Abstract To produce pitaya (Hylocereus spp.), it is essential that pollination occur, either artificially or by pollinating agents. This study evaluated the viability of self-pollination, cross-pollination, and natural pollination, as well as pollen viability, stigma receptivity and ideal pollination window in pitaya flowers (Hylocereus spp.). An experiment was conducted with a randomized block design consisting of four treatments: T1: manual self-pollination; T2: nocturnal open pollination; T3: diurnal open pollination; and T4: manual cross-pollination - red-fleshed pitaya [ Hylocereus polyrhizus] pollen placed on white-fleshed pitaya [ Hylocereus undatus] stigma. The experiment had four replicates, with two plants per replicate (two flowers per plant), totaling 16 flowers per treatment. The analyzed variables were fruit weight, length, diameter, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, and SS/TA ratio; the germination percentage of pollen grains; and the receptivity of stigmas. Artificial pollination (self- and cross-pollination) of white-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is viable, resulting in larger fruits than natural pollination, with cross-pollination being the most recommended. Throughout the floral opening period, the pitaya flower (Hylocereus spp.) has receptive stigma capable of receiving pollen. The flowers exhibit the highest pollen germination rate at 7 p.m, which is the ideal pollination window for pitaya.

Abstract This work presents the results of a device, MilkTech, developed to detect milk tampering, based on electrical measurements. The device indicates possible frauds by water, sodium chloride, caustic soda, ethyl alcohol and sodium bicarbonate. The advantages in relation to traditional methods are portability, low cost and detection of mixed frauds. The experiments were conducted in dairy plants at Governador Valadares, in Brazil. The results were compared with cryoscopy and chloride tests. It is demonstrated there is high correlation between MilkTech and Cryoscopy. For instance, the detection limit of the equipment for water addition with the set of analyzed data was 0.78% with precision of 1.1%. Adulterations with sodium chloride, caustic soda, ethyl alcohol and sodium bicarbonate are detected qualitatively, even when added with water, and MilkTech indicates “SUSPECT” milk.

Abstract Genetic resistance to Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) is polygenic, which hinders the obtainment of resistant cultivars. However, works carried out at the International Potato Center have identified an andigena accession, LOP-868, with high resistance level and low accumulation of PLRV due to the gene of major effect Rladg. We verify the transfer of the Rladg allele to clones of the cross between LOP-868 and UFLA clones, by using the SCAR RGASC850 molecular marker; to evaluate the reaction of these clones to PLRV by inoculating the virus using aphids; and to analyze their agronomic performance of clones. Among the clones inoculated with viruliferous aphids, 49.3% were negative to the serological test, indicating possible resistance. Clones containing the Rladg allele were identified by the RGASC850 molecular marker, which demonstrates the possibility of transferring the Rladg allele of resistance to PLRV from LOP-868 to Solanum tuberosum. Some clones that presented the Rladg allele are also promising for agronomic performance.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da seleção de famílias de batata nas gerações precoces para tolerância ao calor. Foram avaliadas 30 famílias na geração seedling (SG), primeira geração clonal (FCG) em campo e casa de vegetação sob condições de temperaturas elevadas e segunda geração clonal (SCG) sob temperaturas amenas e obtidas as médias das famílias em cada geração. Foram selecionadas 16 famílias mais produtivas na FCG e os clones dessas famílias foram avaliados em experimentos nas safras de inverno e "das águas". Os resultados mostraram que a seleção de famílias para formato de tubérculos pode ser aplicada desde a SG. Também observou-se que a seleção de famílias na FCG e SCG para produtividade e peso específico de tubérculos contribuiu para a identificação de clones tolerantes ao calor e responsivos a melhoria ambiental.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of selection of potato families in early generations for heat tolerance. Thirty families were evaluated in the seedling generation (SG), first clonal generation (FCG) in the field and greenhouse under high temperature conditions, and second clonal generation (SCG) under mild temperatures. The mean of the families was obtained in each generation. The 16 most productive families in FCG were selected, and the clones of these families were evaluated in experiments in the winter and rainy crop seasons. The results showed that family selection for tuber shape may be applied as of the SG. It was also observed that family selection in the FCG and SCG for yield and tuber specific gravity contributed to identification of clones tolerant to heat and responsive to environmental improvement.

A seleção de famílias é um método que possibilita maior eficiência nos programas de melhoramento, já que as famílias inferiores são descartadas e concentram-se os recursos nas famílias mais promissoras. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência da seleção de famílias para os caracteres de aparência e de produção de tubérculos em condições de calor e temperatura amenas. Utilizaram-se neste estudo famílias geradas do cruzamento biparental entre clones tolerantes ao calor e cultivares de boa aparência dos tubérculos. Foram avaliados caracteres de aparência, produtividade e peso específico de tubérculos na geração seedling, primeira e segunda geração clonal. Para os caracteres de aparência dos tubérculos, algumas famílias se destacaram na geração seedling por apresentarem maior frequência de clones superiores. Na primeira e segunda geração clonal identificaram-se famílias tolerantes ao calor e responsivas para melhorias, nas condições de temperatura amena, em produtividade e peso específico dos tubérculos. Concluiu-se que a seleção de famílias para produtividade e peso específico dos tubérculos foi eficiente e que a seleção de famílias para o conjunto de caracteres de aparência dos tubérculos se mostrou menos eficiente.

Family selection is a method which allows a greater efficiency in breeding programs, since the lower performance families are discarded and focuses are thrown on those most promising families. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of family selection for traits of tuber appearance and tuber yield under warm and mild temperatures. In this study families were generated by biparental crosses between heat tolerant clones and commercial cultivars with and good tuber appearance. Traits of tuber appearance, tuber yield and tuber specific gravity were evaluated in the seedling, first and second clonal generations. Regarding the traits of tuber appearance some families presented higher frequency of superior clones in the seedling generation. In the first and second generations heat tolerant families were identified which showed positive responsiveness to mild temperatures for tuber yield and tuber specific gravity. It was concluded that family selection for tuber yield and tuber specific gravity was efficient, but family selection for all traits related to tuber appearance was less effective.

OBJETIVO: descrever as notificações de procedimentos inadequados na administração de imunobiológicos no município de Ribeirão Preto, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo com dados das fichas de notificação preenchidas pelos profissionais das salas de vacinas, encaminhadas à Vigilância Epidemiológica municipal entre janeiro de 2007 e junho de 2012. RESULTADOS: administração fora da idade recomendada representou 33,9% dos procedimentos inadequados, enquanto intervalos inadequados entre as doses representaram 24,7%; dos profissionais envolvidos, 80,1% receberam algum treinamento em sala de vacinas; as vacinas que tiveram mais notificações de procedimentos inadequados foram para rotavirus (22,0%) e febre amarela (15,6%). CONCLUSÃO: administração fora da idade indicada e intervalos inadequados entre doses das vacinas foram os procedimentos inadequados mais frequentes, apesar de a maioria dos profissionais ter recebido treinamento; identificar procedimentos inadequados é importante para subsidiar a capacitação e adoção de medidas preventivas.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the notification of inadequate procedures in immunobiological product administration in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil. METHODS: Descriptive study using data from notification forms filled out by health professionals working in vaccine rooms and sent to the municipal Epidemiological Surveillance service from January 2007 to June 2012. RESULTS: 33.9% of inadequate procedures related to products administered outside the recommended age range. 24.7% related to inadequate intervals between doses. 80.1% of health professionals involved had received some form of vaccine room training. Vaccines having the highest numbers of notifications were the rotavirus vaccine (22.0%) and the yellow fever vaccine (15.6%). CONCLUSION: administration outside indicated age and inadequate intervals between doses were the most occurring inadequate procedures, even though most of the professionals had received training. Identifying inadequate procedures is important to support training processes and the adoption of preventive measures.

OBJETIVO:descrever as notificações de procedimentos inadequados na administração de imunobiológicos no município de Ribeirão Preto, estado de São Paulo, Brasil.MÉTODOS:estudo descritivo com dados das fichas de notificação preenchidas pelos profissionais das salas de vacinas, encaminhadas à Vigilância Epidemiológica municipal entre janeiro de 2007 e junho de 2012.RESULTADOS:administração fora da idade recomendada representou 33,9% dos procedimentos inadequados, enquanto intervalos inadequados entre as doses representaram 24,7%; dos profissionais envolvidos, 80,1% receberam algum treinamento em sala de vacinas; as vacinas que tiveram mais notificações de procedimentos inadequados foram para rotavirus (22,0%) e febre amarela (15,6%).CONCLUSÃO:administração fora da idade indicada e intervalos inadequados entre doses das vacinas foram os procedimentos inadequados mais frequentes, apesar de a maioria dos profissionais ter recebido treinamento; identificar procedimentos inadequados é importante para subsidiar a capacitação e adoção de medidas preventivas.

OBJECTIVE:to describe the notification of inadequate procedures in immunobiological product administration in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil.METHODS:Descriptive study using data from notification forms filled out by health professionals working in vaccine rooms and sent to the municipal Epidemiological Surveillance service from January 2007 to June 2012.RESULTS:33.9% of inadequate procedures related to products administered outside the recommended age range. 24.7% related to inadequate intervals between doses. 80.1% of health professionals involved had received some form of vaccine room training. Vaccines having the highest numbers of notifications were the rotavirus vaccine (22.0%) and the yellow fever vaccine (15.6%).CONCLUSION:administration outside indicated age and inadequate intervals between doses were the most occurring inadequate procedures, even though most of the professionals had received training. Identifying inadequate procedures is important to support training processes and the adoption of preventive measures.

Este artigo tem o objetivo de relatar uma experiência de educação popular em Saúde Mental, no contexto do movimento de Reforma Psiquiátrica, realizada no bairro de Pernambués, território do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Outras Drogas, localizado no município de Salvador-BA e campo de prática dos residentes do Núcleo de Saúde Mental da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Universidade do Estado da Bahia - UNEB. Tal estratégia foi viabilizada através da realização de fóruns comunitários envolvendo vários atores sociais. Adotou-se neste trabalho a metodologia da sistematização da experiência proposta por Holliday, utilizando-se, para tanto, de registros de observações em diários de campo. Ao dar voz e vez a cada participante/falante, numa relação de valorização de saber e poder, a estratégia da educação popular permitiu que os sujeitos envolvidos no processo se organizassem politicamente e participassem da construção coletiva de novos saberes e práticas no campo da Saúde Mental, condizentes com a valorização da vida em sua multiplicidade.

This article presents an experience of popular education in mental health in the context of the Psychiatric Reform. Such experience occurred in the district of Pernambués, territory of the Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Outras Drogas (Center for Psychosocial Assistance Alcohol and Other Drugs), located in the city of Salvador, state of Bahia. This center is the field for the practice of interns of the Mental Health Nucleus of the Multiprofessional Health Internship of Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB - University of the State of Bahia). Such strategy was enabled by the organization of community forums involving many social actors. In this work, we used the methodology of experience systematization proposed by Holliday. By giving voice and time to each speaker/participant, in equal levels of knowledge and power, the popular education strategy allowed the people involved in this process to politically organize themselves. In addition, these people participated in the collective construction of new knowledge and practices in the mental health area, in keeping with the valuation of life in its multiplicity.

Este artigo tem o objetivo de relatar uma experiência de educação popular em Saúde Mental, no contexto do movimento de Reforma Psiquiátrica, realizada no bairro de Pernambués, território do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Outras Drogas, localizado no município de Salvador-BA e campo de prática dos residentes do Núcleo de Saúde Mental da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Universidade do Estado da Bahia - UNEB. Tal estratégia foi viabilizada através da realização de fóruns comunitários envolvendo vários atores sociais. Adotou-se neste trabalho a metodologia da sistematização da experiência proposta por Holliday, utilizando-se, para tanto, de registros de observações em diários de campo. Ao dar voz e vez a cada participante/falante, numa relação de valorização de saber e poder, a estratégia da educação popular permitiu que os sujeitos envolvidos no processo se organizassem politicamente e participassem da construção coletiva de novos saberes e práticas no campo da Saúde Mental, condizentes com a valorização da vida em sua multiplicidade.

This article presents an experience of popular education in mental health in the context of the Psychiatric Reform. Such experience occurred in the district of Pernambués, territory of the Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Outras Drogas (Center for Psychosocial Assistance Alcohol and Other Drugs), located in the city of Salvador, state of Bahia. This center is the field for the practice of interns of the Mental Health Nucleus of the Multiprofessional Health Internship of Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB - University of the State of Bahia). Such strategy was enabled by the organization of community forums involving many social actors. In this work, we used the methodology of experience systematization proposed by Holliday. By giving voice and time to each speaker/participant, in equal levels of knowledge and power, the popular education strategy allowed the people involved in this process to politically organize themselves. In addition, these people participated in the collective construction of new knowledge and practices in the mental health area, in keeping with the valuation of life in its multiplicity.