Resumen. Introducción: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal para evaluar la estructura factorial de la traducción al español y adaptación del Inventario de Flexibilidad Cognitiva (Cognitive Flexibility Inventory CFI) en una muestra de adultos colombianos. Método: La muestra del estudio fue de n = 968. La edad de los participantes osciló entre los 18 y 52 años (Medad=22.81, SD=4.42). Se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos, además del análisis factorial confirmatorio y el cálculo de Alpha de Cronbach. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la consistencia interna para la escala global fue alta (α=.89). Asimismo, los coeficientes del factor Alternativas y del factor Control fueron similares (α=.90, IC del 95%=.89-.90 y α=.83, IC del 95%=.81-.85, respectivamente). Una estructura de dos factores presentó un buen ajuste de los datos, de acuerdo con los valores de los criterios de selección del modelo. Este modelo sugirió la existencia de dos factores, con elementos correlacionados dentro de estos (Item19 Item20 e Item8 Item10). Conclusiones: En general, los resultados sugieren que el inventario CFI muestra una fiabilidad adecuada, tanto para la escala general como para las subescalas y validez de constructo en la muestra colombiana, permitiendo su uso en posibles contextos como el clínico o la investigación.

Abstract. Introduction: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the factor structure of Spanish translation and adaptation of the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) in a sample of Colombian adults. Method: The sample of the study was n = 968. Respondents were aged between 18 and 52 years old (Mage=22.81, SD=4.42). Descriptive analyses, confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach’s Alpha calculation were carried out. Results: Internal consistency for the global scale was high (α=.89). Likewise, the coefficients of the Alternative factor and the Control factor were similar (α=.90, 95% CI=.89-.90 and α=.83, 95% CI=.81-.85, respectively). A two-factor structure performed best according to the results of model selection criteria. This model suggested the existence of two correlated factors, with correlated items within factors (Item19 Item20 and Item8 Item10). Conclusions: Overall, the results suggest that the CFI scale exhibits construct validity and adequate reliability, both for the general scale and the subscales in the Colombian sample, enabling their use in contexts such as clinical or research.

Resumen La memoria semántica (SM) es un tipo de memoria a largo plazo asociada con el almacenamiento de información general sobre el mundo. Aquí evaluamos las características de la batería SM, desarrollada por Catricalà et al. (2013), en una muestra de niños colombianos. Esta batería fue concebida originalmente para evaluar adultos, y presenta seis subpruebas que evalúan SM en diferentes modalidades, utilizando un conjunto común de 48 estímulos en las categorías de vida y no vida. El diseño del presente estudio es de tipo transversal y exploratorio. La muestra estaba compuesta por 111 niños, 57 niños (51%) y 54 niñas (49%), que tenían 6 (n = 68) y 7 (n = 43 ) años y no tenían discapacidad intelectual. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión lineal robustos y redes de correlación. Encontramos un efecto de la edad en la inteligencia general después de corregir por género, y no hubo diferencias en las seis puntuaciones de la subprueba después de realizar correcciones por género y edad. Además, se encontró que la edad se asociaba positivamente con el nombramiento de fotografías en color (β = .75, p = .039), nombrando en respuesta a una descripción oral (β = 1.81, p = .039), clasificación de imágenes en cuatro niveles (β = 7.22, p = .029) y verificación de oraciones (β = 26.66, p = .01). Además, hubo diferencias entre los resultados obtenidos en adultos en el estudio original y en los niños de nuestro estudio. Este estudio exploratorio respalda la viabilidad de la traducción al español de Catricalà et al. (2013) batería para evaluar SM en niños con una condición no clínica. Se necesitan estudios futuros para evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de esta batería SM, y para corroborar y expandir nuestros hallazgos en una muestra más grande de niños control, y en niños con algún grado de discapacidad intelectual o que padecen algunas condiciones neurodegenerativas o psiquiátricas.

Abstract. Semantic memory (SM) is a type of long-term memory associated with the storage of general information about the world. Here we assessed the characteristics of the SM battery, developed by Catricalà et al. (2013), in a sample of Colombian children. This battery was originally conceived to evaluate adults, and features six subtests that assess SM in different modalities, using a common set of 48 stimuli in both living and nonliving categories. The design of the current study is of a cross-sectional and exploratory type. The sample was composed of 111 children, 57 boys (51%) and 54 girls (49%), who were 6 (n = 68) and 7 (n = 43) years old and had no intellectual disability. Robust linear regression models and correlation networks were used. We found an effect of age on general intelligence after correcting for gender, and no differences on the six subtest scores after corrections for gender and age were performed. Furthermore, age was found to be positively associated with the naming of colored photographs (β = .75, p = .039), naming in response to an oral description (β = 1.81, p = .039), picture sorting at four levels (β = 7.22, p = .029), and sentence verification (β = 26.66, p = .01). In addition, there were differences between the results obtained in adults in the original study and in the children of our study. This exploratory study supports the feasibility of the Spanish translation of the Catricalà et al. (2013) battery to assess SM in children with a nonclinical condition. Future studies are needed to evaluate the psychometric properties of this SM battery, and to corroborate and expand our findings in a larger sample of control children, and in children with some degree of intellectual disability or suffering of some neurodegenerative or psychiatric conditions.

ABSTRACT Introduction: An epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of devastating consequences has been taking place in El Salvador over the last few decades. In a significant portion of affected subjects, no other common cause of chronic kidney disease is present, such as diabetes and hypertension. This illness is usually called Chronic Kidney Disease from Non-Traditional Causes (CKDnT). Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of exposure to agrochemicals in affected populations, particularly in rural areas. In addition to sustained exposure to agrochemicals, the other leading hypothesis to explain this epidemic is prolonged exposure to high temperatures and dehydration in a context of exhausting agricultural work. Objectives: To assess the possible causal effect of exposure to agrochemicals in the emergence of the CKD epidemic in the adult population of El Salvador. Methods: We conducted a case-control analysis based on the 2015 survey of Chronic Diseases in Adults in El Salvador, a national probabilistic sample that covered 4,817 adults ≥20 years old. Those suffering from CKD were considered cases; the rest were managed as controls. Self-reported agrochemical exposures, other risk factors and health conditions were recorded. For binary exposures, the odds ratio (OR) of CKD and CKDnT was estimated. For variables measuring length of exposure, the average values for cases and for controls were compared. In all cases, the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between exposure to agrochemicals and CKD while controlling for potential confounding variables. Results: Regardless of how past exposure to agrochemicals was characterized (e.g., contact with paraquat or aerial fumigation) the OR of both CKD and CKDnT was always greater than 1.0 (range, 1.36 to 3.75). Similarly, the average number of years of exposure was consistently higher for cases than for controls for all continuous variables examined (greater than 2 years in most cases). Conclusions: The results of this study are consistent with previous epidemiologic and toxicological evidence and support the hypothesis that exposure to agrochemicals may be causally implicated in the ongoing CKD epidemics in El Salvador.

RESUMEN Introducción: Durante las últimas décadas, una epidemia de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) de consecuencias devastadoras ha tenido lugar en El Salvador. Una parte importante de los sujetos afectados, no padece de una causa frecuente para padecer enfermedad renal crónica, tal como como diabetes e hipertensión. En tal caso, suele distinguirse la dolencia mediante el nombre de Enfermedad Renal Crónica de Causas no Tradicionales (ERCnT). Estudios previos muestran una alta prevalencia de exposición a agroquímicos en las poblaciones afectadas, particularmente en las zonas rurales. Además de la exposición sostenida a agroquímicos, la otra hipótesis principal para explicar esta epidemia es la exposición prolongada a altas temperaturas y deshidratación, en un contexto de trabajo agrícola agotador. Objetivos: Evaluar el posible efecto causal de la exposición a agroquímicos en la irrupción de la epidemia de ERC en la población adulta de El Salvador. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, a partir de la Encuesta de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles en Adultos en El Salvador, basada en una muestra probabilística nacional que abarcó 4,817 adultos de 20 o más años de edad, concluida en 2015. Fueron considerados “casos” todos aquellos que padecían ERC; el resto dos restantes participantes se manejaron como controles. Se registraron las exposiciones a agroquímicos, así como a otros factores de riesgo y condiciones de salud según testimonio de los participantes. Para las exposiciones binarias, se estimó la razón de odds (OR) con respecto a padecer ERC y ERCnT. Para las variables que medían la duración de la exposición, se compararon los valores medios para casos y controles. En todos los casos, se calcularon los respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%. Se utilizó la regresión logística multivariada para examinar la asociación entre la exposición a agroquímicos y la ERC, controlando las posibles variables confusoras. Resultados: Independientemente de cómo fuera caracterizada la exposición pasada a agroquímicos (por ejemplo, contacto con paraquat o fumigación aérea), el OR de ERC y ERCnT siempre fue mayor que 1.0 (rango, 1.36 a 3.75). Del mismo modo, la media de años de exposición fue consistentemente más alta para los casos que para los controles, para todas las variables continuas examinadas (más de 2 años en la mayoría de los casos). Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio son consistentes con la evidencia epidemiológica y toxicológica previa y respaldan la hipótesis de que la exposición a agroquímicos puede estar causalmente implicada en la epidemia de ERC que se registra en El Salvador.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease has reached epidemic levels in several Central American countries since the early years of this century. In El Salvador, it is the second cause of death in men, the fifth in persons over 18 years old and the third cause of hospital deaths in the adult population. Its features, especially those of a subtype unassociated with traditional risk factors such as diabetes and high blood pressure, are only partially understood. OBJECTIVE Estimate the magnitude of chronic kidney disease in the adult population of El Salvador, considering both prevalence of the disease in its diverse forms as well as presence of potential risk factors nationally and in major subpopulations. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional analysis was conducted on data obtained from the Survey of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases in Adults in El Salvador, completed in 2015. The original data (interviews and measurements) were collected between October 2014 and March 2015 from 4817 adults employing a two-stage probabilistic cluster sample, with stratification of primary sampling units. Our analysis, using 20 of the 118 primary variables included in the original survey, focused on point estimation of prevalence rates and means, related to both traditional biological risk factors and nontraditional ones, such as insufficient hydration, strenuous working conditions and exposure to toxic agents. A separate analysis was performed to estimate prevalence of chronic kidney disease from nontraditional causes. Corresponding confidence intervals were calculated with proper weighting. RESULTS The general prevalence of chronic kidney disease in El Salvador was 12.8% (men 18.0%; women 8.7%). Of the chronically ill kidney patients, 13.1% were between 20 and 40 years of age. Among biological risk factors, the most frequent was high blood pressure (37.0%). Among nontraditional risk factors, high levels of sugary drink consumption (81.0%), insufficient hydration (65.9%) and high levels of exposure to agrochemicals in the work environment (12.6%) were also observed. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease from nontraditional causes was 3.9% (men 6.1%; women 2.2%). CONCLUSIONS Chronic kidney disease has reached epidemic proportions in El Salvador. The data confirm a health tragedy that, although especially striking older men, also takes a severe toll on young men and women. The results confirm findings of previous research in several Salvadoran agricultural communities. The relatively high level of population exposure to agrochemicals is important and alarming, especially in rural areas, meriting health-impact studies that include and go beyond possible impact on chronic kidney disease.

Resumen [18] Se presenta en detalle el desarrollo de la interpolación tridimensional para campos escalares, que consiste en generar información en cualquier punto del espacio, sobre alguna variable dependiente de las tres coordenadas cartesianas, en algún volumen definido. Esto a partir de un conjunto discreto de datos que representan el valor de la variable dependiente en puntos específicos del espacio. [19] Se desarrolla un método de interpolación tridimensional basado en obtener las coordenadas de todos los vecinos del punto de interés. Para luego asignar un peso relativo a cada uno de estos puntos, en función de la proximidad con el lugar donde se busca un nuevo valor de la variable dependiente. Este procedimiento se presenta en forma de diagrama de flujo, para que pueda ser desarrollado en cualquier lenguaje de programación. [20] El método propuesto es implementado en un código en software comercial y a la vez es validado al confrontar sus resultados con los que genera una función propia del software Matlab. Dicha función es detallada a profundidad para facilitar a cualquier usuario su utilización, estableciendo además las limitaciones y diferencias entre el uso de esta función y la implementación del método propuesto en un código computacional. [21] Se encuentra que el método propuesto es altamente confiable y que a su vez permite, eventualmente, adaptarse a condiciones donde la distribución de información en el espacio sea irregular o no se disponga de algún dato dentro de una matriz estructurada de mediciones.

Abstract [25] Development of three-dimensional interpolation for scalar fields, which consists of generating information from some three Cartesian coordinates dependent variable in any point of space, in a defined volume, is introduced. This is achieved from a discrete set of data representing the value of the dependent variable at specific points in space. [26] A three-dimensional interpolation method is created based in obtaining the coordinates of all the neighbors of the point of interest, and assigning a relative weight to each of these points, as a function of the proximity to the place where a new value of the dependent variable is looked for. This procedure is represented as a flowchart, so that it can be implemented in any computer language. [27] The proposed method is implemented in a commercial software and it is simultaneously validated with results of an embedded function of Matlab software. The above mentioned function is detailed in depth to guarantee ease of use, establishing as well, the limitations and differences between the use of this function and the implementation of the proposed method. [28] It is found that the proposed method is highly reliable and that it has the capability of eventually being adapted to conditions where the information distribution in the space is irregular or there is not data within a structured measurement matrix.

ABSTRACT: In this work nitrobenzene (NB) degradation was studied through an advanced oxidation process (AOP) by using a photochemical reactor and two kinds of oxidizing reagent: potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) and sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8), to promote generation of HO • radicals. It was determined the effect of different parameters on nitrobenzene degradation, such as: wavelength of UV lamps, concentration of oxidizing reagent, type of oxidizing reagent and number of UV lamps in the reactor. By using UV lamps with radiation wavelength of 254 nm, NB degradation reached almost 100 % meanwhile, irradiating at 350 nm resulted in < 35 % degradation. For experiments using UV lamps of 254 nm, the reaction rate increased with the radiant energy, being higher by using four UV lamps than two UV lamps for a reaction time of 60 min. The specific energy consumption for two UV lamps showed the lowest value being of 2626.0 KW.h/Kg of NB degraded.

RESUMEN: En este trabajo se estudió la degradación de nitrobenceno (NB) mediante un proceso de oxidación avanzada empleando un reactor fotoquímico y dos agentes oxidantes: per-sulfato de potasio (K2S2O8) y persulfato de sodio (Na2S2O8), con el objetivo de generar radicales HO • . Se determinó el efecto de diferentes parámetros en la degradación de nitrobenceno, tales como: longitud de onda de la lámparas UV, concentración del agente oxidante, tipo de agente oxidante y número de lámparas en el reactor. Con la lámpara de 254 nm se alcanzó una remoción de NB cercana al 100 % mientras que con la lámpara de 350 nm se obtuvo un porcentaje de degradación < 35 %. Para el caso de las lámparas de 254 nm se encontró que la tasa de degradación se incrementa con la energía radiante, es decir, aumenta al emplear cuatro lámparas respecto de utilizar dos para un tiempo de reacción de 60 min. Al considerar el consumo energético específico, con el arreglo de dos lámparas UV se tiene el menor valor, siendo de 2626.0 KW/h/kg de NB degradado.

We present a new geographical record of the giant metallic beetle, Euchroma gigantea (Buprestidae), in Córdoba, Sucre and Bolívar in the Caribbean Region of Colombia.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o momento considerado ideal pela equipe médica e pelo paciente para receber alta e relacioná-lo com possíveis critérios de alta médica. MÉTODOS: Foram submetidos à reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior sob condições semelhantes 31 pacientes avaliados prospectivamente sobre a possibilidade de alta médica com 24 e 48 horas de cirurgia e possíveis critérios de alta, como dor, arco de movimento e capacidade de contração do quadríceps, além do uso de uma escala validada para medir a independência funcional motora do paciente. RESULTADOS: A permanência hospitalar após 24 horas de cirurgia é preferida por 50% dos pacientes, enquanto que 6,3% preferem permanecer por mais de 48 horas após a cirurgia. A média do valor da escala visual analógica de dor foi de 2,63 e 1,76 pontos; e o arco de movimento de 79º e 86,7º após 24 e 48 horas, respectivamente. Todos os pacientes foram capazes de contrair o quadríceps em todos os momentos avaliados. CONCLUSÃO: No Brasil, critérios possíveis de alta, como avaliação da dor, do arco de movimento, do controle do quadríceps e da independência funcional motora, mostram que seria possível o paciente submetido à reconstrução artroscópica do LCA receber alta com 24 horas. Entretanto, 50% dos pacientes ainda preferem permanecer internados no hospital por período mais prolongado.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate a better moment by the medical team and patient to be discharged and relate to possible medical discharge criteria. METHODS: 31 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed patients under similar conditions prospectively evaluated about the possibility of discharge with 24 and 48 hours after surgery and possibles discharges criteria such as pain, range of motion and capacity quadriceps contraction, besides the use of a validated scale to measure the patient's functional independence. RESULTS: 50% and 6.4% of patients prefer remain hospitalized after 24 and 48 hours of surgery, respectively. The average of the visual analogue scale of pain was 2.63 and 1.76 points, and the range of motion of 79º and 86,7º after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. 100% of patients were able to quadriceps contraction in every evaluated moments. CONCLUSION: In Brazil, possible discharged criteria as pain, range of motion, quad contraction and motor independence motor function scale show that anterior cruciate reconstruction reconstructed patients could be discharged after 24 hours of surgery. However, 50% of patients still prefer to remain hospitalized for longer periods.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Esherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in hospitals of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To detect ESBL-production, 1 412 bacterial isolates obtained over a one year period (2008-2009) were analyzed using the double-disk synergy test, with and without clavulanic acid. RESULTS: Hospitalaryacquired ESBL-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae (31.8% and 35.3%) were isolated with higher prevalence that community-acquired isolates (14.4% and 0.0%) (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the presence of ESBL-producing bacteria in the three hospitals.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) en hospitales de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizaron 1 412 aislamientos obtenidos durante un año (2008-2009). La detección de productores de BLEE se realizó por el método de sinergia de doble disco con y sin ácido clavulánico. RESULTADOS: Se aislaron E.coli y K.pneumoniae productores de BLEE hospitalarios (31.8 y 35.3%) con mayor prevalencia que los comunitarios (14.4 y 0.0%) (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONES: Nuestro estudio demuestra la presencia de microorganismos productores de BLEE en los tres hospitales.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Esherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in hospitals of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To detect ESBL-production, 1 412 bacterial isolates obtained over a one year period (2008-2009) were analyzed using the double-disk synergy test, with and without clavulanic acid. RESULTS: Hospitalaryacquired ESBL-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae (31.8% and 35.3%) were isolated with higher prevalence that community-acquired isolates (14.4% and 0.0%) (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the presence of ESBL-producing bacteria in the three hospitals.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) en hospitales de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizaron 1 412 aislamientos obtenidos durante un año (2008-2009). La detección de productores de BLEE se realizó por el método de sinergia de doble disco con y sin ácido clavulánico. RESULTADOS: Se aislaron E.coli y K.pneumoniae productores de BLEE hospitalarios (31.8 y 35.3%) con mayor prevalencia que los comunitarios (14.4 y 0.0%) (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONES: Nuestro estudio demuestra la presencia de microorganismos productores de BLEE en los tres hospitales.

A clinical pathway aims to be an institutionalized instrument, where all the professionals of the service know at all times the activities and actions they have to carry out, the time this care activity lasts, and users and relatives know right from the start all the information on the care they will be given. In order to design a clinical pathway, a multidisciplinary working group was formed which drew up an instrument made up of: • A time chart detailing by day the activities of all the professionals involved in the clinical pathway, and specifying other important aspects such as complementary tests, diet and medication. • Variance sheet. Where both deviations from the pathway and the actions realized or their justification are detailed. • Information sheet for the patient and/or relative. It includes a series of illustrations that inform the patient of the most common evolution of the process. It is a simplified graphic version of the time chart so that it can be easily understood by the patient. • Patient and/or relative satisfaction survey. This is given to the patient so that he or she can give his or her opinion anonymously on the care received. It includes questions on the information received, care, catering aspects, etc. We have considered the entire team, and reassessed the pathway when we reached 10 patients, in order to make modifications or determine areas for improvement.

Una vía clínica pretende ser un instrumento institucionalizado, donde todos los profesionales del servicio sepan en todo momento todas las actividades y acciones que tienen que llevar a cabo el tiempo que dura esta actividad asistencial y los usuarios/familiares conozcan desde el primer momento toda la información de la asistencia que se les va a prestar. Con el fin de diseñar una vía clínica se formó un grupo de trabajo interdisciplinar que elaboró un instrumento compuesto por: • Una matriz temporal, donde se detallan por día las actividades de todos los profesionales implicados en la vía clínica, y se especifican otros aspectos importantes como son las pruebas complementarias, dieta y medicación. • Hoja de variaciones. Donde se detallan tanto las desviaciones de la vía como las acciones realizadas o su justificación. • Hoja de información al paciente y/o familiar. Incluye una serie de ilustraciones que informan al paciente sobre la evolución más frecuente del proceso. Es una versión gráfica simplificada de la matriz para una fácil comprensión del paciente. • Encuesta de satisfacción del paciente y/o familiar. Se entrega al paciente para que exprese de forma anónima su opinión sobre la atención y cuidados prestados. Engloba preguntas respecto a la información recibida, la atención, aspectos de hostelería, etcétera. Hemos considerado todo el equipo, como periodo de reevaluación de la misma cuando alcancemos los 10 pacientes, para poder realizar modificaciones o áreas de mejoras de la misma.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação entre o comprimento e largura do ligamento patelofemoral lateral (LPFL) e a largura da faceta articular patelar lateral (FAPL) em cadáveres. A instabilidade patelofemoral está intimamente relacionada com a morfologia patelar e com a tensão das estruturas retinaculares laterais. Estudos evidenciam que quanto mais larga a faceta patelar lateral e quanto mais tenso o retináculo lateral, maior a propensão do desenvolvimento de uma enfermidade na articulação patelofemoral. MÉTODOS: Foram dissecados 20 joelhos em 20 cadáveres. Identificamos as peças quanto ao gênero, idade, lado dissecado, comprimento e largura do LPFL e a largura da FAPL. Foi utilizado o nível de significância estatística de 5% (0,050) e a aplicação da análise de correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: O LPFL apresentou em média 16,05 milímetros de largura (desvio-padrão 2,48) e 42,10 milímetros de comprimento (desvio-padrão 8,84). A largura da FAPL variou de 23 a 37 milímetros (média 28,1). A relação entre a largura da FAPL e a largura do LPFL é estatisticamente não-significante (p=0,271), enquanto que a relação entre a largura FAPL e o comprimento do LPFL é estatisticamente significante (p=0,009). CONCLUSÃO: O comprimento do LPFL e a largura FAPL apresentam valores inversamente proporcionais.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study, with cadavers, is to evaluate the relationship between the width and length of the lateral patellofemoral ligament (LPFL) and the size of the lateral patellar articulate facet (LPAF). Patellofemoral instability is closely related to patellar morphology and the lateral retinacular layers. Studies evidence that the wider the lateral patellar facet and the more strained the lateral retinacule, the greater the tendency for development of pathology in the patellofemoral joint. METHODS: 20 knees were dissected in 20 cadavers. The parts were identified according to gender, age, dissected side, length and width of LPFL and width of LPAF. In order to carry out the statistical analysis we adopted the significance level of 5% (0.050) and also used Spearman's Coefficient of Rank Correlation. RESULTS: The LPFL presented a mean width of 16.05 millimeters (standard deviation 2.48) and 42.10 millimeters of length (standard deviation 8.84). The width of the LPAF varied from 23 to 37 millimeters (mean 28.1). It was observed that the relationship between the LPAF and LPFL widths is not statistically significant (p=0.271), whereas the relationship between the LPAF width and the LPFL length is statistically significant (p=0.009). CONCLUSION: The shorter the LPFL the greater the width of the LPAF.