RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da substituição da silagem de milho por cana-de-açúcar na dieta de cabras Saanen em lactação e determinar a ingestão e a digestibilidade de nutrientes, o comportamento ingestivo, a produção e a composição do leite. As dietas experimentais foram compostas de níveis crescentes (0, 33, 66 e 100%) de substituição na matéria seca (MS). Doze cabras Saanen multíparas, com peso corporal médio de 45,2kg, produção média de leite de 3,0kg dia-1, foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental triplo quadrado latino (4 × 4). A ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) e de outros nutrientes foi estimada por meio da diferença entre o total de nutrientes nos alimentos oferecidos e o total nas sobras. A IMS, a proteína bruta, a fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e os nutrientes digestíveis totais não foram influenciados, mas a digestibilidade aparente da MS e da FDN diminuiu. A produção de leite não foi influenciada pelos níveis de substituição, mas a produção de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura diminuiu. A cana-de-açúcar representa uma alternativa alimentar para cabras com produção média de leite em períodos críticos de forragem, pois não altera o consumo de MS e a produção de leite, mesmo diminuindo a digestibilidade aparente de alguns nutrientes e influenciando o comportamento ingestivo dos animais.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of replacing corn silage with sugarcane in the diet of lactating Saanen goats and to determine their intake and digestibility of nutrients, ingestive behavior, milk yield and composition. The experimental diets were composed of increasing levels (0, 33, 66 and 100%) of substitution in dry matter (DM). Twelve multiparous Saanen goats, with an average body weight of 45.2kg, average milk yield of 3.0kg day-1, distributed in a triple latin square experimental design (4 × 4) were used. The dry matter intake (DMI) and other nutrients were estimated through the difference between the total nutrient in the food offered and its total in the leftovers. The DMI, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrients were not influenced, but the apparent digestibility of DM and NDF decreased. Feeding time and feeding efficiency were not influenced, the rumination and total chewing times increased, and the leisure time decreased, both linearly. Milk yield was not influenced by substitution levels, but corrected milk yield to 3.5% fat decreased. Sugar cane represents a dietary alternative for goats with medium milk yield in critical periods of forage, since it does not change the consumption of DM and milk yield, even with the apparent declining digestibility of some nutrients, influencing the ingestive behavior of the animals.

This work describes results of chemical profiling by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) of the main components (purity, oxidation level, and cutting agents) in 642 street cocaine samples seized in five different Brazilian States between 2011 and 2014. The analysis revealed the presence of cocaine with mean content of 49.8%. Freebase samples showed cocaine average content of 66.0%, whereas hydrochloride and not determined (n.d.) present cocaine content of 44.5% and 11.8%, respectively. Cocaine base samples show moderately (16%) to not oxidized (81%) levels, whereas cocaine hydrochloride samples exhibit moderate (37%) to high (22%) oxidation degrees. Approximately 34% of all the analyzed samples did not have any adulterant identified. Base cocaine samples are even less adulterated (42% uncut) with phenacetin being present in 53% (average content of 15%). Caffeine and lidocaine were mostly found in hydrochloride samples, while the n.d. samples show a combination of either phenacetin or a caffeine/lidocaine mixture. A mass balance approach is presented and seizures information can be combined to deliver intelligence and statistical analysis that might contribute to the understanding of street cocaine composition scenario. A total of 269 samples were characterized as crack cocaine showing phenacetin as the main adulterant and presenting an average cocaine content of 68.3%.

RESUMO O gênero Aeromonas compreende espécies consideradas importantes patógenos para os seres humanos, sendo que a principal ação patogênica delas corresponde às gastroenterites. Tendo em vista sua importância como patógeno de origem alimentar, a ocorrência de Aeromonas spp. foi estudada em carcaças bovinas e ambiente do abatedouro em uma indústria do Estado de São Paulo, com o intuito de definir a possível origem comum dessas bactérias no ambiente do frigorífico através de métodos moleculares. Foram colhidas 15 amostras de 19 pontos, totalizando 285 unidades. As amostras foram colhidas dos seguintes pontos: pele seca e úmida, superfície muscular das carcaças durante a toalete e das carcaças resfriadas, mãos dos funcionários antes e durante o trabalho na sala de abate e câmara de resfriamento, facas, parede e piso da câmara de resfriamento, água (clorada, não clorada e residuária da lavagem das carcaças), carne, conteúdo intestinal e ambiente da sala de abate. Foi realizada a caracterização do gênero e os isolados foram analisados pelas técnicas de REP (Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic) e ERIC (Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus)-PCR. Foi encontrada similaridade ? 99% somente entre um isolado de superfície muscular de uma carcaça resfriada com um isolado de mão. As técnicas moleculares não possibilitaram a identificação precisa da origem das bactérias na indústria, mas possibilitaram inferir que os manipuladores podem atuar como disseminadores delas no ambiente de abate.

ABSTRACT The genus Aeromonas comprises important human pathogens and the gastroenteritises are the most common infections attributed to these microorganisms. Considering their importance as foodborne pathogens, the occurrence of Aeromonas spp. was studied on bovine carcasses and in the environment of an abattoir in State of São Paulo, Brazil, with the aim of defining the possible origin of these bacteria in the abattoir environment using molecular methods. Fifteen samples from 19 points were collected, totaling 285 units. The collecting points were: dry and wet skin, muscle surface of the carcasses during trimming process and refrigerated carcasses, operatives’ hands from the slaughter room before and during the work and from refrigerated rooms, knives, wall and floor from refrigerated room, water (chlorinated, nonchlorinated and from carcass washing), meat, intestinal content and slaughter room environment. Characterization of the genus was performed and the isolates were analyzed with REP (Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic) and ERIC-PCR (Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR) techniques. A similarity of ? 99% was found only between one isolate from the muscle surface of one refrigerated carcass with one isolate from a hand. The molecular techniques did not enable the precise identification of the bacteria’s origin within the industry, but they permitted the inference that the operatives can spread Aeromonas in the slaughter environment.