The objective of this study was to develop two simple and selective visible spectrophotometric methods for the determination of antihistamine drug triprolidine hydrochloride (TRH) in the capsules. The methods were based on the formation of ion-pair complexes between TRH and two dyes, namely, bromocresol green (BCG) and bromophenol blue (BPB). The produced ion-pair complexes were measured at 415 and 410 nm for BCG and BPB methods, respectively. Beer’s law was applicable in the concentration ranges of 2.50-15.0 μg mL-1 TRH for both methods. The molar absorptivity values were found to be 2.12 × 104 and 2.07 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1 for the BCG method and BPB method, respectively, and the Sandell’s sensitivity values were 0.0149 and 0.0152 μg cm-2. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated and found to be 0.29 and 0.86 μg mL-1 for the BCG method and 0.31 and 0.95 μg mL-1 for the BPB method. The methods were applied successfully for TRH determination in bulk drug and in the capsules. (TRH capsules ionpair ion pair dyes namely (BCG BPB. . (BPB) 41 respectively Beers Beer s 2.5015.0 250150 2.50 15.0 2 50 15 0 2.50-15. mL1 mL 1 mL- 212 12 2.1 10 207 07 2.0 mol1 mol mol- cm1 cm cm- Sandells Sandell 00149 0149 0.014 00152 0152 0.015 cm2. cm2 2. cm-2 029 29 0.2 086 86 0.8 031 31 0.3 095 95 0.9 (BPB 4 5015 2.5015. 25015 250 2.5 150 15. 5 2.50-15 21 20 0014 014 0.01 0015 015 02 0. 08 8 03 3 09 9 501 2.5015 2501 25 2.50-1 001 01 0.0 2.501 2.50- 00

Abstract Introduction: Type A acute aortic dissection (AAD) remains a challenging cardiac emergency despite the availability of various management strategies. This study compared the outcomes of supracoronary ascending aortic replacement (SCAAR) with aortic valve (AV) resuspension with those of modified Bentall's operation for type A AAD and the progression of aortic regurgitation (AR), long-term dilatation of aortic root and proximal arch, and long-term mortality in SCAAR patients. Methods: Sixty patients underwent surgery for type A AAD (January 2005 to December 2015). Forty-three patients underwent SCAAR with AV resuspension and 17 underwent modified Bentall's operation. All patients were followed up. Results: Upon follow-up of SCAAR patients (n=40), there was significant reduction in aortic root size (preoperative 39.3 mm [9.4] vs. postoperative 33.1 mm [9.1]; P<0.001). Three of these patients worsened to severe AR while others had similar or lesser degree of AR. On comparison between preoperative and postoperative dimensions of all patients (n=53), there was no significant difference in distal ascending aorta size (35.7 mm [8.1] vs. 34.4 mm [8.9]; P=0.52). However, an increase in descending thoracic aorta size (28.8 mm [7.8] vs. 33.7 mm [9.9]; P<0.001) was observed. In-hospital and late mortalities for SCAAR vs. modified Bentall's procedure were 11.7% (seven patients) (7% [3] vs. 23.5% [4]) and 28% (15 patients) (15% [6] vs. 69% [9]), respectively. Conclusion: SCAAR with AV resuspension is a safe surgical option for type A AAD. Preservation of AV is associated with better long-term outcomes and reduced mortality. Modified Bentall's operation may be associated with long-term mortality.

Two simple, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the determination of valganciclovir hydrochloride (VLGH) in pure drug and tablets. The first method was based on the reduction of iron(III) to iron(II) by VLGH and subsequent formation of iron(III)-ferricyanide complex (Prussian blue) in acid medium which was measured at 730 nm (method A). In the second method (method B), permanganate was reduced by VLGH to bluish green manganate in alkaline medium and the absorbance was measured at 610 nm. The absorbance measured in each case was related to VLGH concentration. The experimental conditions were carefully studied and optimized. Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration ranges of 2.5-20.0 and 2.0-40.0 µg mL-1 for method A and method B, respectively, with corresponding molar absorptivity values of 1.28×104 and 6.88×103 L mol-1 cm-1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.11 and 0.33 µg mL-1 (method A) and 0.21 and 0.64 µg mL-1 (method B). Within-day and between-day relative standard deviations (%RSD) at three different concentrations levels were < 2.4%, and the respective relative errors (%RE) were ≤ 3%. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of VLGH in tablets, and the results confirmed that the proposed methods were equally precise and accurate as the official method.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters in prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-diabetic patients. Forty-one patients with prediabetes (Group 1), 43 patients with T2DM (Group 2), and 41 controls (Group 3) were included. Demographic data were recorded using a questionnaire. Full-mouth clinical (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], clinical attachment loss [CAL], missing teeth [MT]) and radiographic (marginal bone loss [MBL]) parameters were measured on digital radiographs. In all groups, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were also measured. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The mean age and HbA1c levels of participants in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 53.4±3.5, 60.1 ± 0.6, and 56.6 ± 2.5 years and 6.1%, 8.4%, and 4.8%, respectively. The mean duration of prediabetes and T2DM in patients from Groups 1 and 2 were 1.9 ± 0.3 and 3.1 ± 0.5 years, respectively. PI, BOP, PD, MT, CAL, and MBL were significantly higher in Groups 1 (p < 0.05) and 2 (p < 0.05) than in Group 3. There was no statistically significant difference in these parameters in Groups 1 and 2. Periodontal parameters were worse between prediabetes and T2DM patients compared with controls; however, these parameters were comparable between prediabetes and T2DM patients.