SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 concentration can be used as a predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic marker in patients with sepsis. The objective of this study was to determine the validity of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 levels as a biomarker of sepsis in pediatric patients. METHODS: This was an integrative literature review. PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, MEDLINE, and VHL databases were searched for papers published between 2015 and 2020, using the keywords triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, sepsis, and child. RESULTS: The review included ten studies, of which four used triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 as a predictive biomarker; four, as a diagnostic biomarker; and two, as a prognostic biomarker. A total of 1,409 and 1,628 patients were included in primary and review studies, respectively. There was a predominance of significant results for the validity of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 levels in the prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of sepsis in pediatric patients. CONCLUSIONS: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 is a valid predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic biomarker of sepsis with good sensitivity and specificity in the pediatric population.

RESUMO O pavimento asfáltico convencional, devido a sua coloração escura, absorve uma grande quantidade de energia que é transformada em calor, promovendo um enorme desconforto térmico para as pessoas que vivem nesse ambiente. Esse estudo trata da adição de pigmentos vermelhos na mistura asfáltica para obtenção de misturas asfálticas coloridas. A incorporação de óxidos metálicos em misturas asfálticas surge como uma forma de diminuir o albedo e consequentemente minimizar os efeitos da Ilha de Calor Urbana, além disso é esperado que não ocorra diminuição dos parâmetros mecânicos a fim de comprometer sua estrutura. Para realização desse estudo o ligante asfáltico utilizado na pesquisa foi submetido a ensaios de penetração, ponto de amolecimento e viscosidade rotacional e os agregados caracterizados com os ensaios de massa específica, granulometria e abrasão Los Angeles. A dosagem Marshall foi utilizada para produção dos corpos de prova a serem ensaiados para quantificação dos ensaios mecânicos: Resistência à Tração, Módulo de Resiliência e Estabilidade Marshall. As misturas com adição de 5% de óxido metálico vermelho e amarelo apresentaram resultados de resistência inferiores à mistura de referência fabricada sem a adição do corante. No entanto, as misturas asfálticas com corante atendem aos requisitos mínimos exigidos por norma para todos os ensaios realizados, podendo ser utilizada em pavimentos coloridos com a finalidade de diminuir o efeito de Ilha de Calor Urbana.

ABSTRACT The conventional asphalt pavement, due to its dark coloring, absorbs a large amount of energy that is transformed into heat, promoting enormous thermal discomfort for people who live in that environment. This study deals with the addition of red pigments to the asphalt mixture to obtain colored asphalt mixtures. The addition of metallic oxides in asphalt mixtures appears as a way to reduce albedo and consequently minimize the effects of the Urban Heat Island, in addition it is expected that there will be no decrease in mechanical parameters in order to compromise its structure. To carry out this study, the asphalt binder used in the research was subjected to penetration tests, softening point and rotational viscosity and the aggregates characterized with the specific mass, particle size and abrasion tests in Los Angeles. Marshall dosage was used to produce the specimens to be tested to quantify the mechanical tests: Tensile Strength, Resilience Module and Marshall Stability. Mixtures with the addition of 5% red and yellow metal oxide showed lower resistance results than the reference mixture manufactured without the addition of the dye. However, asphalt mixtures with dye meet the minimum requirements required by the standard for all tests performed, and can be used on colored floors in order to reduce the effect of Urban Heat Island.

BACKGROUND Leishmania major is an Old World species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis and is transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus duboscqi. In Brazil, two isolates from patients who never left the country were characterised as L. major-like (BH49 and BH121). Using molecular techniques, these isolates were indistinguishable from the L. major reference strain (FV1). OBJECTIVES We evaluated the lipophosphoglycans (LPGs) of the strains and their behaviour in Old and New World sand fly vectors. METHODS LPGs were purified, and repeat units were qualitatively evaluated by immunoblotting. Experimental in vivo infection with L. major-like strains was performed in Lutzomyia longipalpis (New World, permissive vector) and Ph. papatasi (Old World, restrictive or specific vector). FINDINGS The LPGs of both strains were devoid of arabinosylated side chains, whereas the LPG of strain BH49 was more galactosylated than that of strain BH121. All strains with different levels of galactosylation in their LPGs were able to infect both vectors, exhibiting colonisation of the stomodeal valve and metacyclogenesis. The BH121 strain (less galactosylated) exhibited lower infection intensity compared to BH49 and FV1 in both vectors. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Intraspecific variation in the LPG of L. major-like strains occur, and the different galactosylation levels affected interactions with the invertebrate host.

Abstract The symptoms of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection include fever, headache, muscle aches, skin rash, and polyarthralgia, characterized by intense pain, edema, and temporary functional impairment. This is the first report of encephalitis caused by CHIKV infection associated with an atypical presentation of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, evolving to cognitive impairment and apraxia of speech.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura interna de Unidades de Saúde da Família em relação ao acesso de pessoas com deficiência física e/ou sensorial. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, de base populacional, realizada nas Unidades de Saúde da Família do município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se um checklist fundamentado na Norma Técnica 9050. Para a análise, foram aplicados a análise descritiva e exploratória dos dados e o teste de qui-quadrado. Como resultado, dos 90 prédios avaliados, apenas 47,8% possuem rampa de acesso, destas 30,0% possuem inclinação máxima e 32,2% têm piso antiderrapante. Em 28,9%, o acesso acontece por escadaria sem corrimão e em 6,7% por escadaria com corrimão, sendo 6,7% com piso antiderrapante. E apenas 17,8% das portas corrediças apresentam trilhos rebaixados. Concluiu-se que é preciso reconhecer que as políticas públicas e as instituições não correspondem à necessidade dessas pessoas, sendo necessário reformular esse cuidado e reorganizar os serviços de saúde.

Abstract This study aimed at evaluating the internal structure of Family Health Units in relation to the access of people with physical and/or sensory disabilities. It is a descriptive, exploratory, population-based research, held in Family Health Units of the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. For the collection of data, a checklist based on Technical Standard 9050 was used. For the analysis, the descriptive and exploratory analysis of the data and the Chi-square test were applied. As a result, of the 90 buildings evaluated, only 47.8% have a wheelchair ramp, of these 30.0% have maximum slope and 32.2% have anti-slip flooring. In 28.9% access happens through a staircase without handrail and in 6.7% through a staircase with handrail, 6.7% of these with anti-slip flooring. And only 17.8% of sliding doors have lowered tracks. We concluded that it must be recognized that public policies and institutions do not correspond to the need of these people, and it is necessary to reformulate this form of care and reorganize health services.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura interna de Unidades de Saúde da Família em relação ao acesso de pessoas com deficiência física e/ou sensorial. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, de base populacional, realizada nas Unidades de Saúde da Família do município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se um checklist fundamentado na Norma Técnica 9050. Para a análise, foram aplicados a análise descritiva e exploratória dos dados e o teste de qui-quadrado. Como resultado, dos 90 prédios avaliados, apenas 47,8% possuem rampa de acesso, destas 30,0% possuem inclinação máxima e 32,2% têm piso antiderrapante. Em 28,9%, o acesso acontece por escadaria sem corrimão e em 6,7% por escadaria com corrimão, sendo 6,7% com piso antiderrapante. E apenas 17,8% das portas corrediças apresentam trilhos rebaixados. Concluiu-se que é preciso reconhecer que as políticas públicas e as instituições não correspondem à necessidade dessas pessoas, sendo necessário reformular esse cuidado e reorganizar os serviços de saúde.

Abstract This study aimed at evaluating the internal structure of Family Health Units in relation to the access of people with physical and/or sensory disabilities. It is a descriptive, exploratory, population-based research, held in Family Health Units of the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. For the collection of data, a checklist based on Technical Standard 9050 was used. For the analysis, the descriptive and exploratory analysis of the data and the Chi-square test were applied. As a result, of the 90 buildings evaluated, only 47.8% have a wheelchair ramp, of these 30.0% have maximum slope and 32.2% have anti-slip flooring. In 28.9% access happens through a staircase without handrail and in 6.7% through a staircase with handrail, 6.7% of these with anti-slip flooring. And only 17.8% of sliding doors have lowered tracks. We concluded that it must be recognized that public policies and institutions do not correspond to the need of these people, and it is necessary to reformulate this form of care and reorganize health services.

This is an integrative review that examines the national scientific production on health promotion and nurse's practice in the field of primary health care. With the development of the study, it was found that the discussion of this theme is little explored in nursing and that health promotion is still understood as synonymous of health education and / or prevention of disease. It is concluded that health education is an essential strategy to achieve the health promotion, understanding that one is not restricted to the other. Moreover, it is necessary that nurses recognize health promotion as a field of practice can transform social reality and their own practice.

Esta es revisión integradora que analiza la producción científica nacional acerca de la promoción de la salud y práctica de la enfermera en la atención primaria. Con el desarrollo del estudio, se encontró que la discusión de este tema es poco explorada en la enfermería y que y la promoción de la salud sigue siendo entendida como sinónimo de educación para la salud y / o de prevención de enfermedades. Se concluye que la educación para la salud es una estrategia esencial para el logro de promoción de la salud, con el entendimiento de que una no se limita a otra. También es necesario que las enfermeras reconocen la promoción de la salud como un campo de praxis que puede transformar la realidad social y su propia práctica.

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que analisa a produção científica nacional sobre a promoção da saúde e a prática da enfermeira no campo da atenção primária. Com o desenvolvimento do estudo, verificou-se que a discussão deste tema é pouco explorada no campo da Enfermagem e que a promoção da saúde ainda é compreendida como sinônimo da educação em saúde e/ou da prevenção de doenças. Conclui-se que a educação em saúde é uma estratégia essencial para o alcance da promoção da saúde e que uma não se resume à outra. Além disso, é necessário que as enfermeiras reconheçam a promoção da saúde como um campo de práxis capaz de transformar a realidade social e sua própria prática.

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que analisa a produção científica nacional sobre a promoção da saúde e a prática da enfermeira no campo da atenção primária. Com o desenvolvimento do estudo, verificou-se que a discussão deste tema é pouco explorada no campo da Enfermagem e que a promoção da saúde ainda é compreendida como sinônimo da educação em saúde e/ou da prevenção de doenças. Conclui-se que a educação em saúde é uma estratégia essencial para o alcance da promoção da saúde e que uma não se resume à outra. Além disso, é necessário que as enfermeiras reconheçam a promoção da saúde como um campo de práxis capaz de transformar a realidade social e sua própria prática.

This is an integrative review that examines the national scientific production on health promotion and nurse's practice in the field of primary health care. With the development of the study, it was found that the discussion of this theme is little explored in nursing and that health promotion is still understood as synonymous of health education and / or prevention of disease. It is concluded that health education is an essential strategy to achieve the health promotion, understanding that one is not restricted to the other. Moreover, it is necessary that nurses recognize health promotion as a field of practice can transform social reality and their own practice.

Esta es revisión integradora que analiza la producción científica nacional acerca de la promoción de la salud y práctica de la enfermera en la atención primaria. Con el desarrollo del estudio, se encontró que la discusión de este tema es poco explorada en la enfermería y que y la promoción de la salud sigue siendo entendida como sinónimo de educación para la salud y / o de prevención de enfermedades. Se concluye que la educación para la salud es una estrategia esencial para el logro de promoción de la salud, con el entendimiento de que una no se limita a otra. También es necesario que las enfermeras reconocen la promoción de la salud como un campo de praxis que puede transformar la realidad social y su propia práctica.

The aim of this study was to determine the yield, chemical composition, specific rotation (SR), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and the effect on bacterial growth of a crude sulfated polysaccharide (SP) from the red marine alga G. ornata (Go). Go-1 (25°C), Go-2 (80°C), and Go-3 (80°C) were sequentially extracted and yielded 9.2%. The contents of sulfate (5.88-10.3%) and proteins (0.1-3.7%) were small. The values of SR were [µ]D20°f -19.0, -51.0, and -56.5, respectively. IR spectrums showed the presence of galactose-4 sulfate and absence of 3,6-anydrogalactose-2 sulfate, galactose-6 sulfate and galactose-2 sulfate. SR and IR techniques confirmed SPs. Go-3 was tested on the growth of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogens, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonela choleraesuis and Salmonela typhi), but only E. coli was inhibited.

Over the last 20 years, there has been an increase in the number of leishmaniasis cases in Brazil. Belo Horizonte (BH) is one of the most highly populated Brazilian cities that is affected by visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The health services in BH are coordinated by a central nucleus that is subdivided into nine sanitary districts. Historically, the highest level of human VL cases was found in the northeast sanitary district (NSD). The objective of our study was to detect Leishmania infection in the phlebotomine sand flies collected in the NSD by dissection and molecular approaches. Following the occurrence of human VL cases in 2005, entomological captures were performed from July 2006-June 2007. Out of the 245 sand flies dissected, only three Lutzomyia longipalpis spp contained flagellates. The female sand flies were grouped into 120 pools according to date, collection site and species, with approximately 10 individual sand flies in each pool. Subsquently, the DNA was extracted and Leishmania spp and other parasites were detected and identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorfism. Leishmania infantum was present in at least 19% of the Lu. longipalpis collected, in 3.8% of the Nyssomiya whitmani collected, in 33.3% of the Evandromiya termitophila collected and in 14.3% of the Nyssomiya intermedia collected. When the females of the cortelezzii complex were compared with each other, 3.2% of the females were infected with Leishmania braziliensis, whereas 3.2% of the females were infected with trypanosomatids.

The aim of this work was to establish a modified pre-diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol using a single primer set that enables successful amplification of a highly conserved mammalian sequence in order to determine overall sample DNA quality for multiple mammalian species that inhabit areas endemic for leishmaniasis. The gene encoding interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), but not other conserved genes, was efficiently amplified in DNA samples from tail skin, ear skin, bone marrow, liver and spleen from all of the species tested. In tissue samples that were PCR-positive for Leishmania, we found that DNA from 100%, 55% and 22% of the samples tested resulted in a positive PCR reaction for the IRBP, beta-actin and beta-globin genes, respectively. Nucleotide sequencing of an IRBP amplicon resolved any questions regarding the taxonomical classification of a rodent, which was previously based simply on the morphological features of the animal. Therefore, PCR amplification and analysis of the IRBP amplicon are suitable for pre-diagnostically assessing DNA quality and identifying mammalian species living in areas endemic to leishmaniasis and other diseases.

Liver biopsy is the gold-standard method to stage fibrosis; however, it is an invasive procedure and is potentially dangerous. The main objective of this study was to evaluate biological markers, such as cytokines IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α and TGF-β, platelets, bilirubins (Bil), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total proteins, γ-glutamil transferase (γ-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP), that could be used to predict the severity of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis and hepatitis C (HC) as isolated diseases or co-infections. The following patient groups were selected: HC (n = 39), HC/hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) (n = 19), HSS (n = 22) and a control group (n = 13). ANOVA and ROC curves were used for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant. With HC patients we showed that TNF-α (p = 0.020) and AP (p = 0.005) could differentiate mild and severe fibrosis. With regard to necroinflammatory activity, AST (p = 0.002), γ-GT (p = 0.034) and AP (p = 0.001) were the best markers to differentiate mild and severe activity. In HC + HSS patients, total Bil (p = 0.008) was capable of differentiating between mild and severe fibrosis. In conclusion, our study was able to suggest biological markers that are non-invasive candidates to evaluate fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in HC and HC + HSS.

The paper is an experience report, which aim is to describe the focal group with families as a technique to gather data in qualitative researches. The focal group organization and planning has a direct impact in the data gathered, so the phases used in this process of planning are presented, because it contributes to effective results in the technique development. So, researches should prepare carefully each phase of the group work development. Some points are relevant to data gathering, among these the group preparation and environment to meet the needs of the children, enabling then, that participant may have their focus totally directed to the group discussion. Considering the technique particularities and its relevance to data quality, the researcher should take up with the study theme, and the focal group should be planned accordingly with it.

Relato de experiencia, con el objetivo de describir la utilización del grupo focal con familias, como técnica de obtención de datos en investigación cualitativa. La organización y planificación del grupo focal tiene impacto directo en los datos recogidos, por lo tanto se presentan esquemáticamente las etapas utilizadas en este proceso para la planificación del grupo focal, pues contribuyen para la obtención de resultados efectivos en la aplicación de la técnica. De esta forma, el investigador necesita preparar cuidadosamente cada etapa del desarrollo del trabajo en grupo. Algunos puntos son relevantes para la colecta de datos, entre esos la preparación del equipo y ambiente para atender las necesidades de los niños, permitiendo así, que los participantes tengan su atención totalmente direccionada para la discusión del grupo. Teniendo en cuenta las peculiaridades de la técnica y su importancia en la calidad de los datos, el investigador debe apropiarse de su tema de estudio y planificar el grupo focal delineándolo a partir del mismo.

Relato de experiência, com objetivo descrever a utilização do grupo focal com famílias, como técnica de obtenção de dados em pesquisa qualitativa. A organização e planejamento do grupo focal têm impacto direto nos dados coletados, portanto se apresenta esquematicamente as etapas utilizadas neste processo para o planejamento do grupo focal, pois contribuem para obtenção de resultados efetivos na aplicação da técnica. Desta forma, o pesquisador precisa preparar cuidadosamente cada etapa do desenvolvimento do trabalho em grupo. Alguns pontos são relevantes para a coleta de dados, dentre esses a preparação da equipe e ambiente para atender as necessidades das crianças, permitindo assim, que os participantes tenham sua atenção totalmente direcionada para a discussão do grupo. Tendo em vista as peculiaridades da técnica e sua relevância na qualidade dos dados o pesquisador deve se apropriar do seu tema de estudo e planejar o grupo focal delineando-o a partir deste.

To assess reinfection of BALB/c mice with different Toxoplasma gondii strains, the animals were prime infected with the non-virulent D8 strain and challenged with virulent recombinant strains. Thirty days after challenge, brain cysts were obtained from surviving BALB/c mice and inoculated in Swiss mice to obtain tachyzoites for DNA extraction and PCR-RFLP analysis to distinguish the different T. gondii strains present in possible co-infections. Anti-Toxoplasma immune responses were evaluated in D8-primed BALB/c mice by detecting IFN-³ and IL-10 produced by T cells and measuring immunoglobulin levels in serum samples. PCR-RFLP demonstrated that BALB/c mice were reinfected with the EGS strain at 45 days post prime infection (dpi) and with the EGS and CH3 strains at 180 dpi. High levels of IFN-³ were detected after D8 infection, with no significant difference between 45 and 180-day intervals. However, higher IL-10 levels and higher plasmatic IgG1 and IgA were detected from samples obtained 180 days after infection. BALB/c mice were susceptible to reinfection with different recombinant T. gondii strains and this susceptibility correlated with enhancement of IL-10 production.