ABSTRACT: The ingestion of aqueous extracts from medicinal plants is frequently used in Mexico to treat various diseases. Retama sphaerocarpa (R. sphaerocarpa) is a medicinal plant. However, there needs to be more information about its toxic potential. For this reason, the present study evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and cytostatic effects of the aqueous extract of R. sphaerocarpa using meristematic cells of Allium sativum (A. Sativum). Root primordia from A. sativum bulblets were exposed for 72 h to 5 g/L or 10 g/L of R. sphaerocarpa aqueous extract. Root length, presence of chromosomal aberrations and mitotic division rate were determined. The results indicate that the aqueous extract of R. sphaerocarpa (5 g/L or 10 g/L) induces cytotoxic, genotoxic, and cytostatic damage predicting its possible toxicity and evidence of possible health risks associated with its consumption.

RESUMEN: En México la ingesta de extractos acuosos obtenidos a partir de plantas medicinales es un elemento frecuentemente utilizado para tratar diversas enfermedades. Existe poca o nula información sobre la evaluación del potencial tóxico de las plantas medicinales. Retama sphaerocarpa (R. sphaerocarpa) es una planta utilizada como una planta medicinal, sin embargo, existe poca información sobre su potencial tóxico. Por tal motivo, en el presente estudio se ha evaluado los efectos citotóxicos, genotóxicos y citostáticos del extracto acuoso de R. sphaerocarpa utilizando las células meristemáticas de Allium sativum (A. sativum). Los primordios radiculares de los bulbillos de A. sativum se expusieron por 72 h a 5 g/L o 10 g/L del extracto acuoso de R. sphaerocarpa, la longitud de raíz, la presencia de aberraciones cromosómicas y el índice de división mitótica fueron determinados. Los resultados indican que el extracto acuso de R. sphaerocarpa (5 g/L o 10 g/L) induce daño citotóxico, genotóxico y citostático indicando su posible toxicidad y evidencia el posible riesgo a la salud asociado a su consumo.

Resumen Introducción: La administración del calostro a través de su absorción a nivel orofaríngeo estimula el tejido linfoide asociado a mucosas, proporcionando una barrera de protección local e inmunológica. Conocer la asociación de la administración de calostro orofaríngeo con la disminución de los índices inflamatorios. Material y métodos: Observacional, ambispectivo, analítico, recién nacidos < 32 semanas de gestación con riesgo de sepsis, se administró calostro orofaríngeo 0.2 ml cada 4 horas durante 5 días. se analizó índices inflamatorios, evolución clínica. Análisis estadístico: frecuencias, porcentajes, media y DS, coeficiente de contingencia y prueba de Kolmogorov Smirnov para la curva de distribución de los datos numéricos. Resultados: Fueron 50 pacientes, 33 (66%) femenino, 17 (34%) masculino, edad gestacional mediana 30-31 semanas (IC 95%), 19 pacientes cursaron con sepsis encontrando menor índice de positividad en la PCR, mediana de 0.5-0.6 (IC 95%) a los 5 días de administración de calostro vs 0.5-1.1 (IC 95%) como PCR inicial, analizando con Chi cuadrada con valor p = 0.13, mediante coeficiente de contingencia con p = 0.196, traduciendo asociación. Conclusión: La calostroterapia se asoció con menor índice de positividad en la PCR; clínicamente hacia la mejoría, en recién nacidos prematuros con riesgo de sepsis.

Abstract Background: The administration of colostrum through its absorption at the oropharyngeal level stimulates the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, providing a local immunological protection barrier. The study aimed to investigate the association of oropharyngeal colostrum administration with the reduction of inflammatory indices. Materials and methods: This was an observational, ambispective, analytical study of newborns < 32 weeks of gestation at risk of sepsis. Oropharyngeal colostrum was administered at 0.2 mL every 4 h for 5 days. Inflammatory indices were analyzed. Statistical analysis included frequencies, percentages, mean and Standard deviation, contingency coefficient, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for the distribution curve of the numerical data. Results: There were 50 patients, 33 (66%) female and 17 (34%) male, with a median gestational age of 30-31 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI]). Nineteen patients had sepsis. A lower positivity rate in C-reactive protein was found, with a median of 0.5-0.6 (95% CI) at 5 days of colostrum administration versus 0.5-1.1 (95% CI) as the initial C-reactive protein. Analysis with χ2 yielded a p = 0.13, and the contingency coefficient showed a p = 0.196, indicating an association. Conclusion: Oropharyngeal colostrum administration was associated with a lower C-reactive protein positivity rate and clinical improvement in premature newborns at risk of sepsis.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la estimulación táctil sobre el comportamiento, indicadores fisiológicos y desempeño en potrillos Pura Sangre Inglés. El experimento se desarrolló en el Haras Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panamá, con 33 animales con peso similar y distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres tratamientos. Control (CON; n=13); estimulación táctil (TS; n=10); estimulación táctil y habituación al manejo durante 8 días consecutivos (TS+HAB; n=10). La TS se realizó a las 12 h del nacimiento, masajeando el cuerpo del animal durante 45 min. La habituación al manejo comenzó al día siguiente de la TS, por 15 min. El comportamiento se evaluó mediante la distancia de fuga y la reactividad al contener a los potros para el manejo durante intervenciones veterinarias, utilizando una escala de 5 puntos (1-5). Además, se determinó la frecuencia cardíaca y respiratoria y la ganancia diaria de peso al primer y quinto mes de vida. El análisis se realizó utilizando modelos lineales mixtos o pruebas no paramétricas. La distancia de fuga no difirió entre tratamientos (p>0.05). Los animales TS+HAB mostraron una menor reactividad durante la contención en los dos momentos en comparación a CON (p<0.05). La frecuencia respiratoria solamente difirió entre TS+HAB y CON al primer momento (p<0.05). Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas en la ganancia diaria de peso entre tratamientos (p>0.05). Se concluye que los potrillos que recibieron estimulación táctil y habituación al manejo durante 8 días consecutivos (TS+HAB) tuvieron menor reactividad de forma consistente a lo largo de los momentos evaluados y una frecuencia respiratoria más baja al mes de vida.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tactile stimulation on the behaviour, physiological indicators, and performance of Thoroughbred foals. The experiment was conducted at Haras Cerro Punta, Chiriqui, Panama. Thirty-three foals with homogeneous weights were randomly assigned to three treatments: control (CON; n = 13), tactile stimulation (TS; n = 10), and tactile stimulation plus habituation to handling for 8 consecutive days (TS + HAB; n = 10). Tactile stimulation was performed 12 h after birth by massaging the entire body of the newborn for 45 min. Habituation to handling started the day after touch stimulation, 15 min per day for 8 consecutive days. Behaviour was assessed using escape distance and reactivity to containment during veterinary interventions on a 5-point scale (1-5). In addition, heart and respiratory rates and daily weight gain were determined in the first and fifth months of age. Analysis was performed using linear mixed or nonparametric tests. The escape distance did not differ between treatments (p>0.05). TS+HAB animals showed lower reactivity during restraint at both times compared to CON (p<0.05). The respiratory rate only differed between TS+HAB and CON at the first moment (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in daily weight gain between the treatments (p>0.05). It was concluded that the foals that received tactile stimulation and habituation to handling for eight consecutive days (TS + HAB) had consistently lower reactivity throughout the evaluated moments and a lower respiratory rate at one month of age.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the hydric status and serum cortisol concentration in horses during two cultural horseback rides in the municipalities of Granada and Acacías in the department of Meta (Colombia). For this, 88 animals were selected at convenience (44 per ride), taking blood samples 1 h before starting the ride (T0) and 15 min after finishing the ride (T1). In addition, a clinical examination was conducted to determine their hydric status (humidity of the mucous membranes, capillary refill time, skin turgor and eyeball retraction). In the blood test, micro haematocrit, total serum proteins and cortisol concentration were determined. The results of the variables between the two times were compared with the Shapiro Wilks and Wilcoxon tests. The Spearman test determined the correlations between age and sex with serum cortisol. There were no significant differences between the hydric status and the times evaluated; however, micro haematocrit, total serum proteins and cortisol presented lower values at T0 (p<0.001). On the other hand, no significant correlations were found between serum cortisol concentration with age and sex. The results suggest that cultural horseback riding is a stressful activity for the animal, determined by the significant increase in serum cortisol, with a tendency toward haemoconcentration that emphasizes the importance of correct hydration of horses before, during and after these events.

RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar el estatus hídrico y la concentración de cortisol sérico en equinos durante dos cabalgatas culturales en los municipios de Granada y Acacías del departamento del Meta (Colombia). Se seleccionaron 88 animales a conveniencia (44 por cabalgata), tomando muestras de sangre 1 h antes de iniciar la cabalgata (T0) y 15 min después de terminar la cabalgata (T1), además de un examen clínico para determinar su estatus hídrico (humedad de las mucosas, tiempo de llenado capilar, turgencia de la piel y la retracción del globo ocular). En el análisis de sangre se determinó el micro hematocrito, proteínas séricas totales y concentración de cortisol. Los resultados de las variables entre los dos tiempos se compararon con las pruebas de Shapiro Wilks y de Wilcoxon. La prueba de Spearman determinó las correlaciones entre edad y sexo con el cortisol sérico. No hubo diferencias significativas entre el estatus hídrico con los tiempos evaluados; sin embargo, el micro hematocrito, proteínas séricas totales y cortisol presentaron valores menores en T0 (p<0.001). Por otro lado, no se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la concentración sérica de cortisol con la edad y el sexo. Los resultados sugieren que las cabalgatas culturales son una actividad estresante para el animal, determinada por el incremento significativo de cortisol sérico, habiendo una tendencia a la hemoconcentración que recalca la importancia de la correcta hidratación de los equinos antes, durante y después de estos eventos de exigencia física.

RESUMO: A alta dependência da agricultura por fertilizantes demanda um aprimoramento nos processos envolvidos, tendo como propósito a sustentabilidade ambiental e econômica. Objetivou-se comparar o desempenho de mecanismos dosadores helicoidais, com duas formulações de fertilizantes granulados em três velocidades operacionais. Na realização do experimento, utilizou-se bancada eletrônica e automatizada, com a qual se avaliou o desempenho dos mecanismos dosadores helicoidal simples e helicoidal duplo por transbordo, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com duas formulações de fertilizantes NPK granulados (04-14-08 e 04-30-10), em razão de diferentes velocidades angulares (1.11, 1.94, e 2.77 m s-1). Durante os testes, coletaram-se dados de vazão que foram submetidos à estatística descritiva, histogramas de frequência e ao controle estatístico de processo. O dosador helicoidal simples, conforme o aumento da velocidade, exibiu maior homogeneidade de deposição de fertilizante granulado, com 611 falhas ha-1 em relação a 3.763 falhas ha-1 do helicoidal duplo. Apesar de que as velocidades de 7,0 e 10,0 km h-1 geraram um aumento da vazão de ambos os fertilizantes granulados, conforme esperado, o fertilizante 04-30-10 obteve a distribuição mais uniforme na menor velocidade. RESUMO envolvidos econômica Objetivouse Objetivou helicoidais operacionais experimento utilizouse utilizou automatizada transbordo casualizado 041408 04 14 08 (04-14-0 043010, 043010 30 10 , 04-30-10) 1.11, 111 1 11 (1.11 194 94 1.94 277 2 77 2.7 s1. s1 s . s-1) testes coletaramse coletaram descritiva processo velocidade granulado 61 ha1 ha ha- 3763 3 763 3.76 70 7 0 7, 100 10, h1 h h- esperado 04-30-1 04140 (04-14- 04301 1.11 (1.1 19 9 1.9 27 2. s-1 6 376 76 3.7 04-30- 0414 (04-14 0430 1.1 (1. 1. s- 37 3. 04-30 041 (04-1 043 (1 04-3 (04- ( 04- (04 (0

ABSTRACT: The high dependence of agriculture on fertilizers demands an improvement in the processes involved, with the purpose of environmental and economic sustainability. The objective was to compare the performance of helical dosing mechanisms with two formulations of granulated NPK fertilizers at three operating speeds. During the experiment, we used an electronic and automated bench to evaluate the performance of the single helical and double helical dosing mechanisms, in a completely randomized design. This bench measured the overflow of the two formulations of granulated NPK fertilizers (04-14-08 and 04-30-10) under different angular velocities (1.11; 1.94; and 2.77 m s-1). On the tests, we collected flow data and submitted them to descriptive statistics, frequency histograms, and statistical process control. The single helical feeder, as the speed increased, exhibited greater homogeneity of granulated NPK fertilizer deposition, with 611 flaws ha-1 compared to 3763 flaws ha-1 in the double screw. Although, the speeds of 7.0 and 10.0 km h-1 generated an increase in the flow of both granular fertilizers, as expected, the 04-30-10 fertilizer obtained the most uniform distribution at the lowest speed. ABSTRACT involved sustainability experiment design 041408 04 14 08 (04-14-0 043010 30 10 1.11 111 1 11 (1.11 1.94 194 94 277 2 77 2.7 s1. s1 s . s-1) tests statistics histograms control feeder increased deposition 61 ha1 ha ha- 376 screw Although 70 7 0 7. 100 10. h1 h h- expected 04-30-1 04140 (04-14- 04301 3 1.1 (1.1 1.9 19 9 27 2. s-1 6 37 04-30- 0414 (04-14 0430 1. (1. s- 04-30 041 (04-1 043 (1 04-3 (04- ( 04- (04 (0

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thermogenic supplementation on the bone tissue of rats subjected to orthodontic movement. A total of 38 male Wistar rats underwent orthodontic movement of the left permanent maxillary first molars for 21 days. The rats were assigned to three groups: Control group: water; Thermogenic 1: C4 Beta Pump thermogenic; or Thermogenic 2: PRE-HD/Pre-workout. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to investigate the dynamic changes in the microstructure of alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Histopathologic analysis was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, whereas tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was employed for osteoclast count. Maxillary tissue was collected and evaluated by immunohistochemistry for receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The Thermogenic 2 group exhibited a significantly lower percentage of bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (68.21% ± 17.70%) compared to the control (86.84% + 12.91%) and Thermogenic 1 groups (86.84% + 15.94%) (p < 0.05). The control group had a significantly higher mean orthodontic movement in the mesial direction (0.2143 mm + 0.1513 mm) than the Thermogenic 2 group (0.0420 mm + 0.05215 mm) (p < 0.05). The Thermogenic 2 and Thermogenic 1 groups showed a stronger immunostaining for RANKL when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The supplementation used in the Thermogenic 2 group (PRE-HD/Pre-workout) induced alveolar bone loss in rats subjected to orthodontic movement, which can be related to the regulation of the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway. This suggests the influence of thermogenic supplements on bone metabolism seems to depend on their composition. 3 days water C PREHD/Preworkout. PREHDPreworkout PRE HD/Pre workout. HD Pre workout PRE-HD/Pre-workout Microcomputed Micro computed microCT micro CT (micro-CT H&E HE H E (H&E staining tartrateresistant tartrate resistant TRAP (TRAP count NFκB NF κB RANK, RANK , (RANK) RANKL, (RANKL) OPG. OPG . (OPG) BV/TV BVTV BV TV (BV/TV 68.21% 6821 68 (68.21 17.70% 1770 17 70 86.84% 8684 86 84 (86.84 12.91% 1291 12 91 15.94% 1594 15 94 p 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) 0.2143 02143 2143 (0.214 01513 1513 0.151 0.0420 00420 0420 (0.042 005215 05215 0.0521 PREHD/Preworkout (PRE-HD/Pre-workout RANKRANKLOPG pathway composition PREHD Preworkout HDPre (RANK (RANKL (OPG 68.21 682 6 (68.2 17.70 177 7 86.84 868 8 (86.8 12.91 129 9 15.94 159 00 0.0 0.214 0214 214 (0.21 0151 151 0.15 0.042 0042 042 (0.04 00521 0521 0.052 68.2 (68. 17.7 86.8 (86. 12.9 15.9 0. 0.21 021 (0.2 015 0.1 0.04 004 04 (0.0 0052 052 68. (68 17. 86. (86 12. 15. 0.2 02 (0. 01 (6 (8 (0 (

Abstract Background We recently reported that upregulation of Musashi 2 (MSI2) protein in the rare neuromuscular disease myotonic dystrophy type 1 contributes to the hyperactivation of the muscle catabolic processes autophagy and UPS through a reduction in miR-7 levels. Because oleic acid (OA) is a known allosteric regulator of MSI2 activity in the biogenesis of miR-7, here we sought to evaluate endogenous levels of this fatty acid and its therapeutic potential in rescuing cell differentiation phenotypes in vitro. In this work, four muscle cell lines derived from DM1 patients were treated with OA for 24 h, and autophagy and muscle differentiation parameters were analyzed. Results We demonstrate a reduction of OA levels in different cell models of the disease. OA supplementation rescued disease-related phenotypes such as fusion index, myotube diameter, and repressed autophagy. This involved inhibiting MSI2 regulation of direct molecular target miR-7 since OA isoschizomer, elaidic acid (EA) could not cause the same rescues. Reduction of OA levels seems to stem from impaired biogenesis since levels of the enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), responsible for converting stearic acid to oleic acid, are decreased in DM1 and correlate with OA amounts. Conclusions For the first time in DM1, we describe a fatty acid metabolism impairment that originated, at least in part, from a decrease in SCD1. Because OA allosterically inhibits MSI2 binding to molecular targets, reduced OA levels synergize with the overexpression of MSI2 and contribute to the MSI2 > miR-7 > autophagy axis that we proposed to explain the muscle atrophy phenotype.

BACKGROUND Herpesviruses are common co-pathogens in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) enhances HIV-1 replication and has evolved mechanisms to evade or disrupt host innate immune responses, including interference with interferon (IFN) signalling pathways. OBJECTIVES The aimed of this work was evaluated whether it HSV1 affects HIV-1 replication through the modulation of the IFN pathway in human macrophages. METHODS Co-infections with HSV1 and HIV-1 were performed in monocyte-derived human macrophages (hMDMs). The production of infectious HIV-1 and HSV-1 was monitored 48 h post-coinfection. Additionally, mRNA and protein expression levels of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were evaluated in both HIV-1-HSV1 coinfections and HSV1 mono-infections. FINDINGS The HSV1 coinfection increasing the HIV-1 productive replication, following of downregulation of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) and interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) expression in hMDMs. Acyclovir treatment, in a dose-dependent manner, mitigated HSV1’s ability to decrease IFITM3 levels. Knockdown of HSV1 Us11 and virion host shutoff (VHS) genes reactivated the IFN pathway, evidenced by restored IFITM3 expression and activation of eIF2-α and PKR. This knockdown also returned HIV-1 replication to baseline levels. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that HSV1 increases HIV-1 replication in human macrophages is associated with the downregulating interferon pathways and ISGs expression. copathogens co pathogens HIV. HIV . (HIV) HSV (HSV1 HIV1 HIV- responses (IFN Coinfections Co infections monocytederived monocyte derived hMDMs (hMDMs) HSV- 4 postcoinfection. postcoinfection post coinfection. post-coinfection Additionally interferonstimulated stimulated (ISGs HIV1HSV1 HIVHSV HIV-1-HSV monoinfections. monoinfections mono infections. mono-infections interferonalpha alpha IFNα α (IFN-α interferoninduced induced IFITM (IFITM3 treatment dosedependent dose dependent manner HSV1s HSVs s Us Us1 VHS (VHS eIF2α eIFα eIF2 eIF PKR (HIV (HSV (hMDMs HIV1HSV (IFITM

Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic led to massive use of personal protective equipment (PPE). However, evidence on the frequency of appropriate use is sparse. In this study, we evaluated the level of knowledge about COVID-19 and biosafety measures, and the frequency of correct use of masks in workers at a university in Lima, Peru. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in a population of 109 workers of a private university who were physically onsite. We used a structured questionnaire to measure knowledge of COVID-19, together with use of and training in PPE. In addition, we explored factors associated with the correct use of masks and an adequate level of knowledge about COVID-19 and related biosafety measures. Results were expressed as prevalence, using student’s T-test and Pearson chi-square tests. Results: We evaluated 82 workers, 35.4% of whom showed an adequate level of knowledge about COVID-19 and biosafety measures. Younger participants and those who regularly washed their hands at work had an adequate level of knowledge, with 90.2% of these reporting correct use of their masks. Workers in general service areas or with a low level of education reported less frequent correct use of their mask compared to those who did not have these characteristics. Conclusion: We found a low level of knowledge about COVID-19 and biosafety measures among the workers of a private university; a higher level of education was associated with a greater prevalence of correct mask use. Training programs by work areas are needed, to improve biosafety practices among workers.

Resumen Introducción: La pandemia por la COVID-19 llevó al uso masivo de equipos de protección individual (EPI). Sin embargo, la evidencia sobre la frecuencia de su uso adecuado es escasa. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la COVID-19 y medidas de bioseguridad, y la frecuencia de uso correcto de mascarilla en los trabajadores de una universidad en Lima, Perú, durante la pandemia. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en los 109 trabajadores de una universidad privada que se encontraban en modalidad presencial entre junio y septiembre 2021. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado sobre el conocimiento sobre la COVID-19, uso y capacitación en EPI, y posibles factores asociados al uso correcto de la mascarilla. Se estimaron las prevalencias del nivel de conocimiento y uso correcto de EPIs, y los factores asociados mediante la T student y Chi-2 de Pearson. Resultados: Participaron en total 82 trabajadores (75%). El 35% mostró un adecuado nivel de conocimiento sobre la COVID-19 y medidas de bioseguridad. Los más jóvenes y los que se lavaban las manos en el trabajo mostraron un mayor conocimiento, refiriendo el 90% utilizar correctamente su mascarilla. Los trabajadores de áreas de servicios generales o con bajo nivel de educación refirieron un menor uso correcto de su mascarilla. Conclusión: El nivel de conocimiento sobre la COVID-19 y las medidas de bioseguridad entre los trabajadores de una universidad privada fue bajo y el nivel de educación se mostró inversamente asociado al uso correcto de mascarilla. Es necesario implementar programas de capacitación por áreas de trabajo para mejorar las prácticas de bioseguridad en los trabajadores.

Abstract Objectives: mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are characterized by their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive activity, and their ability to differentiate. This makes them an interesting therapeutic tool in cell therapy and regenerative medicine. In part, the therapeutic effect of MSC is mediated by the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EV). The preconditioning of MSC in hypoxia can enhance the regenerative capacity of the secreted EV. In this context, the aim of the study was to evaluate whether EV derived from human MSC cultured in normoxic and hypoxic conditions affect the osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of MSC. Material and methods: EV were isolated from MSC maintained for 48 hours in normoxic or hypoxic conditions (3 % O2) using ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography. The EV were characterized by Western blot, electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. In MSC cultures, the effect of the EV on viability was evaluated using an MTT assay, migration was assessed with the Oris assay while differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes was also studied. Results: the EV increased viability and migration, but no differences were seen between those derived from normoxic and hypoxic culture conditions. The EV, mainly those derived from hypoxia, increased both mineralization, and the expression of osteoblastic genes. However, they did not affect adipogenesis significantly. Conclusions: the EV derived from MSC in hypoxia do not affect adipogenesis but have a greater ability to induce osteoblastogenesis. Therefore, they could potentially be used in bone regeneration therapies and treatments for bone conditions like osteoporosis.

Resumen Objetivos: las células madre mesenquimales (MSC) se caracterizan por su actividad antiinflamatoria, inmunosupresora y su capacidad de diferenciación. Esto las convierten en una interesante herramienta terapéutica en terapia celular y medicina regenerativa. En parte, el efecto terapéutico de las MSC, está mediado por la secreción de vesículas extracelulares (EV). El precondicionamiento en hipoxia de las MSC puede mejorar la capacidad regenerativa de las EV secretadas. En este contexto, el objetivo del estudio ha sido evaluar si EV derivadas de MSC humanas cultivadas en hipoxia y normoxia afectan a la osteoblastogénesis y adipogénesis de las MSC. Material y métodos: se aislaron EV de MSC mantenidas 48 h en normoxia o hipoxia (3 % O2) mediante ultrafiltración y cromatografía de exclusión por tamaño. Las EV fueron caracterizadas por “Western blot”, microscopía electrónica y análisis de seguimiento de nanopartículas. En cultivos de MSC se evaluó el efecto de las EV sobre la viabilidad por ensayo con MTT, la migración por “Oris assay” y la diferenciación a osteoblastos y adipocitos. Resultados: las EV aumentaron la viabilidad y migración, pero no hubo diferencias entre las derivadas de normoxia e hipoxia. Las EV, principalmente las derivadas de hipoxia, aumentaron la mineralización y la expresión de genes osteoblásticos. Sin embargo, no afectaron significativamente a la adipogénesis. Conclusiones: las EV derivadas de MSC en hipoxia no afectan a la adipogénesis, pero tienen una mayor capacidad de inducir la osteoblastogénesis. Por lo tanto, podrían potencialmente ser utilizadas en terapias de regeneración ósea y tratamientos de patologías óseas como la osteoporosis.

Resumen Introducción. Orius insidiosus es un insecto omnívoro con estrategia de oviposición endófita, con preferencia de oviposición en plantas que garanticen refugio y alimento. Objetivo. Evaluar tres especies vegetales como sitio de oviposición de O. insidiosus en Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae), Ipomoea batata (Convolvulaceae) y Portulaca oleracea (Portulacaceae). Materiales y métodos. El trabajo se realizó en el 2020, en el Centro de Investigación y Reproducción de Controladores Biológicos de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua. Se usaron esquejes de 15 cm de longitud de tres plantas para hembras de O. insidiosus como sustratos de oviposición: Portulaca oleracea L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., y Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. La unidad experimental (n= 90) consistió en esquejes tiernos de 15 cm de longitud, colocados de forma individual en tazas de polietileno, con treinta repeticiones por tratamiento, mediante la técnica de no elección. En cada esqueje se colocó una pareja de O. insidiosus. Cada 24 h se inspeccionaron los esquejes para contabilizar las posturas de huevos. Luego, los esquejes se removieron y revisaron durante cinco días para contabilizar la eclosión de las ninfas, se determinó el peso final del esqueje. Resultados. En los esquejes de P. oleracea se observaron los valores de postura más altos con 5,90 huevos/día por esqueje, seguido por L. batatas con 4,10 huevos/día y por último, P. vulgaris con 2,13 huevos/día. Se evidenció una variabilidad en la postura según el peso inicial y final. Los valores de eclosión fueron menores referentes a los de postura, P. oleracea obtuvo el mayor promedio de eclosión con cuatro individuos seguido por I. batatas con 1,5 y P. vulgaris con 0,8. Conclusiones. P. oleracea presentó mejor preferencia para O. insidiosus con respecto a postura de huevo y eclosión de ninfa. Podría validarse en campo como una estrategia de control biológico.

Abstract Introduction. Orius insidiosus is an omnivorous insect with an endophytic oviposition strategy, with a preference for oviposition on plants that guarantee shelter and food. Objective. To evaluate three plant species as oviposition sites for O. insidiosus on Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae), Ipomoea batata (Convolvulaceae) and Portulaca oleracea (Portulacaceae). Materials and methods. The work was carried out in 2020, at the Center for Research and Reproduction of Biological Controllers of the Universidad Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua, León. Cutting 15-cm-long from three plants for O. insidiosus females were used as oviposition substrates: Portulaca oleracea L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., and Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. The experimental unit (n= 90) consisted of 15 cm long tender cuttings, individually placed in polyethylene cups using thirty replicates per treatment, using the no-choice technique. One pair of O. insidiosus was placed on each cutting. Every 24 h the cuttings were inspected to count the egg laying. Subsequently, the cuttings were removed and checked for five days to count nymphs hatching, and the final weight of the cutting was determined. Results. The highest laying values in P. oleracea cuttings with 5.90 eggs/day per cutting, followed by I. batatas with 4.10 eggs/day, and finally P. vulgaris with 2.13 eggs/day. There was evidence of variability in the posture according to the initial and final weight. The hatching values were lower than those of laying, P. oleracea had the highest hatching average with 4 individuals, followed by I. batatas with 1.5, and P. vulgaris with 0.8. Conclusions. P. oleracea showed a better preference for O. insidiosus regarding egg laying and nymph hatching. It could be validated in the field as a biological control strategy.

Abstract This paper presents preliminary results of D y 2 C O 3 3 → D y 2 O 3 transition have been successfully obtained by Chemical Bath Deposition technical and subsequent thermal annealing temperature at ∼ 60 0 ∘ C. Two different temperatures of ∼ 2 0 ∘ C and ∼ 9 0 ∘ C ± 2 ∘ C are chosen to carry out the nanocrystalline growth. The crystalline phase is investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and some optical properties; Transmittance, Reflectivity, Normalized Absorbance, real (n) and imaginary (k) parts refractive index. The crystalline phase of these inorganic nanomaterials for D y 2 C O 3 3 is orthorhombic phase, while for D y 2 O 3 it is cubic. Grain size average values located at ranged 2.8 - 3.4 n m for D y 2 C O 3 3 and ∼ 6.5 - 9.6 n m for D y 2 O 3. Vibrational modes are identified by Raman spectroscopy, modes at ∼ 150 - 1800 c m - 1 frequency range assigned to internal vibrations of C O 3 2 - ion: v 1 - - symmetric stretching ∼ 1098 c m - 1 V 3-asymmetric - C - O stretching situated at ∼ 1063 c m - 1, were observed corresponding to orthorhombic crystalline phase. The F g + A g and A 1 g modes, corresponding to cubic phase D y 2 O 3. Absorption measurement were assigned to the transitions from ground state 6 H 15 / 2 ) to different excited states such as 4 I 13 / 2 → 4 F 7 / 2 , 4 I 15 / 2 , 6 F 3 / 2 , 6 F 5 / 2 , 6 F 7 / 2 → 6 H 5 / 2 , 6 F 9 / 2 → 6 H 7 / 2 , 6 F 11 / 2 → 6 H 9 / 2 and 6 H 11 / 2 of D y 3 + cation. Tauc’s plot reveals band gap situated at range ∼ 4.66 - 5.17 e V for D y 2 C O 3 3 and ∼ 4.26 - 4.80 e V for D y 2 O 3 respectively.

Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) is prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition (green chemistry) technique at ~ 80.0 ± 2oC temperature. This manuscript continues with previous research examining the Photoluminiecence spectra situated at UV-Vis-egion. In this investigation, three different molar concentrations of the progenitor reagent containing the Zn2+ cation are chosen in order to find the optimal conditions for crystal growth and determine the influence of this parameter on crystal growth. The average grain size and lattice strain using Scherrer’s equation and Williamson-Hall ( W - H ) method are discussed. The normalized absorbance situated at UV-region, electronic transitions located at ~ 239 nm (~ 5.18eV) and ~ 283 nm (~ 4.38eV) associated with quantum confinement are appreciated. We consider that the inorganic nanomaterial has native defects and the strain is caused by point defects (vacancies and interstices). According to emission bands situated at Vis-region by means of Photoluminescence spectroscopic technique, green (GE) and yellow emission (YE) bands are discussed, which are associated with native defects. The Photoluminescence dependence with the trap density and the surface recombination velocity in the light of the Maxwell-Boltzmann theoretical model (MBM) results associated with the electronic transitions related to the native defects situated at Vis-region are investigated. The trap density c m - 3 of nanocrystals located at range ~ 8.9 — 9.9 × 1023. An approximate theoretical-experimental the kinetic model is shown, considering that the coordination complex ion is a key parameter in the crystal growth of Z n O nanocrystals. The optimized geometry of Z n N H 3 4 2 + molecule was obtained with the DFT method using the functional of H-GGA B3LYP.

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. This fact, in addition to the role of Scopus as a high-quality bibliometric data source, Cuba’s privileged position among Latin American countries in terms of neuroscientific output, and the absence of bibliometric studies on Parkinson’s disease in this context motivated the present study. Objective: To evaluate the productivity, collaboration, and impact of Cuban scientific research on Parkinson’s disease indexed in Scopus between 2012 and 2021. Methods: A descriptive bibliometric study was performed on 84 articles that had at least one author with a Cuban institutional affiliation. Indicators of productivity, collaboration and impact were used. Results: The highest output corresponded to the journals Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences (5 documents each). Parkinsonism and Related Disorders led in terms of number of citations (NC = 201) and average number of citations per paper (ANC = 67). The year with the highest productivity was 2019 (Ndoc = 13). Articles represented 69 % of the documents. Of the 11 most productive authors, 6 were major producers and only one of them is Cuban. The top funding sponsor was Medicinska Forskningsrådet. The Subramanyan’s index was 98,8. The top contributing country was Spain (Ndoc = 25). International collaboration was the most common (79,8 %). The publications reached 1 592 citations. The h-index was 22. Conclusions: The scientific output was scarce, tended to be in quantitative decline, had few major Cuban producers, presented a high rate of international collaboration, and achieved a notable scientific impact.

Introducción: la enfermedad de Parkinson es la segunda enfermedad neurodegenerativa más frecuente en el mundo. Este hecho, sumado al papel de Scopus como fuente de datos bibliométricos de alta calidad, la posición privilegiada de Cuba entre los países latinoamericanos en cuanto a producción neurocientífica, y la ausencia de estudios bibliométricos sobre la enfermedad de Parkinson en este contexto motivaron el presente estudio. Objetivo: evaluar la productividad, colaboración e impacto de las investigaciones científicas cubanas sobre la enfermedad de Parkinson indexadas en Scopus entre 2012 y 2021. Métodos: se realizó un estudio bibliométrico descriptivo de 84 artículos que tenían al menos un autor con afiliación institucional cubana. Se utilizaron indicadores de productividad, colaboración e impacto. Resultados: la mayor producción correspondió a las revistas Neuroscience y Behavioral Sciences (5 documentos cada una). Parkinsonism and Related Disorders lideró en número de citas (NC = 201) y promedio de citas por documento (NCP = 67). El año con mayor productividad fue 2019 (Ndoc = 13). Los artículos originales representaron el 69 % de los documentos. De los 11 autores más productivos, 6 fueron grandes productores y solo uno de ellos es cubano. El principal patrocinador de financiación fue Medicinska Forskningsrådet. El índice de Subramanyan fue de 98,8. El principal país contribuyente fue España (Ndoc = 25). La colaboración internacional fue la más frecuente (79,8 %). Las publicaciones alcanzaron 1 592 citas. El índice h fue de 22. Conclusiones: la producción científica fue escasa, tendió a la disminución cuantitativa, tuvo pocos grandes productores cubanos, presentó una alta tasa de colaboración internacional y alcanzó un notable impacto científico.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas e os diferentes fenótipos de crianças com síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica na criança temporalmente relacionada com a COVID-19 (do inglês multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children — MIS-C) e avaliar as condições de risco que favorecem a maior gravidade da doença durante um período de 12 meses em um hospital pediátrico de referência na Colômbia. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 12 meses de observação de crianças menores de 18 anos que cumprem os critérios para o MIS-C. Resultados: Vinte e oito crianças foram apresentadas com os critérios do MIS-C. A idade média era de sete anos, e 54% eram do sexo masculino. Para além da febre (100%) (com início quatro dias antes da admissão), as características clínicas mais frequentes eram gastrointestinais (86%) e mucocutâneas (61%). Quatorze crianças (50%) apresentavam sintomas semelhantes aos de Kawasaki. As anomalias ecocardiográficas mais frequentes foram derrame pericárdico (64%), envolvimento valvar (68%), disfunção ventricular (39%) e anomalias coronárias (29%). Tinham linfopenia 75% das crianças. Todas tinham algum teste de coagulação anormal. A maioria recebeu imunoglobulina intravenosa (89%), glucocorticoides (82%), vasopressores (54%) e antibióticos (64%). Tiveram envolvimento mais grave 61% dos pacientes, que precisaram ser internados em unidade de terapia intensiva (mediana de quatro dias, média de seis dias); os preditores de gravidade foram pacientes com fenótipo inflamatório/ MIS-C (odds ratio — OR 26,5; intervalo de confiança — IC95% 1,4–503,7; p=0,029) e erupção cutânea (OR 14,7; IC95% 1,2–178,7; p=0,034). Dois pacientes (7%) apresentavam síndrome de ativação macrofágica. Conclusões: Alteração da artéria coronária, disfunção ventricular e internação na unidade de terapia intensiva foram frequentes, o que nos alerta sobre a importância da suspeita clínica precoce.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and the different phenotypes of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporally related to COVID-19 and to evaluate the risk conditions that favored a greater severity of the disease during a 12-month period at a pediatric reference hospital in Colombia. Methods: A 12-month retrospective observational study of children under the age of 18 years who met criteria for MIS-C. Results: A total of 28 children presented MIS-C criteria. The median age was 7 years. Other than fever (100%) (onset 4 days prior to admission), the most frequent clinical features were gastrointestinal (86%) and mucocutaneous (61%). Notably, 14 (50%) children had Kawasaki-like symptoms. The most frequent echocardiographic abnormalities were pericardial effusion (64%), valvular involvement (68%), ventricular dysfunction (39%), and coronary artery abnormalities (29%). In addition, 75% had lymphopenia. All had at least one abnormal coagulation test. Most received intravenous immunoglobulin (89%), glucocorticoids (82%), vasopressors (54%), and antibiotics (64%). Notably, 61% had a more severe form of the disease and were admitted to an intensive care unit (median 4 days, mean 6 days); the severity predictors were patients with the inflammatory/MIS-C phenotype (OR 26.5; 95%CI 1.40–503.7; p=0.029) and rash (OR 14.7; 95%CI 1.2–178.7; p=0.034). Two patients had macrophage activation syndrome. Conclusions: Coronary artery abnormalities, ventricular dysfunction, and intensive care unit admission were frequent, which needs to highlight the importance of early clinical suspicion.