ABSTRACT Shaded coffee systems may offer a series of benefits, however, studies on shaded cultivation of Conilon coffee crops are still scarce in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the soil physical, chemical, and biological properties of two Conilon coffee intercropping systems from southeastern Brazil. Two commercial coffee crops – one shaded by macadamia trees and the other by green dwarf coconut trees – were evaluated according to three treatments: coffee plants in the inter-row of the tree species; coffee plants in the same row of the trees; and unshaded coffee. The experimental design was a completely randomized with four replicates. Coffee plants intercropped with macadamia trees, both intra- and inter-row, resulted in less soil compaction than unshaded systems. As for intercropping with green dwarf coconut trees, the unshaded system presented lower soil resistance to penetration. Differences in physical properties between treatments allow no inferences about intercropping systems influence on green coconut trees. Intercropped coffee improves soil chemical properties, resulting in greater soil fertility than unshaded systems, and showed greater soil organisms. These findings indicate that Conilon coffee-macadamia intercropped with tree species represents a promising alternative for sustainable soil management. benefits however literature Brazil interrow inter replicates intra interrow, row, penetration organisms coffeemacadamia management

Abstract Physiological disturbances are one of the major bottlenecks to the expansion of papaya crops due to the negative influence on fruit quality. Studies on genotypes of light-green color have become essential to the development of strategies of tolerance to the physiological disorder skin freckle. Understanding the inheritance of qualitative traits is crucial to selection and prediction of the behavior of segregating generations. Thus, this study aimed to determine the inheritance of the qualitative trait leaf color in segregating generations of crosses between the dark-green cultivar BSA and the light-green cultivar GPC. Inheritance was determined based on the Mendelian genetics laws, by evaluating the phenotypic proportions in the analysis of generations P1 (BSA), P2 (GPC), F1, F2, BC1, BC2, BC2r, and F2:3. The inheritance of light-green leaves from the crossing between BSA and GPG is due to double recessive epistasis.

Objetivou-se neste trabalho verificar a variabilidade existente entre clones da geração F2 de mamoeiro 'Tainung 01' quanto ao enraizamento in vitro. Os clones foram obtidos pela multiplicação de explantes a partir de plantas da geração F2 obtidas em casa de vegetação, mantendo-se a identificação durante três subcultivos. A porcentagem de enraizamento e o crescimento de ramos foram avaliados a partir de ramos de 10 clones de mamoeiro 'Tainung 01' em meio de enraizamento contendo sais e vitaminas do meio MS, acrescido de 0,2 mg L-1 de AIB. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições e 10 ramos por repetição individualizados em tubos de ensaio de 25 x 150 mm. Pelos resultados obtidos verificou-se que é possível selecionar clones mais responsivos à rizogênese in vitro de 'Tainung 01' a partir de segregantes da geração F2. A seleção dos clones mais responsivos para estabelecimento de protocolos comerciais depende da avaliação em campo, em decorrência da segregação para as características produtivas obtidas na geração F2.

The purpose of this study was to assess the variability among clones F2 geration of papaya 'Tainung 01' on the in vitro rooting. The clones were obtained by the multiplication of explants from the F2 geration plants obtained in a greenhouse, keeping the identification during three subcultures. The percentage of rooting and shoot growth were evaluated from branches of 10 clones of papaya Tainung 01' in rooting medium containing salts and vitamins of MS medium, plus 0.2 mg L-1 IBA. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replications and 10 branches per repetition in individual test tubes of 25 mm x 150 mm. From the results it appears that it is possible to select clones more responsive to in vitro rooting 'Tainung 01' from the segregating F2 generation. The selection of clones more responsive to establishment of trade protocols depends on the field evaluation, due to segregation for yield traits obtained in the F2 generation.

Este trabalho objetivou comparar três metodologias para análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade de produtividade. Foi avaliada a produtividade de cultivares de milho do ensaio nacional da Embrapa, centro, nas safras agrícolas 2004/2005, 2005/2006 e 2006/2007, determinando-se a adaptabilidade e estabilidade pelos métodos de Lin e Binns com decomposição (CRUZ; CARNEIRO, 2006); Annicchiarico com decomposição (SCHMILDT; CRUZ, 2005) e um método proposto baseado no método de Annicchiarico com decomposição. Foram propostos a utilização do erro-padrão da média ao invés do desvio-padrão, no cálculo da variabilidade dos ambientes para cada cultivar e também o aumento do nível de confiança, de 75 para 95%. Percebeu-se que os resultados de indicação de cultivares pelos três métodos apresentaram alta correlação de Spearman (p < 0,01). A metodologia proposta, apresenta as vantagens de valorizar mais os desvios apresentados entre os ambientes, por levar em consideração o número de ambientes e também por apresentar menor nível de significância, possibilitando menor erro do tipo I. A metodologia proposta apresenta os resultados numéricos do índice de confiança de mesmo valor que os resultados do método de Annicchiarico com decomposição quando o número de ambientes em comparação for igual a seis.

The aim of this study was to compare three methodologies which analyze adaptability and stability of corn cultivars. It evaluated the productivity of corn cultivars of the national experiment of Embrapa, center, regarding the crops 2004/2005, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, in order to determine the adaptability and stability, by the methods of Lin and Binns with decomposition (CRUZ; CARNEIRO, 2006), Annicchiarico with decomposition (SCHMILDT; CRUZ, 2005) and by another method proposed based on the Annicchiarico method with decomposition. The use of the average standard error instead of the standard deviation in the calculation of the variability of environments for each cultivar, as well as for the increasing of the confidence level of 75 to 95% was proposed. It was noticed that the results of indication of cultivars by the three methods showed Spearman's high correlation (p < 0.01). The new method presents advantages: it values the deviations between the environments by taking into account the number of environments and presenting the lowest level of significance (allowing lowest type I error). The proposed methodology presents the numerical results of the confidence index equal to the results of the Annicchiarico method with decomposition when the compared number of environments is equal to six.