Objective: To ascertain whether sociodemographic and health-related characteristics known from previous research to have a substantive impact on recovery from depression modified the effect of a digital intervention designed to improve depressive symptoms (CONEMO). Methods: The CONEMO study consisted of two randomized controlled trials, one conducted in Lima, Peru, and one in São Paulo, Brazil. As a secondary trial plan analysis, mixed logistic regression was used to explore interactions between the treatment arm and subgroups of interest defined by characteristics measured before randomization – suicidal ideation, race/color, age, gender, income, type of mobile phone, alcohol misuse, tobacco use, and diabetes/hypertension – in both trials. We estimated interaction effects between the treatment group and these subgroup factors for the secondary outcomes using linear mixed regression models. Results: Increased effects of the CONEMO intervention on the primary outcome (reduction of at least 50% in depressive symptom scores at 3-month follow-up) were observed among older and wealthier participants in the Lima trial (p = 0.030 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: There was no evidence of such differential effects in São Paulo, and no evidence of impact of any other secondary outcomes in either trial. Clinical trial registration: NCT02846662 (São Paulo, Brazil – SP), NCT03026426 (Lima, Peru – LI). Funded by the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (grant U19MH098780). Objective healthrelated health related CONEMO. . (CONEMO) Methods trials Paulo analysis ideation racecolor race color race/color age gender income phone misuse use diabeteshypertension diabetes hypertension models Results reduction 50 3month month 3 followup follow up follow-up 0030 0 030 0.03 0001 001 0.001 respectively. respectively respectively) Conclusion registration NCT NCT0284666 SP, SP , SP) NCT0302642 (Lima LI. LI LI) US U S U.S grant U19MH098780. U19MH098780 UMH MH U19MH098780) (CONEMO 5 003 03 0.0 000 00 0.00 NCT028466 NCT030264 U19MH09878 0. NCT02846 NCT03026 U19MH0987 NCT0284 NCT0302 U19MH098 NCT028 NCT030 U19MH09 NCT02 NCT03 U19MH0 NCT0 U19MH

Objectives: Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) have been negatively associated with several mental health problems, including delinquency. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between R/S and interpersonal violence using a systematic review. Methods: We conducted a descriptive systematic review followed by meta-analyses using seven different databases. We included observational studies that assessed the relationship between R/S and different types of interpersonal violence (physical and sexual aggression and domestic violence). Results: A total of 16,599 articles were screened in the databases and, after applying the eligibility criteria, 67 were included in the systematic review and 43 were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that higher levels of R/S were significantly associated with decreased physical and sexual aggression, but not domestic violence. All selected studies evidenced sufficient methodological quality, with 26.8% being cohort studies. In the subanalyses, the role of R/S was more prevalent among adolescents. Conclusion: There is an inverse relationship between R/S and physical and sexual aggression, suggesting a protective role. However, these results were not observed for domestic violence. Healthcare professionals and managers should be aware of their patients’ beliefs when investigating interpersonal violence to create tailored interventions for reducing violent behavior. Objectives RS R S (R/S problems delinquency Methods metaanalyses meta analyses . violence) Results 16599 16 599 16,59 criteria 6 4 metaanalysis. metaanalysis analysis. analysis meta-analysis quality 268 26 8 26.8 subanalyses adolescents Conclusion However patients behavior 1659 1 59 16,5 2 26. 165 5 16,

Objectives: Gene-environment interactions increase the risk of psychosis. The objective of this study was to investigate gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in psychosis, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of dopamine-2 receptor (D2R), N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R), lifetime cannabis use, and childhood trauma. Methods: Twenty-three SNVs of genes encoding D2R (DRD2: rs1799978, rs7131056, rs6275), NMDAR (GRIN1: rs4880213, rs11146020; GRIN2A: rs1420040, rs11866328; GRIN2B: rs890, rs2098469, rs7298664), and CB1R (CNR1: rs806380, rs806379, rs1049353, rs6454674, rs1535255, rs2023239, rs12720071, rs6928499, rs806374, rs7766029, rs806378, rs10485170, rs9450898) were genotyped in 143 first-episode psychosis patients (FEPp) and 286 community-based controls by Illumina HumanCoreExome-24 BeadChip. Gene-gene and gene-environment associations were assessed using nonparametric Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction software. Results: Single-locus analyses among the 23 SNVs for psychosis and gene-gene interactions were not significant (p > 0.05 for all comparisons); however, both environmental risk factors showed an association with psychosis (p < 0.001). Moreover, gene-environment interactions were significant for an SNV in CNR1 and cannabis use. The best-performing model was the combination of CNR1 rs12720071 and lifetime cannabis use (p < 0.001), suggesting an increased risk of psychosis. Conclusion: Our study supports the hypothesis of gene-environment interactions for psychosis involving T-allele carriers of CNR1 SNVs, childhood trauma, and cannabis use. Objectives Geneenvironment Gene environment genegene gene geneenvironment (SNVs dopamine2 dopamine 2 dopamine- D2R, DR , D R (D2R) Nmethyldaspartate N methyl d aspartate NMDAR, (NMDAR) CB1R, CBR CB (CB1R) trauma Methods Twentythree Twenty three DRD2 DRD (DRD2 rs1799978 rs rs7131056 rs6275, rs6275 rs6275) GRIN1 GRIN (GRIN1 rs4880213 rs11146020 GRIN2A GRINA A rs1420040 rs11866328 GRIN2B GRINB B rs890 rs2098469 rs7298664, rs7298664 rs7298664) CNR (CNR1 rs806380 rs806379 rs1049353 rs6454674 rs1535255 rs2023239 rs6928499 rs806374 rs7766029 rs806378 rs10485170 rs9450898 14 firstepisode first episode FEPp (FEPp 28 communitybased community based HumanCoreExome24 HumanCoreExome 24 HumanCoreExome-2 BeadChip Genegene software Results Singlelocus Single locus p 005 0 05 0.0 comparisons comparisons) however 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 001 0.001) Moreover bestperforming best performing rs1272007 0.001, Conclusion Tallele T allele (D2R (NMDAR (CB1R (DRD rs179997 rs713105 rs627 (GRIN rs488021 rs1114602 rs142004 rs1186632 rs89 rs209846 rs729866 (CNR rs80638 rs80637 rs104935 rs645467 rs153525 rs202323 rs692849 rs776602 rs1048517 rs945089 HumanCoreExome2 HumanCoreExome- 00 0. 000 0.00 rs127200 rs17999 rs71310 rs62 rs48802 rs111460 rs14200 rs118663 rs8 rs20984 rs72986 rs8063 rs10493 rs64546 rs15352 rs20232 rs69284 rs77660 rs104851 rs94508 rs12720 rs1799 rs7131 rs6 rs4880 rs11146 rs1420 rs11866 rs2098 rs7298 rs806 rs1049 rs6454 rs1535 rs2023 rs6928 rs7766 rs10485 rs9450 rs1272 rs179 rs713 rs488 rs1114 rs142 rs1186 rs209 rs729 rs80 rs104 rs645 rs153 rs202 rs692 rs776 rs1048 rs945 rs127 rs17 rs71 rs48 rs111 rs14 rs118 rs20 rs72 rs10 rs64 rs15 rs69 rs77 rs94 rs12 rs1 rs7 rs4 rs11 rs2 rs9

Resumo Os efeitos da justiça organizacional sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores têm sido investigados em diversas áreas de trabalho. Entretanto, a sistematização da informação disponível sobre os efeitos relacionados às doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e à diabetes é escassa. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar sistematicamente a associação entre justiça organizacional e DCV e metabólica em trabalhadores adultos. A estratégia de busca incluiu os termos justiça organizacional, doença coronariana, doença cerebrovascular, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus e DCV. As bases de dados investigadas foram MEDLINE, EMBASE e LILACS. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada pelo instrumento desenvolvido pelo National Institute of Health. Foram identificados 1.959 títulos. Após avaliação, foram selecionados oito estudos. Os indivíduos com percepção de justiça organizacional alta apresentaram menor risco de DCV e metabólica. Baixa justiça organizacional tem repercussões para a saúde cardiovascular e metabólica dos trabalhadores. A elaboração de estratégias para promover justiça organizacional deve ser priorizada para assim mitigar seus impactos para os trabalhadores e as instituições.

Abstract The effects of organizational justice on workers’ health have been investigated in several areas of work. However, the systematization of available information on the effects related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes is scarce. This article aims to systematically review the association between organizational justice and CVD and metabolic disease in adult workers. The search strategy included the terms organizational justice, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and CVD. This study investigated the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS. The quality of the studies was assessed using the instrument developed by the National Institute of Health. Results: This study identified 1,959 titles. After evaluation, eight studies were selected. Individuals with a high perception of organizational justice showed a lower risk of CVD and metabolic disease, whereas low organizational justice presented repercussions for the cardiovascular and metabolic health of workers. The development of strategies to promote organizational justice must be prioritized and thus mitigate its impacts on workers and institutions.

Resumo Os efeitos da justiça organizacional sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores têm sido investigados em diversas áreas de trabalho. Entretanto, a sistematização da informação disponível sobre os efeitos relacionados às doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e à diabetes é escassa. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar sistematicamente a associação entre justiça organizacional e DCV e metabólica em trabalhadores adultos. A estratégia de busca incluiu os termos justiça organizacional, doença coronariana, doença cerebrovascular, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus e DCV. As bases de dados investigadas foram MEDLINE, EMBASE e LILACS. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada pelo instrumento desenvolvido pelo National Institute of Health. Foram identificados 1.959 títulos. Após avaliação, foram selecionados oito estudos. Os indivíduos com percepção de justiça organizacional alta apresentaram menor risco de DCV e metabólica. Baixa justiça organizacional tem repercussões para a saúde cardiovascular e metabólica dos trabalhadores. A elaboração de estratégias para promover justiça organizacional deve ser priorizada para assim mitigar seus impactos para os trabalhadores e as instituições.

Abstract The effects of organizational justice on workers’ health have been investigated in several areas of work. However, the systematization of available information on the effects related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes is scarce. This article aims to systematically review the association between organizational justice and CVD and metabolic disease in adult workers. The search strategy included the terms organizational justice, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and CVD. This study investigated the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS. The quality of the studies was assessed using the instrument developed by the National Institute of Health. Results: This study identified 1,959 titles. After evaluation, eight studies were selected. Individuals with a high perception of organizational justice showed a lower risk of CVD and metabolic disease, whereas low organizational justice presented repercussions for the cardiovascular and metabolic health of workers. The development of strategies to promote organizational justice must be prioritized and thus mitigate its impacts on workers and institutions.

O estudo objetiva avaliar a variação nacional na prevalência geral da depressão e em diferentes grupos sociodemográficos, comportamentos de saúde e macrorregiões do Brasil entre 2013 e 2019. Os dados foram obtidos de dois inquéritos brasileiros de abrangência nacional, a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2013 e a 2019. Entre os participantes com idade de 18 anos ou mais, houve 60.202 indivíduos em 2013 e 88.531 em 2019. A depressão foi avaliada com o Questionário de Saúde do Paciente-9 (PHQ-9). Todas as estimativas levaram em conta os pesos populacionais e a amostragem complexa. Os achados mostraram que durante os seis anos entre as duas edições da PNS, a prevalência de depressão no Brasil aumentou em 36,7%, de 7,9% em 2013 para 10,8% em 2019, com um aumento ainda maior em adultos jovens, no grupo etário de 18 a 24 anos, e naqueles que não estavam trabalhando, onde houve um aumento de quase três vezes na prevalência de depressão (3,7% em 2013 e 10,3% em 2019), ou seja, um aumento de 178,4%. Indivíduos residindo em áreas urbanas tiveram um aumento maior na prevalência de depressão ao longo do período de seis anos (39,8%), em comparação com os residentes em áreas rurais (20,2%). Houve um aumento na prevalência de depressão entre 2013 e 2019 para as piores categorias dos três comportamentos de saúde incluídos no estado, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres: etilismo, tabagismo e sedentarismo. Nossos resultados mostram um aumento significativo na prevalência de depressão nos seis anos entre as duas edições da PNS, principalmente entre homens mais jovens e desempregados. A recessão econômica no Brasil durante o período pode explicar esses achados.

This study aims to evaluate national variation in depression prevalence and in different sociodemographic groups, health behaviors, and macroregions of Brazil from 2013 to 2019. Data were obtained from two nationwide Brazilian surveys - Brazilian National Health Survey 2013 and 2019. Participants aged 18 years or older were included, totaling 60,202 individuals in 2013 and 88,531 in 2019. Depression was evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). All estimations accounted for the population weights and the complex sampling. The findings showed that during the six years between the two surveys, the prevalence of depression in Brazil increased by 36.7%, going from 7.9% in 2013 to 10.8% in 2019, and this increase is higher among unemployed young adults, aged 18 to 24 years, with the increase in the prevalence of depression almost tripled (3.7 in 2013 and 10.3 in 2019), an increase of 178.4%. Those dwelling in urban areas had a higher increase in the prevalence of depression in the six-year period (39.8%) when compared to residents in rural areas (20.2%). There was an increase in the prevalence of depression from 2013 to 2019 for the worst categories of the three health behaviors included in the study for both men and women: heavy drinking, smoking, and not exercising the recommended level of physical activity. Our results show a significant increase in the prevalence of depression over the six years between the two surveys, mainly among the younger and unemployed men. The country’s economic recession during this period may explain these findings.

El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la variación nacional en la prevalencia general de depresión, así como en diferentes grupos sociodemográficos, comportamientos de salud, y macrorregiones del país entre 2013-2019. Los datos se obtuvieron de dos encuestas nacionales brasileñas -Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2013 y 2019-. Los participantes con edades entre los 18 años y con más edad incluyeron a 60 202 personas en 2013 y 88 531 en 2019. La depresión se evaluó mediante el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente-9 (PHQ-9). Todas las estimaciones justificaron los pesos de la población y el muestreo complejo. Los resultados mostraron que durante seis años entre las dos encuestas, la prevalencia de depresión en Brasil se incrementó en un 36,7%, yendo de un 7,9% en 2013 a un 10,8% en el 2019, y este incremento es mayor entre adultos jóvenes, de 18 a 24 años de edad, que no estaban trabajando, donde casi había un incremento tres veces superior en la prevalencia de depresión (3,7 en 2013 y 10,3 en 2019), un incremento de un 178,4%. Aquellos que vivían en áreas urbanas tenían un incremento mayor en la prevalencia de depresión durante el período de seis años (39,8%), cuando se comparó con los residentes en áreas rurales (20,2%). Hubo un incremento en la prevalencia de depresión entre 2013-2019 para las peores categorías de los tres comportamientos de salud incluidos en el estudio para tanto hombres como mujeres: consumo excesivo de alcohol, fumar, y no practicar deporte al nivel recomendado de actividad física. Nuestros resultados muestran un significado incremento en la prevalencia de depresión durante los seis años entre las dos encuestas, principalmente entre los hombres más jóvenes y desempleados. La recesión económica del país durante este periodo puede explicar estos resultados.

O estudo objetiva avaliar a variação nacional na prevalência geral da depressão e em diferentes grupos sociodemográficos, comportamentos de saúde e macrorregiões do Brasil entre 2013 e 2019. Os dados foram obtidos de dois inquéritos brasileiros de abrangência nacional, a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2013 e a 2019. Entre os participantes com idade de 18 anos ou mais, houve 60.202 indivíduos em 2013 e 88.531 em 2019. A depressão foi avaliada com o Questionário de Saúde do Paciente-9 (PHQ-9). Todas as estimativas levaram em conta os pesos populacionais e a amostragem complexa. Os achados mostraram que durante os seis anos entre as duas edições da PNS, a prevalência de depressão no Brasil aumentou em 36,7%, de 7,9% em 2013 para 10,8% em 2019, com um aumento ainda maior em adultos jovens, no grupo etário de 18 a 24 anos, e naqueles que não estavam trabalhando, onde houve um aumento de quase três vezes na prevalência de depressão (3,7% em 2013 e 10,3% em 2019), ou seja, um aumento de 178,4%. Indivíduos residindo em áreas urbanas tiveram um aumento maior na prevalência de depressão ao longo do período de seis anos (39,8%), em comparação com os residentes em áreas rurais (20,2%). Houve um aumento na prevalência de depressão entre 2013 e 2019 para as piores categorias dos três comportamentos de saúde incluídos no estado, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres: etilismo, tabagismo e sedentarismo. Nossos resultados mostram um aumento significativo na prevalência de depressão nos seis anos entre as duas edições da PNS, principalmente entre homens mais jovens e desempregados. A recessão econômica no Brasil durante o período pode explicar esses achados.

This study aims to evaluate national variation in depression prevalence and in different sociodemographic groups, health behaviors, and macroregions of Brazil from 2013 to 2019. Data were obtained from two nationwide Brazilian surveys - Brazilian National Health Survey 2013 and 2019. Participants aged 18 years or older were included, totaling 60,202 individuals in 2013 and 88,531 in 2019. Depression was evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). All estimations accounted for the population weights and the complex sampling. The findings showed that during the six years between the two surveys, the prevalence of depression in Brazil increased by 36.7%, going from 7.9% in 2013 to 10.8% in 2019, and this increase is higher among unemployed young adults, aged 18 to 24 years, with the increase in the prevalence of depression almost tripled (3.7 in 2013 and 10.3 in 2019), an increase of 178.4%. Those dwelling in urban areas had a higher increase in the prevalence of depression in the six-year period (39.8%) when compared to residents in rural areas (20.2%). There was an increase in the prevalence of depression from 2013 to 2019 for the worst categories of the three health behaviors included in the study for both men and women: heavy drinking, smoking, and not exercising the recommended level of physical activity. Our results show a significant increase in the prevalence of depression over the six years between the two surveys, mainly among the younger and unemployed men. The country’s economic recession during this period may explain these findings.

El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la variación nacional en la prevalencia general de depresión, así como en diferentes grupos sociodemográficos, comportamientos de salud, y macrorregiones del país entre 2013-2019. Los datos se obtuvieron de dos encuestas nacionales brasileñas -Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2013 y 2019-. Los participantes con edades entre los 18 años y con más edad incluyeron a 60 202 personas en 2013 y 88 531 en 2019. La depresión se evaluó mediante el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente-9 (PHQ-9). Todas las estimaciones justificaron los pesos de la población y el muestreo complejo. Los resultados mostraron que durante seis años entre las dos encuestas, la prevalencia de depresión en Brasil se incrementó en un 36,7%, yendo de un 7,9% en 2013 a un 10,8% en el 2019, y este incremento es mayor entre adultos jóvenes, de 18 a 24 años de edad, que no estaban trabajando, donde casi había un incremento tres veces superior en la prevalencia de depresión (3,7 en 2013 y 10,3 en 2019), un incremento de un 178,4%. Aquellos que vivían en áreas urbanas tenían un incremento mayor en la prevalencia de depresión durante el período de seis años (39,8%), cuando se comparó con los residentes en áreas rurales (20,2%). Hubo un incremento en la prevalencia de depresión entre 2013-2019 para las peores categorías de los tres comportamientos de salud incluidos en el estudio para tanto hombres como mujeres: consumo excesivo de alcohol, fumar, y no practicar deporte al nivel recomendado de actividad física. Nuestros resultados muestran un significado incremento en la prevalencia de depresión durante los seis años entre las dos encuestas, principalmente entre los hombres más jóvenes y desempleados. La recesión económica del país durante este periodo puede explicar estos resultados.

This study aims to evaluate national variation in depression prevalence overall and in different socioeconomic and demographic groups, health behaviors, and macro-regions of the country, between 2013 and 2019. Data were obtained from the National Health Surveys – PNS 2013 and 2019, which are cross-sectional surveys of the Brazilian general population. Participants aged 18 years and older included 60,202 individuals in 2013 and 88,531 in 2019. Depression was evaluated through the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Calculations were carried out population-weighted. Additional age-standardized analyses were conducted to account for demographic changes. The results showed that in the six-year period between the two surveys, the prevalence of depression in Brazil increased by 36.7%, going from 7.9% in 2013 to 10.8% in 2019, this increase is more marked among young adults, 18 to 24 years old, who were not working, where there was a significant and almost three-fold absolute difference increase in the prevalence of depression (3.7 in 2013 and 10.3 in 2019), an increase of 178.4%. Those living in urban areas of the country had a greater increase in the prevalence of depression in the six-year period (39.8%) when compared to residents in rural areas (20.2%). There was an increase in the prevalence of depression between 2013 and 2019 for the worst categories of the three health behaviors under study, for both sexes: heavy drinking, smoking, and lack of physical activity, following the pattern observed for the general population. Our results show evidence of a significant increase in the prevalence of depression over the six-year period between the two surveys, mainly among the younger and unemployed men. The country´s economic context of recession during this period may be an explanation for this finding.

Resumo Nós investigamos a viabilidade de incluir a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-NMDAR na avaliação de pacientes em primeiro episódio psicótico em um programa de intervenção precoce no Hemisfério Sul. Anticorpos IgG anti-NMDAR foram avaliados por ELISA em 166 pacientes (64,0% homens), 166 controles de base populacional pareados e 76 irmãos (30,3% homens). Foram realizados teste exato de Fisher e ANOVA. Os anticorpos anti-NMDAR positivos foram mais observados no transtorno afetivo bipolar (10,0%) do que na esquizofrenia (2,4%) ou depressão psicótica (3,1%), embora não tenham sido observadas diferenças significativas. Nossos resultados não são conclusivos quanto à inclusão de anticorpos IgG anti-NMDAR no plasma em protocolos de diagnósticos diferenciais para psicose.

Abstract We investigated the feasibility of including plasma anti-NMDAR antibody screening in the assessment of first-episode psychosis patients in an early intervention programme in the Southern hemisphere. Anti-NMDAR IgG antibodies were assessed by ELISA in 166 patients (64.0% men), 166 matched population-based controls and 76 patients’ siblings (30.3% men). Fisher’s exact test and ANOVA were performed. Positive anti-NMDAR antibody patients were more often observed in bipolar disorder (10.0%) than schizophrenia (2.4%) or psychotic depression (3.1%), although no significant differences were observed. Our results are not conclusive regarding the inclusion of plasma anti-NMDAR IgG antibodies in differential diagnostic protocols for psychosis.

Resumo Nós investigamos a viabilidade de incluir a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-NMDAR na avaliação de pacientes em primeiro episódio psicótico em um programa de intervenção precoce no Hemisfério Sul. Anticorpos IgG anti-NMDAR foram avaliados por ELISA em 166 pacientes (64,0% homens), 166 controles de base populacional pareados e 76 irmãos (30,3% homens). Foram realizados teste exato de Fisher e ANOVA. Os anticorpos anti-NMDAR positivos foram mais observados no transtorno afetivo bipolar (10,0%) do que na esquizofrenia (2,4%) ou depressão psicótica (3,1%), embora não tenham sido observadas diferenças significativas. Nossos resultados não são conclusivos quanto à inclusão de anticorpos IgG anti-NMDAR no plasma em protocolos de diagnósticos diferenciais para psicose.

Abstract We investigated the feasibility of including plasma anti-NMDAR antibody screening in the assessment of first-episode psychosis patients in an early intervention programme in the Southern hemisphere. Anti-NMDAR IgG antibodies were assessed by ELISA in 166 patients (64.0% men), 166 matched population-based controls and 76 patients’ siblings (30.3% men). Fisher’s exact test and ANOVA were performed. Positive anti-NMDAR antibody patients were more often observed in bipolar disorder (10.0%) than schizophrenia (2.4%) or psychotic depression (3.1%), although no significant differences were observed. Our results are not conclusive regarding the inclusion of plasma anti-NMDAR IgG antibodies in differential diagnostic protocols for psychosis.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Apresentar o desenvolvimento e a validação do Questionário WebAd-Q, um instrumento de autorrelato para monitorar a adesão à terapia antirretroviral em serviços de HIV/Aids no Brasil. MÉTODOS O WebAd-Q é um questionário eletrônico que contém três perguntas sobre a tomada dos antirretrovirais na última semana. Foi construído a partir de entrevistas e grupos focais com 38 pacientes. Sua validade foi testada em estudo com uma amostra de 90 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, sob terapia antirretroviral há pelo menos três meses. Foram utilizadas as seguintes medidas de adesão comparativas: monitoramento eletrônico, contagem de pílulas e entrevista de autorrelato. O WebAd-Q foi respondido no sexagésimo dia por duas vezes, com intervalo mínimo de uma hora. A carga viral dos pacientes foi obtida nos registros do serviço. Analisamos a concordância entre as respostas ao WebAd-Q, associações e correlações com a carga viral e o desempenho em comparação às demais medidas de adesão. RESULTADOS Entre os pacientes convidados, 74 (82,2%) responderam ao WebAd-Q. Não foram relatadas dificuldades em responder ao questionário. O tempo médio de resposta foi de 5 min 47 seg. O conjunto das três questões do WebAd-Q obteve concordância de 89,8%, com Kappa de 0,77 (IC95% 0,61–0,94). As respostas de não adesão do WebAd-Q associaram-se à carga viral detectável. Foram obtidas correlações moderadas da carga viral com escala de não adesão segundo o WebAd-Q. Para as três perguntas do WebAd-Q, pacientes com respostas de não adesão foram também apontados como menos aderentes segundo as demais medidas de adesão. CONCLUSÕES O WebAd-Q atendeu a todos os quesitos considerados relevantes na validação de questionários, foi bem entendido por pacientes, apresentou associação com a carga viral e obteve boa concordância e bom desempenho em comparação a medidas concorrentes. A análise da viabilidade de sua implementação ainda depende de um estudo nacional de aplicabilidade.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To present the development and validation of the WebAd-Q Questionnaire, a self-report instrument to monitor adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS centers in Brazil. METHODS The WebAd-Q is an electronic questionnaire that has three questions about the use of antiretrovirals in the last week. It was constructed from interviews and focus groups with 38 patients. Its validity was tested in a study with a sample of 90 adult patients on antiretroviral therapy for at least three months. We used electronic monitoring bottles, pill counting, and self-report interview to compare adherence. The WebAd-Q was answered on the sixtieth day, twice, with at least one hour of interval. The viral load of the patients was obtained from the service records. We have analyzed the agreement between the answers to the WebAd-Q, the associations, and the correlations with viral load and performance compared to other measures of adherence. RESULTS Among the invited patients, 74 (82.2%) answered the WebAd-Q. No difficulties were reported to answer the questionnaire. The average answer time was 5 min 47 sec. The set of three questions of the WebAd-Q obtained agreement of 89.8%, with Kappa of 0.77 (95%CI 0.61–0.94). The non-adherence answers of the WebAd-Q were associated with detectable viral load. We obtained moderate viral load correlations with the non-adherence scale according to the WebAd-Q. For the three questions of the WebAd-Q, patients with non-adherence answers were also reported as less adherent according to the other measures of adherence. CONCLUSIONS The WebAd-Q answered all the issues considered relevant in the validation of questionnaires, was well understood by patients, was associated with viral load, and obtained good agreement and good performance compared to the other measures. The feasibility analysis of its implementation still depends on a national study on its applicability.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Apresentar o desenvolvimento e a validação do Questionário WebAd-Q, um instrumento de autorrelato para monitorar a adesão à terapia antirretroviral em serviços de HIV/Aids no Brasil. MÉTODOS O WebAd-Q é um questionário eletrônico que contém três perguntas sobre a tomada dos antirretrovirais na última semana. Foi construído a partir de entrevistas e grupos focais com 38 pacientes. Sua validade foi testada em estudo com uma amostra de 90 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, sob terapia antirretroviral há pelo menos três meses. Foram utilizadas as seguintes medidas de adesão comparativas: monitoramento eletrônico, contagem de pílulas e entrevista de autorrelato. O WebAd-Q foi respondido no sexagésimo dia por duas vezes, com intervalo mínimo de uma hora. A carga viral dos pacientes foi obtida nos registros do serviço. Analisamos a concordância entre as respostas ao WebAd-Q, associações e correlações com a carga viral e o desempenho em comparação às demais medidas de adesão. RESULTADOS Entre os pacientes convidados, 74 (82,2%) responderam ao WebAd-Q. Não foram relatadas dificuldades em responder ao questionário. O tempo médio de resposta foi de 5 min 47 seg. O conjunto das três questões do WebAd-Q obteve concordância de 89,8%, com Kappa de 0,77 (IC95% 0,61–0,94). As respostas de não adesão do WebAd-Q associaram-se à carga viral detectável. Foram obtidas correlações moderadas da carga viral com escala de não adesão segundo o WebAd-Q. Para as três perguntas do WebAd-Q, pacientes com respostas de não adesão foram também apontados como menos aderentes segundo as demais medidas de adesão. CONCLUSÕES O WebAd-Q atendeu a todos os quesitos considerados relevantes na validação de questionários, foi bem entendido por pacientes, apresentou associação com a carga viral e obteve boa concordância e bom desempenho em comparação a medidas concorrentes. A análise da viabilidade de sua implementação ainda depende de um estudo nacional de aplicabilidade.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To present the development and validation of the WebAd-Q Questionnaire, a self-report instrument to monitor adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS centers in Brazil. METHODS The WebAd-Q is an electronic questionnaire that has three questions about the use of antiretrovirals in the last week. It was constructed from interviews and focus groups with 38 patients. Its validity was tested in a study with a sample of 90 adult patients on antiretroviral therapy for at least three months. We used electronic monitoring bottles, pill counting, and self-report interview to compare adherence. The WebAd-Q was answered on the sixtieth day, twice, with at least one hour of interval. The viral load of the patients was obtained from the service records. We have analyzed the agreement between the answers to the WebAd-Q, the associations, and the correlations with viral load and performance compared to other measures of adherence. RESULTS Among the invited patients, 74 (82.2%) answered the WebAd-Q. No difficulties were reported to answer the questionnaire. The average answer time was 5 min 47 sec. The set of three questions of the WebAd-Q obtained agreement of 89.8%, with Kappa of 0.77 (95%CI 0.61–0.94). The non-adherence answers of the WebAd-Q were associated with detectable viral load. We obtained moderate viral load correlations with the non-adherence scale according to the WebAd-Q. For the three questions of the WebAd-Q, patients with non-adherence answers were also reported as less adherent according to the other measures of adherence. CONCLUSIONS The WebAd-Q answered all the issues considered relevant in the validation of questionnaires, was well understood by patients, was associated with viral load, and obtained good agreement and good performance compared to the other measures. The feasibility analysis of its implementation still depends on a national study on its applicability.

RESUMO: Objetivo: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência do risco de desnutrição e sua associação com fatores socioeconômicos, hábitos comportamentais e condições de saúde em idosos residentes na comunidade. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, realizado com indivíduos com ≥ 60 anos de idade. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pela Mini Avaliação Nutricional e foram obtidas informações socioeconômicas, hábitos comportamentais e de condições de saúde. Para a identificação dos fatores associados ao risco de desnutrição foram realizadas análises brutas e ajustadas por meio da regressão de Poisson, utilizando modelo hierárquico. Resultados: Foram analisados 3.101 idosos e, destes, 28,3% (IC95% 25,3 - 31,4) foram classificados com risco de desnutrição. Na análise multivariada, a prevalência de risco de desnutrição foi significantemente maior entre as mulheres, sem escolaridade, que não vivem com parceiros e cor de pela preta. O risco de desnutrição foi duas vezes maior nos indivíduos sem renda quando comparados aos que recebem acima de três salários mínimos. Os fumantes demonstraram maior probabilidade de risco de desnutrição quando comparados com os não fumantes. Os indivíduos que autorrelataram ter doenças renais, respiratórias e cardíacas apresentaram maior risco de desnutrição que aqueles que não relataram esses problemas. Conclusão: Estes resultados podem servir de subsídio para a formação de políticas de saúde no estabelecimento de programas adequados visando a redução do risco de desnutrição nesta população.

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition risk and its association with socioeconomic, behavioral, and health characteristics in the community-dwelling elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional study with individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Socioeconomic, behavioral, and health information was also collected from all participants. The association between each variable and the risk of malnutrition was calculated and adjusted using Poisson hierarchical regression. Results: The initial sample consisted of 3,101 elderly people, of whom 28.3% (95%CI 25.3 - 31.4%) were at risk of malnutrition. The multivariate analysis showed that the risk of malnutrition was significantly higher in women without formal education, who did not live with a partner, and identified as black-skinned. The risk of malnutrition was twice as high in individuals with no family income as compared to those who earned at least three minimum wages. Smokers were also more likely to be at risk of malnutrition than individuals who had never smoked. Participants suffering from kidney, respiratory or heart disease were at higher risk of malnutrition than those with no history of such illnesses. Conclusion: These findings could be used to help in the development of health policies and in the establishment of adequate programs aimed at reducing the risk of malnutrition in this population.

RESUMO: Objetivo: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência do risco de desnutrição e sua associação com fatores socioeconômicos, hábitos comportamentais e condições de saúde em idosos residentes na comunidade. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, realizado com indivíduos com ≥ 60 anos de idade. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pela Mini Avaliação Nutricional e foram obtidas informações socioeconômicas, hábitos comportamentais e de condições de saúde. Para a identificação dos fatores associados ao risco de desnutrição foram realizadas análises brutas e ajustadas por meio da regressão de Poisson, utilizando modelo hierárquico. Resultados: Foram analisados 3.101 idosos e, destes, 28,3% (IC95% 25,3 - 31,4) foram classificados com risco de desnutrição. Na análise multivariada, a prevalência de risco de desnutrição foi significantemente maior entre as mulheres, sem escolaridade, que não vivem com parceiros e cor de pela preta. O risco de desnutrição foi duas vezes maior nos indivíduos sem renda quando comparados aos que recebem acima de três salários mínimos. Os fumantes demonstraram maior probabilidade de risco de desnutrição quando comparados com os não fumantes. Os indivíduos que autorrelataram ter doenças renais, respiratórias e cardíacas apresentaram maior risco de desnutrição que aqueles que não relataram esses problemas. Conclusão: Estes resultados podem servir de subsídio para a formação de políticas de saúde no estabelecimento de programas adequados visando a redução do risco de desnutrição nesta população.

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition risk and its association with socioeconomic, behavioral, and health characteristics in the community-dwelling elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional study with individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Socioeconomic, behavioral, and health information was also collected from all participants. The association between each variable and the risk of malnutrition was calculated and adjusted using Poisson hierarchical regression. Results: The initial sample consisted of 3,101 elderly people, of whom 28.3% (95%CI 25.3 - 31.4%) were at risk of malnutrition. The multivariate analysis showed that the risk of malnutrition was significantly higher in women without formal education, who did not live with a partner, and identified as black-skinned. The risk of malnutrition was twice as high in individuals with no family income as compared to those who earned at least three minimum wages. Smokers were also more likely to be at risk of malnutrition than individuals who had never smoked. Participants suffering from kidney, respiratory or heart disease were at higher risk of malnutrition than those with no history of such illnesses. Conclusion: These findings could be used to help in the development of health policies and in the establishment of adequate programs aimed at reducing the risk of malnutrition in this population.

Phytochemical investigation of the leaf extracts from Miconia ferruginata (Melastomataceae) led to the isolation and characterization of the flavonoids 5,6,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxy-8-methylflavone and 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,8-dimetilflavone, triterpenes ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, in addition to the steroids β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The structures of these compounds were proposed by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. This paper also describes the insecticidal effects of leaf extracts from M. ferruginata to one of the main pests of maize, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). The ingestion bioassays, the leaf extracts showed an elongation of the larval stage of 16.56 days as compared to the control.