Abstract This study evaluated the influence of heating temperature variability on the degradation level of concrete by varying the exposure temperatures (200°C, 450°C, and 800°C) and concrete design strength (C25 and C40). The concretes were submitted to ultrasound tests (before and after heating) and then were ruptured by axial compression. After rupture, samples were taken from the fracture section of the specimens for microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and molecular analysis by Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the residual strength of the concrete can change significantly (values differing by more than 100%) with temperature variability in the oven. There were physicochemical changes in the concrete constituents. The variations in Raman spectra and morphological changes (SEM images) allowed to analyze the variation in the level of degradation of concrete after exposure to fire, at the same firing step, due to temperature variation in the ovens, being compatible with the results of compressive strength and ultrasonic wave propagation velocity (UPV). Thus, the study highlights the need for adequate mapping of the heat in the oven and monitoring of the temperature of specimens in studies of concrete at high temperatures. 200°C, 200C C 200 (200°C 450C 450 450°C 800°C 800C 800 C25 (C2 C40. C40 . C40) before compression rupture SEM, SEM , (SEM) spectroscopy values 100% 100 constituents images fire step ovens UPV. UPV (UPV) Thus 200°C 20 45 80 C2 (C C4 10 (UPV 2 4 8 1

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a influência da variabilidade da temperatura de aquecimento no nível de degradação de concretos, variando-se temperatura de exposição (200°C, 450°C e 800°C) e resistência de projeto do concreto (C25 e C40). Os concretos foram submetidos a ensaios de ultrassom (antes e depois do aquecimento), e, posteriormente, foram rompidos à compressão axial. Após a ruptura foram retiradas amostras da seção de fratura dos corpos de prova para análises microestruturais, por microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV), e análises moleculares, por espectroscopia Raman. Os resultados mostraram que a resistência residual dos concretos pode mudar de maneira significativa (valores divergindo em mais de 100%) com a variabilidade de temperatura no forno. Houve alterações físico-químicas dos constituintes do concreto. As variações nos espectros Raman e as alterações morfológicas (imagens em MEV) permitiram verificar a variação do nível de degradação do concreto após exposição ao fogo, em uma mesma etapa de queima, devido variação de temperatura nos fornos, sendo compatíveis com os resultados de resistência à compressão e com os de ultrassom (velocidade do pulso ultrassônico). Dessa forma, o estudo evidencia a necessidade do mapeamento adequado do calor no forno e do monitoramento da temperatura dos corpos de prova, em estudos sobre concretos sob altas temperaturas. variandose variando se 200°C, 200C C 200 (200°C 450C 450 800°C 800C 800 C25 (C2 C40. C40 . C40) antes aquecimento, , aquecimento) posteriormente axial microestruturais MEV, MEV (MEV) moleculares valores 100% 100 físicoquímicas físico químicas imagens fogo queima fornos velocidade ultrassônico. ultrassônico ultrassônico) forma temperaturas 200°C 20 45 80 C2 (C C4 (MEV 10 2 4 8 1

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of fluoride varnishes containing micrometric or nanosized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on dentin erosive wear in vitro. Bovine root dentin blocks were selected by surface hardness and randomly divided into five experimental groups/varnishes (n = 20/group): placebo, 5% sodium fluoride (NaF); 5% NaF+5% micrometric TMP; 5% NaF+2.5% nanosized TMP; and 5% NaF+5% nanosized TMP. Half of the surface of all blocks received a single application of the assigned varnish, with subsequent immersion in artificial saliva for 6 h. Varnishes were then removed and the blocks were immersed in citric acid (90 s, 4×/day, 5 days). After each erosive cycle, ten blocks of each group were immersed in a placebo dentifrice for 15 s (ERO), while the other ten blocks were subjected to abrasion by brushing (ERO+ABR). Dentin erosive wear was assessed by profilometry. Data were submitted to 2-way ANOVA and to the Holm-Sidak test (p<0.05). Dentin erosive wear was significantly higher for ERO+ABR than for ERO for all varnishes. TMP-containing varnishes promoted superior effects against dentin erosive wear compared with 5% NaF alone; and 5% nanosized TMP led to the lowest wear among all varnishes. In conclusion, the addition of TMP to conventional fluoride varnish (i.e., varnish containing only NaF) enhanced its protective effects against bovine root dentin erosion and erosion+abrasion. Additionally, the use of 5% nanosized TMP led to superior effects in comparison to 5% micrometric TMP, both for erosion and erosion+abrasion in vitro. (TMP vitro groupsvarnishes groups n 20/group 20group 20 20/group) (NaF) NaF5 NaF+5 NaF25 2 NaF+2.5 h 90 (9 4day day 4 4×/day days. days . days) cycle 1 ERO, , (ERO) ERO+ABR. EROABR ABR (ERO+ABR) profilometry 2way way HolmSidak Holm Sidak p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) TMPcontaining alone conclusion i.e., ie i e (i.e. erosionabrasion Additionally (NaF NaF+ NaF2 NaF+2. 9 ( (ERO (ERO+ABR p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 i.e. (i.e NaF+2 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 i.e p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

RESUMO O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um transtorno neurobiológico multifatorial do desenvolvimento; que compromete as áreas de interação e linguagem. As crianças com TEA apresentam um déficit no desenvolvimento motor e na aquisição das habilidades motoras quando comparadas com seus pares sem autismo. Outro aspecto marcante nesta população é a presença da hipotonia e a diminuição da força muscular. Pode-se observar que a redução da força muscular está intimamente ligada a níveis de condicionamento físico diminuídos, e nas crianças com TEA, este cenário é muito presente. Sendo assim, neste estudo, testou-se a viabilidade de oito semanas de um treinamento de força para uma criança com TEA, objetivando a melhora da força muscular, bem como no condicionamento físico geral. O presente estudo defende uma nova abordagem de intervenção para além dos aspectos motores, em crianças com esse transtorno. Um paciente do sexo masculino com TEA de 4 anos foi voluntário, com consentimento dos responsáveis, para uma intervenção de oito semanas de treinamento de força, onde realizou um programa de treinamento, três vezes por semana com duração média de 40 minutos. Os seguintes testes foram realizados antes e após a intervenção de oito semanas: salto horizontal, salto vertical (CMJ), arremesso com a medicine ball (2kg) e uma repetição máxima predita do levantamento terra. O exercício de levantamento terra apresentou um aumento de 32% em relação à carga inicial. Os outros exercícios também tiveram um resultado positivo quando comparados ao teste inicial (pré), tendo uma adição de 16,4% para o salto horizontal, 16% para o salto vertical e 14,7% para o arremesso com a medicine ball. Um total de oito semanas de Treinamento de força levou a melhorias no ganho de força e nos testes de condicionamento físico, sugerindo que este tipo de abordagem pode constituir uma alternativa promissora e prática aos métodos tradicionais de intervenção com crianças com TEA. O treinamento de força pode servir como uma abordagem viável para melhorar a força e o condicionamento físico geral de uma criança com TEA.

ABSTRACT Autism is a multifactorial developmental neurobiological disorder; that compromises the areas of interaction and language. Children with ASD present a deficit in motor development and in the acquisition of motor skills when compared to their peers without ASD. Another striking aspect in this population is the presence of hypotonia and decreased muscle strength. It can be seen that the decrease in muscle strength is closely linked to decreased levels of physical conditioning, and in children with ASD, this scenario is very present. Therefore, in this study, the feasibility of strength training for a child with ASD was tested, aiming to improve muscle strength and general physical conditioning. A 4-year-old male patient with ASD volunteered, with parental consent, for an 8-week strength training intervention, where he performed a training program 3 times a week with an average duration of 40 minutes. The following tests were performed before and after the 8-week intervention: horizontal jump, vertical jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw (2 kg) and a predicted maximum repetition of the deadlift. The deadlift exercise showed a 32% increase in relation to the initial load. The other exercises also had a positive result when compared to the initial test (pre), having an addition of 16.4% for the horizontal jump, 16% for the vertical jump, and 14.7% for the medicine ball throw. A total of 8 weeks of strength training led to improvements in strength gain and fitness tests, suggesting that this type of approach may constitute a promising and practical alternative to traditional methods of intervention with children with ASD. Strength training can serve as a viable approach to improving the strength and overall fitness of a child with ASD.

ABSTRACT Mining is a significant driver of soil mobilization, which impacts its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Changes in land-use affect the distribution of organic matter fractions in stable aggregates, a process that is still poorly understood, especially in drastically altered areas. Recovering and monitoring soil quality to ensure the sustainable development of agricultural crops in these areas after mining is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of agronomic practices in soil rehabilitation in a bauxite-mined area after three years of field experiment installations through an assessment of organic properties in soil and aggregate classes; an attempt was also made at proposing and elaborating a Soil Quality Index (SQI), which encompasses the soil’s physical, chemical, and organic properties. Different combinations of fertilization treatments and ground cover plants intercropping with coffee were evaluated as rehabilitation practices. The results showed that after three years of rehabilitation, when organic (OF), chemical (CF), and OF+CF fertilizers were applied to the areas of coffee intercropped with Brachiaria (B), they provided higher C and N contents to the soil and aggregates classes, as well as the compartments of soil organic matter (SOM). The minimum set of soil quality indicators for reclaimed bauxite-mined areas was composed of organic indicators: labile organic carbon (LOC) and mineral-associated organic matter (C-MOM); chemical indicators including pH and effective cation-exchange capacity (t), and physical indicators such as the bulk density (BD) and stable aggregates index in water (SAIW). The t and pH were the variables most sensitive to the management systems implanted during the rehabilitation of the mined area, and, therefore, were considered the best indicators of soil quality. Brachiaria was the cover plant that contributed most to improving the soil quality of mined bauxite areas by increasing the SQI, especially when fertilized. In general, when applied to the Brachiaria, the OF+CF fertilization presented a SQI of 0.78, differing statistically from that of the natural vegetation (1.00). Fertilizers and cover crops in association with coffee in the bauxite-mined areas improved the physical, chemical, and organic properties of the soil, thus representing a viable option for reconditioning mineral exploration areas. mobilization landuse land use understood challenging bauxitemined classes , (SQI) soils s OF, OF (OF) CF, CF (CF) OFCF B, B (B) SOM. SOM . (SOM) LOC (LOC mineralassociated associated CMOM MOM (C-MOM) cationexchange cation exchange t, (t) BD (BD SAIW. SAIW (SAIW) therefore fertilized general 078 0 78 0.78 1.00. 100 1.00 1 00 (1.00) (SQI (OF (CF (B (SOM (C-MOM (t (SAIW 07 7 0.7 10 1.0 (1.00 0. 1. (1.0 (1. (1 (

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effects of fluoride (F) gels supplemented with micrometric or nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMPmicro and TMPnano, respectively) on the in vitro remineralization of caries-like lesions. Methodology Bovine enamel subsurface lesions (n=168) were selected according to their surface hardness (SH) and randomly divided into seven groups (n=24/group): Placebo (without F/TMP), 4,500 ppm F (4500F), 4500F + 2.5% TMPnano (2.5% Nano), 4500F + 5% TMPnano (5% Nano), 4500F + 5% TMPmicro (5% Micro), 9,000 ppm F (9000F), and 12,300 ppm F (Acid gel). The gels were applied in a thin layer for one minute. Half of the blocks were subjected to pH cycling for six days, whereas the remaining specimens were used for loosely- (calcium fluoride; CaF2) and firmly-bound (fluorapatite; FA) fluoride analysis. The percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR), area of subsurface lesion (ΔKHN), CaF2, FA, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) on/in enamel were determined. Data (log10-transformed) were subjected to ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls’ test (p<0.05). Results We observed a dose-response relation between F concentrations in the gels without TMP for %SHR and ΔKHN. The 2.5% Nano and 5% Micro reached similar %SHR when compared with 9000F and Acid gels. For ΔKHN, Placebo and 5% Nano gels had the highest values, and 5% Micro, 2.5% Nano, 9000F, and Acid gels, the lowest. All groups had similar retained CaF2 values, except for Placebo and Acid gel. We verified observed an increase in Ca concentrations in nano-sized TMP groups. Regarding P, TMP groups showed similar formation and retention to 9000F and Acid. Conclusion Adding 2.5% nano-sized or 5% micrometric TMP to low-fluoride gels lead to enhanced in vitro remineralization of artificial caries lesions. (F nanosized nano sized respectively carieslike like n=168 n168 n 168 (n=168 SH (SH n=24/group n24group ngroup 24 group (n=24/group) F/TMP, FTMP F/TMP , F/TMP) 4500 4 500 4,50 4500F, (4500F) 25 2 5 2.5 (2.5 Nano) (5 Micro) 9000 9 000 9,00 (9000F) 12300 12 300 12,30 gel . gel) minute days loosely CaF firmlybound firmly bound fluorapatite (fluorapatite FA analysis %SHR, SHR (%SHR) ΔKHN (ΔKHN) Ca, (Ca) P (P onin determined log10transformed logtransformed log10 transformed log (log10-transformed StudentNewmanKeuls Student Newman Keuls Student-Newman-Keuls p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) doseresponse dose response values lowest lowfluoride low n=16 n16 16 (n=16 (n=24/group 450 50 4,5 (4500F 2. (2. ( 900 00 9,0 (9000F 1230 1 30 12,3 (%SHR (ΔKHN (Ca log1 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 n=1 n1 (n=1 45 4, (2 90 9, 123 3 12, p0 p<0. (p<0.0 n= (n= p<0 (p<0. (n p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumen Este artículo investiga cómo se abordó la crisis del abastecimiento de agua en la Región Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) durante el bienio 2014-2015. Se enfocan aspectos de monopolio de la información y movilización de conocimientos científicos por parte de la Empresa de Saneamiento Básico del Estado de São Paulo y del Gobierno del Estado de São Paulo, así como la instrumentación de estos aspectos en la comunicación masiva dedicada al episodio. Apoyados en los Estudios Sociales en Ciencia y Tecnología y teoría del framing, se analizaron 63 documentos publicados por estos actores. Los resultados apuntan a un plan discursivo que buscó moldear la interpretación de la crisis, relativizando la condición de los agentes públicos y revitalizando un modelo particular de expansión de la red de abastecimiento de agua. El aporte de esta investigación es la identificación del discurso público como instrumento de acción en infraestructura de saneamiento urbano. RMSP (RMSP 20142015. 20142015 2014 2015. 2015 2014-2015 episodio framing 6 actores urbano 2014201 201 2014-201 201420 20 2014-20 20142 2 2014-2 2014-

Abstract The current article is an investigation on how the water supply crisis taking place in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (RMSP) was addressed during the 2014-2015 biennium. Aspects of information monopoly and scientific expertise mobilization by São Paulo State’s Sanitation Company and by São Paulo State’s Government were herein addressed, as well as the instrumentation of these aspects through mass communication focused on this event. In total, 63 documents published by these actors were herein analyzed based on the Social Studies of Science and Technology and on the Framing theory. Results pointed towards a discursive plan aimed at shaping the interpretation of the water supply crisis by relativizing public agents’ condition and by reinvigorating a specific water supply network-expansion model. The contribution of this investigation lies on the identification of public discourse as an instrument of action over urban sanitation infrastructures. RMSP (RMSP 20142015 2014 2015 2014-201 biennium States State s event total 6 theory agents networkexpansion network expansion model infrastructures 2014201 201 2014-20 201420 20 2014-2 20142 2 2014-

Resumo Este artigo investiga a forma como foi discursada a crise de abastecimento hídrico registrada na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), durante o biênio 2014-2015. São enfocados aspectos de monopólio de informações e mobilização da expertise científica pela Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo e pelo Governo do Estado de São Paulo, e da instrumentação desses aspectos na comunicação massiva dedicada ao episódio. Amparados nos Estudos Sociais de Ciência e Tecnologia e na teoria do enquadramento (framing), foram analisados 63 documentos publicados por esses atores. Os resultados apontam para um plano discursivo que buscou moldar a interpretação da crise, relativizando a condição dos agentes públicos e revigorando determinado modelo de expansão da rede de abastecimento hídrico. A contribuição dessa investigação é a identificação do discurso público como instrumento de ação sobre a infraestrutura urbana de saneamento básico. RMSP, RMSP , (RMSP) 20142015. 20142015 2014 2015. 2015 2014-2015 episódio framing, framing (framing) 6 atores básico (RMSP 2014201 201 2014-201 (framing 201420 20 2014-20 20142 2 2014-2 2014-

Abstract UVB-irradiation increases the risk of various skin disorders, therefore leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. In this sense, antioxidant-rich herbs such as Rosmarinus officinalis may be useful in minimizing the damage promoted by reactive oxygen species. In this work, we report the efficacy of a R. officinalis hydroethanolic extract (ROe)-loaded emulgel in preventing UVB-related skin damage. Total phenols were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and the main phytocomponents in the extract were identified by UHPLC-HRMS. Moreover, in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) value of ROe was also assessed, and we investigated the in vivo protective effect of an emulgel containing ROe against UVB-induced damage in an animal model. The ROe exhibited commercially viable SPF activity (7.56 ± 0.16) and remarkable polyphenolic content (24.15 ± 0.11 mg (Eq.GA)/g). HPLC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS results showcased that the main compounds in ROe were: rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid and carnosol. The evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activity demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of ROe against several radicals and the capacity to reduce iron. Therefore, we demonstrated that topical application of the formulation containing ROe inhibited edema formation, myeloperoxidase activity, GSH depletion and maintained ferric reducing (FRAP) and ABTS scavenging abilities of the skin after UVB exposure. UVBirradiation irradiation disorders stress sense antioxidantrich rich species work R ROeloaded loaded UVBrelated related FolinCiocalteu Folin Ciocalteu assay UHPLCHRMS. UHPLCHRMS UHPLC HRMS. HRMS Moreover (SPF assessed UVBinduced induced model 7.56 756 7 56 (7.5 0.16 016 0 16 24.15 2415 24 15 (24.1 011 11 0.1 Eq.GA/g. EqGAg Eq.GA /g . Eq GA g (Eq.GA)/g) HPLCMS HPLC MS carnosol dosedependent dose dependent iron Therefore formation FRAP (FRAP exposure 7.5 75 5 (7. 01 1 24.1 241 2 (24. 0. Eq.GA/g EqGA (Eq.GA)/g 7. (7 24. (24 ( (2

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Curitiba, Brazil. METHODS: Upper respiratory samples from 1077 HCWs were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from June 16, 2020 to December 9, 2020. RESULTS: Overall, 32.7% of HCWs were infected. The positivity rates in symptomatic and asymptomatic HCWs were 39.2% and 15.9%, respectively. Hospital departments categorized as high-risk for exposure had the highest number of infected HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and isolation of infected HCWs remain key in controlling SARS-CoV-2 transmission because HCWs in close contact with COVID-19 patients are more likely to be infected than those who are not.

Abstract Antimicrobial activity of honey has lately drawn researchers’ attention, especially due to the fact that its antimicrobial capacity has been proven. The aim of this study was analyzing bactericidal and bacteriostatic action in the pathogenic microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans of honey samples from five regions of the state of Paraná. Candida albicans yeast showed to be more resistant to honey than the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimal inhibitory concentration found for the three microorganisms tested was 12.5% to 25%. The minimal bactericidal concentration, in its turn, was 25% for bacteria and 25% to 50% for yeast. The samples from the Southern area had the best results for both the minimal inhibitory and the bactericidal concentrations. Through physicochemical and phyto-chemical analysis, we observed that several factors are associated to the bactericidal capacity of honey. In conclusion, honey is an excellent bactericidal agent with a great biotechnological potential. Its properties are directly related to its geographic origin, which gives each type of honey its own characteristics.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta um estudo comparativo da aplicação de um experimento de física de eletrodinâmica básica, quando realizado num Laboratório Tradicional (LT) e num Laboratório Remoto (LR) via internet. Para analisar e validar os resultados, realizamos uma análise estatística do ganho de aprendizagem, tamanho do efeito da metodologia aplicada, confiabilidade do questionário de pré-teste e pós-teste e análise da variância das respostas dos estudantes. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma amostra de 304 alunos de cinco escolas distintas de ensino médio da cidade de Guaratinguetá do estado de São Paulo – Brasil. Para manter a fidelidade do estudo, a construção do experimento de eletrodinâmica foi a mesma, tanto no formato tradicional quanto no formato remoto. Os alunos de cada uma das cinco escolas, foram separados em turmas A e B e submetidos a um pré-teste contendo 10 questões para verificação do conhecimento inicial sobre o tema. Em sequência, os alunos da turma A tiveram acesso ao LT enquanto os da turma B ao LR para realização do experimento. Ao final do processo, foi aplicado um pós-teste contendo 10 questões para verificação do conhecimento após o estudo experimental. A estatística dos resultados mostrou resultados equivalentes entre as turmas A e B no processo de aprendizagem em todas as escolas analisadas.

Abstract This paper presents a comparative study of simple electrodynamics experiment, when performed in the Traditional Laboratory (TL) and in the Remote Laboratory (RL) via the internet. Analyze and validate the results, performing an statistical analysis of the learning gain, size of the applied methodology, reliability of the pre-test and post-test questionnaire and analysis of the variance of the students' responses. The research was applied with 304 students from five high schools in the city of Guaratinguetá in the state of São Paulo - Brazil. In order to maintain the fidelity of the study, the construction of the electrodynamic remote experiment was similar the traditional format. Students from each of the five schools were separated into classes A and B prepared a pre-test containing 10 questions for the selection of initial knowledge on the topic. In sequence, students in class A had access to the TL while those in class B to the RL to perform the experiment. At the end of the process, it was submitted to a test containing 10 questions to verify the knowledge after the experimental study. Final results had show equivalente learning between classes A and B in all schools analyzed.

Resumo A teoria das instituições e da mudança institucional desenvolvida por Douglass North reserva um papel especial para a cultura, sinalizando, com isso, um conjunto de diretrizes estratégicas de pesquisas em algumas áreas do conhecimento: teoria econômica e do desenvolvimento; historiografia econômica; desenvolvimento regional/local; planejamento, regulação, gestão e avaliação de políticas públicas. Este artigo, portanto, apresenta em sua parte conclusiva uma agenda propositiva de pesquisas a partir da contribuição seminal de North. Todavia, antes, preparando o terreno para o alcance do objetivo delineado, apresenta os conceitos fundamentais da teoria das instituições e da mudança institucional do autor, estabelecendo elementos de conectividade analítica estrutural (instituições, organizações, matriz institucional e dependência da trajetória). Em seguida, apresenta a importância da cultura em seu constructo teórico, principalmente como a chave para a compreensão da dependência de trajetória.

Abstract The theory of institutions and institutional change developed by Douglass North reserves a special role for culture, thus signaling a set of strategic research guidelines in some areas of knowledge: economic and development theory; economic historiography; regional/local development; planning, regulation, management and evaluation of public policies. This paper therefore presents in its concluding part a purposeful research agenda from North’s seminal contribution. However, before preparing the ground for the achievement of the delineated objective, it presents the fundamental concepts of the author’s theory of institutions and institutional change, establishing elements of structural analytical connectivity (institutions, organizations, institutional matrix and path dependence). It then presents the importance of culture in its theoretical construct, especially as the key to understanding the path dependence.

Resumen Introducción: la especie Hyptis martiusii Benth, comúnmente llamada "cidreira do campo", tiene múltiples propiedades biológicas, como ser insecticida, antifúngica y antiinflamatoria. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la actividad moduladora del aceite esencial de las hojas frescas de Hyptis martiusii en asociación con diferentes antibióticos contra las bacterias Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, y evaluar la actividad citotóxica de la especie. Materiales y métodos: el estudio utilizó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) como una forma de evaluar la modulación con una inoculación de 100 microlitros de cada cepa bacteriana. Las pruebas de citotoxicidad se realizaron mediante cultivo in vitro de células de tejido conectivo de ratón (fibroblastos de mamíferos). Resultados: la investigación demostró que el aceite esencial de las hojas de Hyptis martiusii Benth (OEHM) presenta sinergismo solo en asociación con los antibióticos gentamicina e imipenem contra las bacterias Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Escherichia coli. Sin embargo, presenta antagonismo en asociación con amikacina, gentamicina e imipenem contra las tres bacterias estudiadas. Además de la ciprofloxacina, no demostró resultados relevantes. En relación con la actividad citotóxica, la concentración letal media (CL50) exhibió un valor de 263,12 [ig/ml. Conclusión: finalmente, se reveló que la H. martiusii presenta actividad citotóxica sinérgica contra las bacterias evaluadas.

Abstract Introduction: The species Hyptis martiusii Benth. commonly called "cidreira do campo" has multiple biological properties, such as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and insecticide. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulating activity of the essential oil of the fresh leaves of Hyptis martiusii in association with different antibiotics against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as also the cytotoxic activity of this species. Materials and methods: The study used the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) as a way of assessing the modulation using an inoculation of 100 microliters of each bacterial strain. The cytotoxicity tests were conducted using in vitro culture of mouse connective tissue cells (fibroblasts of mammals). Results: The research demonstrated that the essential oil from leaves of Hyptis martiusii Benth (OEHM) presented synergism only when associated with the antibiotics gentamicin and imipenem against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. However, it presented antagonism in association with amikacin, gentamicin and imipenem against the three studied bacteria. In addition to the ciprofloxacin showed no relevant results. In relation to the cytotoxic activity the lethal concentration (LC50) exhibited a value of 263.12 [ig/ml. Conclusion: Ultimately it was established, that H. Martiusii presents a synergistic cytotoxic activity against the evaluated bacteria.

Resumo Introdução: a espécie Hyptis martiusii Benth, comumente chamada de "cidrera del campo", têm múltiplas propriedades biológicas, como ser inseticida, antifúngica e anti-inflamatória. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a atividade moduladora do óleo essencial das folhas frescas de Hyptis martiusii em associação com diferentes antibióticos contra as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, e avaliar a atividade citotóxica da espécie. Materiais e métodos: o estudo utilizou a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) como uma forma de avaliar a modulação com uma inoculação de 100 microlitros de cada estirpe bacteriana. As provas de citotoxicidade se realizaram mediante cultivo in vitro de células do tecido conectivo de camundongo (fibroblastos de mamíferos). Resultados: a pesquisa demonstrou que o óleo essencial das folhas de Hyptis martiusii Benth (OEHM) apresenta sinergismo só em associação com os antibióticos gentamicina e imipenem contra as bactérias Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Escherichia coli. No entanto, apresenta antagonismo em associação com amicacina, gentamicina e imipenem contra as três bactérias estudadas. Para além da ciprofloxacina não demonstrou resultados relevantes. Em relação com a atividade citotóxica, a concentração letal média (LC50) expôs um valor de 263,12 [ig/ml. Conclusão: finalmente, revelou-se que a H. martiusii apresenta atividade citotóxica sinérgica contra as bactérias avaliadas.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prática mental após a fisioterapia motora para manutenção dos efeitos obtidos na mobilidade funcional de pessoas com doença de Parkinson (DP). Este ensaio clínico randomizado controlado, com cegamento simples, incluiu 14 sujeitos com DP nos estágios de 1 a 3 (escala de Hoehn & Yahr), com idade entre 45 e 72 anos. Após a avaliação inicial com o Timed Up & Go (TUG), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) e Falls Efficacy Scale - International Brazil (FES-I Brasil), os sujeitos realizaram 15 sessões de fisioterapia motora. Foram reavaliados e divididos randomicamente em Grupo Controle (GC) e Grupo Prática Mental (GPM). Após a alocação, o GPM foi submetido a 10 sessões de prática mental associada a orientações de exercícios domiciliares. O GC foi orientado apenas a realizar os exercícios domiciliares. Em seguida, os grupos foram novamente reavaliados. Verificou-se que o GPM continuou apresentando redução na média de tempo do TUG na segunda reavaliação (p=0,05). Na segunda reavaliação do DGI, o GPM manteve a mesma média de escore da primeira reavaliação e o GC apresentou declínio da média. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas na comparação intergrupos dos escores na FES-I Brasil. A prática mental foi capaz de manter os ganhos obtidos pela fisioterapia na mobilidade funcional de pacientes com DP.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the use of mental practice after motor physiotherapy to maintain the effects obtained in functional mobility of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This randomized, controlled, single-blind trial included 14 subjects in stages 1 to 3 (Hoehn & Yahr), aged 45-72 years. After the initial evaluation with Timed Up & Go (TUG), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and Falls Efficacy Scale International Brazil (FES-I Brazil), the subjects performed 15 sessions of motor physical therapy. They were reevaluated and randomly divided into Control Group (CG) and Mental Practice Group (MPG). After the allocation, MPG underwent 10 sessions of mental practice associated with home exercise guidelines. CG was instructed to perform the home exercises only. The groups were then reevaluated. It was verified that MPG continued presenting a reduction in mean TUG time in the second reevaluation (p=0.05). In the second DGI reevaluation, MPG maintained the same mean score of the first reevaluation and CG presented a decrease in the mean. There were no significant differences in the intergroup comparison of FES-I Brazil scores. Mental practice was able to maintain the gains in functional mobility of patients with PD obtained through physiotherapy.

RESUMEN El propósito de esta investigación es evaluar la práctica mental tras la fisioterapia motora en el mantenimiento de los resultados en la movilidad funcional de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (DP). Este ensayo controlado aleatorizado, simple ciego, incluyó a 14 pacientes con DP entre los estadios 1 y 3 en la escala de Hoehn y Yahr, con edades entre 45 y 72 años. Después de la evaluación inicial empleando el Timed Up & Go (TUG), el Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) y el Falls Efficacy Scale - International Brazil (FES-I Brasil), los pacientes recibieron 15 sesiones de fisioterapia motora. A continuación, se los evaluaron y los dividieron aleatoriamente en el Grupo Control (GC) y el Grupo Práctica Mental (GPM). Tras esta división, el GPM recibió 10 sesiones de práctica mental asociada con ejercicios en casa. Al GC se lo orientó a hacer ejercicios solamente en casa. Después los grupos pasaron por una nueva evaluación. Se comprobó que el GPM siguió con la disminución del promedio de tiempo del TUG en la segunda evaluación (p=0,05). En la segunda evaluación del DGI, hubo un mantenimiento del promedio de la puntuación de la primera reevaluación en el GPM, mientras que esta puntuación se redujo en el GC. No hubo diferencias significativas en la comparación intergrupal de las puntuaciones en el FES-I Brasil. La práctica mental comprobó su eficacia en mantener los resultados de la fisioterapia en la movilidad funcional de pacientes con DP.