RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la contribución de cuidadores informales para el autocuidado de personas con insuficiencia cardíaca. Métodos: estudio transversal, realizado con 87 cuidadores, de marzo a octubre de 2022, en la ciudad João Pessoa/PB. La contribución del cuidador fue evaluada mediante el instrumento Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Heart Failure Index. Escores ≥ 70 puntos indican contribución adecuada. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y correlación de Spearman. Resultados: son del sexo femenino 81,6% de la muestra. La mediana de los escores obtenidos para las escalas de contribución para el autocuidado fueron: 63,3 para manutención; 55,5 para manejo; y 66,6 para confianza. Los cuidadores nunca o raramente recomendaban el monitoreo del peso corporal, la práctica regular de ejercicios físicos, el uso extra de diuréticos y la restricción de líquidos. Conclusiones: los cuidadores informales presentaron contribución inadecuada en los quesitos manutención, manejo y confianza del autocuidado de personas con insuficiencia cardíaca. Objetivos cardíaca Métodos transversal 8 2022 PessoaPB Pessoa PB Pessoa/PB SelfCare Self Care Index 7 adecuada Spearman Resultados 816 81 6 81,6 muestra 633 63 3 63, manutención 555 55 5 55, 666 66 66, corporal físicos líquidos Conclusiones 202 81, 20 2

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a contribuição de cuidadores informais para o autocuidado de pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado com 87 cuidadores, de março a outubro de 2022, na cidade João Pessoa/PB. A contribuição do cuidador foi avaliada por meio do instrumento Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Heart Failure Index. Escores ≥ 70 pontos indicam contribuição adequada. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e correlação de Spearman. Resultados: eram do sexo feminino 81,6% da amostra. A mediana dos escores obtidos para as escalas de contribuição para o autocuidado foram: 63,3 para manutenção; 55,5 para manejo; e 66,6 para confiança. Os cuidadores nunca ou raramente recomendavam o monitoramento do peso corporal, a prática regular de exercícios físicos, o uso extra de diuréticos e a restrição de líquidos. Conclusões: os cuidadores informais apresentaram contribuição inadequada nos quesitos manutenção, manejo e confiança do autocuidado de pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca. Objetivos cardíaca Métodos transversal 8 2022 PessoaPB Pessoa PB Pessoa/PB SelfCare Self Care Index 7 adequada Spearman Resultados 816 81 6 81,6 amostra 633 63 3 63, manutenção 555 55 5 55, 666 66 66, corporal físicos líquidos Conclusões 202 81, 20 2

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the contribution of informal caregivers to the self-care of individuals with heart failure. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 87 caregivers from March to October 2022 in the city of João Pessoa/PB. The caregivers’ contribution was assessed using the Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Heart Failure Index instrument. Scores ≥ 70 points indicate adequate contribution. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation. Results: the sample consisted of 81.6% female caregivers. Median scores obtained for the self-care contribution scales were: 63.3 for maintenance; 55.5 for management; and 66.6 for confidence. Caregivers never or rarely recommended monitoring body weight, regular physical exercise, extra use of diuretics, and fluid restriction. Conclusions: informal caregivers showed inadequate contribution in the areas of maintenance, management, and confidence in self-care of individuals with heart failure. Objectives selfcare self care failure Methods crosssectional cross sectional 8 202 PessoaPB Pessoa PB Pessoa/PB SelfCare Self Care instrument 7 Spearmans Spearman s correlation Results 816 81 6 81.6 633 63 3 63. maintenance 555 55 5 55. management 666 66 66. weight exercise diuretics restriction Conclusions 20 81. 2

Abstract Purpose To review studies that have intervention in reading with impacts on phonological awareness in children with autism spectrum disorder. Research strategies Searches took place until February 2021 in Cochrane, Embase, ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and gray literature databases. Selection criteria The review included experimental studies with preschoolers and schoolchildren with ASD. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and, in case of disagreement, a third reviewer was consulted. Data analysis Joanna Briggs Institute checklists were used for risk of bias. A random effects meta-analysis was performed and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Results Eight studies with some impact on phonological awareness were reviewed. The risk of bias was low and moderate. The certainty of the evidence was low for randomized trials and very low for non-randomised trials. Comparison of pre- and post-therapy on the Preschool Literacy Test (TOPEL) showed that children with ASD improved phonological awareness, with a mean difference between baseline and post-therapy of 6.21 (95% CI = 3.75-8.67; I2 = 0%). Conclusion Shared reading and software activities with words and phrases can alter phonological awareness. These results support further research with larger samples and a detailed description of the intervention to observe its effectiveness in phonological awareness. disorder 202 Cochrane Embase Education Center, Center , Center) Latin Literature, Literature Literature) PubMedMedline PubMed Medline PubMed/Medline Scopus databases disagreement consulted metaanalysis meta tool reviewed moderate nonrandomised non randomised pre posttherapy post therapy TOPEL (TOPEL 621 6 21 6.2 95% 95 (95 3.758.67 375867 3.75 8.67 3 75 8 67 3.75-8.67 I 0%. 0 0% . 0%) 20 62 2 6. 9 (9 758 3.758.6 37586 375 3.7 867 8.6 7 3.75-8.6 ( 3.758. 3758 37 3. 86 8. 3.75-8. 3.758 3.75-8 3.75-

Abstract The pandemic caused by coronavirus has resonated throughout different levels of health care in Brazil and, in this context, the present research aimed to evaluate this impact on tertiary dental care provided by the Unified Health System (SUS). Therefore, an ecological study was conducted with data obtained from the Hospital Information System processed by the Portal of the Department of Informatics of SUS. The sample consisted of patients of all sexes and age groups, whose Hospital Admission Authorizations (AIHs) were approved for dental tertiary care procedures from January 2015 to December 2020. Descriptive analyses and the ANOVA test with a significance level set at p < 0.05 were used. When the annual mean numbers of AIHs approved were evaluated, findings showed that on an average, the Southeast region authorized a higher number of procedures (p-value < 0.001), however, in the pandemic year (2020), a reduction of approximately 24.5% of these hospitalizations occurred throughout Brazil, with the Midwest being the region most affected (32.12%). A percentage increase occurred in the Surgical Treatment of Oral sinus/Oral nasal Fistula (16.1%), in addition to a significant decrease in performing procedures for Resection of Mouth Lesion (33.4%). In the pandemic year, there was a reduction of 14% in expenditures related to hospital services and 23.26% related to professional services. It was concluded that the data presented demonstrated a significant reduction in AIHs for tertiary dental care in the pandemic year. context SUS . (SUS) Therefore groups (AIHs 201 2020 005 0 05 0.0 used evaluated average pvalue value 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.001) however 2020, (2020) 245 24 5 24.5 32.12%. 3212 32.12% 32 12 (32.12%) sinusOral sinus 16.1%, 161 16.1% 16 1 (16.1%) 33.4%. 334 33.4% 33 4 (33.4%) 14 2326 23 26 23.26 (SUS 20 202 00 0. 000 0.00 (2020 2 24. 321 32.12 3 (32.12% 16.1 (16.1% 33.4 (33.4% 232 23.2 (202 32.1 (32.12 16. (16.1 33. (33.4 23. (20 32. (32.1 (16. (33. (2 (32. (16 (33 ( (32 (1 (3

ABSTRACT Background: Tropical Dry Forests (TDFs) are repositories of biodiversity, ecosystem services and carbon that are threatened by fragmentation and climate change. Floristic and phytosociological studies are fundamental database for many studies of conservation and sustainability, but there is a knowledge gap concerning TDFs, especially in the Andes valleys. The aim of this study was to determine the phytosociological structure and composition of woody vegetation of seven TDFs in the Colombian Andes, and because the flora associated with this type of forest has a geographical distribution restricted to each locality where this biome exists, provide information on the main species, genera and families for conservation and restoration actions as well as for future meta-analyses. We sampled seven TDFs with 20 plots of 25 m × 4 m. Results: In the 1.88 hectares of samples, 8422 individuals were surveyed, distributed in 170 species, 120 genera and 50 botanical families. Of these species, 78.82% were identified at the species level, 17.05% at the genus level, and 4.11% at the family level. The most important families were Fabaceae and Myrtaceae. Nitrogen-fixing Fabaceae species were prominent amongst the important species, especially in low altitude and more stressing sites. Conclusion: The structure, composition and ecological importance of these forests must be considered for conservation and ecological restoration plans, in particular the habitat preference of species along the topographic gradient. Particularly noteworthy for conservation are the Myrtaceae species because promote connectivity and regeneration by providing resources for the fauna, a driver of dispersal, as well as nitrogen-fixing Fabaceae species, because promote the resilience and natural regeneration of TDFs in the Andes, a key feature of stability. Background (TDFs biodiversity change sustainability valleys exists metaanalyses. metaanalyses meta analyses. analyses meta-analyses 2 Results 188 1 88 1.8 samples 842 surveyed 17 12 5 7882 78 82 78.82 level 1705 05 17.05 411 11 4.11 Nitrogenfixing Nitrogen fixing sites Conclusion plans gradient fauna dispersal nitrogenfixing nitrogen stability 18 8 1. 84 788 7 78.8 0 17.0 41 4.1 78. 17. 4.

ABSTRACT The growth-survival trade-off hypothesis states that functional traits of stem, wood, leaves and fruits govern acquisitive and conservative strategies of plant species that grow/survive differently in forests. We aimed to determine whether heterogeneity during the colonization of a secondary Atlantic Forest fragment causes differences in colonization-related traits and determines taxonomic composition of subplots. A total of 5,078 subplots were censused with leaf and fruit traits and height measurements being determined for each tree of each species, and with averaged-abundance-weighted values calculated for each subplot. A dendrogram was generated from the taxonomic composition of subplots using Sorensen similarity and UPGMA clustering. A total of 74,335 trees of 178 species were recorded. Clustering revealed five main groups of subplots that were tested against each other and found to differ in terms of average leaf width, leaf-width/petiole-width, wood density, mean height, height mode, fruit width and fruit length. Greater leaf averages in subplots were associated with greater fruit averages, and with higher wood densities and greater heights among groups of subplots, revealing that heterogeneity during colonization directed the communities of the 50-ha plot. The averaged values of functional traits detected subplots associated with conditions favorable to colonization, thereby reinforcing the growth-survival trade-off hypothesis.

Resumo Em sua origem, a palavra “eutanásia” significa “boa morte” ou “morte sem dor”, prática que visa aliviar o sofrimento e cessar a dor do paciente em estado terminal. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender os sentimentos e as percepções dos profissionais que atuam em unidade de terapia intensiva sobre o tema. Trata-se de pesquisa de caráter retrospectivo, descritivo e de análise qualitativa realizada com 23 profissionais do hospital universitário de Montes Claros/MG, por meio de entrevistas estruturadas, interpretadas a partir da análise de conteúdo. Os profissionais demonstraram conhecimento prévio sobre eutanásia e evidenciaram em seus discursos percepções de aspectos sociais, morais, éticos e técnicos. A eutanásia é questão complexa, muito discutida mundialmente. Portanto, é necessário explorar a problemática de legalização, bem como os impactos dessa decisão na vida do enfermo e na sociedade como um todo. Aprovação CEP-Soebras 2.014.605

Abstract Euthanasia, which originally means “good death” or “painless death”, is a practice aimed at relieving suffering and ending the pain of the terminally ill patient. This study was designed to understand Intensive Care Unit health workers’ feelings and perceptions about euthanasia. This is a retrospective, descriptive and qualitative analysis research conducted with 23 workers at the University Hospital of Montes Claros/MG, Brazil, through structured interviews interpreted from content analysis. The interviewees demonstrated prior knowledge of euthanasia, and their discourses evidenced perceptions of social, moral, ethical and technical aspects. Euthanasia is a matter of great complexity, much discussed worldwide. It is necessary to explore the legalization issue, as well as the impacts of implementing such practice on the life of the sick patient, as well as for society as a whole. Approval CEP-Soebras 2.014.605

Resumen En su origen, la palabra “eutanasia” significa “buena muerte” o “muerte sin dolor”, práctica que pretende aliviar el sufrimiento y poner fin al dolor del paciente terminal. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender los sentimientos y percepciones de los profesionales que trabajan en la unidad de cuidados intensivos sobre el tema. Se trata de un análisis retrospectivo, descriptivo y cualitativo, realizado con 23 profesionales del Hospital Universitario Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil, mediante entrevistas estructuradas interpretadas a partir del análisis de contenido. Los profesionales demostraron conocimientos previos sobre la eutanasia y mostraron en sus discursos percepciones de los aspectos sociales, morales, éticos y técnicos. La eutanasia es un tema complejo, muy discutido en todo el mundo. Por lo tanto, es necesario explorar la cuestión de la legalización, así como las repercusiones de esta decisión en la vida del paciente y de la sociedad en su conjunto. Aprobación CEP-Soebras 2.014.605

Resumo Coléteres são estruturas secretoras que produzem uma substância pegajosa, constituída por uma mistura de mucilagens, proteínas, terpenos, substâncias pécticas e até alcaloides, que lubrifica e protege o meristema apical. Vários tipos de coléteres têm sido descritos e apresentam valor taxonômico em muitas famílias botânicas. Em Myrtaceae, a descrição de coléteres é recente apresentando três novos tipos morfológicos (cônico, euriforme e petalóide) que diferem dos já descritos para outras eudicotiledôneas. Neste trabalho, são descritos os tipos morfológicos de coléteres em seis espécies de três gêneros pertencentes à tribo Myrteae da subfamília Myrtoideae do Cerrado brasileiro. As amostras foram fixadas para microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. Testes histoquímicos foram realizados em material fresco e em incluído em metacrilato. Foram observados coléteres cônico e euriforme, que não diferiram nem morfoanatomicamente nem quanto à natureza de secreção, daqueles já descritos para espécies de Myrtoideae, o que pode indicar seu uso potencial para fins taxonômicos. Considerando a hipótese de que as linhagens múltiplas de frutos carnosos evoluíram de forma independente na tribo Myrteae, nossos resultados indicam a relevância de estudos adicionais para se reconhecer o padrão de distribuição de coléteres em Myrtaceae.

Abstract Colleters are secretory structures that produce a sticky substance, consisting of a mixture of mucilage, proteins, terpenes, pectic substances and even alkaloids, which lubricates and protects the shoot apical meristem. Several colleter types have been described and have taxonomic value in many botanical families. In Myrtaceae, the colleters description is recent and presents three new morphological types (conic, euryform and petaloid) that differ those already described for other eudicots. In this work, we report the colleters morphological types in six species of three genera belonging to the Myrteae tribe of Myrtoideae from the Brazilian Cerrado. The samples were fixed for light and scanning electron microscopy. Histochemical tests were carried out on the fresh and methacrylate-embedded material. The conic and euryform colleters from Myrtoideae species of the Cerrado did not differ either morphologically nor as to the secretion nature from those described for Myrtoideae species from others biomes, which may indicate their potential use for taxonomic purposes. Considering the hypothesis that the multiple fleshy-fruit lineages have evolved independently in Myrteae tribe, our results indicate the relevance of additional studies in order to recognize the pattern of distribution of colleters in Myrtaceae.

RESUMO Ainda que os inselbergs ao redor do mundo sejam ecossistemas icônicos, pouco se sabe sobre os mecanismos subjacentes que estruturam suas comunidades vegetais, especialmente nas manchas de vegetação sobre afloramentos rochosos. Espera-se que as restrições ambientais causem agrupamento filogenético quando os nichos ecológicos são conservados dentro das linhagens evolutivas. Nós testamos se as manchas de vegetação dos afloramentos rochosos do Monumento Natural Piedra La Tortuga, no norte da região amazônica, apresentam indicadores filogenéticos de que a filtragem ambiental é o principal direcionador da estruturação da comunidade. Classificamos todas as manchas de acordo com seu tamanho como muito pequenas (<1 m2), pequenas (1-4 m2), médias (4-8 m2) e grandes (8-15 m2). Selecionamos aleatoriamente 10 manchas em cada classe de tamanho, totalizando 40 manchas cobrindo 226 m2. Todos os indivíduos encontrados nas 40 manchas foram identificados ao nível de espécie. Correlacionamos as medidas da estrutura filogenética da comunidade com o tamanho das manchas e encontramos que as espécies das manchas são restritas aos clados das monocotiledôneas, fabídeas, malvídeas e lamiídeas. Concluímos que a vegetação neste afloramento rochoso é agrupada filogeneticamente. Além disso, encontramos que o turnover filogenético entre pares de manchas aumenta com o tamanho da mancha, o que é consistente com um cenário de alto estresse ambiental nas manchas menores. São necessárias mais pesquisas para identificar espécies facilitadoras, que são fundamentais para a conservação e restauração destes ecossistemas.

ABSTRACT Although inselbergs from around the world are iconic ecosystems, little is known on the underlying mechanisms of community assembly, especially in their characteristic patchy outcrop vegetation. Environmental constraints are expected to cause phylogenetic clustering when ecological niches are conserved within evolutionary lineages. We tested whether vegetation patches from rock outcrops of the Piedra La Tortuga Natural Monument, in the northern Amazon region, are phylogenetically clustered, indicating that environmental filtering is the dominant driver of community assemblage therein. We classified all patches according to their size as very small (< 1 m2), small (1-4 m2), medium-sized (4-8 m2), and large patches (8-15 m2). From each class, we randomly selected 10 patches, totalizing 40 patches covering 226 m2. All individuals found in the 40 isolated patches were identified to the species level. We also correlated measurements of phylogenetic community structure with patch size. We found that species from patches are restricted to the clades monocots, fabids, malvids, and lamiids. We conclude that vegetation in this rock outcrop is phylogenetically clustered. Furthermore, we found that phylogenetic turnover between pairs of patches increases with patch size, which is consistent with a scenario of higher environmental stress in smaller patches. Further research is necessary to identify nurse species in inselberg vegetation, which is pivotal for conservation and restoration of this particular ecosystem.

Resumen Aunque los inselbergs son afloramientos rocosos icónicos con un alto valor biogeográfico, poco se conoce sobre los mecanismos responsables de la estructuración de comunidades vegetales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar cómo el tamaño de los parches de vegetación influye en la relación especie-área y distribución de la abundancia de especies de una comunidad en un inselberg del Monumento Natural “Piedra La Tortuga”, región Guayana, Venezuela. Por este motivo, se establecieron tres preguntas de investigación: ¿Cuál es el efecto del tamaño de los parches sobre la riqueza de especies? ¿Qué tipo de modelo especie-área (SAR) presenta mejor ajuste en esos parches de vegetación? ¿Cómo es la distribución de las abundancias de las especies (SADs) es inducida por el tamaño de los parches? Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio estratificado en parches que oscilaron entre 0.34 y 14.8 m2, totalizando 40 unidades muestrales (226 m2). Todos los individuos encontrados en los 40 parches fueron identificados a nivel de especie. La composición florística en las diferentes muestras estuvo representada por 19 familias, 22 géneros y 24 especies, de las cuales 50 % son endémicas de inselbergs y dos están amenazadas de extinción. Se identificaron dos grupos de tamaños de parches (grandes 8-15 m2 y pequeños ≤ 7.9 m2) en relación a la abundancia y composición de especies, con diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Las curvas de acumulación de especies para cada grupo de tamaño de parche muestran una tendencia contrastante con marcadas diferencias en la riqueza observada entre los grupos de tamaños de parches. Las curvas de los modelos SADs tuvieron un ajuste significativo de la serie geométrica en las dos categorías de parches. El modelo SAR de la función potencia presentó los mejores ajustes especie-área, donde el aumento del área de los parches explicó un 82 % de la variación en el aumento del número de especies. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran por primera vez como el tamaño de los parches de vegetación de un inselberg tropical tiene una fuerte influencia sobre la riqueza, distribución de la abundancia y composición de especies. Así mismo, se determinó que el modelo geométrico SAD presentó el mejor ajuste en la comunidad en función del tamaño de los parches como un indicador de recursos, donde la abundancia de una especie puede ser equivalente a una proporción del espacio ocupado. También se presume que los cambios de tamaño de los parches, podría estar asociado con la disponibilidad de nutrientes y agua, como ha sido demostrado en otros ambientes de tierras secas. En algunos estudios se ha argumentado que la variación en la composición de especies entre los perfiles de vegetación de inselbergs tropicales está condicionada principalmente por la estructura del hábitat y el déficit hídrico. Sin embargo, no se había discutido cómo el tamaño de los parches de vegetación tiene un efecto en la riqueza. Los análisis SADs y SAR pueden proporcionar explicaciones complementarias sobre la estructuración de comunidades vegetales en inselbergs.

Abstract Although inselbergs are iconic rock outcrops with a high biogeographic value, little is known about drivers responsible for the plant community assembly. The aim of this research was to evaluate how the patch size distribution of vegetation influences the species-area relationship and species abundance distribution of a community in an inselberg of the “Piedra La Tortuga” Natural Monument of the Guayana region, Venezuela. In this context, three research questions were established: What is the effect of patch size on species richness? What species-area model (SAR) has the best fit in those vegetation patches? How is the distribution of species abundances (SADs) induced by the patch size distribution? A stratified random sampling was performed in patches ranging from 0.34 to 14.8 m2, totaling 40 sampling units (226 m2). All individuals found in the 40 patches were identified at species level. The floristic composition in the different samples was represented by 19 families, 22 genera and 24 species, of which 50 % are endemic to inselbergs and two, are threatened of extinction. Two groups of patch sizes were identified (large 8-15 m2 and small ≤ 7.9 m2) in relation to the abundance and composition of species. The species accumulation curves for each patch size group show a contrasting tendency with marked differences in the observed richness among patch size groups. The curves of the SADs models had a significant adjustment of the geometric series in the two categories of patches. The SAR model of the power function presented the best species-area adjustments, where the increase in patch area accounted for 82 % of the variation in the increase in the number of species. The results of this study demonstrate for the first time how vegetation patches of a tropical inselberg have a strong influence on richness, abundance distribution and species composition. Likewise, it was determined that the SAD geometric model presented the best fit in the community as a function of patch size as a resource indicator, where the abundance of a species can be equivalent to a proportion of the space occupied. It is also presumed that changes in patch sizes could be associated with nutrient and water availability, as has been demonstrated in other dryland environments. In some studies it has been argued that variation in species composition among vegetation profiles of tropical inselbergs is mainly conditioned by habitat structure and water deficit. However, it had not been discussed how the size of patches of vegetation has an effect on richness. SADs and SAR analyzes can provide complementary explanations on community assembly in inselbergs. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 937-951. Epub 2018 June 01.

ABSTRACT The Brazilian municipality of Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso State, represents an important visceral leishmaniasis (VL) endemic area. This study described epidemiological and clinical aspects of the occurrence, VL/HIV coinfection and lethality related to VL in Rondonópolis. Data from autochthonous cases reported between 2011 and 2016 were obtained from official information systems. During this period, 81 autochthonous cases were reported, with decreasing incidence through 2016. Contrastingly, the lethality rate was 8.6% overall, but varied widely, reaching a peak (20%) in 2016. Almost 10% of patients had VL/HIVcoinfection. The occurrence of VL prevailed among men (56.8%), brown-skinned (49.4%), urban residents (92.6%), aged 0-4 years (33.3%). Housewives or retired (29.6%) were the most affected occupational groups. Lower age was the main difference among the total VL cases and those who were coinfected or died. Clinically, fever, weakness and splenomegaly were more frequent among all VL cases and VL/HIV coinfected individuals. Bacterial infections (p=0.001) and bleeding (p<0.001) were associated with death due to VL. Pentavalent antimonial and liposomal amphotericin B were the first choices for treatment among all VL cases (71.6%) and those who died (71.4%), respectively. VL/HIV patients were equally treated with both drugs. These findings may support control measures and demonstrate the need for further investigations.

ABSTRACT The computation of phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic community structure demands an accurately calibrated, high-resolution phylogeny, which reflects current knowledge regarding diversification within the group of interest. Herein we present the angiosperm phylogeny R20160415.new, which is based on the topology proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV, a recently released compilation of angiosperm diversification. R20160415.new is calibratable by different sets of recently published estimates of mean node ages. Its application for the computation of phylogenetic diversity and/or phylogenetic community structure is straightforward and ensures the inclusion of up-to-date information in user specific applications, as long as users are familiar with the pitfalls of such hand-made supertrees.

ABSTRACT The Cerrado is the largest savanna of South America and its physiognomy varies from savanna to woodlands. There are two main types of woodlands in the Cerrado: dystrophic woodlands, dominated by N-fixing leguminous trees (LEG), and mesotrophic woodlands dominated by non-leguminous drought-tolerant trees (DRY), which are calcicoles and sensitive to Al3+. The working hypothesis is that LEG and DRY are functional antagonists in terms of the acidification/alkalization processes involving different forms of inorganic nitrogen and pH, Ca2+ and Al3+ in soil. Tree species basal area and soil properties were used to investigate the antagonism between LEG and DRY using generalized linear models. The results suggest that LEG and DRY are antagonists. The LEG were positively associated with Al3+, NO3- and NH4+ content and negatively related to increasing Ca2+ content, whereas the DRY were negatively associated with Al3+, NO3- and NH4+ and positively associated with increasing Ca2+ content. The upper soil layer in plots dominated by LEG species became more acidic and the upper soil layer in plots dominated by DRY species became more alkaline. The results suggest that LEG and DRY are functional antagonists and their preferences for NH4+ or NO3- might influence the way the Cerrado woodland changes.

RESUMO Segundo seus proprietários, a Floresta de Seu Nico (FSN), situada no Município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil, nunca sofreu corte raso, porém é considerada floresta primária. No entanto, o fragmento florestal sofreu impactos por extração seletiva de madeira e produtos não madeireiros, além de fragmentação e isolamento. O objetivo desse estudo foi testar se a FSN, apesar de impactos, preservou características de florestas primárias, que são porcentagens elevadas de espécies não pioneiras (>80%), espécies dispersas por animais (>90%), espécies de sub-bosque (> 50%) e espécies endêmicas (~40%). Para isso, todas as árvores com diâmetro à altura do peito igual ou superior a 3,2 cm, dentro de uma parcela de 100 x 100 m, foram identificadas. Com 218 espécies de árvores encontradas dentro da parcela, a riqueza de espécies da FSN é elevada na região. As porcentagens de espécies não pioneiras (92 %), dispersas por animais (85%), de sub-bosque (55%) e endêmicas (39,2%) da FSN cumprem os critérios propostos para florestas primárias. Porém, conclui-se que a FSN manteve suas características como floresta primária, que destaca a sua importância para a conservação dos recursos bióticos da região, onde fragmentos semelhantes estão faltando ou, ainda, não foram descritos.

According to its owners, the Forest of Seu Nico (FSN) from the Viçosa municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil, never has been logged and is therefore considered a primary forest. Nevertheless, the forest patch suffered impacts due to selective wood and non-timber extraction, fragmentation and isolation. Aim of this study was to test if the FSN, despite impacts, preserved characteristics of primary forests, which are elevated percentages of non-pioneer (>90%), animal-dispersed (>80 %), understory (>50%) and endemic species (~40%). For that, all trees with diameter at breast height equal or major than 3.2 cm within a plot of 100 x 100 m were identified. With 218 tree species found within this hectare, the FSN's species richness is outstanding for the region. The percentages of non-pioneer (92 %), animal-dispersed (85 %), understory (55 %) and endemic species (39.2 %) from the FSN fulfill the criteria proposed for primary forest. Therefore, we conclude that the FSN maintained its characteristics as a primary forest which highlights its importance for the conservation of biotic resources in the region, where similar fragments are lacking or not described yet.

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se determinar a diversidade florística e a estrutura fitossociológica da vegetação arbórea em gradiente topográfico de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Submontana (Mata do Mumbaça), município de Dionísio-MG (19º48'S e 42º31'W). Todos os indivíduos lenhosos com diâmetro ao nível do peito (1,3m) ≥ 10cm foram medidos em 1,2 ha distribuídos em 120 parcelas 10 × 10m de modo a contemplar quatro unidades topográficas (Rampa Baixa, Baixa Encosta, Alta Encosta e Topo). Foram amostrados 2990 indivíduos com um total de 132 espécies, pertencentes a 92 gêneros, representados em 38 famílias. As faixas Alta Encosta e Topo apresentaram maior número de indivíduos, 870 e 822, respectivamente. As faixas que apresentaram maiores valores de área basal foram Rampa Baixa 24,60 m²/ha-1 e Topo 19,36 m²/ha-1. Somente Casearia arborea e Anadenanthera peregrina estiveram presentes entre as dez espécies mais importantes nas quatro faixas, porém algumas espécies ocuparam posições de destaque nas diferentes áreas estudadas como Anadenanthera peregrina e Xylopia aromatica no Topo, Myrcia fallax e Dalbergia nigra na Alta Encosta, Tapirira guianensis e Hortia arborea na Baixa Encosta e Apuleia leiocarpa e Siparuna guianensis na Rampa Baixa.

This study aimed to determine the floristic diversity and phytossociological structure of trees in a topographic gradient of lower montane semideciduous forest (Mata do mumbaça), municipality of Dionísio-MG (19 º 48'S and 42 º 31'W). All woody individuals with diameter at breast height (1.3m) ≥ 10cm were measured on 1.2 ha distributed in 120 plots 10 × 10m in order to include four topographic units (Low Ramp, Lower Slope Upper Slope and top). It was sampled 2990 individuals with a total of 132 species belonging to 92 genera, represented in 38 families. The Upper Slope and the Top showed higher numbers of individuals, 870 and 822, respectively. The tracks with higher levels of basal area were Lower Slope 24, 60 m²/ha-1 and Top 19, 36 m²/ha-1. Only Casearia arborea and Anadenanthera peregrina were present among the ten most important species in the four tracks, but some species occupie prominent positions in the different areas studied as A. peregrina and Xylopia aromatica on Top, Myrcia fallax and Dalbergia nigra in the Upper Slope, Tapirira guianensis and Hortia arborea in Lower Slope and Apuleia leiocarpa and Siparuna guianensis in Low Ramp.