Pesquisa | SciELO

ABSTRACT Background ANDROMEDA-SHOCK 2 is an international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing hemodynamic phenotype-based, capillary refill time-targeted resuscitation in early septic shock to standard care resuscitation to test the hypothesis that the former is associated with lower morbidity and mortality in terms of hierarchal analysis of outcomes. Objective To report the statistical plan for the ANDROMEDA--SHOCK 2 randomized clinical trial. Methods We briefly describe the trial design, patients, methods of randomization, interventions, outcomes, and sample size. We portray our planned statistical analysis for the hierarchical primary outcome using the stratified win ratio method, as well as the planned analysis for the secondary and tertiary outcomes. We also describe the subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Finally, we provide details for presenting our results, including mock tables, baseline characteristics, and the effects of treatments on outcomes. Conclusion According to best trial practices, we report our statistical analysis plan and data management plan prior to locking the database and initiating the analyses. We anticipate that this practice will prevent analysis bias and improve the utility of the study’s reported results.

https://doi.org/10.62675/2965-2774.20250140

Enfermedad por arañazo de gato de presentación atípica en pediatría: serie de 57 casos.
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Juárez, Ximena

; García-Causarano, María Florencia

; Matteucci, Erika Daiana

; Gigliotti, Emiliano

; Flores-Yavi, Rebeca

; Svartz, Alejandra

; Morales, Ivanna

; Cancellara, Aldo Daniel

Revista del Instituto de Medicina Tropical

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Dez 2024, Volume 19 Nº 2 Páginas 13 - 23

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad por arañazo de gato (EAG) es generalmente una enfermedad benigna. Un 5-25 % presenta formas atípicas. Objetivos: Estimar frecuencia de las formas atípicas de enfermedad por arañazo de gato y las características clínicas, de laboratorio y tratamiento. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y analítico realizado durante 2018-2021 en un hospital de tercer nivel. Se registró el número de serologías reactivas para Bartonella henselae(BH) mediante Inmunofluorescencia y se analizaron datos clínicos, de laboratorio e imágenes mediante EpiInfo versión 7.2. Resultados: Se realizaron 747 serologías, 199 fueron positivas. Se detectó un aumento del 25 % de las formas atípicas en 2021. Se diagnosticaron 57 formas atípicas. Mediana de edad: 7,3 años (RIQ 4,7-10,2). El 87,7 % presentó afectación hepatoesplénica en forma de microabscesos y/o adenopatías del hilio hepático y un Two patients presented with bone compromise and one with ocular lesions. Conclusiones: Se reportaron más casos de formas atípicas en el 2021 con respecto a años previos. La mayoría presentó compromiso hepatoesplénico. Todos evolucionaron favorablemente.

ABSTRACT Background: Cat scratch disease (CSD) is usually a benign disease. However, 20-25 % of patients can develop atypical disease. Objectives: Firstly to estimate the annual proportion of disseminated and atypical forms at our hospital. Secondly the clinical characteristics laboratory results and treatment applied among positive reactive serologies Materials and methods: It is a retrospective, analytic and observational study carried out between 2018-2021 at third level hospital. We used Indirect immunofluorescence assay and analyzed positive results, laboratory data, clinical characteristics and imaging with Epi-Info 7.2. Results: A total of 747 determinations were performed, of wich 199 were reactive. Moreover, atypical forms in 2021 were 25% more frequent than 2020. During the study period 57 disseminated and atypical forms were diagnosed. Median age of 7,3 years (IQR 4,7-10,2). 87.7% suffered from hepatosplenic microabscess, two patients presented with bone compromise and one with ocular lesions. Conclusion: In 2021 we found more positive test results and more atypical and disseminated cases compared to previous years. Most of them had spleen microabscesses. All of them evolved favorably.

https://doi.org/10.18004/imt/2024.19.2.2

Exploring the presence of tilapia species in a central western Mexican reservoir using mitochondrial DNA control region sequencing
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Morelos-Castro, Rosa M.

; Aparicio-Simón, Benjamín

; García-Morales, Ricardo

; Cruz-Hernández, Pedro

; Campos-Ramos, Rafael

; Espinosa-Chaurand, Daniel

; Garza-Torres, Rodolfo

; Maeda-Martínez, Alfonso N.

Latin american journal of aquatic research

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Set 2024, Volume 52 Nº 4 Páginas 575 - 585

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT. Oreochromis niloticus is the most important aquacultural species worldwide. Several countries are interested in repopulating natural or artificial reservoirs with the fry of tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) to develop new fisheries or to enhance the existing ones. However, as tilapia is considered an invasive species, it is essential to check the existence of the species in the place before releasing any fry. Characterization of tilapia species with meristic is unreliable because of existing morphological similarities among species. In this work, the composition of the tilapia species of Laguna El Mastranzo (LEM), Nayarit, Mexico, was explored for the first time through a molecular method using the mitochondrial DNA control region. Three tilapia species (Oreochromis niloticus, O. aureus, and O. urolepis) were found in LEM, and it was confirmed that the two commercial strains (Aquamol and Spring) intended for repopulation were O. niloticus. Seven haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA control region sequences were obtained: three in LEM, three in Aquamol, and one in Spring strains. Before repopulating any reservoir, a molecular verification strategy is recommended to avoid spreading the species. The results of this work represent a glimpse into the genetic material of LEM, Nayarit, Mexico.

https://doi.org/10.3856/vol52-issue4-fulltext-3168

Primer brote de COVID-19 en Cuba. Factores de riesgo de morbimortalidad y respuesta específica de anticuerpos en convalecientes
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Zúñiga-Rosales, Yaíma

; Marcheco-Teruel, Beatriz

; Roblejo-Balbuena, Hilda

; Monzón-Benítez, Giselle

; Sotomayor-Lugo, Francisco

; Peralta, Estela Morales

; Torres-Rives, Bárbara

; Pereira-Roche, Nayade

; Suárez-Besil, Beatriz

; Bravo-Ramírez, Maidalys

; Álvarez-Gavilán, Yudelmis

; González-Torres, María de los A.

; Collazo-Mesa, Teresa

; Marín-Padrón, Lilia Caridad

; Rodríguez-Pelier, Cira Virgen

; Benítez-Cordero, Yudelkis

; Orosa-Vázquez, Ivette

; Carmenate-Portilla, Tania

; Díaz-Hernández, Marianniz

; Chang-Calderón, Janoi

; Sánchez-Ramírez, Belinda

; Silva-Aycaguer, Luis Carlos

; Gómez-Cabezas, Enrique Javier

; Travieso-Tellez, Anitery

; Pérez-Trujillo, José

; García-Gómez, Dayana

; Quintana-Hernández, Daniel

; Perdomo-Arriens, Juan Carlos

; Ferriol-Dorticós, Diana

; Noa-Machado, María Dolores

; Cirera-Díaz, Yadira

; Sarmientos-Fleitas, Mariley

; Angulo-Cebada, Elizabeth

; Orive-Rodríguez., Nora María

; Santana-Hernández, Elayne Esther

; Vargas-Cruz, Iliana

; Argüellez-Arza, Margarita Aurora

; Tissert-Tamayo, Ana Irsi

; Acosta-Acea, Rolando

; Valdivia-Alvarez, Irinia

; Delahanty-Fernández, Aurora

; Palenzuela-Díaz, Ariel

; Ortega-León, Darien

; Romero-Carrazana, Roberto Yaniel

; Somarriba-López, Lorenzo

; Pereda-González, Ricardo

; Sabina-Martínez, Roberto Rafael

; Bess-Constantén, Sonia

; Martínez-Morales, Miguel Ángel

; Armas-Fernández, José Raúl de

; Enríquez-Puertas, Juliet María

; García-Rivera, Dagmar

; Alerm-González., Alina

; Durán-García, Francisco

; Portal-Miranda, José Ángel

Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba

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Mar 2024, Volume 14 Nº 1 elocation e1517

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

ABSTRACT Introduction: The variability in clinical severity among patients with COVID-19 and the development of severe symptoms, as well as the evolution of convalescents, may be due to possible models that combine genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Objective: To characterize the risk factors for morbidity and mortality and the specific response of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during convalescence, in relation to severity, in patients recovered from the first COVID-19 outbreak in Cuba. Methods: It was carried out a cross-sectional study of 1182 cases confirmed between March 11th and June 11th of 2020. They were divided into three groups: asymptomatic, those with mild or moderate symptoms and severely ill patients. They were determined the ABO blood group, the study of gene polymorphisms related to the immune response, lymphocyte subpopulations, and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in convalescence. They were also analyzed data of 84 deaths by COVID-19. Results: The risk of death after contracting the disease was 12.6 times higher in persons over 60 years of age (95%CI 6.3;25.2), and 2.4 times higher in men than in women (95% CI 1.4;4.2). Persons with chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus or cancer, had a higher risk of dying. They were identified the -308A>G polymorphisms of the TNF alpha gene, A16974C of the IL-12 p40 gene, and TaqI of the VDR gene as possible predisposing factors for the development of symptomatic forms. It was found in convalescent patients with severe forms an increase in CD3 + CD8 + and NK cells. It was found total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the serum in 62.2% of the convalescents (95% CI 59.1;65.4). Seropositivity to total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, specific IgG antibody titers against the receptor-binding domain (RBD), its ability to inhibit the RBD-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor bond and its avidity, were higher in cases with severe forms of COVID-19. Conclusions: The vulnerabilities identified in population groups, as well as the characteristics of the humoral anti-SARS-CoV-2 response during convalescence, provided useful evidence for the dynamic updating of the action protocols in the country, including the immunization strategies. This study allowed us to have our own references to evaluate the immunogenicity of Cuban vaccine candidates.

Depressive symptoms in pregnant women treated at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora
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González-Gastélum, César Dalí

; Ávila-Gámez, Luis Daniel

; Briseño-Robles, Claudia Iveth Morales-García, Norma Carolina Becerra-Durand, Ana Irais Frías-Mendívil, Mauricio

Salud mental

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Fev 2024, Volume 47 Nº 1 Páginas 13 - 22

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción El embarazo, al ser una situación de vulnerabilidad y los cambios que conlleva, ubica a las mujeres en mayor riesgo de padecer depresión. En México, la prevalencia de probable depresión en embarazadas en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, fue del 17.8%, mediante la Escala de Depresión Perinatal de Edimburgo (EPDS). Hasta hoy, no se cuenta con datos en Sonora sobre este problema. Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva en embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (México). Método Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo en 2021, utilizando la EPDS en 168 embarazadas cursando 2o/3er trimestre, seleccionadas por muestreo no probabilístico por casos consecutivos. Se exploraron variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes patológicos/no patológicos y ginecoobstétricos. El análisis se realizó mediante medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para variables cuantitativas; para cualitativas, frecuencia y porcentaje; prueba de χ2 para evaluar diferencias en distribución de sintomatología depresiva por edad y resto de variables. Resultados Se determinó prevalencia global de “probable depresión” de 14.3%. La mayoría, grupo etario 20-29 años, con pareja y embarazo planeado/deseado. Escolaridad preparatoria, 50%. Antecedente de violencia de pareja, 54.2%. Casi 40%, primigestas. Consumo de sustancias, negado. Sobrepeso/obesidad, en 70%. Discusión y conclusión Existe una alta prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva durante el embarazo, pasando desapercibida por motivos como conocimiento insuficiente (paciente y proveedores de salud), pues no se cuenta con un tamizaje rutinario. Es apremiante trabajar en prevención, detección y tratamiento, ya que conlleva múltiples consecuencias a nivel binomio, familiar y social.

Abstract Introduction Pregnancy, being a situation of vulnerability and with its inherent changes, places women at a great risk of depression. In Mexico, the prevalence of probable depression in pregnant women treated at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, was 17.8%, assessed using the Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS). To date, there are no data regarding this issue in Sonora. Objective To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in pregnant women treated at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (México). Method An observational, descriptive, transversal, and prospective study was conducted in 2021, applying the EPDS in 168 2nd/3rd trimester pregnant women, selected by non-probabilistic sampling by consecutive cases. Sociodemographic variables, pathological/non-pathological, gynecological, and obstetrical personal history were explored. The analysis was performed using measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables; for qualitative variables, frequency and percentage; χ2 test to assess differences in distribution of depressive symptomatology by age and the rest of variables. Results A global prevalence of “probable depression” of 14.3% was determined. The majority, within 20-29 age group, with a partner and a planned/desired pregnancy. High school educational level, 50%. History of intimate partner violence, 54.2%. Almost 40%, primigravida. Substance use, denied. Overweight/obesity, in 70%. Discussion and conclusion There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy, going unnoticed for reasons such as insufficient knowledge (patient/health care providers), since there is no routine screening. It is imperative to work on prevention, detection and treatment, since it entails multiple consequences at a binomial, family, and social level.

https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2024.003

Is ankle taping effective to limit the ankle dorsiflexion in a single-training session? An observational study in semi-professional basketball players
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Romero-Morales, Carlos

; Pedraza-García, Isabel

; López-López, Daniel

; Berlanga, Luis

; Cruz, Blanca de la

; Calvo-Lobo, César

; García-Sanz, Fernando

Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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2024, Volume 142 Nº 3 elocation e2022578

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Ankle taping (AT) is effective in preventing ankle sprain injuries in most common sports and is employed in rehabilitation and prevention sports. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of AT to restricting excessive frontal plane ankle movements in semi-professional basketball players throughout the training session. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was performed at the Universidad Europea de Madrid. METHODS: Forty male and female semi-professional basketball players were divided into two groups. The ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and interlimb asymmetries in a weight-bearing lunge position were evaluated at four time points: 1) with no tape, 2) before practice, at 30 min of practice, and 3) immediately after practice. RESULTS: In male basketball players, no differences were observed in the right and left ankles between the baseline and 30 min and between baseline and 90 min of assessment. In female athletes, significant differences were reported between baseline and pre-training assessments for the right ankle and also significant differences between baseline and 90 min in both ankles. CONCLUSIONS: Ankle taping effectively decreased the ankle dorsiflexion ROM in male and female basketball players immediately after application. However, ROM restriction was very low after 30 and 90 min, as assessed in a single basketball practice. Therefore, the classic taping method should be revised to develop new prophylactic approaches, such as the implementation of semi-rigid bracing techniques or the addition of active stripes during training or game pauses.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0578.r1.06032023

Assessing the effect of prophylactic ankle taping on ankle and knee biomechanics during landing tasks in healthy individuals: A cross-sectional observational study
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Romero-Morales, Carlos

; Matilde-Cruz, Ana

; García-Arrabe, María

; Higes-Núñez, Felix

; Lópes, Alexandre Días

; Saiz, Sergio Jiménez

; Pareja-Galeano, Helios

; López-López, Daniel

Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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2024, Volume 142 Nº 2 elocation e2022548

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Current research supports the fact that prophylactic ankle taping (AT) is effective in preventing ankle injuries in amateur and elite sports athletes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of AT on balance, knee valgus during drop jump and single-leg countermovement jump (SL-CMJ) landings, and ankle range of motion (ROM) restriction in healthy participants. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. METHODS: Participants: Thirty-nine healthy individuals participated in this study and performed the movements under two conditions (with and without tape). Outcome measurements: ankle ROM, balance, SL-CMJ height, flight time, ground time, and knee valgus. Before any intervention, a random process was developed with a 1:1 allocation ratio, and the participants were assigned to groups A (tape-no tape) and B (no tape-tape). RESULTS: Significant differences between tape and no-tape moments were observed for drop jump knee valgus flexion (P = 0.007), with an increase in knee valgus in participants with ankle taping. Similarly, the Y-balance testshowed a significant decrease in all variables (P = 0.001 and), ankle dorsiflexion (P = 0.001) in participants with ankle taping. CONCLUSIONS: AT is effective for immediate ankle ROM restriction. However, an increase in knee valgus during drop jump task and a decrease in lower limb balance were observed during drop jump task. Based on these results, it can be concluded that AT application in healthy individuals should not be recommended as it results in increase in injury risk factors.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0548.r1.10032023

Pobreza energética y salud en población gitana y en población general de España
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Chuquitarco-Morales, Alejandro La Parra-Casado, Daniel Estévez-García, J Francisco

Gaceta Sanitaria

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2024, Volume 38 elocation 102318

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Objetivo: Cuantificar la pobreza energética en población gitana y población general de España, en 2016, y observar la asociación de este fenómeno con la salud autopercibida, ajustando por los principales determinantes socioeconómicos. Método: La pobreza energética fue definida como la incapacidad económica para mantener el calor dentro del hogar, la presencia de humedad en la vivienda y tener retrasos en el pago de facturas de suministros, con datos de dos encuestas europeas para España en 2016: la Encuesta sobre Ingresos y Condiciones de Vida (EU-SILC) y la Segunda Encuesta sobre Minorías y Discriminación (EU-MIDIS II). Se calcularon modelos de regresión logística jerárquica con la salud autopercibida como variable resultado, ajustando progresivamente por variables demográficas (género y edad), ambientales (temperatura del hogar, humedad y retrasos en las facturas) y socioeconómicas (nivel educativo, estado civil y situación ocupacional). Resultados: El 45% de la población gitana mostró niveles moderados o altos de pobreza energética. Laodds ratio(OR) de mala salud autopercibida era mayor en la población gitana (OR: 3,11; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 2,59-3,74). No poder mantener una temperatura adecuada en el interior del hogar incrementó considerablemente el riesgo de mala salud (OR: 2,10; IC95%: 1,90-2,32). Tras ajustar por variables demográficas, ambientales y socioeconómicas, no observamos asociación entre población de adscripción y salud autopercibida. Conclusiones: Considerando los principales determinantes sociales, indicadores de pobreza energética incluidos, ser una persona gitana no se asocia con declarar mala salud. Este resultado señala la relevancia de abordar los factores socioeconómicos, la pobreza energética entre ellos, para reducir las desigualdades en salud.

Abstract Objective: To quantify energy poverty in Roma population and in general population in Spain, in 2016, as well as to observe the association of this phenomenon with self-rated health, adjusted according to the main socio-economic determinants. Method: Energy poverty has been defined as the financial inability to keep a home warm, the presence of dampness in the dwelling and falling into arrears in utility bills, using data from two European surveys from Spain in 2016: the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and the Second Survey on Minorities and Discrimination (EU-MIDIS II). Hierarchical logistic regression models were estimated with self-rated health as the outcome variable, progressively adjusted according to demographic (gender and age), environmental (household temperature, humidity and arrears in utility bills) and socio-economic (level of education, marital status and employment status) variables. Results: Our results show that 45% of the Roma population had moderate or high levels of energy poverty. The odds ratio (OR) of poor self-rated health was higher in the Roma population (OR: 3.11; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.59-3.74). The inability to maintain an adequate indoor temperature significantly increased the risk of poor health (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.90-2.32). After adjusting according to demographic, environmental and socio-economic variables, no association was observed between the population of ascription and self-rated health. Conclusions: Taking into account the main social determinants, including energy poverty indicators, being Roma is not associated with reporting poor health. This result points to the importance of tackling socio-economic factors, including energy poverty, to reduce health inequalities.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102318

Third National Registry of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs in Mexico (RENAPREC III-2022)
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Lara-Vargas, Jorge A. Ilarraza-Lomelí, Hermes García-Saldivia, Marianna Pineda-García, Alfredo D. Leyva-Valadez, Eduardo A. Justiniano-Cordero, Samuel Sahagún-Olmos, Roberto Zavala-Ramírez, Juana Cassaigne-Guasco, María E. Sánchez-Limón, Edgar-F Castañeda-López, Javier Cerón-Enríquez, Norma Ku-González, Andrés Arteaga-Martínez, Rodolfo Hinojosa-López, Tania Vergara-Guzmán, Jéssica Pérez-Vázquez, Daniel I. Gasca-Zamudio, Pedro D. Aranda-Ayala, Zulema L. Vacío-Reyes, Martha E. Reza-Orozco, Marco Alcocer-Gamboa, Miguel A. Hernández-González, Pedro A. Pérez-Reyes, Angélica A. Núñez-Urquiza, Juan P. Alonso-Sánchez, Jesús Franco-Valles, Sarahí Romo-Escamilla, Ricardo E. Nuriulú-Escobar, Patricia Serna-Santamaría, Iván Avilés-González, Jorge Salgado-Solorio, María C. Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Luz M. Mendoza-Díaz, Pedro M. Ávila-Estrada, Ángel Morales-Medina, Carlos Lara-Vázquez, Eduardo Rodríguez-Herrera, Paulina Galván-López, María Segoviano-Mendoza, Georgina De-la-Torre-Cruz, Fabiola Jiménez-Campos, Cecilia Ramírez-Meléndez, Alejandra Almaraz-Ríos, Alejandro González-Bonilla, Mezthly Rojano-Castillo, Jessica Rius-Suarez, María D.

Archivos de cardiología de México

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Dez 2023, Volume 93 Nº 4 Páginas 405 - 416

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract Introduction: In Mexico, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) as an interdisciplinary intervention with therapeutic impact in patients with heart disease is growing. There is the need to know actual conditions of CR in our country. Objectives: The objective of this National Registry is to follow-up those existing and new CR units in Mexico through the comparison between the two previous registries, RENAPREC-2009 and RENAPREC II-2015 studies. This is a descriptive study focused on diverse CR activities such as assistance training, and certification of health professionals, barriers, reference, population attended, interdisciplinarity, permanence over time, growth prospects, regulations, post-pandemic condition, integrative characteristics, and scientific research. Results: Data were collected from 45 CR centers in the 32 states, 75.5% are private practice units, 67% are new, 33% were part of RENAPREC II-2015, and 17 have continued since 2009. With a better distribution of CR units along the territory, the median reference of candidates for CR programs is 9% with a significant reduction into tiempo of enrollment to Phase II admission (19 ± 11 days). Regarding to previous registries, the coverance of Phases I, II, and III is 71%, 100%, and 93%, respectively; and a coverance increases in evaluation, risk stratification, and prescription, more comprehensive attendance and prevention strategies. Conclusions: CR in Mexico has grown in the past 7 years. Even there is still low reference and heterogeneity in specific processes, there are strengths such as interdisciplinarity, scientific professionalization of specialists, national diversification, and an official society that are consolidated over time.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.22000235

10.

Dimensiones bioculturales y socioeconómicas de la sustentabilidad en sistemas agroforestales diversificados con cacao y vainilla
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Ramos-Prado, José M. Romero-Hernández, Esteban Sánchez-Morales, Primo Jiménez-García, Daniel Hipólito-Romero, Enrique

Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas

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Mai 2023, Volume 14 Nº 3 Páginas 401 - 412

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Los sistemas agroforestales y la diversificación productiva son alternativas sostenibles que revierten los daños y riesgos de la agricultura convencional. Existen pocos estudios de sostenibilidad que permitan incorporarlos a proyectos destinados a aumentar la rentabilidad y mejorar el bienestar de los productores, restaurando los servicios ecosistémicos. El objetivo fue evaluar la sustentabilidad de dos sistemas agroforestales tradicionales, diversificados con cacao y vainilla, en los estados de Veracruz y Oaxaca. Se promovieron técnicas agroecológicas y estrategias de desarrollo empresarial con las familias de ambos productores. La investigación se llevó a cabo durante el periodo: febrero 2012 a julio 2020, las parcelas están ubicadas en los municipios de San Pedro Ixcatlán, Oaxaca y Papantla, Veracruz. Se utilizó la metodología del marco de evaluación de sistemas de gestión de recursos naturales. Los resultados mostraron que los estados iniciales tenían un manejo poco intensivo, bajo uso de insumos, alta diversificación y orientado a la agricultura de subsistencia. Tras la diversificación, manejo agroecológico y desarrollo empresarial, los estados de transición han mejorado en la mayoría de los indicadores de sostenibilidad. En particular la rentabilidad (índice beneficio-costo), que alcanzó 1.2 para San Pedro y 2.6 para Papantla cuando se da valor agregado a la vainilla y el cacao. Es relevante la participación de las mujeres en actividades emergentes derivadas de la diversificación y el interés de los jóvenes por continuar con actividades de transformación de materias primas y la comercialización de productos de valor agregado.

Abstract Agroforestry systems and productive diversification are sustainable alternatives that reverse the damages and risks of conventional agriculture. There are few sustainability studies that allow them to be incorporated into projects aimed at increasing profitability and improving the welfare of producers, restoring ecosystem services. The objective was to assess the sustainability of two traditional agroforestry systems, diversified with cacao and vanilla, in the states of Veracruz and Oaxaca. Agroecological techniques and business development strategies were promoted with the families of both producers. The research was carried out during the period: February 2012 to July 2020, the plots are located in the municipalities of San Pedro Ixcatlán, Oaxaca and Papantla, Veracruz. The methodology of the framework of assessment of natural resource management systems was used. The results showed that the initial states had a low intensive management, low use of inputs, high diversification and oriented to subsistence agriculture. After diversification, agroecological management and business development, transition states have improved in most sustainability indicators. In particular, profitability (benefit-cost index), which reached 1.2 for San Pedro and 2.6 for Papantla when added value is given to vanilla and cacao. The participation of women in emerging activities derived from diversification and the interest of young people to continue with activities of transformation of raw materials and the commercialization of value-added products are relevant.

https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v14i3.3093

11.

Suicidios de indígenas en Valle del Cauca, Cauca y Nariño (Colombia) antes (2018-2019) y durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 (2020-2021).
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Charry Lozano, Liliana Illera Rivera, Diego Banguera Riascos, Harley Garzón Certuche, Lina Vanessa Patiño García, Daniela Cristina Dueñas López, Daniel Ricardo Pantoja Urbano, Karol Daniela Morales, Víctor Raúl David

Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría

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Abr 2023, Volume 86 Nº 2 Páginas 102 - 108

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Introducción : El Centro para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) define el suicidio como el acto de autoagresión con la intención de causar la muerte propia de manera voluntaria. En pueblos indígenas de países como Canadá, Australia, Groenlandia, Estados Unidos, Nueva Zelanda, Brasil y Siberia, se evidencia que este evento sucede con mayor frecuencia que en la población general, principalmente como consecuencia del colonialismo y las dificultades que enfrentan las comunidades indígenas, factores que se citan hoy como comunes a nivel mundial. Método : Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y retrospectivo en el que se analizaron 48 casos de suicidios de indígenas del suroccidente colombiano, ocurridos durante el período de prepandemia (2018-2019) y pandemia de la COVID-19 (2020-2021), registrados en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses (INMLYCF) de los departamentos de Valle del Cauca, Cauca y Nariño. Resultados : En la región estudiada se suicidaron más personas durante el período pandémico (2020-2021). Las víctimas fueron, predominantemente, individuos del sexo masculino, de edad joven (entre 19 y 26 años), con estudios de primaria y bachillerato, que tenían ocupación de agricultores o estudiantes, que usaron el ahorcamiento como modalidad principal para acabar con su vida, y cuya razón de suicidio más frecuente era el conflicto con la pareja o expareja. Conclusiones : La tasa de suicidio en indígenas en el Valle del Cauca, Cauca y Nariño fue más alta que la registrada en la población general de los mismos departamentos durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 (2020-2021). Es necesario considerar factores socioculturales y trayectorias del evento suicida en el seno de cada comunidad distintivamente estudiada.

ABSTRACT Introduction : The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines suicide as an act of self-harm with the intent to cause a voluntary death. In indigenous peoples from countries such as Canada, Australia, Greenland, the United States, New Zealand, Brazil and Siberia, it is evident that this event occurs more frequently than in the general population, mainly as a consequence of colonialism and difficulties faced by indigenous communities, factors that are now considered as common throughout the world. Methods : A retrospective, descriptive, quantitative and retrospective study that analyzes 48 cases of suicide in indigenous people from Southwestern Colombia during the COVID-19 pre-pandemic (2018-2019) and pandemic (2020-2021) periods and registered in the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of the departments of Valle del Cauca, Cauca and Nariño. Results : In the studied region more people committed suicide during the pandemic period (2020-2021). The victims were, predominantly, males of young ages (between 19 and 26 years), with a primary and high school educational level, of primary and high school, with farmer or student occupations, use of hanging as the main modality, and conflict with partner or ex-partner as the most frequently cited reason. Conclusions : The suicide rate among indigenous people in the departments of Cauca Valley, Cauca and Nariño was higher than that recorded in the general population of the same departments during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). It is necessary to consider sociocultural factors and the trajectories of the suicide event within each distinctly studied community.

https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v86i3.4567

12.

Parametrización petrofísica de secuencias siliciclásticas areno-arcillosas con redes neuronales
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López-Aguirre, Daniel García-Benítez, Silvia Raquel Nicolás-López, Rubén Coconi-Morales, Enrique

Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana

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2023, Volume 75 Nº 3 elocation e150823

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN En este trabajo se utilizan redes neuronales como una ventajosa herramienta para estimar parámetros petrofísicos de la columna estratigráfica atravesada por varios pozos. Los parámetros porosidad, volúmenes minerales y saturación de agua e hidrocarburos, se obtienen a partir de registros geofísicos de pozo básicos (rayos gamma, resistividad profunda, densidad volumétrica y tiempo de tránsito) y se infieren para otras zonas de la misma área geológica, en los que no se cuenta con este cuadro de información. Este análisis se realizó en secuencias siliciclásticas areno-arcillosas atravesadas por varios pozos perforados para alcanzar un yacimiento de hidrocarburos de baja permeabilidad. Se presentan estimaciones con modelos empíricos para enfrentarlas con las obtenidos con las redes neuronales de forma que se califique la actuación de la alternativa inteligente. Las leyes que rigen la dinámica de los parámetros, así como los detalles del contexto geológico quedan inmersos en los pesos de la red y la consistencia fenomenológica está definida a través de la congruencia de las entradas para conseguir las salidas elegidas. Se muestra la forma en la que el modelo neuronal habilita la propagación confiable de valores de propiedad y se convierte en un ventajoso auxiliar en el estudio de contextos geológicos muy complejos o escasamente parametrizados en los que las condiciones para la aplicación de correlaciones y métodos empíricos, así como el tiempo que se invierte en los procesos de ajuste y contextualización de registros, menguan la calidad y cantidad del conocimiento que se obtiene sobre el medio.

ABSTRACT In this work neural networks are used as an advantageous tool to estimate petrophysical parameters of the stratigraphic column traversed by several wells. The parameters porosity, mineral volumes, and water and hydrocarbon saturation are obtained from basic geophysical well logging (gamma rays, deep resistivity, volumetric density and transit time) and are inferred for other sites, in the same geological area, where they are not measured, so this information matrix is not available. This analysis was performed on sand-clay siliciclastic sequences traversed by several wells drilled to reach a low-permeability hydrocarbon reservoir. Estimates with empirical models are presented to compare them with those obtained with neural networks in order to qualify the performance of the intelligent alternative. The laws that govern the dynamics of the parameters as well as the details of the geological context are immersed in the weights of the network and the phenomenological consistency is defined through the congruence of the inputs to achieve the chosen outputs. The way in which the neural model enables the reliable propagation of property values is shown and becomes an advantageous auxiliary in the study of very complex or poorly parameterized geological contexts in which the conditions for the application of correlations and empirical methods as well as how the time invested in the processes of adjustment and contextualization of records, decreases the quality and quantity of knowledge obtained about the environment.

https://doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2023v75n3a150823

13.

Health literacy on quality of life for children with cancer: modules on pediatric palliative care
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García-Quintero, Ximena Bastardo Blanco, Daniel Vásquez, Liliana Fuentes-Alabí, Soad Benites-Majano, Sara Maza, Mauricio Ugaz, Cecilia Morales, Roxana Baker, Justin N McNeil, Michael J.

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e134

Resumo: Pt Es En | Texto: Pt Es En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo. Descrever o desenvolvimento de materiais educativos para pais e outros cuidadores de crianças com câncer por meio de uma abordagem sensível à cultura para reduzir as barreiras de aceitação dos cuidados paliativos (CP). Métodos. A Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), o St. Jude Children's Research Hospital e parceiros da América Latina e do Caribe colaboraram em um projeto de três fases, que iniciou com uma pesquisa de avaliação das necessidades dos cuidadores de crianças com câncer no Peru. Com base nos achados dessa pesquisa, uma equipe interdisciplinar de especialistas em CP pediátricos desenvolveu um conteúdo educacional que foi concebido e validado por um comitê internacional de especialistas em CP e comunicação. Resultados. A colaboração resultou no desenvolvimento de uma série de oito módulos que apresenta os principais conceitos dos CP pediátricos aos cuidadores, incluindo controle da dor, qualidade de vida e cuidados de final de vida. A série foi concebida para reduzir o estigma dos cuidadores em relação aos CP por meio de educação sensível à cultura, abordando os baixos níveis de letramento em saúde entre os cuidadores da América Latina e do Caribe. Nos 15 meses desde seu lançamento, os módulos foram distribuídos em toda a América Latina, tendo sido baixados 2 825 vezes. Conclusões. Os materiais educativos e a orientação prévia sobre CP foram considerados uma prioridade para os pais e outros cuidadores de crianças com câncer em toda a América Latina. Os materiais desenvolvidos por meio desse projeto foram amplamente utilizados e estão disponíveis no site da OPAS e no recurso on-line Together by St. Jude™.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Describir la elaboración de material educativo para progenitores y otras personas que cuidan de pacientes pediátricos con cáncer mediante un enfoque sensible a las especificidades culturales, a fin de reducir los obstáculos a la aceptación de los cuidados paliativos (CP). Métodos. La Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), el St. Jude Children's Research Hospital y asociados de América Latina y el Caribe colaboraron en un proyecto de tres fases, que se inició con una encuesta de evaluación de las necesidades de las personas que cuidan de pacientes pediátricos con cáncer en Perú. A partir de estos resultados, un equipo interdisciplinario de expertos en CP pediátricos elaboró un material educativo diseñado y validado por un comité internacional de expertos en CP y comunicación. Resultados. Esta colaboración permitió diseñar una serie de ocho módulos en los que se presentan conceptos clave de los CP pediátricos, como el tratamiento del dolor, la calidad de vida y los cuidados terminales. Estos módulos se diseñaron para reducir la estigmatización asociada a los CP por parte de las personas encargadas de los cuidados, mediante una educación que tiene en cuenta sus especificidades culturales y aborda el bajo nivel de conocimientos básicos de salud de estas personas en América Latina y el Caribe. En los 15 meses transcurridos desde su publicación, se han distribuido por toda América Latina y su contenido se ha descargado 2 825 veces. Conclusiones. Se consideró que los materiales educativos y la orientación preparatoria sobre los CP constituyen una prioridad para los progenitores y otras personas encargadas del cuidado de pacientes pediátricos con cáncer en toda América Latina. Los materiales elaborados mediante este proyecto han sido ampliamente utilizados y están disponibles en el sitio web de la OPS y en el recurso en línea Together by St. Jude™.

ABSTRACT Objective. To describe the development of educational materials for parents and other caregivers of children with cancer, which utilized a culturally sensitive approach to reduce acceptance barriers to palliative care (PC). Methods. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, and partners in Latin America and the Caribbean collaborated in a three-phase project, beginning with a needs assessment survey of caregivers of children with cancer in Peru. Based on this finding, an interdisciplinary team of pediatric PC experts developed educational content that was designed and validated by an international committee of PC and communication experts. Results. The collaboration resulted in the development of an eight-module series that introduces caregivers to key concepts of pediatric PC, including management of pain, quality of life, and end of life care. The series was designed to reduce caregiver stigma associated with PC through culturally sensitive education that addresses the low levels of health literacy among caregivers in Latin America and the Caribbean. In the 15 months since the launch, these modules have been distributed throughout Latin America and were downloaded 2 825 times. Conclusions. Educational materials and anticipatory guidance of PC were considered to be a priority for parents and other caregivers of children with cancer throughout Latin America. The materials developed through this project have been widely utilized and are available through the PAHO website and the Together by St. Jude™ online resource.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2023.134

14.

La calidad de vida, relacionada con la salud oral, en el Centro del Adulto Mayor de San Isidro, Lima
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Kurt Espinoza Espinoza, Diego Alonso

; Soto Peñaloza, David

; García Rupaya, Carmen Rosa

; Kim Espinoza Espinoza, Daniel Alonso

; Dulanto Vargas, Julissa Amparo

; Morales Vadillo, Rafael

Revista Cubana de Estomatología

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Dez 2022, Volume 59 Nº 4 elocation e3937

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maintaining quality of life is one of the most important results of care services. Several plans support the importance of measuring it in older adults. Objective: To assess oral health-related quality of life in members of a senior center in Lima, Peru. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a population of 1800 older adults. The sample consisted of 184 participants. The oral health impact profile instrument (OHIP14sp) was used to measure quality of life in relation to oral health. Content validity was performed by a group of evaluators and the consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha test. The information was summarized in percentages and Fisher's and chi-square hypothesis tests were used to identify the relationship of quality of life with gender and age, and Poisson regression. Results: The quality of life of older adults was poor in 9.8%, good in 23.4%, and excellent in 66.8%. Women (71%) had a better quality of life than men (58%). It was observed that the younger the age, the better the quality of life. Most of the adults were able to perform their daily activities except for 7.1%. Oral health did not have a negative impact on the quality of life of older adults in terms of psychological discomfort, functional limitation and handicap, only 61%, 49% and 17%, respectively. Conclusions: The impact on oral health in Lima identified as excellent or regular the quality of life in relation to oral health of older adults attending the San Isidro Senior Center.

RESUMEN Introducción: El mantenimiento de la calidad de vida es uno de los resultados más importantes de los servicios de atención. Varios planes respaldan la importancia de realizar su medición en los adultos mayores. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida, relacionada con la salud oral, en los miembros de un centro del adulto mayor en Lima, Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en una población de 1800 adultos mayores. La muestra estuvo conformada por 184 participantes. El instrumento perfil de impacto de salud oral (OHIP14sp) se utilizó para medir la calidad de vida en relación con la salud oral. La validez de contenido se realizó mediante un grupo de evaluadores y la consistencia del cuestionario se evaluó con la prueba alfa de Cronbach. Se resumió la información en porcentajes y se utilizaron pruebas de hipótesis de Fisher y chi cuadrado para identificar la relación de la calidad de vida con el sexo y la edad, y la regresión de Poisson. Resultados: La calidad de vida de los adultos mayores fue mala en el 9,8 %, buena en el 23,4 %, y excelente en el 66,8 %. Las mujeres (71 %) tuvieron mejor calidad de vida que los hombres (58 %). Se observó que a menor edad mejor es la calidad de vida. La mayoría de los adultos podían realizar sus actividades diarias salvo un 7,1 %. La salud bucal no tuvo un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores en términos de malestar psicológico, limitación funcional y minusvalía, solo en un 61 %, 49 % y 17 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones: El impacto en la salud oral en Lima identificó como excelente o regular la calidad de vida en relación con la salud bucal de los adultos mayores concurrentes al Centro del Adulto Mayor de San Isidro.

15.

Efecto de consorcios microbianos en el patosistema Solanum lycopersicum -Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
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Limón-Corona, Mónica Lorena

; Flores-Olivas, Alberto

; Hernández-Castillo, Francisco Daniel

; González-Merino, Ana María

; González-Morales, Susana

; Virgen-Calleros, Gil Cerda-García, Pedro Aarón Hernández-Martínez, Rufina

Ecosistemas y recursos agropecuarios

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Dez 2022, Volume 9 Nº 3 elocation e3221

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen. El objetivo fue evaluar el antagonismo in vitro de tres consorcios microbianos sobre tres cepas de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) y su efecto en plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycoper sicum) con síntomas de marchitez, bajo condiciones de invernadero. Se evaluaron los consorcios microbianos Soil Pro (SP), SOS® (SOS) y SSB® (SSB), de Liventia™; compuestos por bacterias, levaduras y micorrizas. Para determinar el antagonismo in vitro se utilizó la técnica de medio envenenado. En el invernadero se aplicaron los tres consorcios a plántulas de tomate inoculadas con Fol y se evaluaron: altura de la planta, diámetro del tallo, contenido de clorofila, peso seco de la biomasa aérea, peso seco de la raíz e incidencia y severidad de la marchitez. En la prueba en invernadero SP incrementó en 21% el crecimiento de las plántulas de tomate, respecto a severidad SP y SOS disminuyeron 37% el daño de las plántulas.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the in vitro antagonism of three microbial consortia on three strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) and their effect on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings with wilt symptoms, under greenhouse conditions. The microbial consortia evaluated were Soil Pro (SP), SOS® (SOS) and SSB® (SSB), from Liventia™, composed of bacteria, yeasts and mycorrhizae. The poisoned medium technique was used to determine in vitro antagonism. In the greenhouse, the three consortia were applied to tomato seedlings inoculated with Fol and the following were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, aerial biomass dry weight, root dry weight and wilt incidence and severity. In the greenhouse test, SP increased the growth of tomato seedlings by 21%, while SP and SOS reduced seedling damage by 37%.

https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a9n3.3221

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