Abstract Fish processing provides waste of around 50.0% to 70.0% of the animal's initial weight, especially the skin. Thus, this residue contains the by-product that allows biopolymers to be obtained, highlighting collagen, which can be widely used in different areas. The present study aimed to evaluate the yield of collagen extracted from peacock bass Cichla monoculus skin and to characterize them physicochemically. Twenty-five peacock bass with an average weight of 646 ± 175 g were used. The skin samples were removed by manual filleting and weighed, with an average yield of 3.7%. Subsequently, such models were analyzed for chemical composition, showing 61.8% for moisture, 29.3% for crude protein, 1.5% for ash, 6.3% for total lipids, and 1.2% for non-nitrogenous extract (NNE). Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) presented an average yield of 8.2%, presenting in its analysis of centesimal composition 12.5% of moisture, 82.6% of crude protein, 1.1% of ash, 2.6% of total lipids, and 1.2% NNE. The skin and collagen extracted from the tucunaré skin have technological potential for use in the preparation of products, adding value to these by-products from fish processing. 500 50 0 50.0 700 70 70.0 animals animal s Thus byproduct product obtained areas physicochemically Twentyfive Twenty five 64 17 weighed 37 3 7 3.7% Subsequently 618 61 8 61.8 moisture 293 29 29.3 protein 15 1 5 1.5 ash 63 6 6.3 lipids 12 2 1.2 nonnitrogenous non nitrogenous NNE . (NNE) Acidsoluble Acid soluble ASC (ASC 82 8.2% 125 12.5 826 82.6 11 1.1 26 2.6 products byproducts 50. 70. 3.7 61. 29. 1. 6. (NNE 8.2 12. 82. 2. 3. 8.

Resumo O processamento do pescado fornece em resíduos cerca de 50,0% a 70,0% do peso inicial do animal, destacando-se a pele. Assim, nesse resíduo encontra-se o subproduto que permite a obtenção de biopolímeros, dando destaque ao colágeno, que pode amplamente ser utilizado em diversas áreas. O presente estudo objetivou fazer uma avaliação do rendimento do colágeno extraído da pele do tucunaré Cichla monoculus, e caracterizá-los físico-quimicamente. Foram utilizados 25 tucunarés com peso médio de 646 ± 175 g. As amostras de pele foram retiradas por filetagem manual e pesadas, apresentando rendimento médio de 3,7%. Posteriormente, tais amostras foram analisadas quanto à composição centesimal, apresentando os valores de 61,8% para umidade, 29,3% para proteína bruta, 1,5% para cinzas, 6,3% para lipídios totais e 1,2% para extrato não nitrogenado (ENN). Colágeno solúvel em ácido (ASC) apresentou o rendimento médio de 8,2%, apresentando em sua análise de composição centesimal 12,5% de umidade, 82,6% de proteína bruta, 1,1% de cinzas, 2,6% de lipídios totais e 1,2% ENN. A pele e o colágeno extraído da pele do tucunaré apresentam potencial tecnológico para aproveitamento na elaboração de produtos, agregando valor a esses subprodutos provenientes do processamento do pescado. 500 50 0 50,0 700 70 70,0 animal destacandose destacando se Assim encontrase encontra biopolímeros áreas monoculus caracterizálos caracterizá los físicoquimicamente. físicoquimicamente físico quimicamente. quimicamente físico-quimicamente 2 64 17 g pesadas 37 3 7 3,7% Posteriormente 618 61 8 61,8 umidade 293 29 29,3 bruta 15 1 5 1,5 cinzas 63 6 6,3 12 1,2 ENN . (ENN) ASC (ASC 82 8,2% 125 12,5 826 82,6 11 1,1 26 2,6 produtos 50, 70, 3,7 61, 29, 1, 6, (ENN 8,2 12, 82, 2, 3, 8,

ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the abiotic stresses that affect gas exchange and growth of pomegranate. In this context, the application of nitrogen fertilizer through the leaves can minimize these effects. Thus, the objective of present study was to evaluate the effect of foliar nitrogen fertilization on pomegranate seedlings irrigated with brackish water. The design used was randomized blocks, in an incomplete factorial scheme (Central Composite Design) with five electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw (0.50, 1.15, 2.75, 4.35, and 5.00 dS m-1) and five doses of foliar nitrogen fertilization - FNF (0, 0.33, 1.15, 1.97, and 2.30 g L-1), with four replicates and two plants per experimental plot. Plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and gas exchange (stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, instantaneous water use efficiency, and intrinsic water use efficiency) were evaluated at 60 days after the beginning of irrigation with saline water. Salinity of irrigation water negatively affects the gas exchange of pomegranate seedlings. Foliar nitrogen fertilization up to 1.31 g L-1 improves plant height and number of leaves in pomegranate seedlings under salt stress. Foliar nitrogen fertilization up to 1.59 g L-1 increases the net photosynthesis of pomegranate seedlings. context effects Thus blocks Central Design 0.50, 050 0 50 (0.50 115 1 15 1.15 275 2 75 2.75 435 4 35 4.35 500 5 00 5.0 m1 m m-1 0, (0 033 33 0.33 197 97 1.97 230 30 2.3 L1, L1 L , L-1) plot diameter stomatal conductance CO concentration rate efficiency 6 131 31 1.3 L- stress 159 59 1.5 0.50 05 (0.5 11 1.1 27 7 2.7 43 3 4.3 5. m- ( 03 0.3 19 9 1.9 23 2. 13 1. 0.5 (0. 4. 0.

RESUMO A salinidade é um dos estresses abióticos que afeta as trocas gasosas e o crescimento de romãzeira. Neste sentido, à aplicação de adubo nitrogenado via foliar poderá minimizar estes efeitos. Com isso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar com nitrogênio em mudas de romã irrigadas com águas salobra. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial incompleto (Composto Central de Box), sendo cinco condutividade elétrica da água - CEa (0,50; 1,15; 2,75; 4,35 e 5,00 dS m-1) e cinco doses de adubação nitrogenada via foliar - ANF (0; 0,33; 1,15; 1,97 e 2,30 g L-1), com quatro repetições. A salinidade da água de irrigação afeta negativamente as trocas gasosas de mudas de romãzeira. A adubação nitrogenada foliar até 1,31 g L-1 melhora o crescimento em altura e no número de folhas em mudas de romãzeira sob estresse salino. Adubação nitrogenada foliar até a dose de 1,59 g L-1 aumenta a fotossíntese das mudas de romãzeira. sentido efeitos isso salobra casualizados Composto Box, Box , Box) 0,50 050 0 50 (0,50 1,15 115 1 15 2,75 275 2 75 435 4 35 4,3 500 5 00 5,0 m1 m m-1 (0 0,33 033 33 197 97 1,9 230 30 2,3 L1, L1 L L-1) repetições 131 31 1,3 L- salino 159 59 1,5 0,5 05 (0,5 1,1 11 2,7 27 7 43 3 4, 5, m- ( 0,3 03 19 9 1, 23 2, 13 0, (0,

Abstract Meat products represent an important component of the human diet and are a good source of nutrients. Food-borne microorganisms are the main pathogens that cause human diseases as a result of food consumption, especially products of animal origin. The objective of the present research was to verify the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris against strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from meat products. For this, the analyses of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were performed in microdilution plates. The association of the product with antimicrobials was also studied using disk diffusion. And the anti-adherent activity, which was determined in the presence of sucrose, in glass tubes. Thyme oil showed a strong inhibitory activity against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. saprophyticus, with the MIC values ranging from 64 to 512 μg/mL, and bactericidal effect for most strains, with MBC values ranging from 256 to 1,024 μg/mL. T. vulgaris oil exhibited varied interactions in association with the antimicrobials, with synergistic (41.67%), indifferent (50%) and antagonistic (8.33%) effects. Regarding the anti-adherent activity, the test product was effective in inhibiting the adherence of all bacterial strains under study. Therefore, thyme oil presents itself as an antibacterial and anti-adherent agent against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. saprophyticus, being a natural product that can represent an interesting alternative in the efforts to combat foodborne diseases. nutrients Foodborne Food borne consumption origin pneumoniae this (MIC (MBC plates diffusion antiadherent anti adherent sucrose tubes K P S 6 51 μgmL μg mL μg/mL 25 1024 1 024 1,02 T 41.67%, 4167 41.67% , 41 67 (41.67%) 50% 50 (50% 8.33% 833 8 33 (8.33% effects study Therefore 5 2 102 02 1,0 416 41.67 4 (41.67% (50 8.33 83 3 (8.33 10 0 1, 41.6 (41.67 (5 8.3 (8.3 41. (41.6 ( 8. (8. (41. (8 (41 (4

Resumo Os produtos cárneos representam um importante componente da dieta humana e constituem uma boa fonte de nutrientes. Microrganismos de origem alimentar são os principais patógenos que causam doenças humanas como resultado do consumo de alimentos, principalmente, produtos de origem animal. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi verificar a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Thymus vulgaris frente às cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus saprophyticus isoladas de produtos cárneos. Para isso, foram realizadas as análises de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) em placas de microdiluição. Assim como, o estudo de associação do produto com antimicrobianos, realizado por difusão em disco. E a atividade antiaderente, que foi determinada na presença de sacarose, em tubos de vidro. O óleo de tomilho apresentou uma forte atividade inibitória contra K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa e S. saprophyticus, com os valores de CIM variando entre 64 a 512 μg/mL, e efeito bactericida para a maioria das cepas, com valores de CBM entre 256 a 1.024 μg/mL. O óleo de T. vulgaris exibiu interações variadas na associação com os antimicrobianos, com efeitos sinérgicos (41,67%), indiferente (50%) e antagonista (8,33%). Em relação a atividade antiaderente, o produto teste foi eficaz na inibição a aderência de todas cepas bacterianas em estudo. Portanto, o óleo de tomilho apresenta-se como agente antibacteriano e antiaderente frente a K. pneumoniae, a P. aeruginosa e a S. saprophyticus, sendo um produto natural que pode representar uma alternativa interessante nos esforços para combater doenças transmitidas por alimentos. nutrientes alimentos principalmente animal pneumoniae isso (CIM (CBM microdiluição antimicrobianos disco sacarose vidro K P S 6 51 μgmL μg mL μg/mL 25 1024 1 024 1.02 T 41,67%, 4167 41,67% , 41 67 (41,67%) 50% 50 (50% 8,33%. 833 8,33% . 8 33 (8,33%) Portanto apresentase apresenta se 5 2 102 02 1.0 416 41,67 4 (41,67% (50 83 8,33 3 (8,33% 10 0 1. 41,6 (41,67 (5 8,3 (8,33 41, (41,6 ( 8, (8,3 (41, (8, (41 (8 (4

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the salicylic acid applications in attenuating the harmful effects of saline nutrient solution on the physiology and growth of 'Gaúcho' melon cultivated in the NFT hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in Pombal-PB, Brazil. The cultivation system used was the Nutrient Film Technique - NFT hydroponics. A completely randomized split-plot design was used, with the plot referring to four levels of salinity in the nutrient solution - ECns (2.1 control, 3.2, 4.3, and 5.4 dS m-1) and the sub-plot four concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 mM), applied via foliar spray, with six replications. Nutrient solution of 4.3 and 5.4 dS m-1 electrical conductivity promotes higher maximum and variable fluorescence, respectively. The stomatal conductance, transpiration, stem diameter, main branch length, leaf dry mass, and stem dry mass of ‘Gaúcho’ melon plants decrease with the increase in salinity of the nutrient solution. Salicylic acid increases the initial fluorescence and the main branch length of ‘Gaúcho’ melon plants in hydroponic cultivation. Salicylic acid at a concentration of 1.5 to 4.5 mM did not attenuate the effects of salt stress on the internal CO2 concentration, CO2 assimilation rate, and root dry mass of 'Gaúcho' melon plants. Gaúcho 'Gaúcho greenhouse PombalPB, PombalPB Pombal PB, PB Pombal-PB Brazil hydroponics splitplot split 2.1 21 2 1 (2. control 32 3 3.2 43 4 54 5 5. m1 m subplot sub SA (SA 0, 0 (0 15 30 3.0 45 4. mM, , mM) spray replications m- respectively conductance transpiration diameter ‘Gaúcho 1. CO rate 2. (2 3. (

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as aplicações do ácido salicílico como atenuador dos efeitos deletérios da solução nutritiva salina sobre a fisiologia e o crescimento do melão 'Gaúcho' cultivado em sistema hidropônico NFT. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em Pombal - PB, Brasil. O sistema de cultivo utilizado foi a técnica do fluxo laminar de nutrientes - NFT. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas, sendo a parcela referente a quatro níveis de salinidade de solução nutritiva - CEsn (2,1 controle, 3,2, 4,3 e 5,4 dS m-1) e a subparcelas quatro concentrações de ácido salicílico - AS (0, 1,5, 3,0 e 4,5 mM), aplicado via pulverização foliar, com seis repetições. A solução nutritiva de 4,3 e 5,4 dS m-1 condutividade elétrica promove maior fluorescência máxima e variável, respectivamente. A condutância estomática, a transpiração, o diâmetro do caule, o comprimento do ramo principal, a massa seca da folha e a massa seca do caule do meloeiro ‘Gaúcho’ diminuiu com o aumento da salinidade da solução nutritiva. O ácido salicílico aumenta a fluorescência inicial e o comprimento do ramo principal do meloeiro ‘Gaúcho’ em cultivo hidropônico. O ácido salicílico na concentração de 1,5 a 4,5 mM não atenuou os efeitos do estresse salino sobre a concentração interna de CO2, taxa de assimilação de CO2 e massa seca da raiz do meloeiro 'Gaúcho'. Gaúcho 'Gaúcho NFT vegetação PB Brasil subdivididas 2,1 21 2 1 (2, controle 32 3 3,2 43 4 4, 54 5 5, m1 m 0, 0 (0 15 30 3, 45 mM, , mM) foliar repetições m- variável respectivamente estomática transpiração ‘Gaúcho 1, CO Gaúcho. . 2, (2 (

Abstract This study investigated the feasibility of synthesizing sodium silicate from rice husk ash (RHA) and its application to produce geopolymers. Samples were prepared at different SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios (3.0, 3.5, and 4.0) for both sodium silicates (commercial and from RHA). They were underwater cured at 60 ºC for 1 h and then at room temperature (25 ºC in the air) until the time of the tests (7 and 28 days). The results showed that the compressive strength significantly increased along with the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio for both silicates. Geopolymers produced with sodium silicate from RHA showed higher compressive strengths for most studied samples. The highest compressive strength (6.33±0.23 MPa) was obtained for samples with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 4.0 at 7 days, representing a 40% increase in average values compared to commercial sodium silicate under the same conditions. XRD data and FTIR spectrum confirmed that it was possible to synthesize a geopolymer with sodium silicate using RHA.

OBJECTIVES: The number of deaths from vascular diseases is incredibly high worldwide, and reliable markers for major events are still needed. The current cross-sectional study investigated the association of Klotho haplotypes and Klotho serum levels with classic risk factors and a clinical history of vascular events. METHODS: Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and nutritional assessments were conducted with 168 older adults, complemented by genotyping (rs9536314 and rs9527025) and the detection of serum Klotho (ELISA). RESULTS: Klotho levels and haplotypes did not associate with most classic risk factors for vascular events, including markers such as C-reactive protein and homocysteine. A positive association was only found between Klotho levels and the previous occurrence of a myocardial infarction by both correlational (p=0.006) and variance analyses (p<0.001), and these associations were independent of the context. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that serum Klotho is higher in individuals with a clinical history of myocardial infarction but not with a history of coronary artery disease or stroke. None of the Klotho haplotypes were associated with the variables investigated herein.

Introduction Guillain-Barre syndrome is an acute neuropathy that rarely compromises bladder function. Conservative management including clean intermittent catheterization and pharmacotherapy is the primary approach for hypocompliant contracted bladder. Surgical treatment may be used in refractory cases to improve bladder compliance and capacity in order to protect the upper urinary tract. We describe a case of pure laparoscopic augmentation ileocystoplasty in a patient affected by Guillain-Barre syndrome. Presentation A 15-year-old female, complaining of voiding dysfunction, recurrent urinary tract infection and worsening renal function for three months. A previous history of Guillain-Barre syndrome on childhood was related. A voiding cystourethrography showed a pine-cone bladder with moderate post-void residual urine. The urodynamic demonstrated a hypocompliant bladder and small bladder capacity (190mL) with high detrusor pressure (54 cmH2O). Nonsurgical treatments were attempted, however unsuccessfully. The patient was placed in the exaggerated Trendelenburg position. A four-port transperitoneal technique was used. A segment of ileum approximately 15-20cm was selected and divided with its pedicle. The ileal anastomosis and creation of ileal U-shaped plate were performed laparoscopically, without staplers. Bladder mobilization and longidutinal cystotomy were performed. Enterovesical anastomosis was done with continuous running suture. A suprapubic cystostomy was placed through a 5mm trocar. Results The total operative time was 335 min. The blood loss was minimal. The patient developed ileus in the early days, diet acceptance after the fourth day and was discharged on the seventh postoperative day. The urethral catheter was removed after 2 weeks. At 6-month follow-up, a cystogram showed a significant improvement in bladder capacity. The patient adhered well to clean intermittent self-catheterization and there was no report for febrile infections or worsening of renal function. We did not experience any complication related to the intestinal anastomosis fully prepared intracorporeally. Conclusions Albeit technically challenging, pure laparoscopic enterocystoplasty was feasible and safe. Preparing the enteral anastomosis and the pouch intracoporeally may prolong surgical time and contribute to postoperative ileus. Surgical staplers can assist in the procedure, however they are not essential.

Objective: To quantitatively study the exposure to childhood maltreatment and urban violence in children from families with at least one child working on the streets and to investigate the relationship between these factors and street work. Methods: Families who participated in a nongovernmental organization (NGO) program to eliminate child labor were included. Data concerning sociodemographic characteristics, punishment methods used in the family environment against the children, five types of abuse and neglect perpetrated by the caregivers, urban violence exposure and family functioning were collected. Results: The sample included 126 children who were working on the streets and 65 siblings who were not working on the streets. Caregivers reported high levels of severe physical punishment. The children reported high levels of abuse and neglect, and high levels of urban violence exposure. The families showed a predominance of dysfunctional and unsatisfactory relationships. A multiple logistic regression model showed that age older than 12 years and severe physical punishment at home were associated with street work. Conclusion: Interventions to decrease the risk of child street work should be family-focused and should aim to reduce violence in the family environment.

Foi estudado o LCR de 85 pacientes com AIDS e criptococose do SNC. O diagnóstico clínico e imunológico de AIDS foi previamente estabelecido em todos os casos. Os resultados foram comparados aos de grupo de 50 paciestes com neurocriptococose porém sem AIDS (grupo não-AIDS). Neste grupo 22 pacientes eram imunossuprimidos após transplante renal. Nos pacientes do grupo AIDS predominavam no LCR: detecção da levedura no exame direto (câmara de Fuchs-Rosenthal de contagem de células), culturas da levedura positivas e aumento do teor de globulinas gama. No grupo não-AIDS predominavam: pleocitose, presença de polinucleares neutrófilos e aumento da concentração protéica total. As diferenças encontradas entre os dois grupos são discutidas, salientando-se as modificações imunes induzidas no SNC/LCR pelo HIV. Conclui-se que na neurocriptococose em pacientes com AIDS o LCR evidenciou mais a infecção pelo fungo que a resposta inflamatória à infecção. Esta última predominou no LCR de pacientes do grupo neurocriptococose não-AIDS.

In an eight years time period (July 1984-June 1992) CSF samples of 40718 patients were studied, and 610 were from patients with AIDS clinically diagnosed and immunologically confirmed through HIV antibodies detection. Among opportunistic infections detected in them 85 were CNS cryptococcosis. For the purpose of this study the CSF of these 85 patients are the AIDS group of CNS cryptococcosis. For comparison, CSF data from 50 patients with CNS cryptococcosis but without AIDS were taken (non-AIDS group); in this group, 22 patients were immunosuppressed after renal transplant. In AIDS group, the more frequent CSF findings were: yeast presence at direct exam (Fuchs-Rosenthal cell counting chamber), growing of the yeast in cultures, and gamma globulins increase. In non-AIDS group were more frequent: hypereytosis, neutrophil cells presence, and total protein increase. Differences between the two groups are discussed taking into account CNS/CSF immune changes induced by HIV infection. It is concluded that in CNS cryptococcosis of patients with AIDS the CSF evidenced more extensive signs of the fungal opportunistic infection than signs of inflammatory response to the infection. The latter were more prominent among patients of the non-AIDS group of CNS cryptococcosis.

Neste relato preliminar os autores registram a constatação de alta prevalência de soropositividade para anticorpos dirigidos ao HTLV-I detectados pelo método de Western-blot (37,5%) em amostra de 16 pacientes brasileiros com mielopatias crônicas de causa não determinada.

In this preliminary report the authors present the finding of a high prevalence (37.5%) of seropositivity of antibodies to HTLV-I tested by Western blotting in a sample of 16 Brazilian patients with chronic myelopathies of undetermined origin.

Avaliação dos resultados de estudo prospectivo da evolução de 100 pacientes com neurocisticercose (NC) aos quais foi administrado praziquantel (PZQ). A evolução foi avaliada por mais de dois anos em 63 casos (máximo 118 meses) e levou em conta os aspectos clínicos, da TC e do LCR. Resultados favoráveis predominaram (72,5%), particularmente entre aqueles pacientes nos quais as manifestações clínicas da NC não eram acompanhadas de hipertensão intracraniana de caráter permanente e progressivo. Os resultados obtidos são favoráveis à indicação do PZQ em pacientes com NC.

Evaluation of results observed in a prospective study on the long term follow-up of 100 patients with neurocysticercosis (NC) is reported. Praziquantel (PZQ) was administered to the patients at their admission to the study. Follow-up time was over two years in 63 patients (maximum 118 months). Clinical conditions, TC findings and CSF changes were taken into account for the evaluation. Patients were evaluated periodically during the follow-up. Sactisfatory results predominate (72.5%). Sactisfatory results maintain a close relationship with clinical forms of the disease: good results predominate among those patients with clinical manifestations of NC which are not marked by intracranial hypertension of progressive character. Results of this long term follow-up evaluation favour the administration of PZQ to patients with NC.

Foram estudados 35 casos de neurocriptococose, 17 dos quais em pacientes submetidos a transplante renal. O objetivo foi avaliar a resposta terapêutica observada no grupo de pacientes transplantados renais com neurocriptococose, com ênfase à função renal, submetidos a esquema medicamentoso que inclui a anfotericina B. A resposta observada foi comparada aos resultados obtidos no grupo dos demais pacientes com a mesma infecção, submetidos ao mesmo esquema medicamentoso, porém sem insuficiência renal prévia. Dos 35 pacientes, 10 faleceram nos primeiros dias do tratamento e, assim, 25 foram efetivamente tratados para neurocriptococose. Destes 25, 18 apresentavam outra condição clínica associada, sendo esta transplante renal em 15 deles. Os medicamentos utilizados basicamente foram a anfotericina B intravenosa e intra-raqueana associada à 5-fluorocitosina via oral. Sete pacientes faleceram durante o tratamento. Assim, dos 35 pacientes que inicialmente compunham a casuística, 17 faleceram (48,57%) e 18 foram tratados com sucesso, nenhum deles apresentando recidiva. As intercorrências observadas durante o tratamento são discutidas e é feita correlação dos dados obtidos neste estudo aos disponíveis na literatura. A análise dos resultados obtidos permite ressaltar: a necessidade do surgimento de medicamentos mais eficazes e menos tóxicos para a terapêutica da neurocriptococose, sendo até o momento a anfotericina B o principal medicamento existente; o esquema terapêutico atualmente indicado consiste na associação anfotericina B e 5-fluorocitosina, havendo vantagens na utilização simultânea da anfotericina B pelas vias intravenosa e intra-raqueana. A análise dos resultados permite concluir por não haver contra-indicação ao uso da anfotericina B por via intravenosa em transplantados renais com neurocriptococose.

Thirty-five cases of cryptococcosis of the central nervous system (CNS) were studied, 17 of them submitted to renal transplantation. The objective was to evaluate the therapeutic responses observed in the group of kidney transplant patients with CNS cryptococcosis. They were submitted to amphotericin B therapy, with emphasis to the renal function. The results in this group were compared with the outcome in the group of patients with the same infection, submitted to the same therapeutic scheme, but without previous impairment of renal function. Among the 35 patients, 20 were male; the age varied between 4 and 76 years. Associated clinical conditions were noticed in 25 patients, 17 of them with renal transplantation. Among 35 patients, 10 died in the first days of the treatment; 25 patients were effectively treated for CNS cryptococcosis, 18 of them with associated clinical conditions; 15 were kidney transplant patients. The drugs used in the treatment of CNS cryptococcosis were, as possible, the amphotericin B by intravenous and intrathecal route (lumbar puncture) associated with 5-fluorocytosine. Seven patients died during the treatment; then, of the 35 patients who were initially evaluated, 17 died and 18 were successfully treated, with a death rate of 48.57%. Various intercurrences were observed with the use of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. The clinical and therapeutic results recorded in this study were compared with the information met in literature. The analysis of the results emphasizes the need of the discovery of better and less toxic drugs than those currently used. Amphotericin B still is the most important drug in the treatment of CNS cryptococcosis and the therapeutic scheme currently recommended consists in the association of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine, and there has been also advantage in the simultaneous use of intravenous and intrathecal amphotericin B. Statistical analysis of the results showed that there is no harm with the use of intravenous amphotericin b in renal transplanted patients with cryptococcosis of the central nervous system.

Para avaliar a informação que pode ser obtida mediante o estudo do líquido cefalorraqueano (LCR) em acidentes vasculares cerebrais (AVC) foram analisados os dados de 1500 casos. Três tipos fundamentais de AVC podem ser considerados do ponto de vista do LCR: AVC LCR tipo 1, sem hemácias e sem xantocromia (incolor); AVC LCR tipo 2, sem hemácias e com xantocromia; AVC LCR tipo 3, com hemácias e com xantocromia. Os dados quanto a cada grupo são discutidos bem como suas correlações. O papel de alterações metabólicas sistêmicas, da barreira hêmato-encefálica e do comprometimento do parênquima do sistema nervoso central são discutidos na interpretação dos achados. Considerações finais são feitas quanto à utilidade do estudo do LCR em AVC frente a avanços em outras técnicas de investigação, como as de neuroimagem.

In order to evaluate information on acute stroke through the study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data em 1500 patients were analysed in the first 48 hours following stroke. Cases were distributed in three groups according to CSF basic findings: type 1, CSF without erythrocytes and without xanthochromy; type 2, CSF without erythrocytes and with xanthochromy; tipe 3, CSF with erythrocytes and with xanthocromy. Data on each type are discussed as well as correlation findings. Systemic metabolic disturbances, blood-brain barrier impairment and central nervous system lesions are discussed as to the role they have in CSF changes observed in stroke. Indication of CSF exam in stroke is reviewed taking into account progress in neuroimaging techniques.

Relato da avaliação do emprego do derivado pirazino-isoquinoleínico Praziquantel em 20 pacientes com neurocisticercose observados entre julho-1979 e outubro-1980. É considerado haver atuação do medicamento sobre os cisticercos que infestam o sistema nervoso em função de ocorrer exacerbação transitória da resposta inflamatória própria à síndrome do LCR na neurocisticercose, a qual é coincidente ao uso da droga. Há interferência de corticosteróides nessa resposta, quando utilizados concomitantemente. Os resultados sugerem ser necessário utilizar maiores doses de Praziquantel e/ou maior período de tratamento para obter atuação mais efetiva sobre os parasitas.

The effectiveness of praziquantel on the infestation of the central nervous system by Cysticercus cellulosae is evaluated considering observations of 20 patients followed from July, 1979 and October, 1980. Two series of 6 day oral administration of the drug were scheduled for each patient: 20 mg/kg/day were given to the first 10 patients in the two series and 30 mg/kg/day to the second 10 patients in the two series. Transient exhacerbation of the cerebrospinal fluid changes proper to neurocysticercosis coincidental the series of medication was the mainline to consider the results. Cytologic aspects of this response was previously reported, and the remarkable participation of eosinophil cells was pointed out. It occurred in 15 patients. Corticosteroids interfere both is the intensity and in the type of this response. Data support the action of praziquantel on cysticerci which parasites the central nervous system and suggest the use of larger doses of the drug and/or a larger period of administration to obtain more effective results.