RESUMEN Se presenta un sistema de recomendación creado para optimizar la designación de profesores en el área de Gestión Computacional. La problemática radica en la subjetividad y poca eficiencia y para abordarlo se emplean técnicas de machine learning, específicamente el filtrado colaborativo y el análisis predictivo, con el propósito de mejorar la selección en función de experiencia, formación académica, destrezas pedagógicas y contentamiento. Se recopiló información de los últimos cinco años a través de encuestas a estudiantes y evaluaciones de desempeño en la docencia, identificando patrones en las asignaciones previas y predecir qué persona se ajusta mejor a los cursos futuros. Las asignaturas consideradas: Organización y Arquitectura Computacional, Sistemas Operativos, Redes de Computadoras, Seguridad Informática, entre otros. Como resultados, se demuestra una gran precisión, incrementando la satisfacción y optimizando el desempeño académico a comparación de métodos tradicionales. En conclusión, existe una contribución significativa en la mejora de la calidad educativa.

ABSTRACT A recommendation systen created to optimize the appointment of professors in the area of Computational Management is presented. The problem lies in subjectivity and lack of efficiency, and to address it, machine learning techniques are used, specifically collaborative filtering and predictive analysis, with the purpose of improving selection based on experience, academic training, pedagogical skills and contentment. Information from the last five years was collected through student surveys and teaching performance evaluations, identifying patterns in previous assignments and predicting which person is best suited for future courses. The subjects considered: Computer Organization and Architecture, Operating Systems, Computer Networks, Computer Security, among others. As a result, great accuracy is demonstrated, increasing satisfaction and optimizing academic performance compared to traditional methods. In conclusion, there is a significant contribution to the improvement of educational quality.

RESUMO Objetivos. Este estudo teve dois objetivos: primeiro, estimar as tendências da viabilidade financeira de bebidas açucaradas e alimentos não essenciais com alta densidade energética no México entre 2010 e 2022, tanto em âmbito nacional quanto por nível de renda familiar. O segundo foi simular os efeitos de diferentes aumentos nos impostos incidentes sobre esses alimentos e bebidas para observar a variação da sua viabilidade financeira em comparação com o cenário atual. Métodos. Adotamos as rodadas de 2010 a 2022 da Pesquisa Nacional de Renda e Despesas Familiares do México. O índice de viabilidade financeira foi estimado como a proporção da renda mensal necessária para comprar 16 litros de bebidas açucaradas e 2,8 kg de alimentos não essenciais com alta densidade energética, valores que refletem o consumo mensal mediano por domicílio. São apresentadas as tendências do índice de viabilidade financeira e seus componentes (por exemplo, renda e custos). Além disso, foram simulados diferentes aumentos nos impostos para o período de 2014 a 2022. Resultados. Em âmbito nacional e entre as famílias de baixa renda, não houve variações significativas na viabilidade financeira dos alimentos e bebidas incluídos no estudo antes e depois da cobrança de impostos sobre esses itens alimentícios, introduzidos em 2014. Os cenários de simulação mostraram que um imposto de 3 pesos/litro sobre bebidas açucaradas e 32% sobre alimentos não essenciais com alta densidade energética reduziria a acessibilidade para todos os níveis de renda. Conclusões. O patamar atual dos impostos não é suficiente para reduzir consideravelmente a viabilidade financeira desses alimentos e bebidas. Para as famílias de baixa renda, os aumentos de renda foram maiores que os aumentos de preços; portanto, as bebidas açucaradas e os alimentos não essenciais com alta densidade energética não se tornaram menos acessíveis, mesmo após a introdução dos impostos em 2014. As alíquotas dos impostos precisariam sofrer um aumento significativo para reduzir a viabilidade financeira, e devem ser corrigidas pelo crescimento econômico a fim de compensar os aumentos na renda familiar.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Este estudio tuvo dos objetivos. En primer lugar, estimar las tendencias en la asequibilidad de las bebidas azucaradas y los alimentos no esenciales de alto contenido calórico del 2010 al 2022 en México, tanto a nivel nacional como según nivel de ingresos de los hogares. En segundo lugar, simular los efectos de diferentes aumentos de los impuestos para estos alimentos y bebidas a fin de observar en cuánto cambiaría su asequibilidad en comparación con la situación actual. Métodos. Utilizamos las rondas del 2010 al 2022 de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares de México. La razón de asequibilidad se calculó mediante la proporción de los ingresos mensuales necesaria para comprar 16 litros de bebidas azucaradas y 2,8 kg de alimentos no esenciales de alto contenido calórico, cantidades que corresponden a la mediana del consumo mensual por hogar. Se describen las tendencias de la razón de asequibilidad y sus componentes (p. ej., ingresos y costos). Además, se simularon diferentes aumentos de impuestos para el período 2014-2022. Resultados. A nivel nacional y en los hogares de ingresos bajos, la asequibilidad de estos alimentos y bebidas no mostró cambios significativos entre antes y después de la aplicación de los impuestos que se les aplicaron en el 2014. Los escenarios de simulación mostraron que un impuesto de 3 pesos/l para las bebidas azucaradas y del 32% para los alimentos no esenciales de alto contenido calórico sería eficaz para reducir la asequibilidad en todos los niveles de ingresos. Conclusiones. Los impuestos actuales no son lo suficientemente altos como para lograr una reducción significativa de la asequibilidad de estos alimentos y bebidas. Para los hogares de ingresos bajos, los aumentos de los ingresos fueron mayores que los aumentos de los precios, por lo que las bebidas azucaradas y los alimentos no esenciales de alto contenido calórico no se pasaron a ser menos asequibles, ni siquiera después de la introducción de los impuestos en el 2014. Las tasas impositivas tendrían que aumentar de manera significativa para reducir la asequibilidad, y deberían ajustarse en función del crecimiento económico para compensar los aumentos de los ingresos familiares.

ABSTRACT Objectives. This study had two objectives: first, to estimate trends in affordability of sugar-sweetened beverages and nonessential energy-dense foods from 2010 to 2022 in Mexico, both nationally and by household income level. The second was to simulate the effects of different tax increases for these foods and beverages to observe how much their affordability would change compared with the current scenario. Methods. We used the 2010 to 2022 rounds of the Mexican National Survey of Household Income and Expenditures. The affordability ratio was estimated as the proportion of monthly income required to purchase 16 L of sugar-sweetened beverages and 2.8 kg of nonessential energy-dense foods, amounts that reflect median monthly consumption per household. Trends in the affordability ratio and its components (e.g. income and costs) are reported. Additionally, different tax increases were simulated for 2014–2022. Results. Nationally and among low-income households, the affordability of these foods and beverages did not show significant changes before and after the implementation of the taxes on these introduced in 2014. The simulation scenarios showed that a tax of 3 pesos/L for sugar-sweetened beverages and 32% for nonessential energy-dense foods would be effective in reducing affordability at all income levels. Conclusions. Current taxes are not high enough to significantly reduce the affordability of these foods and beverages. For low-income households, increases in income were greater than the increases in prices, thus sugar-sweetened beverages and nonessential energy-dense foods did not become less affordable, even after taxes were introduced in 2014. Tax rates would need to increase significantly to reduce affordability, and they should be adjusted for economic growth to compensate for increases in household income.

Resumo: A genética é um fator que influencia o temperamento dos animais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar vacas holandesas de linhagens neozelandesas (NZ) e norte-americanas (NA) quanto à reatividade avaliada por meio de três testes de temperamento. Foram avaliadas 120 vacas da Unidade Experimental do Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA, Uruguai) de 4 grupos genéticos: NZ ou NA, mantidas sob duas estratégias alimentares: pastejo máximo ou pastejo fixo. A reatividade na ordenha (RO), a velocidade de fuga e a distância de fuga (DF) foram avaliadas em dois períodos (107,5 ± 30,3 e 173,8 ± 32,1 dias de lactação). A média das repetições por animal foi utilizada como variável dependente em modelos lineares gerais que incluíram a genética (NZ ou NA), ordem do parto (primíparas ou multíparas), estratégia alimentar (pastejo máximo ou pastejo fixo), e suas interações como efeitos fixos. Houve interação entre grupo genético e ordem do parto para RO. As diferenças entre vacas NZ e NA foram observadas apenas em multíparas, sendo que vacas NZ apresentaram valores maiores (2,93 ± 1,18) que as vacas NA (2,00 ± 0,90) (P=0,0004). As vacas NZ tiveram maior DF (4,2 ± 1,3 m) que as vacas NA (3,7 ± 1,1 m, P=0,03). A estratégia alimentar não teve efeito nas respostas dos testes. Conclui-se que a origem genética influenciou a reatividade nos testes de temperamento de RO e DF. As vacas NZ foram mais reativas ao homem e à ordenha do que as vacas NA, porém as diferenças na reatividade à ordenha foram observadas apenas em vacas multíparas.

Abstract: Genetics is a factor that influences the dairy cows’ temperament. The objective of the present study was to compare the responses to different temperament tests of New Zealand (NZ) and North American (NA) Holstein cows maintained in two different feeding strategies. A total of 120 cows from the Experimental dairy farm of the National Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute (in Spanish, INIA, Uruguay) were grouped into two Holstein strains: NZ or NA, and two feeding strategies: Grass Maximum or Grass Fixed. Milking reactivity (MR), Flight speed and Distance (FD) were assessed in two periods (107.5 ± 30.3 and 173.8 ± 32.1 days in milk). The averages of these repetitions were used in general linear models with Holstein strains (NZ vs. NA), parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), feeding system (Grass Maximum vs. Grass Fixed), and all two-factor interactions as fixed effects. For MR, there was an interaction between strains and parity. The difference between NZ and NA was observed only for multiparous cows, with higher MR in NZ (2.93 ± 1.18) than in NA (2.00 ± 0.90) (P=0.0004). The NZ cows had longer FD (4.2 ± 1.3 m) than NA cows (3.7 ± 1.1 m) (P=0.03). Feeding system did not affect the cow’s reactivity. In conclusion, dairy Holstein cows’ genetic strain was a factor related to MR and FD tests. In the milking parlor, multiparous NZ cows were more reactive than NA, which did not happen for the primiparous ones. The NZ cows were more reactive to humans than NA in the paddock, exhibiting longer flight distances.

Resumen: La genética es un factor que influye en el temperamento animal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la respuesta a tres pruebas de temperamento de vacas Holando neozelandesas (NZ) y norteamericanas (NA) bajo dos estrategias de alimentación. Ciento veinte vacas de la Unidad Experimental del Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA, Uruguay) fueron agrupadas en una combinación de dos orígenes genéticos: NZ o NA, con dos estrategias de alimentación: Máximo pasto o Pasto fijo. La reactividad al ordeñe (RO), la velocidad de fuga y la distancia de fuga (DF) fueron evaluadas en dos períodos (107,5 ± 30,3 y 173,8 ± 32,1 días en leche), y el promedio de esas dos mediciones por animal fue utilizado en modelos lineales generales con la genética (NZ vs NA), la paridad (primíparas vs multíparas), la estrategia de alimentación (Máximo pasto vs. Pasto fijo) y sus interacciones como efectos fijos. Hubo una interacción entre origen genético y paridad para la RO. Las diferencias entre vacas NZ y NA fueron solo observadas en multíparas, presentando mayores valores las vacas NZ (2,93 ± 1,18) que las NA (2,00 ± 0,90) (P=0.0004). Las vacas NZ presentaron mayor DF (4,2 ± 1,3 m) que vacas NA (3,7 ± 1,1 m) (P=0,03). La estrategia de alimentación no afectó la respuesta a ninguna prueba. En conclusión, el origen genético de vacas lecheras Holstein influenció la reactividad a las pruebas de temperamento RO y DF. Las vacas NZ fueron más reactivas al humano y al ordeñe que las vacas NA, pero las diferencias en RO fueron solo observadas en vacas multíparas.

Schiff bases are diverse organic compounds with an azomethine structure (–C=N–), holding potential in both chemistry and biology. They serve as catalysts, stabilizers, and exhibit various biological activities. The molecular structure of Schiff bases influences their biological properties, including antimicrobial effects. Redox-active compounds with more negative potentials tend to be more effective against microbes. In one of our recent studies, we explored the antimicrobial properties of two Schiff bases derivatives, SB-1 ((E)-4-amino-3-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino) and SB-2 ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline). SB-1 showed antibacterial activity against certain Gram-positive bacteria, while SB-2 did not. The difference in their cyclic voltametric profiles, especially SB-1’s more negative reduction potential, prompted us to carry out further characterizations, including scan-rate studies, solvent analysis, and computational calculations. We found that SB-1, which presents a stable intramolecular hydrogen bond, undergoes irreversible oxidation, likely at the –NH2 group, and a quasi-reversible reduction via an intramolecular reductive coupling of the (–C=N–) azomethine group, supported by orbital theoretical calculations. This research sheds light on the potential applications of Schiff bases in antimicrobial contexts, guided by their redox properties and structure. –C=N–, CN –C=N– , C N biology catalysts stabilizers activities effects Redoxactive Redox active microbes studies derivatives SB1 SB 1 SB- E4amino33,5ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino E4amino335ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino Eaminoditertbutylhydroxybenzylideneamino E 4 amino 3 3,5 di tert butyl 2 hydroxybenzylidene 5 ((E)-4-amino-3-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino SB2 E24nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline. E24nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline Enitrobenzilideneaminoaniline nitrobenzilidene aniline . ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline) Grampositive Gram positive bacteria not profiles SB1s SBs s characterizations scanrate scan rate analysis calculations SB1, 1, bond oxidation NH2 NH –NH group quasireversible quasi reversible (–C=N– contexts –C=N E4amino33 5ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino ditertbutyl hydroxybenzylideneamino 35 3, nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline (–C=N Eamino E4amino3 ditertbutylhydroxybenzylideneamino E4amino

This work evaluated the use of corncob as a support for the immobilization of an extracellular fructosyltransferase (E.C. 2.4.1.9) from Aspergillus oryzae IPT-301, aiming at the synthesis of a stable biocatalyst for the production of fructooligosaccharides. The transfructosylation activity of the immobilized enzyme was maximized via experimental design. Additionally, the biochemical properties and stability of the immobilized enzyme, as well as the reaction kinetics, were determined. The enzyme immobilized on alkali-treated corncob showed the highest transfructosylation activity at 50 °C and pH 5.5. It also presented a wide pH stability and a half-life around 1.4 times greater than the soluble enzyme. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme showed 53% of retention of catalytic activity in a second consecutive reaction cycle, showing the potential for reuse. These results suggest that alkali-treated corncob is a promising support material for the synthesis of heterogeneous biocatalysts aiming at fructooligosaccharide production, which can contribute to the valorization of this abundant agro-waste. E.C. EC E C (E.C 2.4.1.9 2419 2 4 1 9 IPT301, IPT301 IPT 301, 301 IPT-301 fructooligosaccharides design Additionally kinetics determined alkalitreated alkali treated 5 55 5.5 halflife half life 14 1. Furthermore 53 cycle reuse agrowaste. agrowaste agro waste. waste agro-waste E.C 2.4.1. 241 IPT30 30 IPT-30 5. 2.4.1 24 IPT3 3 IPT-3 2.4. IPT- 2.4 2.

Resumen Hay una necesidad de nuevas alternativas al uso medicinal de alopurinol. En este sentido, el presente estudio obtuvo un extracto de hojas de L. leucocephala al cual se le determinó su composición química, acción inhibitoria contra xantina oxidasa (XO) in vitro, interacción inhibitoria entre el extracto y alopurinol, y acción inhibitoria contra XO in vivo empleando ratones bajo administración de hipoxantina y oxonato de potasio. Compuestos polifenoles y flavonoides fueron detectados y cuantificados en el extracto de hojas. Para el extracto solo, su valor IC50 y máximo de inhibición contra XO fueron de 334.60 µg/mL y 46.4 %. La combinación a una proporción 3:1 de alopurinol y extracto obtuvo valores IC50 y waDRI de 1.35 µg/mL, 1.13 (alopurinol) y 1015.72 (extracto) para inhibir a XO, resultando en una interacción sinérgica contra XO in vitro. Donde esta misma combinación incrementó el éxito terapéutico en el modelo murino al compararse con la administración de alopurinol solo. Nuestro estudio presenta la primera evidencia para el uso de una combinación de alopurinol y extracto de L. leucocephala a una proporción 3:1 como un sustituto para la administración de alopurinol solo.

Abstract There is a need for novel alternatives to the medical use of allopurinol. In this sense, the present study obtained a leaf extract from L. leucocephala, and its chemical composition, inhibitory action against xanthine oxidase (XO) in vitro, inhibitory interaction between the extract and allopurinol, and the inhibitory action on XO in vivo using mice treated with potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine, were determined. Polyphenol and flavonoid compounds were found in the leaf extract. For the leaf extract, the IC50 and maximal values were 334.60 µg/mL and 46.4 % for the inhibition of XO. The 3:1 ratio combination of allopurinol and extract showed IC50 and waDRI values of 1.35 µg/mL, 1.13 (allopurinol) and 1015.72 (extract) to inhibit XO, resulting in a synergistic interaction against XO in vitro. This combination also enhanced the therapeutic success in the mouse model compared with allopurinol administered alone. The present study presents the first evidence for the use of an allopurinol and L. leucocephala extract combination at a 3:1 ratio, as a substitute for the administration of allopurinol alone.

Resumen La inclusión financiera es un desafío significativo en América Latina, por lo que resulta relevante proponer nuevos enfoques y modelos de negocio que ayuden a cerrar la brecha de acceso a servicios financieros para los segmentos menos atendidos. En esta línea, evaluamos la intención de uso de una plataforma para comprar criptomonedas como activo de inversión, para personas que invierten en instrumentos alternativos como estos, en donde el elemento innovador constituye que las criptos pueden darse en préstamo a personas vulnerables con tasas convenientes para ambas partes. De esta forma, con base en el modelo de la teoría unificada de aceptación y uso de tecnología o UTAUT de adopción tecnológica, los resultados muestran que la influencia social y la confianza son las variables que explican en mayor medida la intención de su uso. Los hallazgos de este estudio generan nueva evidencia para el desarrollo de modelos de negocio innovadores, así como una contribución pertinente para la política pública en relación con el desarrollo del ecosistema fintech en América Latina.

Abstract Financial inclusion is a significant challenge in Latin America, so it is relevant to propose new approaches and business models that help close the gap in access to financial services for underserved segments. In this line, we evaluate the intended use of a platform to buy cryptocurrencies as an investment asset for people who invest in alternative instruments such as these, where the innovative element constitutes that cryptos can be given on loan to vulnerable people with convenient rates for both parties. Thus, based on the Unified Technology Acceptance and Use Theory (UTAUT) model of technology adoption, the results show that social influence and trust are the variables that explain, to a greater extent, the intention to use them. The findings of this study generate new evidence for the development of innovative business models, as well as a relevant contribution to public policy concerning the development of the fintech ecosystem in Latin America.

Resumen Antecedentes: Eriobotrya japonica es de importancia económica como árbol ornamental, y sus hojas tienen propiedades medicinales. Pregunta: ¿Cuáles son los principales componentes químicos de las hojas de níspero en una población del centro de Veracruz México? ¿Tiene el extracto metanólico propiedades antidiabéticas potenciales a través de la inhibición de la α-glucosidasa? Especie de estudio: Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) Sitio y año de estudio: Xalapa, Veracruz, México, 2021-2022. Materiales y métodos: Se determinó el contenido total de carbono (C) y nitrógeno (N), fósforo (P), sodio (Na), potasio (K), calcio (Ca) y magnesio (Mg) en el polvo foliar. Se analizó el extracto metanólico de hoja (LME) de E. japonica para determinar la inhibición de la α-glucosidasa. Además, se detectaron diferentes grupos de metabolitos secundarios mediante el análisis metabolómico dirigido a fenólicos/volátiles. Resultados: Las hojas de E. japonica son ricas en C y minerales como Na, K, Ca y Mg, y contienen altos niveles de flavonoides y procianidina B2. El extracto metanólico foliar (LME) inhibió eficazmente la actividad de la α-glucosidasa (86.05 ± 0.73 %) in vitro. Además, un extracto de éter de petróleo (LPE) de hoja contiene principalmente fitol, ácido palmítico, ácido linoleico, ácido esteárico y acetato de fitol. Conclusiones: El extracto metanólico de la hoja exhibió potencial antidiabético debido a su potente inhibición de la α-glucosidasa y la presencia de diversos compuestos fenólicos, incluidos flavonoides y sus derivados glucósidos, y algunos ácidos grasos respaldan el uso tradicional de E. japonica como medicina herbaria con efectos antidiabéticos.

Abstract Background: Eriobotrya japonica is economically significant as an ornamental tree, and its leaves have medicinal properties. Question: What are the main chemical components of loquat leaves grown in a population of Central Veracruz Mexico? and does the methanolic extract have potential antidiabetic properties through α-glucosidase inhibition? Species study: Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) Study site and date: Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, 2021-2022. Methods: Total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were determined in leaves powder. Leaf methanol extract of E. japonica was tested for α-glucosidase inhibition. Also, different groups of secondary metabolites were detected by the phenolics/volatile-targeted metabolomic analysis. Results: The leaves of E. japonica are rich in C and minerals such as Na, K, Ca, and Mg, and contain high levels of flavonoids, and procyanidin B2. The leaf methanol extract (LME) effectively inhibited α-glucosidase activity (86.05 ± 0.73 %) in vitro. In addition, a leaf petroleum ether extract (LPE) contains mainly phytol, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and phytol acetate. Conclusions: The leaf methanolic extract exhibited antidiabetic potential due to its potent α-glucosidase inhibition, and the presence of diverse phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and their glycoside derivatives, and some fatty acids further supports the traditional use of E. japonica as an herbal medicine with antidiabetic properties.

RESUMEN El síndrome de fuga capilar es una complicación única de etiología variable que se caracteriza por la extravasación de líquidos en el espacio intersticial por la pérdida de proteínas a causa del envenenamiento por mordeduras de serpientes. Se describe el caso clínico de un niño de 12 años, natural del distrito de Napo en la ciudad de Iquitos en la Amazonía peruana, quien presentó edema y aumento del volumen del rostro por la mordedura de una serpiente del género Bothrops en cara lateral de la pierna derecha, posteriormente fue hospitalizado y se le diagnosticó de ofidismo grave complicado con edema de cara. El paciente recibió ocho viales de antiveneno, antibióticos y analgésicos. Finalmente, tras ocho días de hospitalización resultó en una evolución favorable y la recuperación siendo dado de alta.

ABSTRACT Capillary leak syndrome is a unique complication characterized by extravasation of liquids in the interstitial space due to protein loss caused by snakebite envenoming. We describe the case of a 12-year-old boy from the district of Napo in the city of Iquitos in the Peruvian Amazon, who had edema and increased face volume due to the bite of a snake of the Bothrops genus in the lateral aspect of the right leg; he was the hospitalized and diagnosed with severe ophidism complicated with face edema. The patient received eight vials of antivenin, antibiotics and analgesics. Finally, the patient was discharged from the hospital after eight days of hospitalization, with favorable evolution and recovery.

RESUMEN En el presente trabajo se validó la técnica espectrofotométrica utilizada para la determinación de la Furvina® en el ensayo de disolución del Vitrofural®. Se realizó una validación exhaustiva, y los parámetros a evaluar fueron: linealidad, especificidad, precisión, exactitud, estabilidad de las disoluciones analíticas y evaluación del efecto del filtro. El método de ensayo resultó ser lineal en el intervalo de concentraciones de 9 µg/mL a 14 µg/mL, específico, preciso y exacto. Las disoluciones analíticas, protegidas de la luz y a temperatura ambiente, son estables por un período de una hora después de su preparación. La filtración con papel (tamaño de poro: 5 µm-11 µm) resultó ser una alternativa efectiva. Atendiendo a los resultados, se concluye que el método de ensayo es adecuado para los fines previstos.

ABSTRACT In this work, the spectrophotometric technique used for the determination of Furvina® in the Vitrofural® dissolution test was validated. A thorough validation was carried out, where the parameters to be evaluated were: linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy, stability of the analytical solutions and evaluation of the filter effect. The test method proved to be linear in the concentration range of 9 µg/mL to 14 µg/mL, specific, precise and accurate. The analytical solutions, protected from light and at room temperature, are stable for a period of one hour after their preparation. Filtration with paper (pore size: 5 µm-11 µm) proved to be an effective alternative. Based on the results, it is concluded that the test method is suitable for the intended purposes.

Resumen Introducción: La insuficiencia cardíaca, enfermedad con alta prevalencia y mortalidad, presenta baja incorporación de cuidados paliativos (CP) a pesar de su necesidad. En Colombia, la falta de indicadores para monitorear la integración de CP en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca dificulta la implementación de estrategias efectivas. Se propone utilizar un modelo de clasificación para monitorear la integración de CP en el sistema de salud colombiano. Objetivo: Consensuar un conjunto de indicadores evaluados por su relevancia y factibilidad para monitorear la integración de cuidados paliativos en insuficiencia cardíaca en el sistema de salud colombiano. Método: Se realizó un proceso de consenso Delphi en dos rondas, incluyendo expertos de las distintas regiones del país. Se utilizó una encuesta en línea sobre nueve indicadores relacionados con la integración de cuidados paliativos en insuficiencia cardíaca en el sistema de salud colombiano. Se valoró en cada indicador su relevancia y factibilidad. Resultados: Participaron 17 expertos de todas las regiones de Colombia, el 76% eran médicos y el 24% profesionales de enfermería; en su gran mayoría (65%) pertenecían a sociedades científicas como la Asociación Colombiana de Cuidados Paliativos. Todos los indicadores alcanzaron un puntaje > 7.0 con respecto a su relevancia y factibilidad. El indicador Voluntad anticipada en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca fue considerado el más relevante y factible, seguido de Cuidados paliativos domiciliarios para personas con insuficiencia cardíaca. Conclusiones: Se consensuaron ocho de los nueve indicadores propuestos para evaluar la integración de los cuidados paliativos en el tratamiento de insuficiencia cardíaca en Colombia.

Abstract Introduction: Heart failure, a disease with high prevalence and mortality, presents low incorporation of palliative care (PC) despite its necessity. In Colombia, the lack of indicators to monitor the integration of PC in the treatment of heart failure hinders the implementation of effective strategies. It is proposed to use a classification model to monitor the integration of palliative care in the Colombian health system. Objective: To reach a consensus on a set of indicators evaluated for their relevance and feasibility to monitor the integration of palliative care in heart failure in the Colombian health system. Method: A Delphi consensus process was carried out in two rounds, including experts from different regions of the country. An online survey was used on nine indicators related to the integration of palliative care in heart failure in the Colombian health system. Each indicator was evaluated for its relevance and feasibility. Results: Seventeen experts from all regions of Colombia participated, 76% were physicians and 24% nursing professionals; the vast majority (65%) belonged to scientific societies such as the Colombian Association of Palliative Care. All the indicators scored > 7.0 with respect to their relevance and feasibility. The Advance directives in people with heart failure indicator was considered the most relevant and feasible followed by home palliative care for people with heart failure. Conclusions: Based on feasibility and relevance there was consensus on eight of the nine indicators proposed to evaluate the integration of palliative care in the treatment of heart failure in Colombia.

ABSTRACT The beef is one of the main sources of nutrients for a balanced diet. In this context, several authors have reported that grass-fed beef presents low levels of intramuscular fat and high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Some studies have noted that forage fatty acid content is variable between species and their varieties, and that can affect fatty acid profile in beef. The aim of this study was to evaluate beef quality from three different types of pastures in southern Chile. A group of 45 Holstein Friesian steers were finished in the spring months with three different types of pastures from temperate rainy climate: Improved pasture (P), Lolium perenne L.-based pasture (LT), and Lolium multiflorum Lam.-based pasture (LM). The steers were separated into groups of 15 for treatment. Nonsignificant differences were found in carcass measurements and P treatment showed a higher intramuscular content than LM treatment (2.26% vs. 1.42%) and greater presence of SFA: 42.4% vs. 40.3% reported in LM treatment. While LM presented a higher n-6 fatty acids: 4.42% related to P treatment: 3.13%. Regardless of the type of pasture, it can be confirmed that meat from pasture systems presents low intramuscular fat and a better ratio of n-6/n-3.

RESUMEN El síndrome de fuga capilar es una complicación única de etiología variable que se caracteriza por la extravasación de líquidos en el espacio intersticial por la pérdida de proteínas a causa del envenenamiento por mordeduras de serpientes. Se describe el caso clínico de un niño de 12 años, natural del distrito de Napo en la ciudad de Iquitos en la Amazonía peruana, quien presentó edema y aumento del volumen del rostro por la mordedura de una serpiente del género Bothrops en cara lateral de la pierna derecha, posteriormente fue hospitalizado y se le diagnosticó de ofidismo grave complicado con edema de cara. El paciente recibió ocho viales de antiveneno, antibióticos y analgésicos. Finalmente, tras ocho días de hospitalización resultó en una evolución favorable y la recuperación siendo dado de alta.

ABSTRACT Capillary leak syndrome is a unique complication characterized by extravasation of liquids in the interstitial space due to protein loss caused by snakebite envenoming. We describe the case of a 12-year-old boy from the district of Napo in the city of Iquitos in the Peruvian Amazon, who had edema and increased face volume due to the bite of a snake of the Bothrops genus in the lateral aspect of the right leg; he was the hospitalized and diagnosed with severe ophidism complicated with face edema. The patient received eight vials of antivenin, antibiotics and analgesics. Finally, the patient was discharged from the hospital after eight days of hospitalization, with favorable evolution and recovery.

ABSTRACT. Using satellite sensor data for studying sea surface temperature (SST) provides advantages over in situ information, such as obtaining data from large areas and remote access regions in short periods. However, differences between the SST values recorded in situ and those by satellite sensors are due to the intrinsic nature of both methods and meteorological factors. The present study aims to search the difference between SST values from in situ and satellite sensor data of 1×1 km resolution (type L4) from the Group of High-Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) for an annual cycle in a socio-ecological critical area known as the Gulf of Ulloa (GU). The linear regression, linear spline regression, and logic models showed an overestimated SST by satellites compared to in situ data, particularly at temperatures below 20°C. The overestimation can be attributed to the oceanic-atmospheric variations, which are consequences of upwelling and the time lag between the data record morning by in situ and night by satellite sensors. This finding may be relevant in decision-making for marine resource management and conservation in the GU. The information may help to seek the sustainability of this social-environmental system.

RESUMEN Reportamos el caso de un hombre de 82 años residente de Iquitos, región amazónica del Perú, con una historia de tres meses de lesiones cutáneas dolorosas de leves a moderadas en la extremidad inferior derecha. El examen clínico reveló cuatro tumores en la tibia derecha, que exhibían crecimiento exofítico, apariencia verrugosa y ulceración. Se observaron dos nódulos subcutáneos. Se observó linfadenopatía inguinal agrandada. El examen histopatológico reveló un diagnóstico de melanoma. Este caso enfatiza la necesidad de una vigilancia integral y multidisciplinaria en regiones con datos limitados sobre melanoma que conducen a un subdiagnóstico de esta malignidad. Además, destaca la importancia de la prevención primaria como la protección solar en zonas tropicales para prevenir el melanoma cutáneo, abogando por aumentar la concienciación y las medidas preventivas.

ABSTRACT We report an 82-year-old male from Iquitos, Amazon region of Peru, with a three-month history of mild-to-moderate painful skin lesions on the right lower limb. The clinical examination revealed four tumors of the right shin, exhibiting exophytic growth, verrucose appearance, and ulceration. Two subcutaneous nodules were noted. Enlarged inguinal lymphadenopathy was observed. The histopathological examination revealed a diagnosis of melanoma. This case emphasizes the need for comprehensive and multidisciplinary surveillance in regions with limited melanoma data leading to a subdiagnosis of this malignancy. Also, it highlights the importance of primary prevention such as sun protection in tropical areas to prevent cutaneous melanoma, advocating for increasing awareness and preventive measures.