Abstract Background Robust data on the learning curve (LC) of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are lacking in developing countries. Objective To assess TAVR’s LC in Brazil over time. Methods We analyzed data from the Brazilian TAVR registry from 2008 to 2023. Patients from each center were numbered chronologically in case sequence numbers (CSNs). LC was performed using restricted cubic splines adjusted for EuroSCORE-II and the use of new-generation prostheses. Also, in-hospital outcomes were compared between groups defined according to the level of experience based on the CSN: 1st to 40th (initial-experience), 41st to 80th (early-experience), 81st to 120th (intermediate-experience), and over 121st (high-experience). Additional analysis was performed grouping hospitals according to the number of cases treated before 2014 (>40 and ≤40 procedures). The level of significance adopted was <0.05. Results A total of 3,194 patients from 25 centers were included. Mean age and EuroSCORE II were 80.7±8.1 years and 7±7.1, respectively. LC analysis demonstrated a drop in adjusted in-hospital mortality after treating 40 patients. A leveling off of the curve was observed after case #118. In-hospital mortality across the groups was 8.6%, 7.7%, 5.9%, and 3.7% for initial-, early-, intermediate-, and high-experience, respectively (p<0.001). High experience independently predicted lower mortality (OR 0.57, p=0.013 vs. initial experience). Low-volume centers before 2014 showed no significant decrease in the likelihood of death with gained experience, whereas high-volume centers had a continuous improvement after case #10. Conclusion A TAVR LC phenomenon was observed for in-hospital mortality in Brazil. This effect was more pronounced in centers that treated their first 40 cases before 2014 than those that reached this milestone after 2014. (LC (TAVR countries TAVRs s time 200 2023 CSNs. CSNs . (CSNs) EuroSCOREII newgeneration new generation prostheses Also inhospital hospital CSN st th initialexperience, initialexperience , (initial-experience) earlyexperience, earlyexperience early (early-experience) intermediateexperience, intermediateexperience intermediate (intermediate-experience) highexperience. highexperience high (high-experience) 201 >40 (>4 ≤4 procedures. procedures procedures) 005 0 05 <0.05 3194 3 194 3,19 2 included 80781 80 7 8 1 80.7±8. 771 7±7.1 4 118 #118 Inhospital In 86 6 8.6% 77 7.7% 59 5 9 5.9% 37 3.7 initial, initial- early, early- intermediate, intermediate- highexperience, high-experience p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 001 (p<0.001) OR 057 57 0.57 p0013 013 p=0.01 vs experience. experience) Lowvolume Low volume highvolume 10 #10 20 202 (CSNs (initial-experience (early-experience (intermediate-experience (high-experience >4 (> ≤ 00 <0.0 319 19 3,1 8078 80.7±8 7±7. 11 #11 8.6 7.7 5.9 3. p000 p<0.00 (p<0.001 0.5 p001 01 p=0.0 #1 > ( <0. 31 3, 807 80.7± 7±7 8. 7. 5. p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 0. p=0. # <0 80.7 7± p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p=0 < 80. p<0 (p<0. p= p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Fundamento Dados robustos sobre a curva de aprendizagem (LC) da substituição da válvula aórtica transcateter (TAVR) são escassos nos países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo Avaliar a LC da TAVR no Brasil ao longo do tempo. Métodos Analisamos dados do registro brasileiro de TAVR de 2008 a 2023. Pacientes de cada centro foram numerados cronologicamente em número sequencial de caso (NSC). A LC foi realizada usando um spline cúbico restrito ajustado para o EuroSCORE-II e o uso de próteses de nova geração. Ainda, os desfechos hospitalares foram comparados entre grupos definidos de acordo com o nível de experiência, com base no NSC: 1º ao 40º caso (experiência inicial), 41º ao 80º caso (experiência básica), 81º ao 120º caso (experiência intermediária) e 121º caso em diante (experiência alta). Análises adicionais foram conduzidas de acordo com o número de casos tratados antes de 2014 (>40 e ≤40 procedimentos). O nível de significância adotado foi p <0,05. Resultados Foram incluídos 3194 pacientes de 25 centros. A idade média foi 80,7±8,1 anos e o EuroSCORE II médio foi 7±7,1. A análise da LC demonstrou uma queda na mortalidade hospitalar ajustada após o tratamento de 40 pacientes. Um patamar de nivelamento na curva foi observado após o caso 118. A mortalidade hospitalar entre os grupos foi 8,6%, 7,7%, 5,9%, e 3,7% para experiência inicial, básica, intermediária e alta, respectivamente (p<0,001). A experiência alta foi preditora independente de mortalidade mais baixa (OR 0,57, p=0,013 vs. experiência inicial). Centros com baixo volume de casos antes de 2014 não mostraram uma redução significativa na probabilidade de morte com o ganho de experiência, enquanto centros com alto volume de casos antes de 2014 apresentaram uma melhora contínua após o caso de número 10. Conclusão Observou-se um fenômeno de LC para a mortalidade hospitalar do TAVR no Brasil. Esse efeito foi mais pronunciado em centros que trataram seus 40 primeiros casos antes de 2014 que naqueles que o fizeram após 2014. (LC (TAVR desenvolvimento tempo 200 2023 NSC. NSC . (NSC) EuroSCOREII geração Ainda º inicial , inicial) básica básica) alta. alta) 201 >40 (>4 ≤4 procedimentos. procedimentos procedimentos) 005 0 05 <0,05 319 2 80781 80 7 8 1 80,7±8, 771 7±7,1 4 118 86 6 8,6% 77 7,7% 59 5 9 5,9% 37 3 3,7 p<0,001. p0001 p<0,001 001 (p<0,001) OR 057 57 0,57 p0013 013 p=0,01 vs inicial. 10 Observouse Observou se 20 202 (NSC >4 (> ≤ 00 <0,0 31 8078 80,7±8 7±7, 11 8,6 7,7 5,9 3, p000 p<0,00 (p<0,001 0,5 p001 01 p=0,0 > ( <0, 807 80,7± 7±7 8, 7, 5, p00 p<0,0 (p<0,00 0, p=0, <0 80,7 7± p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p=0 < 80, p<0 (p<0, p= p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract Background There are few publications about the association between the phytochemical index (PI) and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Objective To evaluate the association between the PI and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adults. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with 141 adults, between 20 and 59 years of age. We analyzed lifestyle (physical activity), sociodemographic data (sex, age), anthropometric data (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC]), biochemical data (lipid profile, blood glucose), food consumption, and phytochemical intake (expressed as PI = daily energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods ÷ total daily energy intake × 100). We performed bivariate analyses (Spearman’s correlation) and multiple linear regression adjusted for potential confounders, considering p < 0.05 as significant. Results The median PI was 9.80 (interquartile range: 11.45). PI was inversely correlated with BMI (rs: −0.43) and WC (rs: −0.36) and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) (rs: 0.25), all with p < 0.05. In multiple regression analysis, PI was inversely associated with BMI (B: −0.08; 95%CI: −0.15, −0.01) after adjusting for total energy, sex, age, and physical activity; and positively associated with HDL-cholesterol (Model 1 adjusted for total energy, sex, age, and physical activity [B: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.41]; Model 2 adjusted for BMI, sex, age, and physical activity [B: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.008, 0.40]; Model 3 adjusted for WC, sex, age, and physical activity [B: 0.20; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.40]), all with p < 0.05. Conclusion The results have demonstrated that higher phytochemical intake, expressed by PI, was inversely associated with BMI and positively associated with HDL-cholesterol. (PI adults crosssectional cross sectional 14 5 age activity, , activity) sex (sex age) body [BMI] [WC]) lipid profile glucose, glucose glucose) consumption phytochemicalrich rich 100. 100 . 100) Spearmans Spearman s correlation confounders 005 0 05 0.0 significant 980 9 80 9.8 interquartile range 11.45. 1145 11.45 11 45 11.45) rs (rs −0.43 043 43 −0.36 036 36 highdensity high density HDLcholesterol HDL (HDL-cholesterol 0.25, 025 0.25 25 0.25) analysis B (B −0.08 008 08 95%CI 95CI CI 95 015 15 −0.15 −0.01 001 01 [B 0.21 021 21 002 02 0.02 0.41 041 41 0.41] 0008 0.008 0.40 040 40 0.40] 0.20 020 0.01 0.40, 0.40]) HDLcholesterol. cholesterol. [BMI [WC] 10 00 0. 98 8 9. 114 11.4 4 −0.4 04 −0.3 03 0.2 −0.0 −0.1 0.4 000 0.00 [WC 11. −0. −0 −

Chronic and multiple diseases are more prevalent in elderly individuals and, epidemiological highlight can be given to cardiovascular conditions requiring multi-drug therapies, which favor the occurrence of drug interactions. This study aims to analyze potential drug interactions and correlate them with adverse events in elderly heart-disease patients in a hospital setting. This is a prospective description of the analysis of medical prescriptions and records of 80 patients, with data collection performed by using validated instruments during a seven-month period. The drug interactions found were indicated by scientifically recognized databases and subsequently treated statistically with adequate software. 1841 potential interactions between drugs were detected, of which 74.1% did not show any therapeutic benefits, with antithrombotic and analgesic drugs accounting for the worst results. The number of potential interactions was proportional to the occurrence of adverse events, classified at 87.3% as moderate to severe. It is concluded from such results that there is a proportionality between the occurrence of potential drug interactions and the detection of adverse events, with therapeutic management being of great importance for safety, quality and affordability of the treatment.

Em alguns pacientes a utilização dos meios de contraste iodados é contraindicada pela possibilidade de desencadearem efeitos colaterais graves ameaçadores da vida. Nesses casos, existem relatos em que o gadolínio (gadobutrol), comumente empregado na ressonância nuclear magnética, pode ser usado como meio de contraste para coronariografia. Relatamos dois casos com antecedente de alergia grave ao contraste iodado, que realizaram coronariografia com gadolínio. Os procedimentos foram bem tolerados, a quantidade de contraste não excedeu 0,3-0,4 ml/kg e as imagens obtidas foram de qualidade aceitável para efeitos de diagnóstico.

The use of iodinated contrast media is contraindicated in some patients due to serious life-threatening adverse events. In such cases, there are reports that gadolinium (gadobutrol), which is commonly employed in magnetic resonance imaging, may be used as contrast media for coronary angiography. We report two cases with a history of severe allergy to iodinated contrast agent who underwent coronary angiography with gadolinium. The procedures were well tolerated, the amount of contrast media did not exceed 0.3-0.4 ml/kg and the images obtained were of acceptable quality for diagnostic purposes.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, despite the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology, the National Health System has not yet approved the use of drug-eluting stents. In percutaneous coronary interventions performed in the public and part of the private health care system, bare metal stents are used as the only option. Therefore, new information on bare metal stents is of great importance. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the influence of the alloy and the profile of coronary stents on late loss and restenosis rates 6 months after implantation in patients with multivessel coronary disease. METHODS: Single center, randomized and prospective study comparison of cobalt-chromium versus stainless steel stent implantation in 187 patients with multivessel coronary disease. At least one cobalt-chromium and one stainless steel stent were implanted per patient. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 59.5 + 10.1 years with a prevalence of males (66.3%) and patients with acute coronary syndrome (56%). Baseline clinical characteristics were similar with hypertension in 146 (78%), dyslipidemia in 85 (45.5%) and diabetes in 68 (36.4%). Two hundred and twenty-nine cobalt-chromium and 284 stainless steel stents were implanted. Angiographic variables showed no statistically significant difference. Angiographic follow-up to 6 months after implantation showed similar late loss and restenosis rates. CONCLUSION: The use of two different alloys, stainless steel and cobalt-chrome stents, in the same patient and in the same vessel produced similar 6-month restenosis and late loss rates.

FUNDAMENTO: Conhecer fatores de risco e manifestações clínicas da doença arterial coronariana (DAC) permite-nos intervir de maneira mais eficaz junto a uma determinada população. OBJETIVO: Identificar perfis clínicos e angiográficos dos pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco, atendidos em um hospital terciário e tratados por meio de intervenções coronarianas percutâneas (ICP). MÉTODOS: Casuística de 1.282 pacientes submetidos a 1.410 cateterismos cardíacos, selecionados de mar/2007-mai/2008 em um banco de dados de um hospital geral para diagnóstico de doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Fatores de risco, indicação do exame, detalhes técnicos da ICP e desfechos intra-hospitalares foram prospectivamente coletados. RESULTADOS: Foram 688 (54,0%) pacientes do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 65,4 ± 10,9 anos, sendo 20,0% acima dos 75 anos. O quadro clínico confirmado com mais frequência foi o de síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (SST) (38,7%). A DAC multiarterial ocorreu em 46,4%, foi indicada ICP em 464 pacientes, sendo tratadas 547 lesões-alvo (tipo B2 ou C, em 86,0%), sendo destas, 14,0% tratadas com stent farmacológico. Dentre os IAM com SST, ICP primária foi realizada em 19,0% dos pacientes, sendo que, destes, 77,0% foram transferidos dos hospitais de origem tardiamente (ICP tardia) e não receberam trombolítico prévio, e 4,0% realizaram ICP de resgate. Foi obtido sucesso angiográfico em 94,2% das ICPs. Aconteceu óbito em 5,6% dos pacientes, tendo estes uma média de idade de 75,2 ± 10,2 anos. CONCLUSÃO: Observamos predomínio de idosos (estando 20,1% > 75 anos) e do sexo masculino. Dos fatores de risco para DAC, os mais frequentes foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica e dislipidemia. Ocorreu predomínio da SCA. A idade > 75 anos, DAC multiarterial e a insuficiência renal crônica foram os preditores de óbito intra-hospitalar.

BACKGROUND: Knowing the risk factors and clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease (CAD) allows us to intervene more effectively with a particular population. OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical and angiographic profiles of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, treated at a tertiary hospital and treated by percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). METHODS: The study of 1,282 patients who underwent 1,410 cardiac catheterizations, selected from March/2007 to May/2008 from a database in a general hospital for diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Risk factors, indication for examination, technical details of PCI and in-hospital outcomes were prospectively collected. RESULTS: There were 688 (54.0%) males, mean age 65.4 ± 10.9 years and 20.0% above 75 years age. The most frequent clinical condition was acute coronary syndrome (ACS) without ST-segment elevation (STS) (38.7%). The multi artery CAD occurred in 46.4%, PCI was indicated in 464 patients, 547 target lesions were treated (type B2 or C, 86.0%), and of these, 14.0% treated with drug eluting stents. Among those with AMI with STS, primary PCI was performed in 19.0% of the patients, from these, 77.0% were transferred from the origin hospitals late (late PCI) and had not received prior thrombolytic, and 4.0% had PCI rescue. Angiographic success was achieved in 94.2% of PCIs. Death occurred in 5.6% of patients, with average age of 75.2 ± 10.2 years. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of elderly (20.1% being > 75 years) and male was observed. From the risk factors for CAD, the most common were systemic hypertension and dyslipidemia. There was a predominance of ACS. Age > 75 years old, multiarterial CAD and chronic renal failure were predictors of in-hospital deaths.

FUNDAMENTO: Conocer factores de riesgo y manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) nos permite intervenir de manera más eficaz en una determinada población. OBJETIVO: Identificar perfiles clínicos y angiográficos de los pacientes sometidos a cateterismo cardíaco, atendidos en un hospital terciario y tratados por medio de intervenciones coronarias percutáneas (ICP). MÉTODOS: Casuística de 1.282 pacientes sometidos a 1.410 cateterismos cardíacos, seleccionados de mar/2007-may/2008 en un banco de datos de un hospital general para diagnóstico de enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC). Factores de riesgo, indicación del examen, detalles técnicos de la ICP y desenlaces intrahospitalarios fueron prospectivamente colectados. RESULTADOS: Fueron 688 (54,0%) pacientes del sexo masculino, con media de edad de 65,4 ± 10,9 años, siendo 20,0% encima de los 75 años. El cuadro clínico confirmado con más frecuencia fue el de síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) sin supradesnivel del segmento ST (SST) (38,7%). La EAC multiarterial ocurrió en 46,4%, fue indicada ICP en 464 pacientes, siendo tratadas 547 lesiones-blanco (tipo B2 o C, en 86,0%), siendo de éstas, 14,0% tratadas con stent farmacológico. Entre los IAM con SST, ICP primaria fue realizada en 19,0% de los pacientes, siendo que, de éstos, 77,0% fueron transferidos de los hospitales de origen tardíamente (ICP tardía) y no recibieron trombolítico previo, y 4,0% realizaron ICP de rescate. Fue obtenido éxito angiográfico en 94,2% de las ICPs. Sucedió óbito en 5,6% de los pacientes, teniendo éstos una media de edad de 75,2 ± 10,2 años. CONCLUSIÓN: Observamos predominio de añosos (siendo 20,1% > 75 años) y del sexo masculino. De los factores de riesgo para EAC, los más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial sistémica y dislipidemia. Ocurrió predominio de la SCA. La edad > 75 años, EAC multiarterial y la insuficiencia renal crónica fueron los predictores de óbito intrahospitalario.

FUNDAMENTO: O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) estabelece que a angioplastia coronariana com o implante de duplo stent não deve exceder 20% das angioplastias, resultando na necessidade de escalonar a maioria dos procedimentos nos pacientes com doença multiarterial. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os valores remunerados pelo SUS para a obtenção da revascularização miocárdica percutânea completa em pacientes do SUS com doença multiarterial relacionados ao número de procedimentos necessários e de stents implantados. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 141 pacientes com doença coronariana multiarterial, submetidos à revascularização completa com sucesso pelo implante de stent, com coronariografia aos 6 meses pós-implante. A revascularização completa foi definida como o tratamento percutâneo de todas as lesões com percentual de estenose > 70%, em vasos com diâmetro > 2 mm. Para análise dos custos, foram considerados os valores da Tabela SIH/SUS de R$ 2.263,77 para o procedimento e R$ 2.034,23 por stent implantado. RESULTADOS: No período de 07/2006 a 12/2007 foram implantados 416 stents em 141 pacientes. A idade média foi de 59,7 ± 9,9 anos, com predomínio do sexo masculino (68,1%). O número de vasos foi 356 e o número de lesões 416. Para a obtenção da revascularização completa pelo implante de stent coronáriano foi necessário o escalonamento em até 4 procedimentos. O tempo médio entre a 1ª e 2ª, 2ª e 3ª e 3ª e 4ª angioplastias foi de 45,8 ± 37,7, 55,4 ± 55,3 e 33,5 ± 19,1 dias, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A revascularização percutânea completa em pacientes do SUS com doença coronariana multiarterial, realizada em sua grande maioria de forma escalonada, ocasiona considerável elevação de gastos públicos devido ao aumento do número de procedimentos.

BACKGROUND: The Brazilian Public Health System (SUS, acronym in Portuguese) establishes that coronary angioplasty with the double implant stent must not exceed 20% of the angioplasties, resulting in the need of assigning most of the procedures in patients with multiarterial disease. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to assess the paid values by the SUS in order to obtain the complete percutaneous myocardial revascularization in the SUS patients with the multiarterial disease, related to the number of necessary procedures and of implanted stents. METHODS: A total of 141 patients with multiarterial coronary disease, submitted to a successful complete revascularization, were included by the stent implant with coronariography in a 6-month period of post-implant. The complete revascularization was defined as the percutaneous treatment of all stenosis > 70% in vessels with diameter > 2 mm. For the costs analysis, the values from the Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH) of the SUS table were considered as R$ 2,263.77, for the procedure; and R$ 2,034.23, per implanted stent. RESULTS: In the period from 7/2006 to 12/2007, 416 stents were implanted in 141 patients. The mean age was of 59.7 ± 9.9 years old, prevailing the male sex (68.1%). The number of vessels was 356 and the lesions number corresponded to 416. In order to obtain the complete revascularization by the coronary stent implant, it was necessary to stagger in up to four procedures. The mean time between the 1st and 2nd, 2nd and 3rd and 3rd and 4th angioplasties was of 45.8 ± 37.7; 55.4 ± 55.3 and 33.5 ± 19.1 days, respectively. CONCLUSION: The complete percutaneous revascularization in patients from the SUS with the multiarterial coronary disease, carried out in most of them staggered, causes considerable elevation of public expenses due to the increase of procedures' number.

INTRODUÇÃO: Elevado grau de estresse emocional é usualmente encontrado no atendimento de pacientes que aguardam a realização de angioplastia coronária. Nosso objetivo principal foi avaliar a eficácia do atendimento psicológico na redução do estresse emocional em pacientes submetidos a angioplastia coronária. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo prospectivo, sequencial, randomizado. A casuística da presente análise foi composta de 128 pacientes portadores de insuficiência coronária aguda ou crônica, divididos em dois grupos: grupo A, 66 pacientes que receberam atendimento psicológico hospitalar pré-intervenção, e grupo B, 62 pacientes que realizaram angioplastia coronária sem atendimento psicológico hospitalar. Os dois grupos responderam a um inventário específico para avaliar se havia presença ou não de estresse emocional antes e após a angioplastia. RESULTADOS: Na repetição do inventário, observou-se que no grupo A 74% dos pacientes não apresentavam estresse emocional e 26% continuavam com estresse. No grupo B, na repetição do inventário, observou-se que 6% dos pacientes não apresentavam estresse emocional e 94% continuavam com estresse. CONCLUSÕES: O atendimento psicológico em pacientes submetidos a angioplastia coronária foi eficaz na redução do estresse.

BACKGROUND: High rates of emotional stress are usually observed in the care of patients waiting for coronary angioplasty. Our main objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological treatment in reducing emotional stress in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. METHODS: This is a prospective, sequential, randomized study. This study included 128 patients with acute or chronic coronary artery disease who were divided into two groups: group A included 66 patients who received psychological treatment prior to coronary angioplasty, and group B with 62 patients who underwent coronary angioplasty without psychological treatment. Both groups answered a specific questionnaire to assess whether there was emotional stress prior and after angioplasty. RESULTS: When the questionnaire was repeated, it was observed that in group A, 74% of the patients did not have emotional stress, whereas it was present in 26% of the patients. In group B, when the questionnaire was repeated, 6% of the patients did not have emotional stress, whereas it was present in 94% of them. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological treatment in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty was effective in reducing stress.

INTRODUÇÃO: Lesões coronárias em bifurcação ainda representam um desafio ao tratamento percutâneo, com sucesso do procedimento abaixo do esperado e altas taxas de reestenose. A técnica de pull-back é uma opção no tratamento de lesões coronárias de bifurcações que apresentam acometimento isolado do óstio de ramos laterais, embora seus resultados a médio prazo ainda não sejam conhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados angiográficos iniciais e aos seis meses com essa técnica em nossa casuística. MÉTODO: A técnica consiste no posicionamento de duas guias, seguido do stent no ramo lateral e do balão no vaso principal encobrindo a origem do ramo. Após a insuflação do balão no vaso principal, o stent é tracionado em direção ao vaso principal até contato com o balão e, então, liberado. RESULTADOS: Foram tratados 37 pacientes consecutivos. Os ramos diagonais foram os mais freqüentemente abordados (70,3%). O diâmetro de referência dos ramos laterais foi de 2,51 ± 0,37 mm e a extensão da lesão, de 11,1 ± 3,7 mm. A pressão de liberação dos stents no ramo lateral foi de 12,8 ± 1,9 atm e a pressão de insuflação do balão no vaso principal, de 7,8 ± 0,9 atm. O sucesso do implante ocorreu em todos os procedimentos. Foram submetidos a coronariografia tardia 22 (59,5%) pacientes, tendo sido observada reestenose no ramo lateral em nove (40,9%) pacientes e desenvolvimento de lesões > 50% no vaso principal em sete (31,8%). CONCLUSÃO: Lesões isoladas localizadas no óstio de ramos laterais tratadas com stent pela técnica de pull-back apresentaram elevadas taxas de sucesso do procedimento. No seguimento a médio prazo, entretanto, observou-se elevada taxa de reestenose no ramo lateral e alto risco de desenvolvimento de uma nova obstrução no vaso principal.

INTRODUCTION: Bifurcated coronary lesions are still a challenge to the percutaneous treatment, with a lower than expected success rate and high rates of restenosis. The pull-back technique is an option for the treatment of coronary lesions in bifurcations that compromises exclusively the ostium of lateral branches, but its middle term results are still not known. The aim of this study is to assess the initial and 6-month angiographic results of this technique in our casuistic. METHOD: The technique consists in the positioning of two guide-wires, followed by the stent in the lateral branch and the balloon in the main vessel, covering the origin of the branch. After insufflating the balloon in the main vessel, the stent is pulled back towards the main vessel until it touches the balloon, and then implanted. RESULTS: Thirty-seven consecutive patients were treated. The diagonal branches were the most commonly treated (70.3%). The reference diameter of the lateral branches was 2.51 ± 0.37 mm and the extension of the lesion 11.1 ± 3.7 mm. The release pressure of the stents within the lateral branch was 12.8 ± 1.9 atm and the insufflation pressure of the balloon in the main vessel was 7.8 ± 0.9 atm. The stent was successfully implanted in all procedures. Twenty-two (59.5%) patients were submitted to late coronariography and restenosis was observed in the lateral branch in 9 (40.9%) patients, and the development of lesions > 50% in the main vessel was observed in 7 (31.8%) patients. CONCLUSION: Isolated lesions found in the ostial of lateral branches treated with the "pull-back" stent implantation technique presented high rates of procedural success. However, in the middle term follow-up, a high restenosis rate in the lateral branch was observed, as well as a high risk of developing a new obstruction in the main vessel.

Homem de 39 anos com angina pós-infarto. Coronariografia demonstrou: obstrução total proximal da artéria coronária direita (ACD), lesões obstrutivas de 95% na artéria descendente anterior (ADA), 80% no 2° ramo marginal esquerdo (ME) e 95% na artéria circunflexa (ACX). O paciente foi submetido a implante de stent TAXUS 3,0 x 24 mm e stent EXPRESS 2,75 x 24 mm nos terços proximal e distal da ACD, respectivamente, e stent INFINNIUM 3,0 x 24 mm na ADA com sucesso. Após 7 meses, apresentou IAM anterior por trombose do stent INFINNIUM e reestenose do stent TAXUS, sem perda de resultado nos stents convencionais.

A male 39 year-old patient with post-infarction angina. The coronary angiography showed total proximal obstruction of right coronary artery (RCA), obstructive lesions of 95% of the anterior descending artery (ADA), 80% of the second left marginal branch (LM2), and 95% of the circumflex artery (CXA). The patient was successfully implanted with a Taxus 3.0 x 24 mm stent and an Express 2.75 x 24 mm stent in the proximal and distal thirds of the RCA, respectively, and with an Infinnium 3.0 x 24 mm stent in the ADA. After seven months, the patient had an anterior acute myocardial infarct (AMI) due to thrombosis of the Infinnium stent and restenosis of the Taxus stent, with no loss of results in the conventional stents.

OBJETIVO: Comparar as taxas de reestenose e de eventos cardíacos maiores em um e seis meses pós-implante de stents recobertos com CSD com os não-recobertos. MÉTODOS: Estudo comparativo, prospectivo, randomizado, de 180 pacientes com diagnóstico de insuficiência coronária, submetidos a implante de stent recoberto com CSD (Phytis®) ou stent não-recobertos (Penta®), no período de janeiro de 2003 a julho de 2004. Foram critérios de inclusão: lesão de novo com porcentual de estenose em diâmetro > 50% em artéria coronária com diâmetro de referência > 2,5 mm e < 4 mm e extensão < 20 mm; e de exclusão: lesões localizadas no TCE, bifurcações, oclusões crônicas e reestenose intra-stent. RESULTADOS: As características basais dos grupos foram clinica e angiograficamentemente semelhantes. O sucesso do procedimento foi obtido em 98,9% dos pacientes nos dois grupos. Ocorreu uma morte cardíaca na fase hospitalar em cada grupo. O diâmetro de referência e o ganho agudo foram maiores no grupo Penta® (3,21±0,37 mm vs 3,34±0,8 mm, p=0,02 e 2,3±0,5 vs 2,49±0,5, p=0,009, respectivamente). O seguimento angiográfico aos seis meses mostrou taxas semelhantes de reestenose (24,3% vs 21,8%, p=0,84) e de eventos cardíacos maiores (16,8% vs 17,5%, p=1). CONCLUSÃO: Os stents recobertos com CSD não apresentaram resultados superiores em relação aos stents não-recobertos.

OBJECTIVE: To compare restenosis and major cardiac event rates at one and six months after DLC-coated stent implantation with those of uncoated stents. METHODS: Randomized, prospective, comparative study of 180 patients with coronary insufficiency undergoing DLC coated stent (Phytis™) or uncoated stent (Penta™) implantation, from January, 2003 to July, 2004. Inclusion criteria were: de novo lesion with >50% diameter stenosis in a coronary artery with reference diameter > 2,5 mm and < 4 mm, and length < 20 mm. Exclusion criteria were: left main coronary artery and bifurcation lesions, chronic total occlusion, and in-stent restenosis. RESULTS: Clinical and angiographic baseline characteristics of the groups were similar. Procedural success was achieved in 98.9% of the patients in both groups. One cardiac death occurred in each group during hospitalization. Reference diameter and acute gain were greater in the Penta™ group (3.21±0.37 mm vs. 3.34±0.8 mm, p=0.02 and 2.3±0.5 vs. 2.49±0.5, p=0.009, respectively). Angiographic follow-up at six months showed similar rates of restenosis (24.3% vs. 21.8%, p=0.84) and of major cardiac events (16.8% vs. 17.5%, p=1). CONCLUSION: DLC coated stents did not provide better outcomes in relation to uncoated stents.

FUNDAMENTOS: O Sistema Único de Saúde estabelece que a angioplastia coronária com implante de dupla prótese intraluminal não deverá exceder o total de 20% das angioplastias realizadas, resultando na necessidade de escalonar a maioria dos procedimentos nos pacientes com doença coronária multiarterial. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os custos do escalonamento estabelecido pelo SUS para implante de stent ao planejamento de implante de stent considerado ideal pela equipe de cardiologia intervencionista, em pacientes com doença coronária multiarterial, com indicação de implante de mais um stent por procedimento. MÉTODO: Os custos foram comparados em uma série consecutiva de 100 pacientes com doença multiarterial com indicação de revascularização completa por intervenção coronária percutânea com o implante de dois ou mais stents por paciente. As coronariografias foram previamente avaliadas pela equipe de cardiologia intervencionista, que indicou o escalonamento considerado ideal para o tratamento das estenoses coronárias em cada paciente. Em seguida, foram realizados os procedimentos de acordo com os critérios do SUS e os custos das duas estratégias comparados. O valor do procedimento de implante de um stent pela tabela SUS é de R$4.298,00. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi 61,5±10,7 anos, 66% eram do sexo masculino, 43% eram diabéticos e 67% tinham angina estável. Ocorreu concordância em relação ao escalonamento estabelecido pelo SUS em 44% e discordância em 56%. Foram realizados 58 procedimentos a mais do que o considerado ideal pela equipe de cardiologia intervencionista, gerando um custo adicional de R$131.298,00. CONCLUSÕES: O escalonamento estabelecido pelo SUS, comparado ao considerado ideal pela equipe de cardiologia intervencionista, ocasiona um aumento no número de procedimentos de implante de stent coronário e, consequentemente, uma elevação de gastos públicos.

BACKGROUND: The Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) establishes that coronary angioplasties with implantation of two stents must not exceed 20% of the total amount of angioplasties performed, resulting in the necessity of staged procedures in the majority of the patients with multivessel coronary disease. The objective of this study was to compare the costs of the staged stent implantation policy, imposed by SUS, with the stent implantation approach considered ideal by the interventional cardiology team, in patients with multivessel coronary disease. METHODS: Costs were compared in a consecutive cohort of 100 patients with multivessel disease with indication of complete revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention. Coronary angiographies had been previously evaluated by the interventional cardiology team that had individualized the approach considered ideal for the treatment of each patient. Procedures were then performed in accordance to SUS multistage policy and the costs of the two treatment strategies were compared. Of note, a single stent implantation procedure costs R$4,298.00 according to the SUS price list. RESULTS: Mean age was 61.5±10.7 years, 66% were male, 43% diabetics and 67% had stable angina. Agreement in relation to the SUS staged procedures occurred in 44% and discordance in 56%. An excess of 58 procedures was detected, generating an additional cost of R$131,298.00. CONCLUSIONS: The multistaged approach imposed by SUS increases the number of procedures for coronary stent implantation in patients with multivessel disease and consequently increments the public expenses.

Homem de 61 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de síndrome mielodisplásica e angina instável foi submetido a angiografia coronariana e implante de stent. O hemograma revelou 40.000/mm³ plaquetas. A angiografia coronariana, precedida por transfusão de plaquetas, revelou obstrução de 80% no óstio da artéria coronariana direita (ACD). Após o uso de clopidogrel 75mg, o paciente foi submetido à nova transfusão de plaquetas e a implante de stent LEKTON 3,0x10mm na lesão da ACD. Não ocorreram sangramentos após as retiradas dos introdutores. Após seis meses, o teste de esforço foi positivo e nova angiografia, sob as mesmas condições anteriores, mostrou reestenose intra-stent. Esse relato sugere que o implante de stent coronariano em pacientes com plaquetopenia é seguro, contanto que se realize a transfusão profilática de plaquetas, embora em longo prazo possa haver reestenose.

Sixty-one-year-old male patient with diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome and unstable angina was submitted to coronary angiography and implant of stent. His Blood vell count revealed 40,000 platelets/mm³. Coronary angiography with previous platelet transfusion showed obstruction of 80% of the right coronary artery (RCA). Following the administration of clopidogrel, the patient was submitted to another platelet transfusion and stent implantation in the RCA lesion. No bleeding was observed after the introducers removal. After 6 months, treadmill test was positive and new coronary aniography, in the same conditions, showed in-stent restenosis. This case report suggests that coronary stent implantation in patients with thrombocytopenia is a safe procedure, provided that prophylactic platelet transfusion is performed, although late restenosis may occur.