The present note aims to describe two alternative methods for observing genitalia in Lepidoptera. The first one provides means to examine both male and female genitalia without spoiling the scales of the abdomen, preserving it attached to the thorax and aesthetically similar to an unexamined specimen. The second one provides ways of observing certain characters on the male genitalia in a non-destructive way, and does not depend on time-consuming removing and dissection of the abdomen. It is expected that the presented techniques will help on morphological studies and on identifying similar species which consistently differ in genitalic armatures.

Immature stages of Memphis moruus stheno (Prittwittz) were subject of a behavior, biological and morphological study. The morphological study was carried out through observation by stereoscopic microscopy with camera lucida and micrometric lens attached for illustrations and measurements, respectively; and scanning electron microscopy for ultrastructural analysis. Behavioral data were obtained through direct observation in the field and laboratory. Eggs were laid on the underside of leaves of two Lauraceae species. The first to third instars build frass chains, the fourth and the fifth instars build a conical shelter using a single leaf of the host plant. Before pupation, larvae bend its body ventrally and the pupae are incapable of movement. Descriptions, illustrations and photographs of egg, all five instars and pupa are given. The cephalic morphology and chaetotaxy of first instar were described and illustrated. Results are compared with other Charaxinae immature stages.

This paper describes a new species of Moneuptychia Forster from the cerrado in the Federal District and Goiás region in central Brazil, and from highland open vegetation (campos de altitude) of Minas Gerais and Paraná. We provide details of the adult morphology and discuss the new species placement in the genus Moneuptychia.

426 butterfly species were sampled on six field-trips to Morro do Diabo and are listed with their dates of capture and where they are recorded. A variety of collecting methods was used, including standard insect nets and traps. Adult butterflies were attracted to many substances, including, wet sand, bird droppings, excrement and decaying fruits and animais. The results were compared with anothers richest butterfly communities. The following taxonomic changes are included: Pyrrhopyge aziza subnubilus Hayward, 1935 nom. rev., stat. nov., comb. rcv.; Telemiades meris meris (Plötz, 1886) sp. rev.; Quadrus u-lucida mimus (Mabille & Boullet, 1917) nom. rev., stat. nov., Peba verames (Schaus, 1902) sp. rev., comb.n.; Peba striata Mielke, 1968, syn. nov. of Peba verames. Zonia zonia diabo ssp.n. is described.

A systematic study of the genera Microceris Watson, 1893, Elbella Evans, 1951, Parelbella. gen.n. (type species: Hesperia polyzona [Latreille, 1824]), Pseudocroniades. gen.n. (type species: Ericides (sic) machaon Westwood, [1852]) and Protelbella, gen.n. (type species: Pyrrhopyga (sic) alburna Mabille, 1891), a natural group of the Pyrrhopyginae, here called "Elbella Complex", is presented. The following are spp.n. and sspp.n.: Elbella intersecta paraensis, Brazil: Pará; Elbella intersecta rufitegula, Brazil: Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro State; Elbella viriditas boliviana, Bolivia: La Paz; Elbella lampra albociliata, Brazil: São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina: Elbella azeta giffordi, Brazil: Distrito Federal and São Paulo; Elbella patrobas mexicana, Mexico: Chiapas and Quintana Roo; Elbella patrobas evansi, Colombia: Cauca, Caldas and Boyaca; Elbella patrobas tingo, Brazil: Rondonia and Peru: Huanuco and Madre de Dios; Elbella patrobas amazonica, Brazil: Amazonas; Parelbella peruana, Peru: Junin; Pseudocroniades machaon seabrai, Brazil: Rio de Janeiro State; Protelbella alburna brasiliensis, Brazil: Amazonas, Rondonia and Mato Grosso, and French Guiana: Montagne aux Cheveaux. The following genus is a syn.n.: Hegesippe Evans, 1951 of Elbella Evans, 1951. The following species and subspecies are syn.n.: Pyrrhopyga (sic) semidentata Mabille, 1877 and Elbella intersecta ilona Evans, 1951 of Elbella intersecta intersecta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869): Pyrrhopyge carriae Bell, 1931 of Elbella viriditas viriditas (Skinner, 1920); Pyrrhopyga (sic) menecrates Mabille, 1878 and Pyrrhopyge margimmiscus Hayward, 1935 of Elbella lampra lampra (Hopffer, 1874); Elbella etna moda Evans, 1951 of Elbella etna Evans, 1951; Jemadia umbrata Mabille & Boullet, 1908 of Elbella patroclus patroclus (Plötz, 1879); Pyrrhopyga (sic) jamina Butler, 1870 and Pyrrhopyga (sic) zimra Hewitson, 1871 of Parelbella ahira ahira (Hewitson, 1857); Elbella zesta Evans, 1951 of Croniades pieria (Hewitson, 1857). The following are comb.n.: Elbella viriditas viriditas (Skinner, 1920); Elbella viriditas chia Evans, 1951; Elbella mariae molinai (Hayward, 1940): Elbella patroclus acala Evans, 1951; Parelbella polyzona (Latreille, [1824]); Parelbella ahira ahira (Hewitson, 1866); Parelbella ahira extrema (Röber, 1925); Parelbella macleannani (Godman & Salvin, 1893); Pseudocroniades machaon machaon (Westwood, [1852]): Protelbella alburna alburna (Mabille. 1891). The following are stat.n.: Elbella mariae molinai (Hayward, 1940); Elbella lustra Evans, 1951; Elbella blanda Evans, 1951. The following is a sp.rev.: Elbella patroclus patroclus (Plötz, 1879). The following is a nom.rev.: Elbella mariae molinai (Hayward, 1940). The following are stat.rev.: Elbella miodesmiata (Röber, 1925); Parelbella ahira ahira (Hewitson, 1866); Parelbella macleannani (Godman & Salvin, 1893). Lectotypes are designated for the following species or variety: Myscelus intersecta Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; Pyrrhopyga (sic) fluminis Butler, 1873; Pyrrhopyga (sic) semidentata Mabille, 1877; Pyrrhopyge lamprus Hopffer, 1874; Pyrrhopyga (sic) menecrates Mabille, 1878; Pyrrhopyga (sic) dulcinea Plöz, 1879; Pyrrhopyga (sic) luteizona Mabille, 1877; Hesperia iphinous Latreille, [1824]; Pyrrhopyga (sic) azeta Hewitson, 1866; Pyrrhopyga (sic) patrobas Hewitson, 1857; Jemadia azeta var. melanina Mabille & Boullet, 1908; Pyrrhopyga (sic) ahira Hewitson, 1866; Pyrrhopyga (sic) jamina Butler, 1870; Pyrrhopyga (sic) zimra Hewitson, 1871; Jemadia macleannani Godman & Salvin, 1893; Ericides (sic) machaon Westwood,[1852] Pyrrhopyga (sic) alburna Mabille, 1891. Neotypes are designated for the following species: Sarbia amoena Röber, 1925; Pyrrhopyga (sic) othello Plötz, 1879; Mimoniades mimetes Mabille, 1909; Jemadia miodesmiata Röber, 1925; Jemadia umbrata Mabille & Boullet, 1908; Jemadia extrema Röber, 1925.