RESUMO Atividades de exploração insustentáveis (UEAs), combinadas com os crescentes impactos das mudanças climáticas globais são as principais causas que levam à erosão do solo no centro-norte do Vietnã. As áreas montanhosas no centro-norte do Vietnã geralmente têm encostas íngremes e argila arenosa na camada superficial do solo, o que contribui para aumentar a erosão do solo, resultando em uma séria perda de vidas e propriedades. Este estudo investiga a mudança de cobertura da terra (LCC) em todo o distrito de Thanh Chuong combinando dados da técnica de sensoriamento remoto (RST) com o Sistema de Informação Geográfica (GIS) e, além disso, estabelecendo mapas de risco de erosão com base na simulação do modelo RUSLE. Para atingir estes objetivos, foram adquiridas imagens dos satélites Sentinel e Landsat do período 2010-2021. Verificou-se que a área florestal diminuiu gradualmente de 2010-2021, e a perda média anual de solo foi de aproximadamente 25 t por ano. A quantidade de erosão que levou a uma perda de solo de até 18% da área total da terra está relacionada às condições climáticas, características do terreno e textura do solo. Espera-se que o declínio da cobertura vegetal seja a principal causa das tendências crescentes de erosão e perda de solo. UEAs, UEAs , (UEAs) centronorte centro norte propriedades LCC (LCC RST (RST GIS (GIS disso RUSLE objetivos 20102021. 20102021 2010 2021. 2021 2010-2021 Verificouse Verificou se 20102021, 2021, 2 ano 18 Esperase Espera (UEAs 2010202 201 202 2010-202 1 201020 20 2010-20 20102 2010-2 2010-

ABSTRACT Unsustainable exploitation activities (UEAs), combined with the increasing impacts of global climate change are the key causes that lead to soil erosion in the North-Central Vietnam. Mountainous areas in the North-Central Vietnam commonly have steep slopes and sandy clay in the surface soil layer, which contribute to enhancing the soil erosion, resulting in a serious loss of life and property. This study investigates the land cover change (LCC) across the Thanh Chuong district by combining Remote Sensing Technique (RST) data with Geographic Information System (GIS) and further, establishing erosion risk hazard maps based on the RUSLE model simulation. To achieve these objectives, Sentinel and Landsat satellite images from the period 2010_2021 were acquired. It was verified that the forest area gradually decreased from 2010_2021, and the average annual soil loss was approximately 25 t per year. The amount of erosion that led to a soil loss of up to 18% of the total land area is related to weather conditions, terrain features, and the soil texture. The decline in the vegetation cover is expected to be the main cause of increasing trends in erosion and soil loss. UEAs, UEAs , (UEAs) NorthCentral North Central layer property LCC (LCC RST (RST GIS (GIS further simulation objectives 20102021 2010 2021 2010_202 acquired 2 year 18 conditions features texture (UEAs 2010202 201 202 2010_20 1 201020 20 2010_2 20102 2010_

Abstract: Novel biomarkers for screening, diagnosis and monitoring the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), one of the most common cancers in Vietnam, are urgently required. Increasing evidence suggests that microRNA-141 (miR-141) is associated with NPC, owing to its ability to affect the expression of genes that modulate tumorigenesis. Unfortunately, research on miR-141 expression in Vietnamese patients is limited. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate miR-141 expression and assess whether miR-141 might be a potential biomarker for diagnosis of NPC in Vietnamese patients. Total RNA isolated from 40 NPC biopsy samples and 37 non-cancerous samples was analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. The miR-141 expression levels were compared between NPC biopsy and non-cancerous samples. The frequency of miR-141 detection was 37.50% and 10.80% in the NPC and non-cancerous samples, respectively (p = 0.0143). The miR-141 expression was 5.27 times higher in tumor samples than non-cancerous samples. Additionally, the RR (Relative risk) and OR (Odds ratio) were 1.83 (95%CI = 1.2576–2.6675, p = 0.0016) and 4.95 (95%CI = 1.4625–16.7541, p = 0.01), respectively. In conclusion, miR-141 was up-regulated in the biopsy samples and thus may be a potential biomarker for NPC in the Vietnamese population.