Abstract Since 2010, there has been an approximate annual increase of 1% in CO2 emissions due to buildings. The reduction of energy consumption and consequently the mitigation of Greenhouse Gases are global goals due to the global issue of climate change. A key step in achieving these goals is to improve the energy performance of buildings, thereby reducing energy consumption and emissions generated by the built environment. In this regard, the present research focuses on identifying and estimating strategies to reduce energy consumption in buildings known as Community Police Units (UPCs) located in the city of Guayaquil, which corresponds to a very hot and humid climate zone. The study consists of statistical analysis of the historical energy performance of 43 buildings sharing the same architectural design. Additionally, the selection of a representative building was made for energy use monitoring and energy simulation. The results revealed a potential saving of 16 000 kWh per year by reducing the control temperature of the air conditioning system by 1°C and adjusting the on/off schedule. This is equivalent to 1 150 USD and 5 metric tons of CO2 emissions.

Resumen: Desde el 2010 existe un incremento aproximado del 1% anual respecto a las emisiones de CO2 a causa de los edificios. La disminución del consumo energético y consecuentemente la mitigación de los Gases de Efecto Invernadero son metas a nivel mundial debido a la problemática global del cambio climático. Un paso clave para alcanzar estas metas es mejorar el desempeño energético de las edificaciones y de esta manera reducir la energía consumida y las emisiones generadas por el parque edificado. En este sentido, la presente investigación se centra en identificación y estimación de estrategias para reducir el consumo de energía de los edificios llamados Unidades de Policía Comunitaria (UPC) localizadas en la ciudad de Guayaquil, y que corresponde a una zona climática húmeda muy calurosa. El estudio está compuesto por el análisis estadístico del rendimiento energético histórico de 43 edificios, que comparten el mismo diseño arquitectónico. Además, se realizó la selección de un edificio representativo para el monitoreo del uso de energía y simulación energética. Los resultados evidenciaron un potencial de ahorro de 16 000 kWh al año, al disminuir 1°C la temperatura de control del sistema de climatización y modificando el horario de encendido y apagado. Esto es equivalente a 1 150 USD y 5 toneladas equivalentes de CO2.

Abstract Objective. To characterize the geographic distribution of dengue and to evaluate the spatial autocorrelation with social and climatic determinants at the census-tract level in two medium sized cities in northwestern Mexico. Methods. In this work we apply spatial analysis ecological tools, such as the Moran’s Index and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) method, to examine global and local spatial correlation between incidence of dengue, with socioeconomic and climatic factors at the census tract-level. For the analysis of the spatial clustering, the Getis-Ord method was used to find statistically significant hot spots in each city. Results. Overall, a global spatial autocorrelation could not be identified, although local clusters of a high dengue incidence, soil surface temperature ≤ 31 °C and high degree of social marginalization coincide. Discussion. We found that at the census-tract level in urban settings, socially disadvantaged populations showed higher clusters of dengue when compared to areas with better socioeconomic conditions. A similar spatial pattern was observed in the two study sites, when considering public health conditions and its aggregation with physical attributes using spatial analysis techniques, supporting the application of this technique for a better understanding about the dengue distribution in urban areas.

Resumen Objetivo. Caracterizar la distribución geográfica de dengue confirmado y evaluar su autocorrelación espacial con determinantes sociales y climáticos a nivel de áreas pequeñas, en dos ciudades del noroeste de México. Métodos. En este trabajo se utilizan herramientas de análisis espacial, como el Índice de Moran y el método de Indicadores Locales de Asociación Espacial (LISA), para examinar la correlación espacial, global y local, entre la incidencia de dengue y factores climáticos y socioeconómicos a nivel de área geoestadística básica (AGEB). Para mapear áreas de alto riesgo, se usó el método de agrupamiento espacial de Getis-Ord. Resultados. En general, no identificamos una autocorrelación espacial global, aunque agrupamientos locales de una alta incidencia de dengue, temperatura de la superficie terrestre ≤31 °C y un alto grado de marginación social, coinciden. Discusión. Encontramos que a nivel de áreas pequeñas urbanas, poblaciones con desventaja social agrupan una mayor carga de dengue comparadas con áreas de mejores condiciones socioeconómicas. En los dos sitios de estudio, se encontraron patrones espaciales similares que correlacionaron problemas de salud y características físicas del medio ambiente utilizando os análisis espaciales, lo que soporta la utilidad de su uso sistemático para entender mejor la distribución urbana del dengue.

Abstract Introduction: a blood transfusion is a therapeutic procedure that involves the administration of blood or its derivatives, in order to correct hematological disorders, restore hemodynamic balance or improve tissue oxygenation. It is carried out under strict protocols in order to minimize the risks of adverse transfusion reactions, considered as an unwanted and unexpected response associated with blood transfusion. Methods: descriptive study of 13,925 patients in which 67 people presented a transfusion reaction between the years 2020 to 2022. A secondary source of information was used from which the demographic and clinical variables and patients reported with transfusion reactions were taken. The information was analyzed with absolute and relative frequencies and their 95% confidence interval. Results: during 2020-2022, 67 adverse reactions related to the transfusion of 53,418 blood components were reported. Allergic reactions were the most common 85.07% (95% CI 74.26-92.60). Regarding the severity of the reaction, most people had a mild reaction 63.64% (2020), 81.50% (2021), 79.30% (2022). The prevalence for the female sex was higher 63.64%, 59.3% and 62.1% and for the age of people between 18 to 59 years old 54.55%, 44.44% and 37.9% respectively. Conclusion: blood transfusion plays a crucial role in various clinical contexts. Worldwide, adverse events affect between 1% and 3% of transfused patients. In Colombia, they affect 0.12%, the same as in this study where 0.12% presented an adverse transfusion reaction. This shows an under-registration at the national level, raising questions about their quality and timeliness.

Resumen Introducción: una transfusión de sangre o sus componentes, con el fin de corregir trastornos hematológicos, restaurar el equilibrio hemodinámico o mejorar la oxigenación tisular se lleva a cabo bajo estrictos protocolos con el fin de minimizar los riegos de las reacciones adversas transfusionales, consideradas como una respuesta indeseada e imprevista asociada a la transfusión sanguínea. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de 13925 pacientes en el que 67 personas presentaron alguna reacción transfusional entre los años 2020 a 2022. Se utilizó una fuente de información secundaria de la cual se tomaron las variables demográficas, clínicas, pacientes reportados con reacciones transfusionales. La información se analizó con frecuencias absolutas, relativas y su intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: durante el 2020-2022 se reportaron 67 reacciones adversas relacionadas con la transfusión de 53.418 hemocomponentes. Las reacciones alérgicas fueron las más comunes 85.07% (IC 95% 74.26-92.60). En cuanto a la severidad de la reacción la mayoría de las personas presentó reacción leve 63.64% (2020), 81.50% (2021), 79.30% (2022). La prevalencia para el sexo femenino fue mayor 63.64%, 59.3% y 62.1% y para la edad las personas entre 18 a 59 años 54.55%, 44.44% y 37,9% respectivamente. Conclusión: la transfusión sanguínea desempeña un papel crucial en diversos contextos clínicos. A nivel mundial, los eventos adversos afectan entre el 1% y el 3% de los pacientes transfundidos, en Colombia, afecta al 0,12%, igual que en este estudio donde el 0,12 % presentó reacción adversa transfusional. Lo que evidencia un subregistro a nivel nacional planteando interrogantes sobre la calidad y oportunidad de éstos.

Resumen Antecedentes: Existen reportes de que los Hongos Micorrizógenos Arbusculares (HMA) incrementan la producción de metabolitos secundarios en plantas medicinales. El género Croton ha sido poco estudiado en este aspecto. C. draco es una especie etnomedicinal, conocer la relación y naturaleza de los HMA, puede contribuir a obtener plantas en cultivo con mayor calidad y cantidad de metabolitos secundarios. Preguntas: ¿Las raíces de C. draco pueden ser colonizadas por HMA? ¿Qué especies de HMA se encuentran en la rizósfera de C. draco? ¿La diversidad de especies de HMA varía dependiendo del ambiente? Sitios de estudio y periodo de investigación: El estudio se hizo en tres localidades del estado de Veracruz, en el año 2019. Métodos: Raíces terciarias de árboles adultos se procesaron y observaron al microscopio compuesto buscando esporas, hifas y arbúsculos de HMA. La diversidad y densidad esporas en la rizosfera de C. draco, se determinó en muestras de suelo, comparando tres sitios de estudio. Los datos se normalizaron y se hicieron pruebas paramétricas. Resultados: Se observaron esporas, hifas y arbúsculos en las raíces de C. draco. La abundancia de esporas y diversidad de HMA fue diferente entre los sitios evaluados. Con base en la morfología de las esporas se reconocieron 14 taxones, de los cuales, solo dos están presentes en los tres sitios. Conclusión: C. draco presentó en sus raíces estructuras propias de los HMA. Basado en los resultados concluimos que las condiciones ambientales influyen en la abundancia de esporas y en la diversidad de especies de HMA.

Abstract Background: There are reports that Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) increase the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. The Croton genus has not been widely studied in this aspect. C. draco is an ethnomedicinal species, knowing the relationship and nature of AMF can contribute to obtaining plants in crops with a good quality and quantity of secondary metabolites. Questions: Can the roots of C. draco be colonized by AMF? What type of AMF species can be found in the rhizosphere of C. draco? Could the diversity of AMF species vary depending on the environment? Study sites and dates: The study was carried out in three locations in the state of Veracruz, in 2019. Methods: Tertiary roots of adult trees were processed and observed under a compound microscope looking for AMF spores, hyphae and arbuscules. The diversity and density of spores in the rhizosphere of C. draco was determined in soil samples, comparing the two sites. Data were normalized and parametric tests were performed. Results: Spores, hyphae and arbuscules were observed on the roots of C. draco. The abundance of spores and AMF diversity was different between the evaluated sites. Based on the morphology of the spores, fourteen taxa were recognized, and among them, only two were found in the three sites. Conclusions: C. draco showed structures typical of AMF in its roots. Based on these results we can say that environmental conditions influence the abundance of spores and the diversity of AMF species.

Abstract This article identifies the degree of efficiency in the use of inputs in secondary schools in Mexico at the municipal level during the period 2010-2017. Through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), efficiency is obtained in the three modalities of secondary education: general, technical, and telesecondary. Inputs such as budget, students, teachers, schools, and administrative staff were used, and outputs included the number of students at levels III (good) and IV (excellent) in the ENLACE and PLANEA tests in Spanish and mathematics. The results show a low level reflected in an average efficiency with constant returns of 0.175, variable returns of 0.27, and a scale efficiency of 0.63, with three implications: a) the need to implement public policies for greater efficiency of inputs used in this study; b) the requirement to design educational policies to increase the levels of good and excellent in Spanish and mathematics mentioned, and c) the necessity of public policies to raise the educational quality of secondary education in Mexico.

Resumen Este artículo identifica el grado de eficiencia en el uso de los insumos de las escuelas secundarias en México a nivel municipal durante el periodo 2010-2017. Mediante el análisis de la envolvente de datos (DEA, por sus siglas en inglés), se obtiene la eficiencia en las tres modalidades de la educación secundaria: general, técnica y telesecundaria. Se utilizaron como inputs el presupuesto, alumnos, docentes, escuelas y personal administrativo, y como outputs el número de alumnos en los niveles III (bueno) y IV (excelente) de las pruebas ENLACE y PLANEA en las áreas de español y matemáticas. Los resultados muestran un nivel bajo reflejado en un promedio de eficiencia con rendimientos constantes de 0.175, rendimientos variables de 0.27 y eficiencia de escala de 0.63, y tres implicaciones: a) que se debe instrumentar políticas públicas para una mayor eficiencia de los inputs utilizados en este estudio; b) que se requiere diseñar políticas educativas para aumentar los niveles de bueno y excelente en español y matemáticas mencionados, y c) que se necesita de políticas públicas para elevar la calidad educativa de la educación secundaria en México.

Abstract During the distillation process of aromatic plants a liquid byproduct so called hydrolate is produced which is known to have some herbicidal activity in vitro. The next step to study a possible inhibition of germination would be to use the product in greenhouse conditions. With this aim three trials were carried out in big pots using hydrolates of lavender (Lavandula intermedia var. Super) and of Artemisia absinthium at two different rates. As target weed species Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Sonchus oleraceus L., Datura stramonium L. and Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. were seeded. The same weed populations were used in the three trials and 4 replicates were conducted. The results showed a more or less pronounced reduction in weed emergence depending on the species already at the lower rates of the hydrolates. The most susceptible species were S. oleraceus and Conyza bonariensis with an emergence reduction between 8 and 100% depending on the trial without a marked difference in the type of hydrolate. E. crus-galli was the least affected by the action of hydrolates. The low emergence of D. stramonium in two of the trials and quite irregular results in the other suggest that more trials should be conducted focusing on analysing some of the factors more in detail such as the irrigation, that could have washed out the bioactive fraction of the hydrolates.

Resumen Durante el proceso de destilación de plantas aromáticas se genera un subproducto líquido llamado hidrolato que, en condiciones in vitro, se sabe que tiene propiedades herbicidas. El siguiente paso para estudiar una posible actividad antigerminante sería utilizar el producto en condiciones de invernadero. Para ello se realizaron tres ensayos, en grandes macetas, utilizando hidrolatos de lavanda (Lavandula intermedia var. Súper) y de Artemisia absinthium a dos dosis diferentes. Como especies diana se sembraron Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Sonchus oleraceus L., Datura stramonium L. y Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. En los tres ensayos se utilizaron las mismas poblaciones de arvenses y se hicieron 4 repeticiones por tratamiento. Los resultados mostraron una reducción de la emergencia más o menos acusada en las 4 especies al aplicar ambos hidrolatos ya desde la menor dosis. Las arvenses más sensibles a los hidrolatos fueron S. oleraceus y C. bonariensis con una reducción de la emergencia que osciló entre un 8 y un 100% dependiendo del ensayo sin una marcada diferencia en el tipo de hidrolato. La emergencia de E. crus-galli fue la menos afectada por la acción de los hidrolatos. La baja tasa de emergencia de D. stramonium en dos de los ensayos y los resultados algo irregulares en el otro requieren de una repetición de los ensayos tratando de analizar algunos factores en mayor detalle, como el riego, que pudo haber causado el lavado de la fracción bioactiva del hidrolato.

Abstract Faced with the uncertainty of whether the vaccines against Covid-19 are effective or not and faced with living or dying, it is important to know the perception and expectation of their acceptance. The main aim of the study to analyze the perception and expectation of the vaccine against Covid- 19 that South American families have in an urban area of De Pasco. Descriptive, cross-sectional study, simple random sampling of 197 families. The participants were recruited digitally through a neighborhood leadership and an online survey was applied with prior consent. The logistic regression analysis was performed in EPIDAT 4.1 with a significance level of 5%. Regarding the desire to be vaccinated, it is worth noting that a family member died from the coronavirus, hence the health personnel must continue with the preventive promotional work of vaccination in order to obtain favorable results in the entire population. The majority (100%) have a favorable perception and expectation about the vaccine against Covid- 19 ( X c 2=132.83) and the p-value (0.00); As regards the desire to be vaccinated, it is worth noting having had a family member die from the coronavirus, hence the health personnel must continue with the preventive promotional work of vaccination in order to obtain favorable results in the entire population. Covid19 Covid Covid-1 dying acceptance 1 Pasco Descriptive crosssectional cross sectional consent 41 4 4. 5 5% vaccinated coronavirus population 100% 100 (100% 2=132.83 213283 2 132 83 pvalue p value 0.00 000 0 00 (0.00) Covid1 10 (100 2=132.8 21328 13 8 0.0 (0.00 (10 2=132. 2132 0. (0.0 (1 2=132 213 (0. 2=13 21 (0 2=1 2=

Resumo Diante da incerteza quanto à eficácia das vacinas contra a Covid-19 e diante da possibilidade de viver ou morrer, é importante conhecer a percepção e a expectativa de sua aceitação por parte da população. O objetivo principal do presente estudo é analisar a como a vacina contra a Covid-19 é vista pela população estudada e quais são as expectativas que famílias sul-americanas de uma área urbana de Pasco têm em relação a esta vacina. Este é um estudo descritivo, transversal, usando uma amostragem aleatória simples de 197 famílias. Os participantes foram selecionados digitalmente através do contato com uma liderança local e uma pesquisa online foi aplicada com o consentimento prévio dos indivíduos. A análise de regressão logística foi realizada no EPIDAT 4.1 com nível de significância de 5%. Acerca do desejo de se vacinar, é válido enfatizar que há falecimentos de familiares devido ao coronavírus e, portanto, é necessário que a equipe assistencial continue com o trabalho preventivo de incentivo à vacinação para obter resultados favoráveis para toda a população. De acordo com os resultados encontrados no presente estudo, a maioria (100%) dos participantes demonstrou ter uma percepção e expectativa favoráveis sobre a vacina contra a Covid-19 ( X c 2=132,83), com valor-p (0,00). Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 morrer sulamericanas sul americanas descritivo transversal indivíduos 41 4 1 4. 5 5% vacinar portanto 100% 100 (100% 2=132,83, 213283 2=132,83 , 2 132 83 2=132,83) valorp valor p 0,00. 000 0,00 . 0 00 (0,00) Covid1 Covid- 10 (100 21328 2=132,8 13 8 0,0 (0,00 (10 2132 2=132, 0, (0,0 (1 213 2=132 (0, 21 2=13 (0 2=1 2=

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar políticas y programas adoptados por un municipio brasileño para hacer frente a la violencia infantil durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo documental. El escenario fue el municipio de Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil. Los datos se recogieron de sitios de internet oficiales entre noviembre de 2021 y febrero de 2022. Se utilizó el análisis temático de contenido con el apoyo del software webQDA. Resultados: Surgieron tres categorías empíricas: a) Impactos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la violencia contra los niños; b) Estrategias de acción para abordar esta violencia; c) Indicadores de evaluación y metas de las estrategias de acción para este afrontamiento. Consideraciones finales: Los documentos revelaron pocas menciones sobre los niños de las poblaciones tradicionales en especial y presentaron evaluaciones superficiales de las políticas y programas adoptados, utilizando exclusivamente indicadores cuantitativos. Objetivo COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 Método documental Ananindeua Pará Brasil 202 2022 webQDA Resultados empíricas COVID-1 b c afrontamiento finales cuantitativos COVID1 1 20 COVID- 2

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify policies and programs adopted by a Brazilian municipality to address violence against children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A qualitative documentary study. The study setting was the municipality of Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. Data was collected from official websites between November 2021 and February 2022. Thematic content analysis was used with the support of webQDA software. Results: Three empirical categories emerged: a) Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on violence against children; b) Action strategies for tackling violence against children in the COVID-19 pandemic; c) Evaluation indicators and targets for action strategies for tackling violence against children. Final considerations: The documents revealed few direct mentions of children, especially traditional populations; they presented superficial and ineffective evaluations of the policies and programs adopted, using exclusively quantitative indicators. Objective COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Method Ananindeua Pará Brazil 202 2022 software Results emerged b c considerations populations COVID1 1 COVID- 20 2

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar políticas e programas adotados por um município brasileiro para o enfrentamento da violência contra crianças durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Estudo qualitativo do tipo documental. O cenário de estudo foi Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada em sites oficiais, de novembro de 2021 a fevereiro de 2022. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática apoiada pelo software webQDA. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias empíricas: a) Impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na violência contra crianças; b) Estratégias de enfrentamento desta violência; c) Indicadores de avaliação e metas das estratégias para este enfrentamento Considerações finais: Há poucas menções diretas às crianças, especialmente às de populações tradicionais; apresentaram avaliações ineficazes das políticas, apenas qualitativamente. Objetivo COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 Método documental Ananindeua Pará Brasil oficiais 202 2022 Utilizouse Utilizou se webQDA Resultados empíricas COVID-1 b c finais tradicionais qualitativamente COVID1 1 20 COVID- 2

ABSTRACT Polymers based on glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and isocyanate present molecular structures dependent on NCO/OH molar ratio and diisocyanate reactivity. In this study, GAP polymers are obtained from a reaction with aromatic (toluene diisocyanate, TDI) or aliphatic (isophoranediisocyanate, IPDI) diisocyanates, varying the NCO/OH molar ratio from equimolar to 2.5. The increment in NCO/OH molar ratio increases the gel fraction in GAP/TDI polymers up to 90 wt%, along with a progressive growth in their glass transition temperature (Tg), which rises 10 °C from NCO/OH equimolar to 2.5. In opposition, in the GAP/IPDI polymers, the maximum gel fraction is 20 wt%, and the Tg value practically does not change in NCO excess. Infrared spectroscopy shows the predominant presence of urethane groups in polymers containing up to 2.0 NCO/OH molar ratio; however, at 2.5, urethane and allophanate characteristic bands are present in both polymers. That reactivity is controlled by chemical kinetics since the activation barrier of the reaction between the GAP and TDI is 10 kcal.mol-1 lower than in the corresponding reaction with the IPDI. This difference results from the sum of the higher hyperconjugative interactions, approximately 65%, and the lower steric hindrance, about 35%, in the activated complex containing the TDI. (GAP NCOOH OH study toluene isophoranediisocyanate, isophoranediisocyanate (isophoranediisocyanate IPDI diisocyanates 25 2 5 2.5 GAPTDI 9 wt wt% Tg, , (Tg) 1 C opposition GAPIPDI excess 0 2. however kcal.mol1 kcalmol1 kcalmol kcal.mol kcal mol kcal.mol- interactions 65 65% hindrance 35 35% (Tg mol1 6 3

ABSTRACT The peripherin gene (PRPH2) mutation is associated with photoreceptor cell dysfunction as well as in several inherited retinal dystrophies. The PRPH2 mutation c.582-1G>A is a rare variant reported in retinitis pigmentosa and pattern dystrophy. Here Case 1 was of a 54-year-old woman with bilateral atrophy of the perifoveal retinal pigmentary epithelium and choriocapillaris with central foveolar respect. Autofluorescence and fluorescein angiography revealed perifoveal atrophy of the retinal pigmentary epithelium with an annular window effect without the “dark choroid” sign. Case 2 (mother of Case 1) presented with extensive atrophy of the retinal pigmentary epithelium and choriocapillaris. PRPH2 was evaluated and the c.582-1G>A mutation was identified in heterozygosity. An advanced adult-onset benign concentric annular macular dystrophy diagnosis was thereby proposed. The c.582-1G>A mutation is poorly known and not present in all common genomic databases. This case report is the first one to report a c.582-1G>A mutation associated with benign concentric annular macular dystrophy. PRPH (PRPH2 dystrophies c.5821G>A c5821GA cGA c.582 1G>A c 582 1G A G 54yearold yearold 54 year old respect dark choroid sign mother heterozygosity adultonset adult onset proposed databases (PRPH 5821G GA c582 c.58 1GA 58 5 c58 c.5 c5 c.

RESUMO Mutações do gene da periferina (PRPH2) estão associadas à disfunção das células fotorreceptoras e estão envolvidas em várias distrofias retinianas hereditárias. A mutação c.582-1G>A do gene PRPH2 é uma variante rara, relatada na retinite pigmentosa e nas distrofias em padrão. O caso 1 foi de uma mulher de 54 anos com atrofia bilateral do epitélio pigmentar da retina perifoveal e da coriocapilar, com acometimento foveolar central. A autofluorescência e a angiofluoresceinografia revelaram atrofia perifoveal do epitélio pigmentar da retina, com efeito de janela anular, sem o sinal da “coroide escura”. O caso 2 (mãe) apresentava extensa atrofia do epitélio pigmentar da retina e da coriocapilar. Foi feito um estudo do gene PRPH2, que identificou a mutação c.582-1G>A em heterozigose. Foi proposto um diagnóstico de distrofia macular anular concêntrica benigna de início adulto em estágio avançado. A mutação c.582-1G>A é pouco conhecida e não está presente em todos os bancos de dados genômicos usuais. Este é o primeiro relato de caso publicado de uma mutação c.582-1G>A associada à distrofia macular anular concêntrica benigna. PRPH (PRPH2 hereditárias c.5821G>A c5821GA cGA c.582 1G>A c 582 1G G rara padrão 5 coriocapilar central coroide escura. escura . escura” mãe (mãe heterozigose avançado usuais (PRPH 5821G GA c582 c.58 1GA 58 c58 c.5 c5 c.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Pan American Health Organization reports that few countries worldwide apply skin-to-skin contact and when they use it is during an inadequate amount of time despite the multiple benefits for the mother and the newborn. Objective: To describe the application of skin-to-skin contact from the experience of the health team in a public maternal and child center in Peru. Methods: A qualitative research with a descriptive design, case study, was carried out in a non-probabilistic sample of 10 members of the health team, chosen by convenience and determined by saturation and redundancy. Data were collected through semi-structured online interviews. The information was processed manually, through thematic content analysis. Results: Three categories were obtained: a) application of skin-to-skin contact in the immediate care of the newborn, b) strategies implemented for the application of skin-to-skin contact, and c) barriers faced by the health team to apply skin-to-skin contact. Conclusions: From the experience of health personnel, it is possible to apply skin-to-skin contact after training and sensitization to the health team and conditioning of the environment, in order to implement it as a policy of the health facility.

RESUMEN Introducción: La Organización Panamericana de la Salud refiere que a nivel mundial pocos son los países que aplican el contacto piel con piel cuando lo realizan es por un tiempo inadecuado a pesar de los múltiples beneficios para la madre y el recién nacido. Objetivo: Describir la aplicación del contacto piel con piel desde la experiencia del equipo de salud en un centro materno infantil del sector público en Perú. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa con diseño descriptivo, de tipo estudio de caso, en una muestra no probabilística de 10 integrantes del equipo de salud, elegidos por conveniencia y determinado por saturación y redundancia. Los datos se recolectaron a través de la entrevista semiestructurada en línea. La información se procesó de manera manual, mediante el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Se obtuvieron tres categorías: a) aplicación del contacto piel con piel en la atención inmediata del recién nacido, b) estrategias implementadas para la aplicación del contacto piel con piel y c) barreras afrontadas por el equipo de salud para aplicar el contacto piel con piel. Conclusiones: Desde la experiencia del personal de salud, es posible aplicar el contacto pial a piel previa capacitación y sensibilización al equipo de salud, y acondicionamiento del ambiente, a fin de implementarlo como política del establecimiento de salud.

Abstract Background: Members of the genus Cupiennius Simon, 1891 are categorized as wandering spiders and are part of the family Trechaleidae. The genomics and proteomics of Cupiennius spiders from North America remain uncharacterized. The present study explores for the first time molecular data from the endemic species Cupiennius chiapanensis Medina, 2006, and also presents new data for Cupiennius salei (Keyserling, 1878), both collected in southern Mexico. Methods: In total, 88 Cupiennius specimens were collected from southern Mexico and morphologically identified. DNA was extracted and the mitochondrial COI fragment was amplified. COI sequences were analyzed, and a phylogenetic tree was inferred for species from the Americas. Genetic diversity was analyzed using haplotype networks and gene distances. Venom was obtained from C. chiapanensis and C. salei by electrostimulation. The venom was separated by HPLC, visualized using SDS-PAGE, and quantified for use in toxicity bioassays in mice and insects. Results: Analysis of COI sequences from C. chiapanensis showed 94% identity with C. salei, while C. salei exhibited 94-97% identity with sequences from Central and South American conspecifics. The venom from C. chiapanensis exhibited toxic activity against crickets. Venoms from C. chiapanensis and C. salei caused death in Anastrepha obliqua flies. Analysis of venom fractions from C. salei and C. chiapanensis revealed molecular masses of a similar size as some previously reported toxins and neurotoxic components. We determined the amino acid sequences of ChiaTx1 and ChiaTx2, toxins that are reported here for the first time and which showed toxicity against mice and insects. Conclusion: Our work is the first to report COI-based DNA barcoding sequences from southern Mexican Cupiennius spiders. Compounds with toxic activity were identified in venom from both species. Background Simon 189 Trechaleidae uncharacterized Medina 2006 Keyserling, Keyserling (Keyserling 1878, 1878 , 1878) Methods total 8 amplified Americas distances C electrostimulation HPLC SDSPAGE, SDSPAGE SDS PAGE, PAGE SDS-PAGE insects Results 94 9497% 9497 97% 97 94-97 conspecifics crickets flies components ChiaTx ChiaTx2 Conclusion COIbased based 18 200 187 9 949 94-9 1 20 94- 2

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are relevant to the management of breast cancer treatment since a substantial number of patients develop these complications after chemotherapy. Objective This study aims to evaluate new cardiovascular biomarkers, namely CXCL-16 (C-X-C motif ligand 16), FABP3 (fatty acid binding protein 3), FABP4 (fatty acid binding protein 4), LIGHT (tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14/TNFS14), GDF-15 (Growth/differentiation factor 15), sCD4 (soluble form of CD14), and ucMGP (uncarboxylated Matrix Gla-Protein) in breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin (DOXO). Methods This case-control study was conducted in an oncology clinic that included 34 women diagnosed with breast cancer and chemotherapy with DOXO and 34 control women without cancer and CVD. The markers were determined immediately after the last cycle of chemotherapy. The statistical significance level adopted was 5%. Results The breast cancer group presented higher levels of GDF-15 (p<0.001), while control subjects had higher levels of FABP3 (p=0.038), FABP4 (p=0003), sCD14, and ucMGP (p<0.001 for both). Positive correlations were observed between FABPs and BMI in the cancer group. Conclusion GDF15 is an emerging biomarker with potential clinical applicability in this scenario. FABPs are proteins related to adiposity, which are potentially involved in breast cancer biology. sCD14 and ucMGP engage in inflammatory and vascular calcification. The evaluation of these novel cardiovascular biomarkers could be useful in the management of breast cancer chemotherapy with DOXO. CVDs (CVDs CXCL16 CXCL 16 CXCL-1 CXC C X 16, , 16) FABP fatty 3, 3 3) 4, 4 4) tumor 14/TNFS14, 14TNFS14 TNFS 14/TNFS14 14 TNFS14 14/TNFS14) GDF 15 GDF-1 Growth/differentiation Growthdifferentiation Growth differentiation 15, 15) sCD soluble CD14, CD14 CD CD14) uncarboxylated GlaProtein Gla Protein Gla-Protein . (DOXO) casecontrol case CVD 5 5% p<0.001, p0001 p p<0.001 0 001 (p<0.001) p=0.038, p0038 p=0.038 038 (p=0.038) p=0003, p0003 p=0003 0003 (p=0003) (p<0.00 both. both both) GDF1 scenario adiposity biology sCD1 calcification CXCL1 1 CXCL- 14TNFS1 14/TNFS1 TNFS1 GDF- CD1 (DOXO p000 p<0.00 00 p003 p=0.03 03 (p=0.038 p=000 000 (p=0003 (p<0.0 14TNFS 14/TNFS p00 p<0.0 p=0.0 (p=0.03 p=00 (p=000 (p<0. p0 p<0. p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=00 (p<0 p<0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p< p< (p= (p

Resumo Fundamento As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são relevantes para o manejo do tratamento do câncer de mama, uma vez que um número significativo de pacientes desenvolve essas complicações após a quimioterapia. Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar novos biomarcadores cardiovasculares, sendo eles CXCL-16 (ligante de motivo C-X-C 16), FABP3 (proteína de ligação a ácidos graxos 3), FABP4 (proteína de ligação a ácidos graxos 4), LIGHT (membro da superfamília do fator de necrose tumoral 14/TNFS14), GDF-15 (fator de crescimento/diferenciação 15) , sCD4 (forma solúvel de CD14) e ucMGP (matriz Gla-proteína não carboxilada) em pacientes com câncer de mama tratadas com doxorrubicina (DOXO). Métodos Este estudo de caso-controle foi realizado em uma clínica oncológica, incluindo 34 mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama tratadas com quimioterapia com DOXO e 34 mulheres controle, sem câncer ou DCV. Os marcadores foram determinados imediatamente após o último ciclo de quimioterapia. O nível de significância estatística adotado foi de 5%. Resultados O grupo com câncer de mama apresentou níveis mais elevados de GDF-15 (p<0,001), enquanto os indivíduos controle apresentaram níveis mais elevados de FABP3 (p=0,038), FABP4 (p=0003), sCD14 e ucMGP (p<0,001 para ambos). Correlações positivas foram observadas entre FABPs e IMC no grupo com câncer. Conclusão GDF15 é um biomarcador emergente com potencial aplicabilidade clínica neste cenário. FABPs são proteínas relacionadas à adiposidade, potencialmente envolvidas na biologia do câncer de mama. sCD14 e ucMGP estão envolvidos na calcificação inflamatória e vascular. Acima de tudo, a avaliação destes novos biomarcadores cardiovasculares pode ser útil no tratamento da quimioterapia do câncer de mama com DOXO. DCV (DCV CXCL16 CXCL 16 CXCL-1 ligante CXC C X 16, 16) FABP proteína 3, 3 3) 4, 4 4) membro 14/TNFS14, 14TNFS14 TNFS 14/TNFS14 14 TNFS14 14/TNFS14) GDF 15 GDF-1 crescimentodiferenciação crescimento diferenciação sCD forma CD14 CD matriz Glaproteína Gla carboxilada . (DOXO) casocontrole caso oncológica 5 5% p<0,001, p0001 p p<0,001 0 001 (p<0,001) p=0,038, p0038 p=0,038 038 (p=0,038) p=0003, p0003 p=0003 0003 (p=0003) sCD1 (p<0,00 ambos. ambos ambos) GDF1 cenário adiposidade vascular tudo CXCL1 1 CXCL- 14TNFS1 14/TNFS1 TNFS1 GDF- CD1 (DOXO p000 p<0,00 00 p003 p=0,03 03 (p=0,038 p=000 000 (p=0003 (p<0,0 14TNFS 14/TNFS p00 p<0,0 p=0,0 (p=0,03 p=00 (p=000 (p<0, p0 p<0, p=0, (p=0,0 p=0 (p=00 (p<0 p<0 (p=0, p= (p=0 (p< p< (p= (p

Resumen Introducción. Cryptosporidium spp. es un parásito protozoario del grupo de los coccidios, causante de diarreas, trastornos gastroentéricos y respiratorios (baja frecuencia) en diferentes especies de vertebrados a nivel mundial, principalmente en individuos jóvenes. Objetivo. Documentar las características más importantes de virulencia y patogenia del Cryptosporidium spp. así como, la descripción de sus variantes genéticas y su potencial zoonótico. Desarrollo. Existen más de diecinueve especies de Criptosporidium spp., donde se destacan C. parvum (humanos), C. bovis (bovinos), C. suis (porcinos) y C. ubiquitum (aves), debido a su alta capacidad infectiva dada por la diversidad de sus factores de virulencia. El parásito posee afinidad por los enterocitos y genera anomalías en la absorción y funciones secretoras del intestino. La criptosporidiosis varía en función del estado del huésped (edad, nutrición e inmunología), la fuente de contaminación (agua o ingesta), transmisión e higiene. Existen técnicas de diagnóstico, desde pruebas coproscópicas convencionales hasta pruebas de biología molecular. Conclusión. Factores como la variabilidad y los factores de virulencia del Cryptosporidium spp, se consideran mecanismos que favorecen la infección y dispersión del parasito a nivel individual y grupal en humanos y animales domésticos, al igual que la complejidad del ciclo de vida, la resistencia a condiciones ambientales, la capacidad infectiva y la interacción con el huésped consolidan al Cryptosporidium spp. como un agente zoonótico con efectos económicos importantes.

Abstract Introduction. Cryptosporidium spp. is a protozoan parasite belonging to the group of coccidia, causing diarrhea, gastroenteric, and respiratory disorders (less frequently) in different vertebrate species worldwide, primarily in young individuals. Objective. To document the most important virulence and pathogenic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp., as well as the description of its genetic variants and its zoonotic potential. Development. There are more of 19 species of Cryptosporidium spp., with C. parvum (humans), C. bovis (cattle), C. suis (swine), and C. ubiquitum (birds) being noteworthy due to their high infectivity capacity, given by the diversity of their virulence factors. The parasite has an affinity for enterocytes and causes abnormalities in the intestinal absorption and secretory functions. Cryptosporidiosis varies depending on the host's status (age, nutrition, and immunity), the source of contamination (water or ingestion), transmission, and hygiene. Diagnostic techniques range from conventional coproscopic tests to molecular biology tests. Conclusion. Factors such as the variability and virulence factors of Cryptosporidium spp. are considered mechanisms that favor the infection and spread of the parasite at an individual and group level in humans and domestic animals, as well as the complexity of its life cycle, resistance to environmental conditions, the infective capacity, and host interaction consolidate Cryptosporidium spp. as a zoonotic agent with significant economic effects.

ABSTRACT We present the case of a patient with a paravalvular leak of mechanical prosthesis in aortic position. Due to a recent previous surgery, it was decided to perform a percutaneous repair to reduce perioperative risk, under an off-label indication using a device for ventricular septal defect closure, successful and without complications in the follow-up.

RESUMEN Se presenta el caso de un paciente con parafuga valvular de prótesis mecánica en posición aórtica. Por intervención quirúrgica previa reciente se decide llevar a reparo percutáneo para disminuir riesgo perioperatorio, bajo indicación no aprobada (off label) usando un dispositivo para cierre de comunicación interventricular, exitoso y sin complicaciones en el seguimiento.