Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of -924 G>A (rs2232365) and -3279 C>A (rs3761548) FOXP3 variants with IBD susceptibility, clinical and endoscopic activity, and IL-10 and TGF-β1 plasma levels. Method: The study included 110 IBD female patients, 60 with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and 50 with Crohn’s Disease (CD), and 154 female controls. FOXP3 variants were determined with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Plasma levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were determined using immuno-fluorimetric assay. Results: AA genotype of rs2232365 and rs3761548 was associated with CD (OR = 3.147, 95% CI 1.015-9.758, p = 0.047) and UC (OR = 3.221, 95% CI 1.050-9.876, p = 0.041) susceptibility, respectively. However, were not associated with TGF-β1 and IL-10 levels, and endoscopic/clinical activity disease. GAGA haplotype was associated with IBD (OR = 4.003, 95% CI 1.100–14.56, p = 0.035) and UC susceptibility (OR = 6.107, 95% CI 1.609–23.18, p = 0.008). In addition, IBD patients with the GAGA haplotype had lower TGF-β1 levels (p = 0.041). Moreover, G/C haplotype (dominant model) had a protective effect of 60% in CD susceptibility and lower Endoscopic Severity Index. Conclusions: These results suggest that FOXP3 variants could exert a role in the Treg, which could be one of the factors involved in the susceptibility and pathogenesis of IBD.

RESUMO A fala dirigida à criança (FDC) é o registro comumente usado nas interações bebê-adulto em muitas comunidades linguísticas, e apresenta uma série de particularidades lexicais, sintáticas e prosódicas quando comparada à fala entre adultos, tais como palavras com reduplicação de sílabas, alta taxa de perguntas e prosódia exagerada. Neste estudo, elegemos como objeto de investigação as interrogativas e suas propriedades prosódicas. A análise de dados de interações de dez bebês de 4 a 12 meses adquirindo o português brasileiro e seus cuidadores revelou que as perguntas corresponderam a 33% do total de enunciados produzidos e são realçadas principalmente pelo pitch marcado (maior pitch range e pitch span), e maior duração. Ainda, os contornos de pitch das perguntas Qu e Sim/Não (perguntas totais) seguem seus respectivos padrões observados na fala adulta. Esses resultados são compatíveis com os encontrados na literatura e apontam que, de modo geral, A FDC usada no português brasileiro apresenta características semelhantes a esse registro em outras línguas.

ABSTRACT Infant-directed speech (IDS) is the register commonly used in infant-adult interactions in many linguistic communities, and presents a number of special lexical, syntactic and prosodic particularities when compared to adult speech, such as words with syllable reduplication, high question rate and exaggerated prosody. In this study, we focus on interrogatives and their prosodic properties as the object of investigation. Data analysis of interactions of ten Brazilian Portuguese-acquiring infants aged 4 to 12 months and their caregivers, revealed that questions corresponded to 33% of the total utterances produced and are emphasized mainly by marked pitch (raised pitch range and expanded pitch span), as well as increased duration. Moreover, the pitch contours of Wh and Yes/No questions followed their respective patterns observed in adult speech. These results are compatible with those found in the literature and indicate that, in general, the IDS used in Brazilian Portuguese has similar characteristics to this register in other languages.

Resumo Fundamento Estudos revelam que pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e frequência cardíaca (FC) <70 batimentos por minuto (bpm) evoluem melhor e têm menor morbimortalidade em comparação com FC >70. Entretanto, muitos pacientes com IC mantêm FC elevada. Objetivo Avaliar se os pacientes acompanhados em ambulatório de cardiologia têm sua FC controlada e como estava a prescrição dos medicamentos que reduzem a mortalidade na IC. Métodos Foram analisados de forma consecutiva pacientes que passaram em consulta e que já acompanhavam em ambulatório de cardiologia, idade > 18 anos e com diagnóstico de IC e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) <45%. Os pacientes em ritmo sinusal foram divididos em dois grupos: FC ≤70 bpm (G1) e FC >70 bpm (G2). Na análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes t de Student, Qui-quadrado. Foi considerado significante p <0,05. Utilizamos o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) para análise. Resultados Foram avaliados 212 pacientes de forma consecutiva. Destes, 41 (19,3%) apresentavam fibrilação atrial ou eram portadores de marca-passo e foram excluídos desta análise; assim, 171 pacientes foram analisados. Os pacientes em ritmo sinusal tinham idade média de 63,80 anos (±11,77), sendo 59,6% homens e FEVE média de 36,64% (±7,79). Com relação à etiologia, a isquêmica estava presente em 102 pacientes (59,65%), enquanto a cardiopatia chagásica em 17 pacientes (9,9%); 131 pacientes eram hipertensos (76,6%), enquanto 63 pacientes (36,84%) eram diabéticos. Quanto à FC, 101 pacientes apresentaram FC ≤70 bpm (59,06%) G1 e 70 pacientes (40,93%) FC >70 bpm (G2). A FC média no G1 foi de 61,53 bpm (±5,26) e no G2, 81,76 bpm (±9,52), p <0,001. A quase totalidade dos pacientes (98,8%) estava sendo tratada com carvedilol prescrito na dose média de 42,14 mg/dia (±18,55) no G1 versus 42,48 mg/dia (±21,14) no G2, p=0,911. A digoxina foi utilizada em 5,9% dos pacientes no G1 versus 8,5% no G2, p=0,510. A dose média de digoxina no G1 foi de 0,19 mg/dia (±0,06) e no G2 foi de 0,19 mg/dia (±0,06), p=0,999. A maioria dos pacientes (87,72%) utilizou o inibidor da enzima de conversão da angiotensina (IECA) ou bloqueador do receptor da angiotensina (BRA), e 56,72% utilizaram espironolactona. A dose média de enalapril foi de 28,86 mg/dia (±12,68) e de BRA foi de 87,80 mg/dia (±29,80). A maioria dos pacientes utilizou IECA ou BRA e com doses adequadas. Conclusão O estudo revelou que 40,93% dos pacientes estavam com FC acima de 70 bpm, apesar de o betabloqueador ter sido prescrito para praticamente todos os pacientes e em doses elevadas. Outras medidas precisam ser adotadas para manter a FC mais controlada nesse grupo de frequência mais elevada. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(6):1063-1069)

Abstract Background Studies have shown that heart failure (HF) patients with heart rate (HR) < 70 bpm have had a better clinical outcome and lower morbidity and mortality compared with those with HR > 70 bpm. However, many HF patients maintain an elevated HR. Objective To evaluate HR and the prescription of medications known to reduce mortality in HF patients attending an outpatient cardiology clinic. Methods We consecutively evaluated patients seen in an outpatient cardiology clinic, aged older than 18 years, with diagnosis of HF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 45%. Patients with sinus rhythm were divided into two groups – HR ≤ 70 bpm (G1) and HR > 70 bpm (G2). The Student’s t-test and the chi-square test were used in the statistical analysis, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The SPSS software was used for the analyses. Results A total of 212 consecutive patients were studied; 41 (19.3%) had atrial fibrillation or had a pacemaker implanted and were excluded from the analysis, yielding 171 patients. Mean age of patients was 63.80 ± 11.77 years, 59.6% were men, and mean LVEF 36.64±7.79%. The most prevalent HF etiology was ischemic (n=102; 59.6%), followed by Chagasic (n=17; 9.9%). One-hundred thirty-one patients (76.6%) were hypertensive and 63 (36.8%) diabetic. Regarding HR, 101 patients had a HR ≤70 bpm (59.1%) and 70 patients (40.93%) had a HR >70 bpm (G2). Mean HR of G1 and G2 was 61.5±5.3 bpm and 81.8±9.5 bpm, respectively (p<0.001). Almost all patients (98.8%) were receiving carvedilol, prescribed at a mean dose of 42.1±18.5 mg/day in G1 and 42.5±21.1mg/day in G2 (p=0.911). Digoxin was used in 5.9% of patients of G1 and 8.5% of G2 (p=0.510). Mean dose of digoxin in G1 and G2 was 0.19±0.1 mg/day and 0.19±0.06 mg/day, respectively (p=0,999). Most patients (87.7%) used angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), and 56.7% used spironolactone. Mean dose of enalapril was 28.9±12.7 mg/day and mean dose of ARB was 87.8±29.8 mg/day. The doses of ACEI and ARB were adequate in most of patients. Conclusion The study revealed that HR of 40.9% of patients with HF was above 70 bpm, despite treatment with high doses of beta blockers. Further measures should be applied for HR control in HF patients who maintain an elevated rate despite adequate treatment with beta blocker. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(6):1063-1069)

Abstract This paper explores an intersection between three main topics: (i) sociolinguistic variation, (ii) variation acquisition and processing according to a psycholinguistic approach and (iii) mother-tongue teaching/learning when the two previous factors are taken into account. Nonstandard linguistic varieties coexist in society with a standardized variety that could be defined as the ‘language of education’. The distance between standard forms and the variety acquired by children at home is quite variable and could have an impact on how and when the formal register becomes (or not) part of the range of linguistic speaker’s options. In order to address these issues, we provide experimental results regarding the comprehension and production of two linguistic aspects that show a high variation in Brazilian Portuguese- verbal agreement and anaphoric forms in direct object position - as a function of formal education exposure; we also articulate these results with the concepts of core grammar and marked periphery (Kato, 2005) for a more theoretical discussion.

RESUMO: O português brasileiro exibe um padrão variável de concordância de número em que se destacam duas regras principais: marcação redundante em todos os itens relacionados e, alternativamente, concordância não redundante, com marca obrigatória no determinante ou no pronome possessivo. A saliência fônica, uma propriedade vinculada ao contraste de material fônico quando comparadas as formas singular e plural de um dado item, tem sido apontada na literatura como um fator relevante na alternância entre essas regras. Investigamos aqui experimentalmente o papel desse fator na realização morfofonológica da concordância nominal. Reportamos dois experimentos de produção eliciada conduzidos com falantes adultos, o primeiro utilizando nomes reais e o segundo pseudo-nomes. Os resultados revelam diferenças significativas em virtude da regra empregada - com tempos de reação maiores na condição não redundante - e não permitem sustentar um efeito de saliência nos termos em que esse fator é tradicionalmente caracterizado. A tonicidade da sílaba que carrega o morfema de plural parece ser, no entanto, relevante na alternância entre as regras.

ABSTRACT: Brazilian Portuguese exhibits a variable pattern of number agreement: redundant marks in all the related items, and, alternatively, non-redundant agreement, in which the plural mark is carried by the determiner or by the possessive being omitted in the remaining items. Phonic salience is a property related to the contrast between singular and plural forms of an item and had been raised as one of the relevant factors in agreement variation. In this paper the role of phonic salience is investigated by means of experimental methodology. We report the results of two elicited production experiments conducted with adult speakers - the first one, with real nouns, and second one with pseudo-nouns. The results are in line with the idea that the two rules of number agreement would be processed differently. Phonic salience, in turn, did not reveal a significant influence, contrary to the previous hypothesis. Nonetheless, syllable stress coincidence with the plural morpheme might be a cue for explaining the contrast between the two rules.

The results of the design and testing of the environmental component of the integrated surveillance system for the prevention and control of dengue fever in “Efraín Mayor'” health area in Cotorro municipality, City of Havana, Cuba, were presented in this paper. The surveillance system was tested in the course of stages 69 th to 76 th of the Campaign for Vectors Control. Seven environmental indicators were used. For data collection, 91-06 statistical form used by the workers of the Campaign was modified, and the observation of new environmental elements in his daily work was incorporated. The blocks were classified by the results of every indicator and two integrated indicators reflecting environmental conditions in and out of the house were developed to facilitating environmental management. In the study of association between summary indicators and the integrated indicator of the inner environment of the house, with or without mosquito foci, it was found that the percentage of unprotected water depots per block was the statistically significant association. A tendency to improved environmental conditions both inside and outside the houses was observed. The environmental component of the surveillance system was useful to help to eliminate or decrease the influence of environmental conditions that can favor the creation of Aedes aegypti mosquito foci. The results indicated the need to improve the education and mobilization of the community for the solution of some of the problems detected.

Se presentan los resultados del diseño y ensayo del componente ambiental del sistema de vigilancia integrado para la prevención y el control del dengue en el área de salud “Efraín Mayor” del municipio Cotorro, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. El sistema se ensayó entre las fases 69 y 76 de la Campaña de Vigilancia y Lucha Antivectorial. Se emplearon siete indicadores, a nivel de manzana. Para la recolección de datos se modificó el modelo estadístico 91-06 utilizado por el operario “A” y se incorporó la observación de nuevos elementos ambientales en su trabajo de rutina. Las manzanas se clasificaron por los resultados de cada indicador y se elaboraron dos indicadores integrados que reflejaron las condiciones del ambiente intra y extradomiciliario, con el objetivo de facilitar el manejo ambiental. En el estudio de la asociación de los indicadores de resumen y el integrado del ambiente intradomiciliario, con la aparición o no de focos del mosquito, solamente fue estadísticamente significativo el correspondiente al porcentaje de depósitos con agua no protegidos por manzanas. Se observó una tendencia a la mejoría de las condiciones ambientales intra y extradomiciliarias en las manzanas. El componente ambiental del sistema de vigilancia resultó de utilidad para contribuir a eliminar o disminuir la influencia de condiciones ambientales que pueden favorecer la creación de focos de mosquitos Aedes aegypti. Los resultados de los indicadores intradomiciliarios brindaron elementos que deberán ser empleados en la educación y movilización de la comunidad para la solución de algunos de los problemas detectados.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar a influência da fonte de luz, LED e lâmpada halógena (LH), na efetividade de polimerização do cimento resinoso dual Enforce fotoativado sob um disco de porcelana. Três tempos de exposição (60, 80 e 120 segundos) foram também avaliados. Dois grupos experimentais, na qual a polimerização do cimento resinoso foi feita através de um disco cerâmico, e dois controles, polimerização direta do cimento, sem presença do disco cerâmico foram subdivididos em três subgrupos, com cinco amostras em cada: G1A- LH 60s; G1B- LH 80s; G1C- LH 120s; G2A- LED 60s; G2B- LED 80s; G2C- LED 120s; e grupos controles: G3A- LH 60s; G3B- LH 80s; G3C- LH 120s; G4A- LED 60s; G4B- LED 80s e G4C- LED 120s. O cimento resinoso foi inserido em uma matriz de aço (4 mm de diâmetro e 1,2 mm de espessura). Nos grupos experimentais um disco de porcelana (6 mm de diâmetro por 2 mm de espessura) foi colocado sobre o cimento. Este foi fotoativado através da porcelana pela lâmpada halógena e pelo LED, por outro lado nos grupos controles a luz foi aplicada sem o disco de porcelana. As amostras foram armazenadas em um frasco que impedia a passagem de luz a 37(0)C por 24 horas, para que depois a dureza Vickers fosse determinada. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância a quatro critérios seguido pelo teste Tukey (p£ 0,05). Todas as amostras polimerizadas pelo LED por 60s mostraram valores inferiores quando comparadas com as do grupo da lâmpada halógena. Em geral, a fotoativação realizada por 80 e 120 s com o LED foi estatisticamente similar à fotoativação com a lâmpada halógena (60 e 80 s). A tecnologia LED pode ser viável para a fotoativação de restaurações indiretas de porcelana quando o tempo de polimerização é aumentado.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of light source, LED unit and halogen lamp (HL), on the effectiveness of Enforce dual-cured cement cured under a ceramic disc. Three exposure times (60, 80 and 120 s) were also evaluated. Two experimental groups, in which the polymerization of the dual-cured cement was performed through a ceramic disc, and two control groups, in which the polymerization of the dual-cured cement was performed directly without presence of ceramic disc were subdivided into three subgroups (three different exposure times), with five specimens each: G1A- HL 60s; G1B- HL 80s; G1C- HL 120s; G2A- LED 60s; G2B- LED 80s; G2C- LED 120s; and control groups: G3A- HL 60s; G3B- HL 80s; G3C- HL 120s; G4A- LED 60s; G4B- LED 80s and G4C- LED 120s. Cement was applied in a steel matrix (4mm diameter, 1.2mm thickness). In the experimental groups, a ceramic disc was placed on top. The cement was light-cured through the ceramic by a HL and LED, however, the control groups were cured without the ceramic disc. The specimens were stored in a light-proof container at 37ºC for 24 hours, then Vickers hardness was determined. A four-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p£ 0.05) were performed. All specimens cured by LED for 60s showed inferior values compared with the halogen groups. In general, light-curing by LED for 80s and 120s was comparable to halogen groups (60s and 80s) and their control groups. LED technology can be viable for light-curing through conventional ceramic indirect restorations, when curing time is increased in relation to HL curing time.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de cultivares de milho-pipoca avaliadas pela Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Milho e Sorgo, no ano agrícola 1991/92. Foram avaliadas 15 cultivares em 19 locais quanto à produtividade, e em 15 locais quanto ao índice de capacidade de expansão (ICE) na região centro-sul do Brasil. As cultivares GO 100P, MF 1001, Pirapoca-Amarela, Pirapoca-Branca e Colorado Pop 1, foram mais promissoras, pois apresentaram boas médias de produtividade (1.700 a 2.100 kg/ha de grãos) e razoáveis ICE (17 a 21 mL/mL). Quanto à variável produtividade, as cultivares Pirapoca-Amarela e Colorado Pop 1 apresentaram-se adaptadas a ambientes favoráveis, e foram estáveis. As cultivares MF 1001, Pirapoca-Branca e GO 100P, demonstraram capacidade satisfatória no aproveitamento dos estímulos ambientais, e foram estáveis. Todas foram estáveis em relação ao ICE, e as cultivares MF 1001, Colorado Pop 1, Pirapoca-Amarela e Pirapoca-Branca demonstraram capacidade satisfatória no aproveitamento dos estímulos ambientais. A cultivar GO 100P foi melhor adaptada para ambientes favoráveis.

The purpose of this work was to study the adaptability and stability of popcorn cultivars evaluated by Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Milho e Sorgo in the year 1991/92. Fifteen cultivars were evaluated for yield, in 19 environments, and for popping expansion, in 15 environments, at the central-south of Brazil. The cultivars GO 100P, MF 1001, Pirapoca-Amarela, Pirapoca-Branca and Colorado Pop 1 were more promising, showing higher grain yield average (1,700 to 2,100 kg/ha) and reasonable popping expansion (17 to 21 mL/mL). In relation to yield, Pirapoca-Amarela and ColoradoPop1 cultivars were more adapted to favorable environments, and were stable. The MF 1001, Pirapoca-Branca and GO 100P showed to be responsive to the environmental stimulus, and were stable. In relation to popping expansion, all the cultivars were stable, and MF 1001, ColoradoPop1, Pirapoca-Amarela e Pirapoca-Branca cultivars showed to be responsive to the environmental stimulus. GO 100P cultivar was adapted to favorable environments.