Resumen Introducción : La deficiencia de vitamina A puede producir enfermedad ocular y se ha relacionado con la selectividad alimentaria en niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Métodos : Se describen una serie de 13 pacientes pediátricos con compromiso oftalmológico grave como manifestación inicial de hipovitaminosis A. Resultados : Con deficiencia significativa de Vitami na A, en 11 pacientes se realizaron neuroimágenes. De ellos, 8 tuvieron resultados patológicos con presencia de hiperostosis craneal. En estos se realizó punción lumbar y en 7 de los 8 pacientes se detectó hipertensión endocraneana. Todos tenían selectividad alimentaria y el 61.5 % TEA. Conclusiones : La neuropatía óptica toxico-nutricional es una enfermedad poco frecuente en niños y se pre senta con pérdida visual progresiva, bilateral e indolora debido al daño del nervio óptico, pudiendo generar lesión severa e irreversible del mismo. La anamnesis alimentaria permite la pesquisa temprana de deficien cias de nutrientes en niños con alimentación restricti va, especialmente en pacientes neuro atípicos. Esto es esencial para implementar medidas de prevención y el tratamiento con vitamina A con el fin de evitar conse cuencias irreversibles.

Abstract Introduction : Vitamin A deficiency can cause eye dis ease and has been related to food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods : A series of 13 pediatric patients with severe ophthalmological involvement as an initial manifesta tion of hypovitaminosis A is described. Results : With significant Vitamin A deficiency, neu roimaging was performed in 11 patients. Of these, 8 had pathological findings with the presence of cranial hyperostosis. Lumbar puncture was performed in these patients and endocranial hypertension was detected in 7 of the 8 patients. All had food selectivity and 61.5% had ASD. Conclusions : Toxic-nutritional optic neuropathy is a rare pathology in children and presents with progressive, bilateral and painless visual loss due to damage to the optic nerve, which can generate severe and irreversible damage to it. Food history allows early detection of nu trient deficiencies in children with restrictive feeding, especially in neuro-atypical patients. This is essential to implement preventive measures and treatment with vitamin A in order to avoid irreversible consequences.

Resumen El trabajo, inscripto en el campo de la historia de la sexualidad, aporta una mirada tendiente a deconstruir ciertas apropiaciones biopolíticas del piropo y el flirt en la Argentina. Para ello, indaga un plexo de discursos provenientes del establishment eugenésico caracterizados por pretensiones normalizadoras de la seducción; hallando su principal sustento teórico en el control de la moral sexual impulsado por la vertiente de la disciplina galtoniana más aceptada en ese país sudamericano, que, desde el imperativo de sexualidad (solo) para la reproducción, consideraría al piropo y al flirt como indicadores de las aptitudes morales de los futuros contrayentes. Más allá de advertir la necesidad de que un enfoque de este tipo sea formulado desde la larga duración, el texto focaliza en la propuesta de normalización de esas dos estrategias de seducción impulsada por el tardo-eugenismo local, comprendido en el período 1945-1980. trabajo Argentina ello sudamericano solo (solo reproducción contrayentes duración tardoeugenismo tardo eugenismo local 19451980. 19451980 1945 1980. 1980 1945-1980 1945198 194 198 1945-198 194519 19 1945-19 19451 1 1945-1 1945-

Abstract Inscribed in the field of the history of sexuality, this article approaches the post Second World War Argentinian eugenic criticism about the traditional practices of seduction, such as the “flirteo”, “piropo” and “levante”. Finding its main theoretical support in a sexual morality based on the imperative of sexuality (only) for reproduction, as it was promoted by the most accepted variant of the Galtonian discipline in Argentina, the eugenic critic on these practices considers them as indicators of moral aptitudes of future spouses. Recognizing the need for an approach of this eugenic ideas from a longue durée historical perspective, the article focuses on the proposal for the normalization of seduction strategies promoted by local late-eugenics, comprised in the period 1945-1980. flirteo, flirteo , “flirteo” piropo “piropo levante. levante . “levante” only (only reproduction Argentina spouses perspective lateeugenics, lateeugenics late eugenics, eugenics late-eugenics 19451980. 19451980 1945 1980. 1980 1945-1980 “flirteo “levante 1945198 194 198 1945-198 194519 19 1945-19 19451 1 1945-1 1945-

Resumo Inscrito no campo da história da sexualidade, este artigo aborda a crítica eugênica argentina pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial sobre as práticas tradicionais de sedução, como o “flirteo”, o “piropo” e o “levante”. Encontrando seu principal suporte teórico em uma moralidade sexual baseada no imperativo da sexualidade (apenas) para a reprodução, como foi promovido pela variante mais aceita da disciplina galtoniana na Argentina, a crítica eugênica sobre essas práticas as considera como indicadores das aptidões morais dos futuros cônjuges. Reconhecendo a necessidade de uma abordagem dessas ideias eugênicas a partir de uma perspectiva histórica de longa duração, o artigo se concentra na proposta de normalização das estratégias de sedução promovidas pela eugenia tardia local, compreendida no período de 1945-1980. pósSegunda pós Segunda flirteo, flirteo , “flirteo” piropo “piropo levante. levante . “levante” apenas (apenas reprodução Argentina cônjuges duração local 19451980. 19451980 1945 1980. 1980 1945-1980 “flirteo “levante 1945198 194 198 1945-198 194519 19 1945-19 19451 1 1945-1 1945-

This study describes the stereoselective synthesis of two new γ-lactones in 6 and 3 steps and 19 and 32% yield, respectively, directed toward the total synthesis of the natural product (−)-cleistenolide. The starting material was an enantiomerically pure diacetonide diol, derived from d-mannitol with the required stereocenters for (−)-cleistenolide synthesis. γ-Lactone syntheses were based on highly selective protection and deprotection of hydroxyls from d-mannitol. The formation of γ-lactone rings was the culmination of this approach, made possible by a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Z-olefination between diacetal aldehyde and ethyl 2-(bis(o-tolyloxy)phosphoryl)acetate to produce an unsaturated ester. The Z-isomer ester was highly favored in relation to the E-isomer (Z/E ratio of 94:6), allowing the formation of the γ-lactone ring under acid catalysis. This strategy precluded the use of chiral auxiliaries or catalysts for the control of stereocenters in the novel γ-lactones.

The stereoselective total synthesis of (+)-epi-cytoxazone was performed satisfactorily in 8 steps, in 17% overall yield, via a novel route from 2,3-O-(3-pentylidene)-(R)-glyceraldehyde. The bulky group alkene-ketal allowed intramolecular control of the target molecule's asymmetric centers in the dihydroxylation step by promoting the approach of OsO4 to the face opposite to that of the ketal group.

A novel one-pot sequence (in 2 or 3 steps) was developed for the synthesis of the tetrahydroquinoline alkaloids (±)-galipinine, (±)-cuspareine, (±)-galipeine and (±)-angustureine, and the derivative (±)-11-methoxy-5,6,6a,7,8,13-hexahydro-13a-aza-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta [1,2-a]naphthalene-12-ol from their respective Wittig adducts in moderate and high yields. The solvolytic N-methylation reaction was shown to be catalyzed by Pt0, generated in situ by reduction of PtO2. The evaluation of biofilm inhibition and antibacterial activity of the compounds against Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cows with mastitis revealed that the alkaloid derivative is a promising candidate for an antibiotic drug.

Abstract This article seeks to outline the main features of the stereotype of family promoted by the emblematic institution of the Argentine eugenics movement, the Argentine Eugenics Society (Sociedad Argentina de Eugenesia), an organization founded in 1945 that remained active in the country until the 1970s. It explores the conduct expected both of the man/husband and of the woman/wife, and shows the principal behaviors required to constitute the ideal family, the outlines of which were based on set of sexual moral with an eminently religious bias.

Resumen Este artículo se ocupa de delinear las características principales del estereotipo de familia promovido por la institución emblemática del eugenismo argentino, la Sociedad Argentina de Eugenesia, organización que, nacida en 1945, pervivió en el país hasta la década de 1970. Se exploran aquí las conductas esperables tanto del hombre/marido como de la mujer/esposa; develándose los principales comportamientos requeridos para constituir esa familia ideal, organizada en torno a patrones sustentados en una pretendida moral sexual de sesgo eminentemente confesional.

This paper explores the medical-legal discourse around female prostitution that was articulated in Buenos Aires during the first decades of the 20th century. It focuses on the use of different ideological resources and on the policies and laws that were introduced to gain control over the sex trade and describes parallelisms between prostitution, disease and crime. In fact, the capital of Argentina was internationally known as a centre of prostitution and white slave trafficking, and Jewish participation in these activities allowed the consolidation of xenophobic theories. Medicine and law, among other disciplines, made important inputs into a simplified approach to this problem.

El presente trabajo explora el discurso médico-legal construido en Buenos Aires durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX en torno a la prostitución femenina. A partir de los significativos paralelismos entablados por entonces entre cuerpos prostituidos, enfermedad y delito, se ahonda sobre los diversos recursos ideológicos que sustentaron las, a veces disímiles, políticas articuladas en pos del control del comercio sexual, haciendo particular hincapié en el análisis de la estigmatización sociocultural y, en consecuencia, también jurídica, de las mujeres "de mala vida" de la cual, claro está, quedaban empero exentos los hombres que utilizaban sus servicios. En este orden, cabe recordar que la emblemática capital de Argentina se había constituido ya hacia fines del siglo XIX en un polo de trata de blancas con reconocimiento internacional. Sobre esta circunstancia, evidentemente cierta, se estructuraron planteos xenófobos vinculados a la participación judía en las organizaciones de proxenetas que resultaron funcionales al fortalecimiento de actitudes hostiles hacia lo "diverso"; y donde la medicina y el derecho aportaron insumos fundamentales para un enfoque hipersimplificado de la compleja problemática de la servidumbre sexual.

Os autores descrevem um caso raro de leishmaniose com lesões cutâneas disseminadas, manifestações sistêmicas e comprometimento ocular, sendo este caracterizado por iridociclite bilateral não granulomatosa. A gravidade do quadro oftalmológico e a ausência de resposta ao tratamento, a despeito da melhora das manifestações cutâneas e sistêmicas, levaram à realização de punção propedêutica da câmara anterior ocular. A partir do humor aquoso isolou-se Leishmania sp. Os autores desconhecem na literatura qualquer outro caso onde tal achado tenha sido demonstrado.

The Authors report an uncommon case of leishmaniasis with disseminated cutaneous lesions, systemic manifestations and ocular involvement, the latter being characterized by bilateral nongranulomatous iridocyclitis. The severity of the oph-thalmologic lesions and its unresponsiveness to therapy (in spite of satisfactory regression of both systemic and cutaneous manifestations) lead to a needle aspiration of the anterior eye chamber, content. From this material Leishmania sp was isolated. To our knowledge this is the first time that Leishmania has been shown into the ocular globe.