Abstract The ability to measure myocardial blood flow (MBF) offers significant advantages in interpreting the phenomena underlying myocardial ischemia. Nuclear cardiology using hybrid positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) systems allows accurate measurement of MBF using noninvasive techniques. Short- or very short-lived radiopharmaceuticals are now available, as well as standardized analytical models and software for clinical use. The incremental value of quantitative measurement of MBF in the pathophysiologic assessment of ischemic heart disease compared with anatomic variables or qualitative or semi-quantitative assessment by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with gamma-emitting tracers will be analyzed. The clinical role of MBF, myocardial flow reserve (MFR), and coronary flow capacity (CFC) will be clarified. However, the widespread availability of this technology is limited by the need for on-site cyclotron tracer production or the purchase of expensive radionuclide generators. The ability to obtain quantitative measurements using newer SPECT with cadmium-zinc-telluride technology and technetium-labeled tracers may offer the possibility of extending MBF measurement to most nuclear cardiology units in the near future. (MBF ischemia tomographycomputed PET/CT PETCT PET CT (PET/CT techniques Short shortlived short lived available use semiquantitative semi singlephoton single photon (SPECT gammaemitting gamma emitting analyzed MFR, MFR , (MFR) CFC (CFC clarified However onsite on site generators cadmiumzinctelluride cadmium zinc telluride technetiumlabeled technetium labeled future (MFR

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes ortopédicos infantis com fratura de úmero distal. Método: Estudo analítico-descritivo, com abordagem retrospectiva dos prontuários médicos de 665 pacientes ortopédicos infantis, atendidos no Hospital Infantil Dr. Jeser Amarante Faria, referência no município de Joinville (SC), do período de junho de 2012 a dezembro de 2016. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram um predomínio de pacientes do sexo masculino (64,2%), com idade média de 7 anos, sendo a faixa etária de 6 a 10 anos a mais frequente, com 319 (48%) pacientes. O principal mecanismo do trauma foi por queda da própria altura (59,7%), com Gartland 1 em 57,1% dos casos e ausência de lesão vascular (99,7%). A conduta conservadora foi observada em 64,7% dos pacientes, além de ausência de complicações imediatas (97,1%), complicações tardias (95,3%) e lesão neurológica (95,6%). Lesão fechada (99,4%) foi a principal característica epidemiológica dos pacientes estudados. Uma baixa frequência de complicações foi observada, sendo mais prevalentes as perdas de reduções (1,7%), seguidas de infecções, em 1,1% dos casos. Conclusões: Os casos estudados apresentaram características epidemiológicas semelhantes àquelas descritas na literatura. Nível de evidência IV, Descrição de série de casos, com análise de resultados, sem estudo comparativo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profiles of children with orthopedic distal humerus fractures. Methods: An analytical descriptive study was conducted with a retrospective approach using medical records of 665 orthopedic children who attended the Jesser Amarante Faria Children's Hospital, a reference hospital in the city of Joinville, Santa Catarina, between June 2012 and December 2016. Results: The results showed a predominance of male patients (64.2%), with a mean age of 7 years, and the age group of 6–10 years being the most frequent with 319 patients (48%). The main mechanism of trauma was fall of height in 59.7% of patients, Gartland type 1 fracture in 57.1%, and absence of vascular injury in 99.7%. Conservative management was implemented in 64.7% (95%) of patients. Absence of neurological lesion (95.6%) and closed lesion (99.4%) were the main epidemiological characteristics of patients in the study. A low complication rate was observed, with reduction losses in 1.7% of patients, followed by infections in 1.1%. Conclusion: We can conclude that the cases studied presented epidemiological characteristics similar to those described in the literature. Level of evidence IV, Description of a case series, with analysis of results, without a comparative study.

The term inflammaging is now widely used to designate the inflammatory process of natural aging. During this process, cytokine balance is altered, presumably due to the loss of homeostasis, thus contributing to a greater predisposition to disease and exacerbation of chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between pro-inflammatory markers and age in the natural aging process of healthy individuals. One hundred and ten subjects were divided into 5 groups according to age (22 subjects/group). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were quantified using the ELISA method. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was analyzed by turbidimetry according to laboratory procedures. The main findings of this study were: a positive correlation between hsCRP and IL-6 as a function of age (110 subjects); women showed stronger correlations; the 51–60 age group had the highest values for hsCRP and IL-6; women presented higher values for hsCRP in the 51–60 age group and higher values for IL-6 in the 61–70 age group; and men showed higher values in the 51–60 age group for hsCRP and IL-6. In conclusion, the natural aging process increased IL-6 and hsCRP levels, which is consistent with the inflammaging theory; however, women presented stronger correlations compared to men (IL-6 and hsCRP) and the 51–60 age range seems to be a key point for these increases. These findings are important because they indicate that early preventive measures may minimize the increase in these inflammatory markers in natural human aging.