais. Contudo, devido principalmente às atividades agropecuárias essa vasta vegetação está entre as mais degradadas, apresentando elevadas taxas de extinção. Entre as espécies atualmente presentes na “lista vermelha” encontra-se a endêmica Gymnopogon doellii, uma gramínea cuja distribuição é extremamente restrita a algumas poucas áreas. No Distrito Federal e arredores apenas uma população é conhecida, localizada dentro dos limites do Parque Nacional de Brasília. Neste estudo levantamos informações relevantes relacionadas a biologia dessa população de G. doellii, como sua área de distribuição, variabilidade genética e características de germinação. Mudas a partir de suas cariopses foram produzidas em casa de vegetação, plantadas em diferentes fisionomias do Cerrado, incluindo áreas degradadas, e suas taxas de sobrevivência e desempenho fisiológico acompanhados por quase quatro anos. A população apresenta baixa variabilidade genética. As mudas apresentaram altas taxas de sobrevivência (> 25%), padrões de crescimento similar aos indivíduos selvagens e produziram cariopses viáveis. Recomendamos o plantio de indivíduos de G. doellii tanto para sua conservação in situ como para recuperação de áreas degradadas do Cerrado.

Abstract The Brazilian savanna, regionally known as Cerrado, is characterized by a great diversity of physiognomies and holds the highest species diversity and level of endemism among world savannas. However, due mainly to agribusiness, this vegetation is among the most threatened ones, currently presenting alarming rates of extinction. Among the species present in the “red list” we find the endemic Gymnopogon doellii, a grass whose distribution is restricted to a few sites. In the Federal District and surroundings, for example, only one population, with scattered subpopulations, is known, within the limits of the Brasilia National Park. By this study we raised information related to the biology of G. doellii, as population size and distribution, genetic variability and germination characteristics. Besides, we produced seedlings in greenhouse, planted in different physiognomies of the Cerrado and followed them for almost four years to check for their survival, growth and fruiting under natural conditions. Seedlings transplanted to the field presented high rates of recruitment (> 25%), growth patterns similar to wild plants and produced viable caryopses. We recommend transplanting of individuals of G. doellii for both in situ conservation as well as for the revegetation of degraded areas of the Cerrado.

Abstract In this paper, we present an abductive argument for the existence of God from the experience of awe at natural beauty. If God’s creative work is a viable explanation for why we experience awe at natural beauty, and there is no satisfactory naturalistic explanation for the origins of such experiences, then we have defeasible evidence that God exists. To evaluate the argument's tenability, we assess the merits of the two main naturalistic frameworks that can be marshaled to answer the question of why human beings experience awe at natural beauty, Wilson's biophilia hypothesis, and Keltner and Haidt's prototype approach to awe. We show shortcomings of both accounts in explaining the relevant experiences and argue that the reliance of these accounts on an adaptationist reading of our aesthetic appreciation of nature entails a commitment to questionable hidden premises: that affordances themselves can figure in the subject's perceptual experience, and that experiences of awe have adaptive value. We maintain that the argument's “empirical” premise is tenable and conclude with directions for future research regarding the argument's “theological” premise.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between birth weight and excess weight among students aged 6–14 years, adjusted for life course confounding factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 6–14-year-old schoolchildren in 2010; 795 school children from two public schools. In addition, a sub-sample was selected using a case-cohort study approach. Sociodemographic, breastfeeding, food introduction, previous weight gain, family history, current clinical and behavioral variables as well as maternal variables related to pregnancy, were collected. Multivariable weighted logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between birth weight and overweight. All prevalent cases of overweight (n = 160) were selected to compose the case group and a random sub-sample of all students participating in the study (n = 276 students, of whom 88 were cases) were the control group. Results: An unadjusted 6% increase in the excess weight prevalence ratio (p-value = 0.004) was found for each 100 g increase in birth weight. With adjustment for age, sex and behavioral variables (models 1 and 2), the association of birth weight with excess weight was positive and statistically significant, but it was no longer significant in the final model (model 3) when clinical variables were considered. Conclusions: Although some of the secondary associations were statistically significant, we could not identify a significant association between birthweight and excess weight in adolescents.