Pesquisa | SciELO

Resumo As áreas de reserva legal (ARLs) são parte fundamental da estratégia brasileira de conservação, juntamente com as áreas de preservação permanente. As ARLs são destinadas à manutenção da biodiversidade e podem ser manejadas de forma sustentável. Quando essas áreas abrigam ecossistemas dependentes de fogo e pastejo, como os campos nativos e as savanas, devem ser adotadas práticas de manejo adequadas à sua conservação e ao enfrentamento dos efeitos das mudanças climáticas globais. No entanto, esse assunto ainda é pouco discutido no Brasil, e as políticas públicas não são claras a esse respeito. Este artigo de revisão descreve os ecossistemas campestres e savânicos no Brasil, os aspectos legais relacionados com o manejo das ARLs, os cenários climáticos atuais e futuros, e a relação entre clima e risco de incêndios. Também apresenta uma revisão sobre o uso do fogo e do pastejo em ecossistemas campestres e savânicos, os desafios legais relativos à sua aplicação nas ARLs e o uso de geotecnologias no monitoramento destas práticas. Conclui-se que o pastejo e o fogo, como instrumentos de manejo, são adequados às funções das ARLs, desde que praticados segundo normas legais e cientificamente embasadas para evitar os efeitos negativos do seu uso equivocado. (ARLs permanente sustentável savanas globais entanto Brasil respeito futuros incêndios Concluise Conclui se equivocado

Abstract Legal reserve areas (LRAs) are a fundamental part of the Brazilian conservation strategy, together with permanent preservation areas. The LRAs are intended to maintain biodiversity and can be managed sustainably. When these areas are home to ecosystems that depend on fire and grazing, such as native grasslands and savannas, management practices that are suitable for their conservation and for dealing with the effects of global climate change should be adopted. However, this subject is still poorly discussed in Brazil, and public policies are not clear on this matter. This review article describes the grassland and savanna ecosystems in Brazil, the legal aspects related to the management of LRAs, the current and future climate scenarios, and the relationship between climate and fire risk. It also presents a review about the use of fire and grazing in grassland and savanna ecosystems, the legal challenges related to their application in LRAs, and the use of geotechnologies to monitor these practices. The conclusion is that grazing and fire, as management tools, are adequate for LRA functions, as long as they are practiced in accordance with legal and scientifically based standards to avoid the negative effects of their incorrect use. (LRAs strategy sustainably savannas adopted However Brazil matter scenarios risk tools functions

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2024.v59.03491

Historical survey of research related to fire management and fauna conservation in the world and in Brazil
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Berlinck, Christian Niel

; Lima, Luanne Helena Augusto

; Carvalho Junior, Elildo Alves Ribeiro de

Biota Neotropica

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2021, Volume 21 Nº 3 elocation e20201144

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: O fogo é um fator ecológico que pode determinar os padrões de diversidade, estrutura e composição da biodiversidade. Assim, o fogo pode ser favorável ou prejudicial, dependendo de como, onde, quando e porquê ocorre. Os impactos do fogo na fauna variam de acordo com a ecologia das espécies e o regime de fogo. Levantamos a quantidade de artigos publicados no mundo e no Brasil para entender o esforço de pesquisa que relaciona fogo, fauna e mamíferos. Apenas 5% das publicações entre 1970 e 2019 com o assunto fogo tratam de fauna e 0,5% de mamíferos. Para o Brasil, obtivemos 7% dos artigos para fauna e 3% para mamíferos. O bioma brasileiro com mais artigos foi o Cerrado, seguido por Mata Atlântica, Amazônia, Pampa, Caatinga e Pantanal. Os países que se destacam como protagonistas em seus continentes, com maior número de publicações, são Estados Unidos da América e Austrália. O volume de pesquisas está relacionado aos investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento e à ocorrência de incêndios florestais. A regressão linear demonstra que os termos relacionados a incêndios florestais têm mais publicações do que os relacionados a queimas prescritas e há menos interesse em pesquisas relacionadas a fauna e a mamíferos. Diante disso, acreditamos ser necessário formar grupos de pesquisa nesses temas e intensificar os estudos relacionando ecologia do fogo e mamíferos. Ainda não existe um entendimento único sobre a influência do fogo na diversidade de animais e na estrutura da vegetação e, subsequentemente, nos recursos dos quais a vida selvagem depende. Consideramos que essas informações são essenciais para estabelecer políticas públicas de conservação mais eficientes.

Abstract: Fire is a key ecological factor affecting biodiversity structure and composition. Fires' effects on biodiversity can be beneficial or harmful depending on how, where, when, and why they occur. The impacts of fire on fauna vary according to species ecology and the fire regime. To understand the research effort relating fire, fauna, and mammals, we surveyed papers published in World and in Brazil. Only 5% of the publications between 1970 and 2019 with fire subject dealt with fauna and 0.5% with mammal. For Brazil, we obtained 7% of papers for fauna and 3% for mammal. The Brazilian Biome with more papers was Cerrado, followed by Atlantic Forest, Amazon, Pampas, Caatinga and Pantanal. The United States of America and Australia stand out as protagonists in their continents with the largest papers number. The volume of research is related to investment in Research and Development and to occurrence of fires. The slope of temporal trend shows the terms related to wildfire have more papers than prescribed burn and there is less interest in fauna and mammal research. It is necessary to form research groups with these themes as research lines and intensify research relating fire ecology and mammals. There is yet no unified understanding of how fire may influence animal diversity and how it influences the vegetative structure and subsequently the resources which wildlife rely on. We consider this information is essential to establish efficient conservation policies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-1144 352 downloads

Seroprevalence of rodent-borne viruses in Afro-descendent communities in Brazil
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Fernandes, Jorlan

; Coelho, Thayssa Alves

; Oliveira, Renata Carvalho de

; Guedes, Livia Stefânia Alves Lima

; Teixeira, Bernardo Rodrigues

; Guterres, Alexandro

; Niel, Christian

; Levis, Silvana C.

; Lago, Barbara Vieira

; Motta-Castro, Ana Rita Coimbra

; Lemos, Elba Regina Sampaio de

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2019, Volume 61 elocation e66

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT During the Brazilian slavery period, many African migrants were brought to the American continent. Historically, some of these migrants escaped from the Brazilian gold mines and farms to which they had been brought and settled in remote valleys and this was the main mode of resistance to the slavery system. These runaway-slave descendant communities are called quilombos, a group with distinct ethnic identity, specific behavioral habits, including geographic isolation and conservative practices. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of rodent-borne viruses in two Afro-descendent communities from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Midwestern Brazil. A total of 319 individuals from rural and urban quilombola communities were enrolled. Twelve (3.76%) had anti-rodent-borne virus IgG antibodies. Seven (2.19%) were anti-mammarenavirus reactive and nine (2.82%) had anti-orthohantavirus antibodies. The literature includes limited data on the health status of quilombola communities, but all the studies emphasize the disparity of attention of local healthcare personnel to these communities compared to the general population. The findings of this study highlight the vulnerability and the precarious health conditions of quilombola groups, especially those living in rural areas and thus, point to the need of preventive measures to improve access to healthcare for this ethnic group.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201961066 414 downloads

Novel variants of human herpesvirus 2 from Brazilian HIV-1 coinfected subjects
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Lima, Lyana Rodrigues Pinto

; Araújo, Nathália Alves de

; Guterres, Alexandro

; Pilotto, José Henrique

; Niel, Christian

; Paula, Vanessa Salete de

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2018, Volume 113 Nº 12 elocation e180328

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Human herpesvirus 2 (HHV-2) have DNA genome with a limited genetic variability and have been classified into two clades. OBJECTIVES To identify and characterise six HHV-2 isolates derived from Brazilian women. METHODS HHV-2 isolates were performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of 2250 pb of the glycoprotein B (gB) coding regions. FINDINGS Four HHV-2 isolates were classified into clade B, while the remaining two, derived from HIV-1 co-infected women, showed a notable genetic divergence (> 1%). MAIN CONCLUSION The results reveal novel HHV-2 variants. The impact of these novel variants on HHV-2 pathogenesis and HIV/HHV-2 coinfection need to be investigated.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760180328 713 downloads

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus in a group of patients newly diagnosed with active tuberculosis in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil
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Costi, Cintia

; Grandi, Tarciana

; Halon, Maria Laura

; Silva, Márcia Susana Nunes

; Silva, Cláudia Maria Dornelles da

; Gregianini, Tatiana Schäffer

; Possuelo, Lia Gonçalves

; Jarczewski, Carla Adriane

; Niel, Christian

; Rossetti, Maria Lucia Rosa

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Abr 2017, Volume 112 Nº 4 Páginas 255 - 259

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Porto Alegre is the Brazilian state capital with second highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and the highest proportion of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among patients with TB. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increases the risk of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity, which may result in discontinuation of the therapy. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was (i) to estimate prevalence of HCV and HIV in a group of patients newly diagnosed with active TB in a public reference hospital in Porto Alegre and (ii) to compare demographic, behavioural, and clinical characteristics of patients in relation to their HCV infection status. METHODS One hundred and thirty-eight patients with TB were tested for anti-HCV antibody, HCV RNA, and anti-HIV1/2 antibody markers. HCV RNA from real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive samples was submitted to reverse transcription and PCR amplification. The 5′ non-coding region of the HCV genome was sequenced, and genotypes of HCV isolates were determined. FINDINGS Anti-HCV antibody, HCV RNA, and anti-HIV antibodies were detected in 27 [20%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 13-26%], 17 (12%; 95% CI, 7-18%), and 34 (25%; 95% CI, 17-32%) patients, respectively. HCV isolates belonged to genotypes 1 (n = 12) and 3 (n = 4). Some characteristics were significantly more frequent in patients infected with HCV. Among them, non-white individuals, alcoholics, users of illicit drugs, imprisoned individuals, and those with history of previous TB episode were more commonly infected with HCV (p < 0.05). MAIN CONCLUSIONS HCV screening, including detection of anti-HCV antibody and HCV RNA, will be important to improving the management of co-infected patients, given their increased risk of developing TB treatment-related hepatotoxicity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760160352 1401 downloads

Tumour necrosis factor -308 and -238 promoter polymorphisms are predictors of a null virological response in the treatment of Brazilian hepatitis C patients
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Grandi, Tarciana

; Silva, Cláudia Maria Dornelles da

; Amaral, Karine Medeiros

; Picon, Paulo Dornelles

; Costi, Cintia

; Fré, Nicole Nascimento da

; Fiegenbaum, Marilu

; Gregianini, Tatiana Schäffer

; Niel, Christian

; Rossetti, Maria Lucia Rosa

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Jun 2014, Volume 109 Nº 3 Páginas 345 - 351

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Certain host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect the likelihood of a sustained virological response (SVR) to treatment in subjects infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). SNPs in the promoters of interleukin (IL)-10 (-1082 A/G, rs1800896), myxovirus resistance protein 1 (-123 C/A, rs17000900 and -88 G/T, rs2071430) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) (-308 G/A, rs1800629 and -238 G/A, rs361525) genes and the outcome of PEGylated α-interferon plus ribavirin therapy were investigated. This analysis was performed in 114 Brazilian, HCV genotype 1-infected patients who had a SVR and in 85 non-responders and 64 relapsers. A significantly increased risk of having a null virological response was observed in patients carrying at least one A allele at positions -308 [odds ratios (OR) = 2.58, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.44-4.63, p = 0.001] or -238 (OR = 7.33, 95% CI = 3.59-14.93, p < 0.001) in the TNF promoter. The risk of relapsing was also elevated (-308: OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.51-5.44, p = 0.001; -238: OR = 4.20, 95% CI = 1.93-9.10, p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression of TNF diplotypes showed that patients with at least two copies of the A allele had an even higher risk of having a null virological response (OR = 16.43, 95% CI = 5.70-47.34, p < 0.001) or relapsing (OR = 6.71, 95% CI = 2.18-20.66, p = 0.001). No statistically significant association was found between the other SNPs under study and anti-HCV therapy response.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276130372 1541 downloads

Response to treatment in Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis C is associated with a single-nucleotide polymorphism near the interleukin-28B gene
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Grandi, Tarciana

; Silva, Cláudia Maria Dornelles da

; Amaral, Karine Medeiros

; Picon, Paulo Dornelles

; Costi, Cintia

; Fré, Nicole Nascimento da

; Fiegenbaum, Marilu

; Niel, Christian

; Rossetti, Maria Lucia Rosa

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Fev 2013, Volume 108 Nº 1 Páginas 48 - 53

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) upstream of interleukin (IL)28B was recently identified as an important predictor of the outcome of chronic hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the IL28B gene polymorphism (rs12979860) and virological response in chronic hepatitis C patients. Brazilian patients (n = 263) who were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 and were receiving PEG-IFN/RBV were genotyped. Early virological response (EVR) (12 weeks), end-of-treatment response (EOTR) (48 weeks), sustained virological response (SVR) (72 weeks) and relapse were evaluated using conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The frequency of the C allele in the population was 39%. Overall, 43% of patients experienced SVR. The IL28B CC genotype was significantly associated with higher treatment response rates and a lower relapse rate compared to the other genotypes [84% vs. 58% EVR, 92% vs. 63% EOTR, 76% vs. 38% SVR and 17% vs. 40% relapse rate in CC vs. other genotypes (CT and TT), respectively]. Thus, the IL28B genotype appears to be a strong predictor of SVR following PEG-IFN/RBV therapy in treatment-naïve Brazilian patients infected with HCV genotype 1. This study, together with similar research examining other SNPs, should help to define adequate protocols for the treatment of patients infected with HCV genotype 1, especially those with a poor prognosis.

3061 downloads Citado 1 vez em SciELO

The high prevalence of Torque teno virus DNA in blood donors and haemodialysis patients in southern Brazil
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Massaú, Aline

; Martins, Cristiana

; Nachtigal, Gilca Costa

; Araújo, Anelise Bergmann

; Rossetti, Maria Lucia

; Niel, Christian

; Silva, Cláudia Maria Dornelles da

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Ago 2012, Volume 107 Nº 5 Páginas 684 - 686

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This study investigates the frequency of Torque teno virus (TTV) infection in 150 blood donors and 77 patients requiring haemodialysis in southern Brazil. Plasma samples were screened for TTV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalences of TTV among blood donors and patients requiring haemodialysis were 73.3% and 68.8%, respectively. The presence of TTV was correlated with age in the blood donors (p = 0.024). In haemodialysis patients, no association was found between TTV infection and the demographic parameters (age, sex and education), the duration of haemodialysis or a history of blood transfusion. This study is the first to evaluate the prevalence of TTV infection in Brazilian patients requiring haemodialysis.

2664 downloads Citado 1 vez em SciELO

High proportion of hepatitis C virus genotypes 1 and 3 in a large cohort of patients from Southern Brazil
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Silva, Cláudia Maria Dornelles da

; Costi, Cintia

; Krug, Luciano Percival

; Ramos, Ana Beatris

; Grandi, Tarciana

; Gandolfi, Vitório Luiz

; Menezes, Maria Elizabeth

; Ocampos, Maristela

; Niel, Christian

; Rossetti, Maria Lucia Rosa

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Nov 2007, Volume 102 Nº 7 Páginas 867 - 870

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolates have been divided into six genotypes (1 to 6). The duration of hepatitis C standard treatment is 48 weeks for patients infected with HCV genotype 1 vs 24 weeks for those infected with genotypes 2 and 3. A total of 1544 HCV isolates from chronic patients living in the southern Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS, n = 627) and Santa Catarina (SC, n = 917) were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. In RS, 338 (53.9%; 95% CI 50.0 - 57.8%), 34 (5.4%; 95% CI 3.8 - 7.4%) and, 255 (40.7%; 95% CI 36.9 - 44.6%) samples were from genotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In SC, 468 (51%; 95% CI 47.8 - 54.2%), 26 (2.9%; 95% CI 1.9 - 4.1%) and, 423 (46.1%; 95% CI 42.9 - 49.3%) samples were from genotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Genotyping results were confirmed by direct nucleotide sequencing of PCR products derived from 68 samples, without any discrepancy between PCR-RFLP and nucleotide sequencing methods. In conclusion, almost half of the hepatitis C patients from South of Brazil are infected by genotypes 2 and 3 and, these results have important consequential therapeutic implications as they can be treated for only 24 weeks, not 48.

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Patterns of hepatitis B virus infection in Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: high prevalence of occult infection and low frequency of lamivudine resistant mutations
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Sucupira, Michel VF

; Mello, Francisco CA

; Santos, Eneida A

; Niel, Christian

; Rolla, Valeria C

; Arabe, Juçara

; Gomes, Selma A

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Set 2006, Volume 101 Nº 6 Páginas 655 - 660

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) molecular profiles were determined for 44 patients who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and had antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), with and without other HBV serological markers. In this population, 70% of the patients were under lamivudine treatment as a component of antiretroviral therapy. HBV DNA was detected in 14 (32%) patients. Eight out of 12 (67%) HBsAg positive samples, 3/10 (30%) anti-HBc only samples, and 3/22 (14%) anti-HBs positive samples were HBV DNA positive. HBV DNA loads, measured by real time polymerase chain reaction, were much higher in the HBsAg positive patients (mean, 2.5 × 10(9) copies/ml) than in the negative ones (HBV occult infection; mean, 2.7 × 10(5) copies/ml). Nine out of the 14 HBV DNA positive patients were under lamivudine treatment. Lamivudine resistant mutations in the polymerase gene were detected in only three patients, all of them belonging to the subgroup of five HBsAg positive, HBV DNA positive patients. A low mean HBV load (2.7 × 10(5) copies/ml) and an absence of lamivudine resistant mutations were observed among the cases of HBV occult infection.

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Genomic characterization of a Brazilian TT Virus isolate closely related to SEN virus-F
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Diniz-Mendes, Leonardo

; Devalle, Sylvie

; Niel, Christian

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Mai 2004, Volume 99 Nº 3 Páginas 301 - 306

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

SEN virus (SENV) is a circular, single stranded DNA virus that has been first characterized in the serum of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patient. Eight genotypes of SENV (A-H) have been identified and further recognized as variants of TT virus (TTV) in the family Circoviridae. Here we describe the first genomic characterization of a SENV isolate (5-A) from South America. Using 'universal' primers, able to amplify most, if not all, TTV/SENV genotypes, a segment of > 3 kb was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from the serum of an HIV-1 infected patient. The amplicon was cloned and a 3087-nucleotide sequence was determined, that showed a high (85%) homology with the sequence of the Italian isolate SENV-F. Proteins encoded by open reading frames (ORFs) 1 to 4 consisted of 758, 129, 276, and 267 amino acids, respectively. By phylogenetic analysis, isolate 5-A was classified into TTV genotype 19 (phylogenetic group 3), together with SENV-F and TTV isolate SAa-38.

2004 downloads Citado 3 vezes em SciELO

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