Resumen Buscamos comprender el trabajo doméstico y las actividades de cuidados que realizan las madres de niños con síndrome congénito por virus Zyca (o microcefalia). Anclados en la perspectiva ergológica, realizamos un estudio con la participación de nueve madres de víctimas de la epidemia del Zyca que nacieron con discapacidad. Todas las participantes procedían del nordeste de Brasil, tenían una media de 28 años, eran en su mayoría negras y contaban con un bajo nivel educativo. Los resultados muestran que estas mujeres realizan tareas que van más allá de las actividades ordinarias de la maternidad convencional, lo que requiere un saber hacer que se construye en la práctica, en la interacción con los profesionales de la salud y con otras madres con experiencias similares. Los resultados refrendan el debate sobre el trabajo de cuidados, cuestionando el mito de que no es cualificado y reafirmándolo como una tarea compleja que requiere movilización e inteligencia para llevarla a cabo y gestionarla a diario.

Résumé Nous avons cherché à comprendre le travail domestique et les activités de soins effectués par les mères d'enfants atteints du syndrome congénital du virus Zyca (ou microcéphalie). À partir d’une perspective ergologique, nous avons mené une étude avec la participation de neuf mères de victimes de l'épidémie de Zyca nées avec des handicaps. Toutes les participantes étaient originaires du nord-est du Brésil, âgées en moyenne de 28 ans, majoritairement noires et de bas niveau de scolarité. Les résultats montrent que ces femmes ont un ensemble de tâches à accomplir qui vont au-delà des activités ordinaires de la maternité ordinaire, exigeant un savoir-faire qui se constitue en fait dans la pratique, dans l'interaction avec les professionnels de santé et avec d'autres mères qui ont des expériences similaires. Les résultats enrichissent le débat sur le travail de soins, en mettant en question le mythe selon lequel il n'est pas qualifié et en le réaffirmant comme une tâche complexe qui nécessite mobilisation et intelligence pour la mener à bien et la gérer au quotidien.

Resumo Buscamos compreender as atividades de trabalho doméstico e de cuidado desenvolvidas por mulheres mães de crianças com a síndrome congênita de Zyca vírus (ou microcefalia). Ancorados na perspetiva ergológica, realizamos um estudo com a participação de nove mães de vítimas da epidemia de Zyca que nasceram com deficiência. Todas as participantes eram do nordeste brasileiro, com média de 28 anos e, em sua maioria, eram negras e com baixa escolaridade. Os resultados revelam que essas mulheres possuem um conjunto de tarefas a desempenhar que extrapola as atividades corriqueiras da maternidade convencional, o que exige um saber-fazer que vai se constituindo na prática, na interação com profissionais da saúde e com outras mães que vivenciam experiências semelhantes. Os achados endossam o debate sobre o trabalho de cuidar, questionado o mito da sua não qualificação e repondo-o como um fazer complexo, que demanda mobilização e inteligência para a sua realização e gestão cotidiana.

Abstract We sought to understand the domestic work and care-providing activities carried out by women who fathered children with congenital Zyca virus syndrome (or microcephaly). Anchored by the ergological perspective, we conducted a study with the participation of nine mothers of children born with disabilities due to the Zyca epidemic. All the participants were from the northeast of Brazil, 28 years old on average; most of them were black and had little schooling. The results show that these women have a set of tasks to perform that go beyond the ordinary activities of conventional motherhood, requiring a know-how that is built up in practice, in interaction with health professionals and with other mothers who have similar experiences. The findings endorse the debate on care work, questioning the myth that it is unqualified and reaffirming it as a complex task that requires engagement and intelligence for carrying it out and managing it on a daily basis.

Resumo Pesquisas de percepção ambiental evidenciam o contexto extrativista e auxiliam na elaboração de políticas ambientais. Apesar dos benefícios sociais e econômicos, a intensificação do extrativismo pode promover a insustentabilidade ecológica e alteração da percepção dos valores florestais conservacionistas. Na região dos Lençóis Maranhenses, Nordeste do Brasil, é crescente a venda de produtos extraídos da palmeira Mauritia flexuosa L.f. para abastecer mercado local e nacional. Desta forma, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar quais valores florestais são percebidos pelos extrativistas em municípios da região dos Lençóis Maranhenses e como o perfil socioeconômico interfere na percepção ambiental dos entrevistados. A pesquisa foi conduzida por meio de formulários semiestruturados aplicados a 271 extrativistas dos município de Barreirinhas, Paulino Neves e Tutóia. Os valores florestais percebidos foram divididos em três categorias: econômica, ecológica e social. Os dados obtidos revelaram que houve uma priorização da categoria econômica, com destaque para o valor florestal fonte de renda. Em Barreirinhas, os valores alimentação e regulação do clima estiveram relacionados a características socioeconômicas tais como gênero e renda mensal proveniente da venda do artesanato. Há o conhecimento sobre os danos ambientais que ocorrem nos buritizais, entretanto não existe uma efetiva participação das comunidades na gestão das Unidades de Conservação ambientais da região. econômicos conservacionistas Brasil Lf L f L.f nacional forma entrevistados 27 Barreirinhas Tutóia categorias econômica social artesanato buritizais 2

Abstract Researches of environmental perception evidences the extractive context and help policy making. Despite the social and economic benefits, the intensification of extractivism can promote ecological unsustainability and alteration in the perception of forest conservation values. In the region of Lençóis Maranhenses, Northeast Brazil, the sale of products extracted from Mauritia flexuosa L.f palm to supply the local and national market is increasing. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the forest values perceived by extractivists in municipalities of the region of Lençóis Maranhenses and how the socioeconomic profile interfere with the environmental perceptions of the interviewees. The research was conducted through semi-structured forms applied to 271 extractivists from the municipality of Barreirinhas, Paulino Neves and Tutóia. The perceived forest values were divided into three categories: economic, ecological and social. It was contacted that there was a prioritization of the values included in the Economic category, in which the source of income is highlighted in the municipalities that most extract the palms. The data revealed that there was a prioritization of the economic category, with emphasis on the forest value source of income. In Barreirinhas, food and climate regulation values were related to socioeconomic characteristics such as gender and monthly income from the sale of handicrafts. There is knowledge about the environmental damages that occur in the forest. However, there is no effective participation of the communities in the management of the Environmental Conservation Units of the region. making benefits Brazil Lf L f increasing Thus interviewees semistructured semi structured 27 Barreirinhas Tutóia categories category palms handicrafts However 2

The Global Program for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) aims to eliminate this disease by the year 2020. However, the development of more specific and sensitive tests is important for the success of the GPELF. The present study aimed to standardise polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based systems for the diagnosis of filariasis in serum and urine. Twenty paired biological urine and serum samples from individuals already known to be positive for Wuchereria bancrofti were collected during the day. Conventional PCR and semi-nested PCR assays were optimised. The detection limit of the technique for purified W. bancrofti DNA extracted from adult worms was 10 fg for the internal systems (WbF/Wb2) and 0.1 fg by using semi-nested PCR. The specificity of the primers was confirmed experimentally by amplification of 1 ng of purified genomic DNA from other species of parasites. Evaluation of the paired urine and serum samples by the semi-nested PCR technique indicated only two of the 20 tested individuals were positive, whereas the simple internal PCR system (WbF/Wb2), which has highly promising performance, revealed that all the patients were positive using both samples. This study successfully demonstrated the possibility of using the PCR technique on urine for the diagnosis of W. bancrofti infection.

The common bean cultivar "BRSMG Realce", recommended for the state of Minas Gerais, has high yield potential and resistance to powdery mildew, bacterial wilt and to anthracnose pathotypes 65, 73, 77, 81, 91, 475 and 479. The plants and pods are high, resulting in lower loss during mechanical harvest.

The bean cultivar BRSMG União as a new option of a bean cultivar with jalo grains for the state of Minas Gerais. The cultivar BRSMG União had an average grain yield of 9.8% above the mean of the controls (Jalo EEP 558 and BRS Radiante) and was resistant to powdery-mildew.

This report describes the development of a SYBR Green I based real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for detection on the ABI Prism 7000 instrument. Primers targeting the gene encoding the SSU rRNA were designed to amplify with high specificity DNA from Schistosoma mansoni, in a real time quantitative PCR system. The limit of detection of parasite DNA for the system was 10 fg of purified genomic DNA, that means less than the equivalent to one parasite cell (genome ~580 fg DNA). The efficiency was 0.99 and the correlation coefficient (R²) was 0.97. When different copy numbers of the target amplicon were used as standards, the assay could detect at least 10 copies of the specific target. The primers used were designed to amplify a 106 bp DNA fragment (Tm 83ºC). The assay was highly specific for S. mansoni, and did not recognize DNA from closely related non-schistosome trematodes. The real time PCR allowed for accurate quantification of S. mansoni DNA and no time-consuming post-PCR detection of amplification products by gel electrophoresis was required. The assay is potentially able to quantify S. mansoni DNA (and indirectly parasite burden) in a number of samples, such as snail tissue, serum and feces from patients, and cercaria infested water. Thus, these PCR protocols have potential to be used as tools for monitoring of schistosome transmission and quantitative diagnosis of human infection.

The detection of specific DNA sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has proved extremely valuable for the analysis of genetic disorders and the diagnosis of a variety of infectious disease pathogens. However, the application to the detection of Schistosoma mansoni is rare, despite a recommendation of the World Health Organization that a major focus of research on schistosomiasis should be on the development and evaluation of new strategies and tools for control of the disease. In this context, a few studies were published for the detection of the parasite in snails, monitoring of cercariae in water bodies, and diagnosis of human infection. The present minireview describes sensitive and specific PCR based systems to detect S. mansoni, indicating possible applications in the detection of snail infection, monitoring of transmission sites, and diagnosis of human infection.