Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of antioxidant solutions on fracture strength and bonding performance in non-vital and bleached (38% hydrogen peroxide) teeth. One hundred and eighty dentin specimens were obtained, 60 for each test: fracture strength, hybrid layer thickness, and bond strength. The groups (n=10) were randomly composed according to post-bleaching protocol: REST - restoration, without bleaching; BL - bleaching + restoration; SA - bleaching, 10% sodium ascorbate solution, and restoration; AT - bleaching, 10% α-tocopherol solution, and restoration; CRAN - bleaching, 5% cranberry solution, and restoration; CAP - bleaching, 0.0025% capsaicin solution, and restoration. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, and Qui-Square tests (α=0.05). The highest fracture strength values were observed in REST (1508.96 ±148.15 N), without significant difference for the bleached groups (p>0.05), regardless of the antioxidant use. The hybrid layer thickness in the group that was not subjected to bleaching (REST) was significantly higher than in any other group. The bond strength in the bleached and antioxidants-treated groups (SA, AT, CRAN, CAP) has no differences with the bleached group without antioxidants (BL). Adhesive failures were predominant in the groups that did not receive the antioxidant application. In conclusion, the evaluated antioxidants did not show an effect on the fracture strength, hybrid layer thickness, or bond strength of dentin bleached after endodontic treatment. The application of 10% sodium ascorbate, 10% alpha-tocopherol, 5% cranberry, or 0.0025% capsaicin solutions is not an effective step and should not be considered for the restorative protocols after non-vital bleaching.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de soluções antioxidantes na resistência à fratura e resistência de união em dentes tratados endodonticamente e clareados (38% de peróxido de hidrogênio). Cento e oitenta espécimes de dentina foram obtidos, 60 para cada teste: resistência à fratura, espessura da camada híbrida e resistência de união. Os grupos (n=10) foram compostos aleatoriamente de acordo com o protocolo pós-clareamento: REST - restauração, sem clareamento; BL - clareamento + restauração; SA - clareamento, solução de ascorbato de sódio a 10% e restauração; AT - clareamento, solução de α-tocoferol a 10% e restauração; CRAN - clareamento, solução de cranberry a 5% e restauração; CAP - clareamento, solução de capsaicina 0,0025% e restauração. Os dados foram analisados com os testes ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn e Qui-Quadrado (α=0,05). Os maiores valores de resistência à fratura foram observados em REST (1508,96 ±148,15 N), sem diferença significativa para os grupos clareados (p>0,05), independente do uso de antioxidantes. A espessura da camada híbrida no grupo que não foi submetido ao clareamento (REST) foi significativamente maior do que em qualquer outro grupo. A resistência de união nos grupos clareado e tratado com antioxidantes (SA, AT, CRAN, CAP) não apresentou diferenças com o grupo branqueado sem antioxidantes (BL). As falhas adesivas foram predominantes nos grupos que não receberam a aplicação do antioxidante. Em conclusão, os antioxidantes avaliados não mostraram efeito sobre a resistência à fratura, espessura da camada híbrida ou resistência de união à dentina clareada após tratamento endodôntico. A aplicação de soluções de ascorbato de sódio 10%, alfa-tocoferol 10%, cranberry 5% ou capsaicina 0,0025% não é uma etapa eficaz e não deve ser considerada para os protocolos restauradores após clareamento não vital.

ABSTRACT: To try to reduce the deleterious effects of tooth whitening, bioactive materials have been used. Forty enamel/dentin blocks were stained on dark tea and randomly assigned into four groups (n=10): control group (unbleached), HP35 % (35 % hydrogen peroxide), BG45S5 (Bioglass 45S5® incorporated into HP35 %), and BIO (Biosilicate® incorporated into HP35 %). Colorimetric analysis and microhardness evaluation was performed at baseline, 24 hours and 7 days after the final whitening session. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Bonferroni test was used at a significance level of 5 %. All the coordinates (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔE00 and WID) showed a difference between the control group and the experimental ones (p<0.05). ΔE00 values indicated that all the groups did not show changes between the evaluation times (p>0.05), which suggest a color stability over a week. In contrast, after 7 days, the WID showed that control and PH35 % were different than the other groups (p < 0.023), although no differences were observed between BG45S5 and BIO groups (p = 1.000). No differences in enamel microhardness were found between the groups within the same evaluation time (p>0.05). The microhardness did not change over time (p>0.05), except for 35 % HP. In conclusion Bioglass 45S5® and Biosilicate® prevented enamel damage without negatively affect the whitening efficacy.

RESUMEN: Para intentar reducir los efectos nocivos del aclaramiento dental, se han usado materiales bioactivos. Cuarenta bloques de esmalte/dentina se tiñeron con té oscuro y se asignaron al azar en cuatro grupos (n=10): grupo de control (sin blanquear), HP35% (peróxido de hidrógeno al 35 %), BG45S5 (Bioglass 45S5® incorporado en HP35%) y BIO (Biosilicato® incorporado a HP35%). El análisis colorimétrico y la evaluación de la microdureza se realizaron al inicio del estudio, 24 horas y 7 días después de la última sesión de blanqueamiento. Se utilizó ANOVA de dos vías para medidas repetidas y la prueba de Bonferroni a un nivel de significancia del 5 %. Todas las coordenadas (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔE00 y WID) mostraron diferencia entre el grupo control y el experimental (p<0.05). Los valores de ΔE00 indicaron que todos los grupos no presentaron cambios entre los tiempos de evaluación (p>0.05), lo que sugiere una estabilidad del color durante una semana. En cambio, a los 7 días, el WID mostró que el control y el PH35 % eran diferentes a los demás grupos (p < 0,023), no obstante, diferencias entre los grupos BG45S5 y BIO (p = 1,000) no fueron observadas. No se encontraron diferencias en la microdureza del esmalte entre los grupos dentro del mismo tiempo de evaluación (p>0.05). La microdureza no cambió con el tiempo (p>0.05), excepto para 35 % HP. En conclusión Bioglass 45S5® y Biosilicate® previnieron el daño del esmalte sin afectar negativamente la eficacia del blanqueamiento.

Resumen La movilidad sostenible y los sistemas de transporte masivo se han convertido en alternativas viables para mejorar los tiempos de los recorridos en las ciudades; si bien existen diversos medios, el cable aéreo es una alternativa óptima en territorios que presentan fuertes topografías. El presente estudio se centra en analizar los cambios en los tiempos de desplazamiento, la infraestructura urbana y la accesibilidad en general en el entorno de la estación de Transmicable del barrio Mirador del Paraíso, en la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar, en Bogotá. A través de los resultados de la aplicación de encuestas se evidencian los impactos de la implementación de este sistema de transporte, centrándose en los aspectos ya mencionados, para relacionarlos así con los principios de la movilidad sostenible y su aplicación en el desarrollo urbano de las ciudades, en términos no solo de movilidad, sino también de infraestructura.

Abstract Sustainable mobility and mass transportation systems have become viable alternatives to improve travel times in cities. Although there are various means, the aerial cable is an optimal alternative in territories with complex topography. This study focuses on analyzing the changes in travel times, urban infrastructure and accessibility in general in the surroundings of the Transmicable station in the Mirador del Paraíso neighborhood, in the locality of Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotá. Through the results of the application of surveys, the impact of the implementation of this transportation system is evidenced, focusing on the aspects already mentioned, in order to relate them to the principles of sustainable mobility and its application to the urban development of cities, not only in terms of mobility, but also in terms of infrastructure.

ABSTRACT: Bioactive materials have shown positive results in reducing the deleterious effects of tooth whitening. However, their effects on whitening efficacy is still uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of F- 18 bioactive glass incorporation into a bleaching gel on color and microhardness of enamel after tooth whitening. Thirty bovine enamel-stained specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n=10) according to the whitening protocol: control group (unbleached), HP35 % (35 % hydrogen peroxide) and F-18 (F-18 bioactive glass incorporated into HP35 %). pH, color change and microhardness analyzes were performed at baseline, 24 hours and 7 days after tooth whitening. Color evaluation showed that experimental groups were different than control group for all coordinates (p < 0.05). However, no intragroup differences were observed (p > 0.05). No differences in enamel microhardness were found among the groups within the same evaluation time (p > 0.118). Regarding the intragroup comparisons, no differences were observed for control and F-18 groups (p > 0.129). It was concluded that F-18 bioactive glass incorporation did not affect the whitening efficacy and the enamel microhardness.

RESUMEN: Los materiales bioactivos han mostrado resultados positivos en la reducción de efectos nocivos del aclaramiento dental. Sin embargo, sus efectos sobre la eficacia del aclaramiento aún son inciertos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la incorporación de vidrio bioactivo F-18 en un gel aclarador sobre el color y la microdureza del esmalte después del aclariamiento dental. Treinta especímenes bovinos teñidos con esmalte se dividieron aleatoriamente en tres grupos (n=10) de acuerdo con el protocolo de aclaramiento: grupo control (sin aclaramiento), HP35 % (peróxido de hidrógeno al 35 %) y F-18 (vidrio bioactivo F-18 incorporado en HP35 %). Se realizaron análisis de pH, cambio de color y microdureza al inicio del estudio, 24 horas y 7 días después del aclaramiento dental. La evaluación del color mostró que los grupos experimentales eran diferentes al grupo de control en todas las coordenadas (p < 0,05). Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias intragrupo (p > 0,05). No se encontraron diferencias en la microdureza del esmalte entre los grupos dentro del mismo periodo de evaluación (p > 0,118). En cuanto a las comparaciones intragrupos, no se observaron diferencias para los grupos control y F-18 (p > 0,129). Se concluyó que la incorporación de vidrio bioactivo F-18 no afectó la eficacia de aclaramiento ni la microdureza del esmalte.

ABSTRACT: This clinical case described the aesthetic treatment of a patient complaining about the aspect of their upper teeth. After anamnesis and clinical examination, the association of tooth whitening photoactivated by violet LED and resin composite restorations was indicated. Prior to restorative treatment, three bleaching sessions were performed with low concentration hydrogen peroxide (6 %; Nano white flex) for 30 minutes. During this period, violet LED irradiation was intercalating performed every 1 minute, totalizing 15 minutes. Ten days after the final bleaching session, old restorations in the upper lateral incisors were removed for better color selection of resin composites. Then, all upper anterior teeth were directly restored with nanofilled resin composite (Filtek Z350XT), reestablishing anatomy, form, and function. At the end of the treatment, the association of techniques proved to be cost-effective, restoring the esthetics satisfactorily and promoting the patient's well-being by a minimally invasive approach.

RESUMEN: En este reporte de caso se describió el tratamiento para una paciente que se quejaba del aspecto de sus dientes superiores. Tras anamnesis y exploración clínica, se indicó la asociación de blanqueamiento dental fotoactivado por LED violeta y restauraciones de resina compuesta. Antes del tratamiento restaurador, se realizaron tres sesiones de blanqueamiento con peróxido de hidrógeno de baja concentración (6 %; Nano white flex) durante 30 minutos. Durante este período, la irradiación con LED violeta se intercalaba cada 1 minuto, totalizando 15 minutos. Diez días después de la última sesión de blanqueamiento, se retiraron las restauraciones antiguas de los incisivos laterales superiores para una mejor selección del color de la resina compuesta. Luego, todos los dientes anteriores superiores fueron restaurados de manera directa con resina de nanorrelleno (Filtek Z350XT), restableciendo la anatomía, forma y función. Al final del tratamiento, la asociación de las técnicas resultó beneficioso, restaurando la estética de forma satisfactoria y promoviendo el bienestar de la paciente mediante un abordaje mínimamente invasivo.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the standards of practice of Brazilian cataract surgeons in relation to the protective measures adopted to mitigate the risks of transmission of COVID-19 during cataract surgery, in asymptomatic patients. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative paradigm study, developed from a self-administered electronic questionnaire sent to ophthalmologists and residents/specialists in ophthalmology in Brazil, who performed cataract surgeries in 2019 and 2020, connected through social media and mail listing from local societies. Results Of the 303 participating surgeons, 159 (n=52.2%) performed elective cataract surgeries between March 20th, 2020 to June 1st, 2020. Among the measures adopted by ophthalmologists with the purpose of preventing viral transmission, the patient’s temperature was measured by 84.3% (n=134), and the verification of respiratory symptoms and contact/exposure to cases of COVID-19 by 87.4% (n=139). Most did not submit their patients to laboratory tests to detect COVID-19 (145; 91.2%). In surgery, 44.7% (n=71) used an N95 mask, and 69.2% (n=110) kept their patients with a mask. No stage of phacoemulsification was modified in 144 (90.6%) participants, 13 (8.2%) added methylcellulose under the main incision, and two (1.3%), modified another surgical stage. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic significantly interrupted part of cataract surgeries in Brazil from March to June 2020 and measures to prevent viral spread are being heterogeneously adopted by surgeons. Understanding these measures could be the first step to improve strategies to return to pre-pandemic levels.

RESUMO As aulas de Educação Física desenvolvidas nesta pandemia levaram os professores a procurar novas alternativas de ensino que podem ser contextualizadas com recursos virtuais. O objetivo desta pesquisa é aplicar o Modelo Ativo de Aprendizagem Microcurricular para Educação Física em crianças de 5 a 6 anos de idade, pertencentes ao primeiro ano da Educação Preparatória Básica Geral em uma escola pública da cidade de Quito. Esta proposta foi projetada para testar se ela tem uma influência significativa no desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras brutas. Foi realizado um estudo de projeto quase-experimental com medidas pré e pós-teste sem grupo de controle, um estudo transversal, descritivo, analítico e comparativo, em uma população de 22 crianças como grupo experimental, distribuídas em 11 meninos e 11 meninas. Foi aplicado na primeira metade do ano escolar 2020-2021, por meio de aulas virtuais Zoom; o pré-teste foi realizado na primeira semana de setembro e o pós-teste na terceira semana de janeiro, com a bateria Mc. Clenaghan e Gallahue e a bateria Ozerestky de habilidades motoras infantis. Concluiu-se que existem variações significativas nos elementos das habilidades motoras brutas, como correr, escalar, rastejar e pular. Estatisticamente, foi demonstrado que a aplicação deste modelo é eficaz de acordo com os resultados obtidos e que é de grande importância para o desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras brutas; além disso, os recursos virtuais podem ser utilizados nas aulas de Educação Física, tornando-os mais potentes para a vida em cada uma das atividades da vida diária.

ABSTRACT The Physical Education classes developed in this pandemic have generated that teachers look for new teaching alternatives that can be contextualized with virtual resources. The objective of this research is to apply the Active Microcurricular Learning Model of Physical Education in children from 5 to 6 years old, belonging to the first year of General Basic Preparatory Education of a private school in the city of Quito. This proposal was designed to check if it significantly influences the development of gross motor skills. A quasi-experimental design study was carried out with pre and post-test measures without control group, cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical and comparative, in a population formed by 22 children as experimental group, distributed in 11 boys and 11 girls. It was applied in the first half of the 2020-2021 school year, through virtual classes by Zoom; the pretest was carried out in the first week of September and the posttest in the third week of January, with the Mc. Clenaghan and Gallahue battery and the Ozerestky battery of infantile motor skills. It was concluded that there are significant variations in the elements of gross motor skills, such as: running, climbing, crawling and jumping. Statistically, it was demonstrated that the application of this model is effective according to the results obtained and that it is of great importance to develop gross motor skills; in addition, virtual resources can be used in Physical Education classes, empowering them for life in each of their daily activities.

RESUMEN Las clases de Educación Física desarrolladas en esta pandemia han generado que los docentes busquen nuevas alternativas de enseñanza que se puedan contextualizar con los recursos virtuales. El objetivo de esta investigación es aplicar el Modelo de Aprendizaje Microcurricular Activo de Educación Física en niños de 5 a 6 años, pertenecientes al primer año de Educación General Básica Preparatoria de una escuela particular de la ciudad de Quito. Esta propuesta se diseñó para comprobar si influye significativamente en el desarrollo de la motricidad gruesa. Se realizó un estudio con diseño cuasiexperimental con medidas pre y postest sin grupo control, de corte transversal, descriptivo, analítico y comparativo, en población conformada por 22 niños como grupo experimental, distribuidos en 11 niños y 11 niñas. Se aplicó en la primera mitad del año lectivo 2020-2021, por medio de clases virtuales por Zoom; el pretest se realizó en la primera semana de septiembre y el postest en la tercera semana de enero, con la batería de Mc. Clenaghan y Gallahue y la batería de Ozerestky de motricidad infantil. Se concluyó que existen variaciones significativas en los elementos de la motricidad gruesa, como son: correr, trepar, reptar y saltar. Estadísticamente, quedó demostrado que la aplicación de este modelo es eficaz según los resultados obtenidos y que es de gran importancia para desarrollar la motricidad gruesa; además, que se pueden utilizar recursos virtuales en las clases de Educación Física, potencializándolas para la vida en cada una de las actividades de su diario vivir.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the effects of two antioxidants (sodium ascorbate [SA] and alpha-tocopherol [AT]) on the adhesive interface and dentin bond strength immediately after bleaching with 38 % hydrogen peroxide (38HP) in endodontically-treated teeth. Two stages of experimentation were carried out. Bovine incisors were allocated into four groups (n = 10/group for each experiment): NB, non-bleached restored crowns; 38HP, bleached and immediately restored crowns; 38HP-SA, bleached crowns and SA use; and 38HP-AT, bleached crowns and AT use. Hybrid layer length in dentin (μm) and bond strength (MPa) were assessed with confocal microscopy laser and micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) test, respectively. Failure mode was determined by stereomicroscope. Data analysis was performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Tukey, and Fisher-exact tests (a = 0.05). Higher values of hybrid layer length were observed similarly in the NB and 38HP-SA groups. The highest μSBS mean values were observed in the NB group (18 .51 ? 1.33), whereas the SBS values for 38HP-AT (1.68 ? 0.32) were similar to the 38HP group (1.61 ? 0.51) (p > 0.05) and significantly lower than the 38HP-SA group (5.78 ? 0.71). Adhesive failures were predominant in the 38HP and 38HP-AT groups. Cohesive and mixed failures were mostly observed in the NB and 38HP-SA groups, respectively. In conclusion, AT has no immediate effect on the hybrid layer formation and μSBS of dentin. Although SA promotes an increase in hybrid layer formation, it was not reflected in the μSBS values.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio in vitro fue evaluar los efectos de dos antioxidantes (ascorbato de sodio [AS] y alfa-tocoferol [AT]) sobre la interfaz adhesiva y la fuerza de unión de la dentina inmediatamente después del blanqueamiento con peróxido de hidrógeno al 38 % (38HP) en endodoncia. -Dientes tratados. Se llevaron a cabo dos etapas de experimentación. Los incisivos bovinos se dividieron en cuatro grupos (n = 10 / grupo para cada experimento): NB, coronas restauradas no blanqueadas; 38HP, coronas blanqueadas y restauradas inmediatamente; 38HP- AS, coronas blanqueadas y uso SA; y 38HP-AT, coronas blanqueadas y uso de AT. La longitud de la capa híbrida en dentina (μm) y la fuerza de unión (MPa) se evaluaron con láser de microscopía confocal y la prueba de fuerza de unión por micro-cizallamiento (μSBS), respectivamente. El modo de falla se determinó mediante estereomicroscopio. El análisis de los datos se realizó con análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Tukey y Fisher (α = 0,05). De manera similar, se observaron valores más altos de longitud de capa híbrida en los grupos NB y 38HP-AS. Los valores medios más altos de μSBS se observaron en el grupo NB (18,51 ? 1,33), mientras que los valores de SBS para 38HP-AT (1,68 ? 0,32) fueron similares a los del grupo 38HP (1,61 ? 0,51) (p> 0,05) y significativamente más bajos que el grupo 38HP-AS (5,78 ? 0,71). Las fallas adhesivas fueron predominantes en los grupos de 38HP y 38HP-AT. Las fallas cohesivas y mixtas se observaron principalmente en los grupos NB y 38HP-AS, respectivamente. En conclusión, la AT no tiene un efecto inmediato sobre la formación de la capa híbrida y el μSBS de dentina. Aunque AS promueve un aumento en la formación de capas híbridas, no se refleja en los valores de μSBS.

Abstract Introduction: During the first 1000 days of life is the basis for a child‘s future health established. Objective: To evaluate the impact of a prenatal educational intervention in pregnant women on the nutritional status of the child from birth to 4 months of age. Methods: Quasi-experimental intervention design in women with at least 12 weeks of gestation, who were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) to participate in five group and three individual sessions on feeding practices and maternal perception of the child’s weight and signals of hunger-satiety; the control group (CG) received routine care that included at least three prenatal consultations. Results: Thirty women were included in each group. After the intervention, women in the CG practiced less exclusive breastfeeding, were more likely to underestimate and overestimate the children’s weight, and perceived hunger-satiety signals with less intensity (p < 0.05). 80 % of the infants in the IG had normal weight, whereas 63 % of those in the CG had a combination of overweight and obesity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The prenatal education program in pregnant women showed a significant effect on postnatal nutritional status of infants four months after birth.

Resumen Introducción: Durante los primeros 1000 días de vida se establece la base para la salud futura de un niño. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa prenatal en mujeres embarazadas sobre el estado nutricional del hijo desde el nacimiento hasta los cuatro meses de edad. Métodos: Diseño cuasiexperimental de intervención con mujeres a partir de la semana 12 de gestación, asignadas aleatoriamente a un grupo de intervención (GI) para recibir cinco sesiones grupales y tres individuales sobre prácticas de alimentación y percepción materna del peso del hijo y de señales de hambre-saciedad; el grupo control (GC) recibió atención de rutina que incluía al menos tres consultas prenatales. Resultados: 30 mujeres conformaron cada grupo. Después de la intervención, las mujeres del GC practicaron menos lactancia materna exclusiva, fueron propensas a subestimar o sobrestimar el peso del hijo y percibieron con menor intensidad las señales de hambre-saciedad (p < 0.05). El 80 % de los lactantes del GI presentaron peso normal y 63 % de los niños del GC, una combinación de sobrepeso y obesidad (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: El programa de educación prenatal en mujeres embarazadas mostró un efecto significativo en el estado nutricional de los lactantes después de cuatro meses del nacimiento.

RESUMO Objetivos avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e a resiliência de pacientes hemodialisados na cidade do Porto, Portugal, antes e após a intervenção psicoterapêutica Relaxamento, Imagens Mentais e Espiritualidade. Identificar os fatores que interferem nos níveis de resiliência destes pacientes. Método estudo quase-experimental, realizado com 17 participantes de duas unidades de diálise da cidade do Porto, Portugal, de novembro de 2018 a abril de 2019. Foram utilizados questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, escala de qualidade de vida (Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form), escala de resiliência, e intervenção psicoterapêutica breve. Cada paciente recebeu três sessões da intervenção, sendo avaliados pelos instrumentos listados antes e depois. Foram utilizados testes de Shapiro Wilks para verificar normalidade dos dados, testes t de Student e de Wilcoxon para comparação das médias e regressão linear na identificação dos fatores associados à resiliência. Resultados a percepção da qualidade de vida foi melhor em quase todos os domínios da escala pós-intervenção, com diferença estatisticamente significativa nas dimensões: função física (p=0,006) e função emocional (p=0,021). Na avaliação da resiliência, verificou-se aumento com significância estatística no período pós-intervenção (p=0,002); análises de regressão linear revelaram que religião, outras patologias e histórico de transplante são fatores relacionados ao aumento dos níveis de resiliência; e uso de medicamentos antidepressivos e anti-hipertensivos são fatores que podem interferir na diminuição da resiliência. Conclusão a intervenção contribuiu para melhora na resiliência e de alguns domínios da qualidade de vida dos pacientes, podendo ser estimulada sua aplicabilidade no contexto dos pacientes em hemodiálise.

ABSTRACT Objectives to assess health-related quality of life and resilience among hemodialyzed patients in the city of Porto, Portugal, before and after the Relaxation, Mental Images and Spirituality psychotherapeutic intervention, and identify factors interfering in these patients’ levels of resilience. Method a quasi-experimental study was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 among 17 patients attending two dialysis centers located in Porto, Portugal. A questionnaire addressing sociodemographic and clinical information was applied together with the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form, a resilience scale, and a brief psychotherapeutic intervention. Each patient attended three intervention sessions, and the instruments were applied before and after the intervention. The Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to verify the normality of data, while the Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon test were performed to compare the means, and linear regression was used to identify resilience-associated factors. Results after the intervention, quality of life perception improved in virtually all the scale’s domains, with statistically significant differences in the physical function (p=0.006) and emotional function (p=0.021). The resilience assessment revealed a statistically significant improvement in the post-intervention (p=0.002); linear regression analyses showed that having a religion, other pathologies, or a history of transplant is related to increased resilience levels while taking antidepressants or anti-hypertensive medications negatively affect it. Conclusion the intervention contributed to improving resilience and some domains concerning the patients’ quality of life. Thus, it can be implemented among patients undergoing hemodialysis.

RESUMEN Objetivos evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud y resiliencia de pacientes en hemodiálisis, en la ciudad do Porto, en Portugal, antes y después de la intervención psicoterapéutica: Relajamiento, Imágenes Mentales y Espiritualidad. También, identificar los factores que interfieren en los niveles de resiliencia de estos pacientes. Método estudio casi experimental, realizado en 17 participantes de dos unidades de diálisis de la ciudad de Porto, en Portugal, de noviembre de 2018 a abril de 2019. Fueron utilizados: el cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica, la escala de calidad de vida (Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form), la escala de resiliencia y la intervención psicoterapéutica breve. Cada paciente recibió tres sesiones de intervención, siendo evaluados por los instrumentos arriba listados, antes y después. Fueron utilizadas las pruebas: Shapiro Wilks para verificar la normalidad de los datos, t de Student y de Wilcoxon para comparación de las medias; y, la regresión linear para la identificación de los factores asociados a la resiliencia. Resultados la percepción de la calidad de vida fue mejor en casi todos los dominios de la escala, después de la intervención, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las dimensiones: función física (p=0,006) y función emocional (p=0,021). En la evaluación de la resiliencia, se verificó aumento con significación estadística, en el período después de la intervención (p=0,002). Los análisis de regresión linear revelaron que la religión, otras patologías y el histórico de trasplante, son factores relacionados con el aumento de los niveles de resiliencia; y, el uso de medicamentos antidepresivos y antihipertensivos son factores que pueden interferir en la disminución de la resiliencia. Conclusión la intervención contribuyó para la mejora de la resiliencia y de algunos dominios de la calidad de vida de los pacientes, pudiendo ser estimulada su aplicabilidad en el contexto de los pacientes en hemodiálisis.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The objective was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of Hunger and Satiety Cues Children’s Perception Scale (EPSHSL, by its Spanish acronym). Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 354 parents dyads, (mother / father) - infants, who attended the Healthy Child Control in primary care units in northeastern Mexico. The evaluation the psychometric properties included content validity through experts, internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, dimensional structure by exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The EPSHSL was designed to be self-administered, assessing how parents perceive the signs of hunger and satiety emitted by the child during feeding. The internal consistency was adequate (α=0.95), unifactorial with an explained variance of 56.4%. The confirmatory factor analysis identified that the model was adequate, the eight-adjustment index were good. Mothers perceive the child’s feeding signals better than fathers. Conclusions: The EPSHSL proved to be reliable with adequate psychometric properties; it can be used by pediatricians and nurses in primary care to prevent risk of overweight in children under 6 months of age.

RESUMEN Introducción: El objetivo fue desarrollar y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Percepción de Señales de Hambre y Saciedad en Lactantes (EPSHSL). Material y Métodos: La muestra estuvo constituida por 354 díadas, padres (madre/padre) - lactante, que acudieron a Control de Niño Sano en unidades de Atención Primaria del noreste de México. La evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas incluyó validez de contenido a través de expertos, se estimó consistencia interna mediante el coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach, estructura dimensional por análisis factorial exploratorio, y análisis factorial confirmatorio. Resultados: La EPSHSL se diseñó para ser autoadministrada, valora cómo perciben los padres las señales de hambre y saciedad que emite el hijo durante la alimentación. La consistencia interna fue adecuada (α=0,95), unifactorial con una varianza explicada de 56,4%. El análisis factorial confirmatorio identificó que el modelo fue adecuado, los ocho índices de ajuste fueron buenos. Las madres perciben mejor las señales de alimentación del hijo que los padres. Conclusiones: La EPSHSL mostró ser confiable con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, puede ser utilizada por pediatras y personal de enfermería en Atención Primaria para prevenir riesgo de sobrepeso en niños menores de 6 meses de edad.

Resumo Este artigo analisa a permanência de marcas do Regionalismo na prosa da literatura brasileira contemporânea. Considerado ultrapassado pela crítica literária e renegado pelos escritores, o Regionalismo entrou para a história da literatura brasileira como sinônimo de arte de baixa qualidade estética. No entanto, percebe-se que os temas regionais nunca deixaram de ser matéria para a narrativa ficcional brasileira, desde Guimarães Rosa, Erico Verissimo e Josué Guimarães, até Luiz Antonio de Assis Brasil, Antônio Torres e Milton Hatoum. Observa-se que a diferença entre o presente e o passado reside na ênfase dada pelos escritores ao contexto e ao espaço regionais, em um primeiro momento ufanistas em relação às particularidades da terra, e na contemporaneidade preocupados com a problematização dos contrastes culturais. Conclui-se que a literatura brasileira contemporânea deve muito à tradição regionalista, sem que isso implique questionamentos de qualidade estética, e que cabe à crítica investigar os temas e as formas da narrativa como chaves de interpretação para problemas históricos que perduram.

Abstract This article analyzes traces of Regionalism in contemporary Brazilian fiction. Regarded as outdated by literary critics and disavowed by writers, Regionalism, within the history of Brazilian Literature, has long been considered to be of low aesthetic value. Nevertheless, regional themes have never ceased to appear in Brazilian fictional narrative, from Guimarães Rosa, Erico Verissimo, and Josué Guimarães, to Luiz Antonio de Assis Brasil, Antônio Torres, and Milton Hatoum. The difference between the past and present Regionalism resides in the emphasis writers assign to regional context and space: when it first appeared there was a nationalist preoccupation with regional particularities, and, in its contemporary manifestation, there appears a concern for problematizing cultural contrasts. Thus, one can conclude that contemporary Brazilian literature is indebted to the regionalist tradition, though this should not question its aesthetic value, and that literary criticism is responsible for treating theme and narrative form as interpretative keys of persisting historical problems.

Resumen Este artículo analiza la permanencia de marcas de Regionalismo en la prosa de la literatura brasileña contemporánea. Considerado superado por la crítica literaria y renegado por los escritores, el Regionalismo entró a la historia de la literatura brasileña como sinónimo de arte de baja calidad estética. Sin embargo, se percibe que los temas regionales nunca dejaron de ser materia para la narrativa ficcional brasileña, desde Guimarães Rosa, Erico Verissimo y Josué Guimarães, hasta Luiz Antonio de Assis Brasil, Antônio Torres y Milton Hatoum. Se observa que la diferencia entre el presente y el pasado reside en el énfasis dado por los escritores al contexto y al espacio regionales, en un primer momento orgullosos de las particularidades regionales, y en la contemporaneidad preocupados por la problematización de los contrastes culturales. Se concluye que la literatura brasileña contemporánea debe mucho a la tradición regionalista, sin que ello implique cuestionamientos de calidad estética, y que corresponde a la crítica investigar los temas y las formas de la narrativa como claves de interpretación de problemas históricos que perduran.

Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar o Estilo de Gestão de produtores rurais no Brasil. Tratou-se Estilo de Gestão como a manifestação das características de se administrar a interação entre as pessoas e entre pessoas e a estrutura, de um ou coletivo de gestores de uma determinada organização. Para analisar o Estilo de Gestão dos produtores rurais, foram considerados os fatores Liderança, Decisão, Comunicação, Controle, Planejamento e Motivação. A abordagem mista subsidiou a metodologia da pesquisa, tendo a análise quantitativa a partir da técnica de levantamento (survey) e análise qualitativa utilizando a técnica de grupo focal, sendo que, para cada técnica de coleta de dados, foram utilizadas amostras diferentes. A amostra dos participantes do levantamento consistiu em 101 gestores de organizações produtoras rurais brasileiras. Participaram da reunião do grupo focal 5 profissionais com experiência e conhecimento na área de gestão de organizações rurais. Os resultados mostraram que os produtores rurais possuem um Estilo de Gestão caracterizado pela forte presença de atividades referentes à liderança, decisão, controle, motivação e tecnologia e menor relevância nos aspectos planejamento e comunicação.

Abstract: The objective of this research was to characterize the Management Style of farmers in Brazil. Management Style was treated as the manifestation of the characteristics of managing the interaction between people, and between people and the structure of one or collective of managers of a given organization. In order to analyze the Management Style of the farmers were considered the factors as Leadership, Decision, Communication, Control, Planning and Motivation. The mixed approach subsidized the research methodology, taking the quantitative analysis from the survey technique and qualitative analysis using the focus group technique, and for each technique of data collection, different samples were used. The sample of survey participants consisted of 101 managers from Brazilian farm organizations. For the focus group meeting, 5 professionals with experience and knowledge in the area of management of rural organizations participated. The results showed that farmers have a Management Style characterized by the strong presence of activities related to leadership, decision, control, motivation and technology, and less relevance in the planning and communication aspects.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the depth of cure of conventional (Filtek Z350 and Esthet-X HD) and bulk fill resins composites (Filtek bulk fill flow and SDR) using different photoactivation methods. Samples were made using five disc-shaped matrices (1 mm high and 8 mm central diameter) with interposed polyester strips. The samples were photoactivated using different methods [continuous high-irradiance light (LCA), continuous low-irradiance light (LCB), and soft-start (SS)], maintaining 24 J/cm2 radiant exposure. After 24h, Knoop microhardness test was performed at 5 depths (surface, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm). The Knoop microhardness were analyzed by ANOVA two-way and Tukey’s test (5%). Conventional resins presented the highest results up to 2 mm depth, except for Esthet-X photoactived by LCB, which showed significant lower Knoop hardness from 2 mm depth. Bulk fill resins photoactivated with LCA and SS had the highest results in 4 mm depth. The LCA and SS photoactivation methods produce suitable photoactivation in conventional composites up to 2 mm and bulk fill up to 4 mm depth and the bulk fill composites present higher polymerization depth than conventional composites.

Resumo O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de diferentes diâmetros de pinos de fibra de vidro (PFVs) na resistência de união à dentina. Quarenta dentes humanos unirradiculares foram tratados endodonticamente e utilizados para cimentação de PFVs (White Post DC, FGM) com diferentes diâmetros (n=10): P1 - ø 1,6 mm coronal x 0,85 mm apical; P2 - ø 1,8 mm coronal x 1,05 mm apical; P5 - ø 1,4 mm coronal x 0,65 mm apical; e PC - pino número 0,5 individualizado com resina composta (Tetric Ceram A2, Ivoclair Vivadent). Todos os PFVs foram cimentados no canal radicular usando cimento resinoso dual (Variolink II, Ivoclar Vivadent). As raízes foram seccionadas em três secções (cervical, média e apical) e submetidas ao teste push-out. Os modos de falha de todos os espécimes foram classificados em falha adesiva entre o cimento resinoso e pino, falha adesiva entre dentina e cimento resinoso, falha coesiva no cimento resinoso, pino ou dentina e falha mista. Os dados foram analisados com ANOVA two-way e teste de Tukey (a=0,05). Os maiores valores de resistência da união foram apresentados para os grupos P2 e PC. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os terços dos PFVs cimentados na raiz para cada grupo. Os grupos P2, P5 e PC apresentaram predominantemente falha adesiva entre a dentina e o cimento resinoso. Para o grupo P1, o tipo de falha mais prevalente foi a adesiva entre cimento resinoso e pino. Pode-se concluir que o pino de fibra de vidro bem adaptado ao canal radicular apresentou os maiores valores de resistência da união, independentemente do terço dos PFVs.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different glass fiber posts (GFPs) diameters on the push-out bond strength to dentin. Forty unirradicular human teeth were endodontically treated and used for cementation of GFPs (White Post DC, FGM) with different diameters (n=10): P1 - ø 1.6 mm coronal x 0.85 mm apical; P2 - ø 1.8 mm coronal x 1.05 mm apical; P5 - ø 1.4 mm coronal x 0.65 mm apical; and PC - customized post number 0.5 with composite resin (Tetric Ceram A2, Ivoclair Vivadent). All GFPs were cemented into the root canal using a dual-curing luting composite (Variolink II, Ivoclar Vivadent). One slice (1.7 mm) of each root third of cemented GFP (cervical, middle, and apical) was submitted to push-out testing. Failure modes of all specimens were classified as: adhesive failure between resin cement and post; adhesive failure between dentin and resin cement; cohesive failure within resin cement, post or dentin; and mixed failure. The data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (a=0.05). The highest bond strength values were presented for the P2 and PC groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the GFP thirds in each group. The groups P2, P5, and PC showed predominantly adhesive failure. For P1, the most prevalent type of failure was adhesive between resin cement and post. It may be concluded that a glass fiber post that is well adapted to the root canal presents higher bond strength values, regardless of GFP third.