RESUMO Regiões com climas semiáridos apresentam condições ambientais que resultam em estresses abióticos às plantas. A maior área de produção de melão (Cucumis melo L.) do Brasil, o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, possui essas características climáticas. O uso de bioestimulantes nesses sistemas de produção pode mitigar os efeitos dos estresses abióticos e aumentar a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos. O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar as características fisiológicas e de produção do meloeiro, sob aplicação de bioestimulantes. Os bioestimulantes Acadian®, Folicist® e Nov@® foram aplicados e comparados ao tratamento controle (sem bioestimulantes), em melões ‘Goldex’ e ‘McLaren’. Nov@® proporcionou maior assimilação de CO2, transpiração e condutância estomática, assim como ascorbato peroxidase em ‘Goldex’ e ‘McLaren’. Maior catalase foi obtida pela aplicação de Nov@®, enquanto que o uso de Folicist® resultou em maior teor de malondialdeído. A cultivar McLaren apresentou o melhor desempenho fisiológico e bioquímico e a ‘Goldex’ o melhor rendimento. Folicist® promove adaptações fisiológicas aos estresses sem prejudicar a atividade fotossintética. Os bioestimulantes aumentaram a produtividade e o número de frutos por planta e promoveram adaptações fisiológicas às condições semiáridas. plantas Cucumis L. L Brasil Norte climáticas meloeiro Acadian Acadian® Folicist Nov Nov@ bioestimulantes, , bioestimulantes) ‘Goldex Goldex ‘McLaren. ‘McLaren . ‘McLaren’ CO2 CO estomática malondialdeído rendimento fotossintética semiáridas

ABSTRACT Regions with semi-arid climates have environmental conditions that result in abiotic stress to plants. The largest melon (Cucumis melo L.) production area in Brazil, the state of Rio Grande do Norte, has these climatic characteristics. Use of biostimulants in these production systems can mitigate effects of abiotic stress and increase yield and fruit quality. The objective in this study was to evaluate the physiological and production characteristics of melon, under the application of biostimulants. The biostimulants Acadian®, Folicist® and Nov@® were applied and compared to the control treatment (no biostimulants), in ‘Goldex’ and ‘McLaren’ melons. Nov@® led to higher CO2 assimilation, transpiration and stomatal conductance, as well as ascorbate peroxidase, in ‘Goldex’ and ‘McLaren’. Greater catalase was obtained with the application of Nov@®, while the use of Folicist® resulted in higher malondialdehyde content. The cultivar ‘McLaren’ exhibited the best physiological and biochemical performance, and ‘Goldex’ the best yield. Folicist® promotes physiological adaptations to stress without impairing photosynthetic activity. The biostimulants increased yield and number of fruits per plant and promoted physiological adaptations to semi-arid conditions. semiarid semi arid plants Cucumis L. L Brazil Norte quality Acadian Acadian® Folicist Nov Nov@ no biostimulants, , biostimulants) ‘Goldex Goldex ‘McLaren McLaren melons CO assimilation conductance peroxidase ‘McLaren. . content performance activity

Isoquinoline alkaloids, especially from the Annonaceae family, have shown biological potential against parasites. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of the alkaloid fractions of the plant Fusaea longifolia against Plasmodium falciparum and annotate the compounds present in these samples. The tentative characterization of the alkaloids from the leaves and branches of F. longifolia was performed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and molecular networks. Through manual interpretation of the MS/MS spectra, 18 alkaloids were dereplicated from F. longifolia, 17 of which were reported for the first time in this species. An unpublished putative glycosylated alkaloid was annotated by interpreting the fragmentation data profile. Regarding biological activity, the fractions studied showed high activity against P. falciparum with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.42 and 1.60 μg mL-1 for branches and from the leaves, respectively, both similar to the reference standard quinine (IC50 of 1.24 μg mL-1). The structures of the 17 alkaloids were subjected to in silico analysis using molecular docking against four enzymes related to anti-Plasmodium activity (wild type (dm-PfDHFR) and mutant type (qm-PfDHFR), dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PfPNP)). Molecular docking revealed strong interactions, especially between oxoxylopine 17 and hydroxycassythicine N-oxide 10, which may be potential new sources against P. falciparum. family parasites Thus samples F LCMS/MS LCMSMS LC MS (LC-MS/MS networks MSMS spectra 1 species profile P halfmaximal half maximal IC50 IC 242 2 42 2.4 160 60 1.6 mL1 mL mL- respectively (IC5 124 24 1.2 mL1. . mL-1) antiPlasmodium anti wild dmPfDHFR dm PfDHFR (dm-PfDHFR qmPfDHFR, qmPfDHFR qm , (qm-PfDHFR) PfDHODH (PfDHODH PfPNP. PfPNP (PfPNP)) interactions Noxide N oxide 10 LCMS IC5 4 2. 16 6 1. (IC 12 (qm-PfDHFR (PfPNP) (PfPNP

Resumo O milho (Zea mays L.) possui importância socioeconômica por constituir um dos alimentos básicos na nutrição humana e animal. Porém, o cereal é suscetível ao ataque de fungos produtores de micotoxinas que podem causar danos à saúde. Os métodos mais utilizados para detectar e quantificar micotoxinas são caros e demorados e métodos alternativos para a detecção das micotoxinas são uma necessidade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo com imagem hiperespectral (NIR-HSI) e análise multivariada de imagens para desenvolver um método rápido e preciso para quantificação de fumonisinas em grãos inteiros de seis cultivares de milho naturalmente contaminadas. Cinquenta e oito amostras, cada uma contendo 40 grãos, foram submetidas ao NIR-HSI e posteriormente divididas em um conjunto de calibração (38 amostras) e um conjunto de predição (20 amostras) com base nos dados multiespectrais obtidos. Os espectros médios foram submetidos a diversas técnicas de pré-processamento (variação normal padrão – SNV, primeira derivada ou segunda derivada). O melhor pré-processamento dos espectros foi SNV e um modelo de mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) foi desenvolvido para quantificar o teor de fumonisinas. O modelo final apresentou coeficiente de correlação (R2) de 0,98 e raiz quadrada do erro médio quadrático de calibração (RMSEC) de 508 µg.kg-1 para o conjunto de calibração, R2 de 0,95 e raiz quadrada do erro médio quadrático de predição (RMSEP) de 508 µg.kg-1 para o conjunto de validação do teste e relação desempenho/desvio de 4,7. Conclui-se que o NIR-HSI com regressão parcial de mínimos quadrados pode ser um método rápido, eficaz e não destrutivo para determinar o teor de fumonisinas em grãos integrais de milho. Zea L. L animal Porém saúde necessidade NIRHSI NIR HSI (NIR-HSI contaminadas amostras 4 38 (3 20 (2 obtidos préprocessamento pré processamento variação derivada. . derivada) PLS (PLS R (R2 098 0 98 0,9 RMSEC (RMSEC 50 µg.kg1 µgkg1 µgkg µg.kg 1 µg kg µg.kg- 095 95 RMSEP (RMSEP desempenhodesvio desempenho desvio 47 7 4,7 Concluise Conclui se 3 ( 2 (R 09 9 0, 5 kg1 4,

Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) is of socioeconomic importance as an essential food for human and animal nutrition. However, cereals are susceptible to attack by mycotoxin-producing fungi, which can damage health. The methods most commonly used to detect and quantify mycotoxins are expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, alternative non-destructive methods are required urgently. The present study aimed to use near-infrared spectroscopy with hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) and multivariate image analysis to develop a rapid and accurate method for quantifying fumonisins in whole grains of six naturally contaminated maize cultivars. Fifty-eight samples, each containing 40 grains, were subjected to NIR-HSI. These were subsequently divided into calibration (38 samples) and prediction sets (20 samples) based on the multispectral data obtained. The averaged spectra were subjected to various pre-processing techniques (standard normal variate (SNV), first derivative, or second derivative). The most effective pre-treatment performed on the spectra was SNV. Partial least squares (PLS) models were developed to quantify the fumonisin content. The final model presented a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.98 and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 508 µg.kg-1 for the calibration set, an R2 of 0.95 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 508 µg.kg-1 for the test validation set and a ratio of performance to deviation of 4.7. It was concluded that NIR-HSI with partial least square regression is a rapid, effective, and non-destructive method to determine the fumonisin content in whole maize grains. Zea L. L nutrition However mycotoxinproducing mycotoxin producing fungi health timeconsuming. timeconsuming time consuming. consuming time-consuming Therefore nondestructive non destructive urgently nearinfrared near infrared NIRHSI NIR HSI (NIR-HSI cultivars Fiftyeight Fifty eight samples 4 NIRHSI. HSI. 38 (3 20 (2 obtained preprocessing pre processing standard SNV, SNV , (SNV) derivative derivative. . derivative) pretreatment treatment PLS (PLS R (R2 098 0 98 0.9 RMSEC (RMSEC 50 µg.kg1 µgkg1 µgkg µg.kg 1 µg kg µg.kg- 095 95 RMSEP (RMSEP 47 7 4.7 3 ( 2 (SNV (R 09 9 0. 5 kg1 4.

Resumo Os trabalhos têm mostrado demanda crescente na busca de práticas para produção de mudas de espécies florestais, destacando tendências no aproveitamento de resíduos orgânicos, inoculação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) e adubação fosfatada. Objetivou-se por meio deste estudo avaliar o efeito de resíduos orgânicos, inoculação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) e fósforo no crescimento e qualidade de mudas de Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. Dois experimentos foram realizados independentes. Para o Experimento I, os tratamentos consistiram na inoculação com as espécies de FMA: controle (sem-inoculado), Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus heterosporum, Rhizophagus clarum e MIX (mistura das três espécies de FMA), todos associados a doses de fósforo (0, 60, 120, 180 e 240 mg kg-1 de solo). Para experimento II, os tratamentos consistiram em uma testemunha (sem FMA) e inoculação com Glomus clarum, Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora albida, Clareoideoglomus etunicatum e MIX (mistura das quatro espécies de FMA), associados a quatro substrato: S1) solo + areia grossa – SCS, S2) SCS + esterco de aves, S3) SCS + esterco bovino e S4) ECS + esterco ovino. Mudas de P. dubium apresentaram maior crescimento com a inoculação de R. heterosporum, R. clarum e MIX. As mudas responderam positivamente ao uso de resíduos orgânicos, principalmente esterco ovino, aumentando a produção de biomassa e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. Mudas de P. dubium se beneficiaram da inoculação com FMA, sendo que os inóculos R. heterosporum, R. clarum e MIX proporcionaram as melhores condições de crescimento. Mudas de P. dubium responderam expressivamente no crescimento e qualidade ao uso de resíduos orgânicos, principalmente ao esterco de galinha e bovino. florestais orgânicos FMA (FMA fosfatada Objetivouse Objetivou Spreng. Spreng (Spreng. Taub independentes I seminoculado, seminoculado sem inoculado , (sem-inoculado) heterosporum mistura 0, 0 (0 60 120 18 24 kg1 kg 1 kg- solo. . solo) II margarita albida substrato S1 S S2 aves S3 S4 ovino P R Dickson (Spreng (sem-inoculado ( 6 12 2

Abstract Studies have underscored a growingdemand for innovative practices in the cultivation of seedlings from forest species, with a notable emphasis on the utilization of organic waste, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and phosphate fertilization. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of organic residues, inoculation with AMF, and phosphorus on the growth and quality of Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. seedlings. Two independent experiments were conducted. In Experiment I, treatments included inoculation with various AMF species: control (without inoculation), Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus heterosporum, Rhizophagus clarum, and MIX (a combination of the three AMF species), all in conjunction with varying doses of phosphorus (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 mg kg-1 soil). In Experiment II, treatments comprised a control group (without AMF) and inoculation with Glomus clarum, Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora albida, Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, and MIX (a combination of the four AMF species), each associated with four substrates: S1) soil + coarse sand – SCS, S2) SCS + poultry manure, S3) SCS + cattle manure, and S4) SCS + sheep manure. Peltophorum dubium seedlings exhibited heightened growth with the inoculation of R. heterosporum, R. clarum, and MIX. Positive responses were observed in seedlings when exposed to organic residues, particularly sheep manure, resulting in increased biomass production and enhanced Dickson quality index. The AMF inoculation, specifically with R. heterosporum, R. clarum, and MIX, provided optimal growth conditions for P. dubium seedlings. Remarkably, the utilization of organic residues, notably substrates with chicken manure and cattle manure, exerted substantial positive effects on both growth and quality of P. dubium seedlings. species waste , (AMF) fertilization residues Spreng. Spreng (Spreng. Taub conducted I without inoculation) etunicatum heterosporum clarum species) 0, 0 (0 60 120 180 24 kg1 kg 1 kg- soil. . soil) II margarita albida S1 S S2 S3 S4 R index P Remarkably (AMF (Spreng ( 6 12 18 2

L-histidine was analyzed in this work as a corrosion inhibitor for AISI 1018 carbon steel in chloride solution, without (pH 7) and with carbon dioxide saturation (pH 4). Mass loss methods and electrochemical tests were used. In a medium with pH 4 saturated with CO2, the inhibition efficiency values (IE%) did not reach 34%. For the pH 7 condition, an inhibition efficiency of up to 89% was observed. The values corroborated with the quantum chemistry and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, showing that the histidine molecule is responsible for the excellent inhibition potential. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study and a thermogravimetric study (TGA) of the amino acid were also carried out. The substrate surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Lhistidine L 101 solution 4. . 4) used CO2 CO IE% IE (IE% 34 34% condition 89 observed DFT (DFT calculations potential FTIR (FTIR TGA (TGA out 10 (IE 3 8 1

Resumo O presente estudo buscou avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano e antiaderente do óleo essencial de Eucalipto radiata frente às cepas de veiculação alimentar de Escherichia coli. O estudo foi realizado usando a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). Além disso, a técnica de difusão em disco foi usada para avaliar a associação do óleo essencial de Eucalipto radiata com antimicrobianos sintéticos. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência (CIMA) também foi realizada. Os resultados revelaram que E. radiata apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra as cepas de E. coli testadas, com valores de CIM variando entre 500 μg/mL a 1000 μg/mL e valores de CBM variando entre 500 μg/mL a 1,024 μg/mL. Quanto às associações, observou-se que o óleo de E. radiata exibiu efeito sinérgico para alguns antibióticos, sobretudo a Ceftriaxona, apresentando maior interferência do óleo essencial. Além disso, foi eficaz na inibição a aderência das cepas bacterianas de E. coli, mostrando um efeito antibiofilme mais significativo que o agente antibacteriano digluconato de clorexidina a 0.12%. Em resumo, o óleo essencial de E. radiata apresentou potencial antimicrobiano contra cepas de E. coli de origem alimentar, podendo assim, mediante estudos aprofundados, ser utilizado isoladamente ou em associação com antimicrobianos sintéticos para combater infecções causadas por esse patógeno. (CIM CBM. . (CBM) disso CIMA (CIMA realizada E testadas 50 μgmL μg mL 100 1024 1 024 1,02 associações observouse observou se antibióticos Ceftriaxona 012 0 12 0.12% resumo assim aprofundados patógeno (CBM 5 10 102 02 1,0 01 0.12 1, 0.1 0.

Abstract The present study sought to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-adherent potential of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil against food-borne strains of Escherichia coli. The study was performed using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). In addition, the disk diffusion technique was used to evaluate the association of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil with synthetic antimicrobials. The Minimum Inhibitory Adherence Concentration (MIC) was also performed. The results revealed that E. radiata showed antimicrobial activity against the E. coli strains tested, with MIC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL and MBC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1,024 μg/mL. As for the associations, it was observed that E. radiata oil exhibited a synergistic effect for some antibiotics, especially Ceftriaxone, with greater interference from the essential oil. Furthermore, it was effective in inhibiting the adherence of bacterial strains of E. coli, showing a more significant antibiofilm effect than the antibacterial agent 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. In summary, the essential oil of E. radiata showed antimicrobial potential against strains of E. coli of food origin, and can therefore, through in-depth studies, be used alone or in association with synthetic antimicrobials to combat infections caused by this pathogen. antiadherent anti adherent foodborne borne (MIC MBC. . (MBC) addition E tested 50 μgmL μg mL 100 1024 1 024 1,02 associations antibiotics Ceftriaxone Furthermore 012 0 12 0.12 digluconate summary origin therefore indepth depth studies pathogen (MBC 5 10 102 02 1,0 01 0.1 1, 0.

Developing new non-noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an essential challenge in electrochemical device research. Among these, we highlight the metal Schiff-base complexes, which can be used as modified carbon paste electrodes (CPE). Herein, we present a facile one-pot method for preparing a new family of cobalt(II) complexes with Schiffbase ligands obtained from glycine and para-substituted aldehydes. Complexes were characterized by different techniques, and the effects of para-substituents on the electronic properties of the complexes were confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV was also used to evaluate the ORR behavior of metal complex-modified CPE in an alkaline medium. The three complex-modified CPE were found to be highly effective for ORR, and the electron-withdrawing character of para-substituent affects the electrochemical reactivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to complement the study and correlate the electrochemical activity, the redox potentials, and the Hammett parameter (σp) with the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) energy of the complexes. DFT data were also able to shed light on the likely ORR mechanism. In summary, electronic tuning of the ligand affects the electronic properties of the metal center and allows for systematic oxygen reduction-catalytic control. nonnoble non noble (ORR research these Schiff base CPE. . (CPE) Herein onepot one pot cobaltII cobalt II cobalt(II parasubstituted para substituted aldehydes techniques parasubstituents substituents ultravioletvisible ultraviolet visible CV. (CV) complexmodified complex medium electronwithdrawing electron withdrawing parasubstituent substituent reactivity (DFT activity potentials σp (σp SOMO (SOMO mechanism summary reductioncatalytic catalytic control (CPE (CV

ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized for the first time, using extracts from the leaf and peel of Plinia cauliflora (jabuticaba) fruit by varying the pH level of the reaction medium. The powders were obtained after calcination at 400 ºC and characterized by thermogravimetry (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the use of jabuticaba leaf extract favored the stabilization of nanoparticles, providing smaller crystallite sizes and lower crystallinity. Crystallite sizes smaller than 50 nm were obtained using the leaf extract with pH level adjusted to 7 and 10. The morphology was strongly affected by both the extracts and the pH levels of the medium, and showed a flower-like shape when using jabuticaba peel extract at pH 7. Thus, the use of Plinia cauliflora extract showed a promising potential for the production of ZnO nanoparticles with different morphologies. time (jabuticaba medium 40 TGA, TGA , (TGA) Xray X ray XRD, XRD (XRD) FTIR (FTIR SEM. SEM . (SEM) crystallinity 5 10 flowerlike flower like Thus morphologies 4 (TGA (XRD (SEM 1

Resumo Candida albicans é a principal espécie fúngica envolvida na candidíase bucal, e sua crescente resistência ao tratamento farmacológico encoraja a busca por melhores agentes antifúngicos. O óleo essencial da Lavandula dentata L. (LD-EO) tem sido reconhecido por sua atividade antimicrobiana, porém pouco se conhece o seu papel contra C. albicans bucal. Este trabalho avaliou as atividades antifúngica e antibiofilme, mecanismos de ação e toxicidade do LD-EO do Brasil contra cepas de C. albicans bucal. A atividade antifúngica foi avaliada baseando-se em: Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM), estudo de associação com o miconazol (método Checkerboard) e ensaios com sorbitol e ergosterol. A inibição da formação do biofilme e a ruptura do biofilme pré-formado foram considerados no estudo dos efeitos do produto. Adicionalmente, a toxicidade do LD-EO foi avaliada pelo ensaio de hemólise em eritrócitos humanos. A análise fitoquímica por cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa identificou eucaliptol (33.1%), cânfora (18.3%) e fenchona (15.6%) como constituintes majoritários. A substância teste revelou atividade principalmente fungicida (CIM100 = 8 μg/mL; CFM = 16 μg/mL), inclusive contra dois isolados de C. albicans resistentes ao miconazol. Os efeitos do LD-EO foram sinérgicos aos do miconazol e parecem não envolver danos à parede celular ou à membrana plasmática fúngica. Sua efetividade em inibir a formação do biofilme foi maior que o efeito de eliminação do biofilme pré-formado. Finalmente, o produto exerceu baixa atividade hemolítica na CIM. Considerando os resultados favoráveis e inéditos aqui descritos, o LD-EO poderia constituir uma alternativa terapêutica promissora para a candidíase bucal, incluindo casos resistentes ao miconazol. bucal antifúngicos L LDEO LD EO (LD-EO antimicrobiana C antibiofilme baseandose baseando CIM, CIM , (CIM) CFM, (CFM) método Checkerboard ergosterol préformado pré formado Adicionalmente humanos gasosaespectrometria gasosa espectrometria 33.1%, 331 33.1% 33 1 (33.1%) 18.3% 183 18 3 (18.3% 15.6% 156 15 6 (15.6% majoritários CIM100 (CIM10 μg/mL μgmL μg mL μg/mL, μg/mL) préformado. formado. Finalmente descritos (CIM (CFM 33.1 (33.1% 18.3 (18.3 15.6 (15.6 CIM10 (CIM1 33. (33.1 18. (18. 15. (15. CIM1 (33. (18 (15 (33 (1 (3 (

Abstract Candida albicans is the main fungal species involved in oral candidiasis, and its increasing resistance to pharmacological treatment encourages the search for improved antifungal agents. Lavandula dentata L. essential oil (LD-EO) has been recognized for its antimicrobial activity, but little is known about its role against oral C. albicans. This study evaluated the antifungal and antibiofilm activities, mechanisms of action, and toxicity of LD-EO from Brazil against oral strains of C. albicans. Antifungal activity was assessed based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), association study with miconazole (Checkerboard method), and sorbitol and ergosterol assays. Inhibition of biofilm formation and disruption of preformed biofilm were considered when studying the effects of the product. Additionally, the toxicity of LD-EO was evaluated by a hemolysis assay on human erythrocytes. Phytochemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified eucalyptol (33.1%), camphor (18.3%), and fenchone (15.6%) as major constituents. The test substance showed mainly fungicidal activity (MIC100 = 8 μg/mL; MFC = 16 μg/mL), including against two miconazole-resistant isolates of C. albicans. The effects of LD-EO were synergistic with those of miconazole and appeared not to involve damage to the fungal cell wall or plasma membrane. Its effectiveness in inhibiting biofilm formation was higher than the effect of disrupting preformed biofilm. Finally, the product exhibited low hemolytic activity at MIC. Based on the favorable and novel results described here, LD-EO could constitute a promising therapeutic alternative for oral candidiasis, including miconazole-resistant cases. candidiasis agents L LDEO LD EO (LD-EO C activities action MIC, MIC , (MIC) MFC, (MFC) Checkerboard method, method method) assays Additionally erythrocytes chromatographymass chromatography mass 33.1%, 331 33.1% 33 1 (33.1%) 18.3%, 183 18.3% 18 3 (18.3%) 15.6% 156 15 6 (15.6% constituents MIC100 (MIC10 μg/mL μgmL μg mL μg/mL, μg/mL) miconazoleresistant resistant membrane Finally here cases (MIC (MFC 33.1 (33.1% 18.3 (18.3% 15.6 (15.6 MIC10 (MIC1 33. (33.1 18. (18.3 15. (15. MIC1 (33. (18. (15 (33 (18 (1 (3 (

RESUMO Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth é uma espécie arbórea nativa da caatinga comumente utilizada em programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas. Um fator que pode afetar seu desenvolvimento é a falta de água. Assim, é fundamental buscar alternativas que aumentem a tolerâncias das plantas a falta d’água, desse modo uma dessas alternativas é o uso dos polímeros hidroabsorventes. Neste contexto, o objetivo foi avaliar doses do polímero hidrorretentor sob diferentes turnos de rega na produção de mudas de sabiá. O experimento foi conduzido no Viveiro Florestal da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, campus de Patos. As sementes foram semeadas em garrafas PET (Polietileno Tereftalato) de 2 litros cortadas ao meio, contendo os substratos solo e esterco bovino, na proporção 2:1. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo 04 doses do hidrogel (0, 1g, 2g e 3g por litro de substrato) e dois turnos de rega (irrigação diária). Ao término do experimento (75 dias) foi avaliado número de folhas, diâmetro do colo, altura de planta, crescimento do sistema radicular, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca do sistema radicular, teor relativo de água (TRA), teor de clorofila e trocas gasosas, além do Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Quase todas as vaiáveis não se deferiram estatisticamente, mas ao término do experimento, conclui-se que a dose 2g de hidrogel promove maiores incrementos na produção de mudas de sabia e ausência de hidrogel promove maior crescimento do sistema radicular independente do turno de rega. degradadas Assim dágua, dágua d água, d’água hidroabsorventes contexto sabiá Grande Patos Polietileno Tereftalato meio bovino 21. 21 1. 1 2:1 casualizado 0 0, (0 1g g substrato irrigação diária. diária . diária) 75 (7 dias folhas colo planta aérea TRA, TRA , (TRA) gasosas IQD. IQD (IQD) estatisticamente concluise conclui 2: ( 7 (TRA (IQD

ABSTRACT Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth is an arboreous species native to the Caatinga commonly utilized for restoration of degraded areas. One factor that can affect its development is water shortage. This denotes the importance of searching for alternatives for improving these plant's tolerance to water shortage, such as the use of water-absorbing polymers known as hydrogels. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the production of M. caesalpiniifolia seedlings under different hydrogel rates and water regimes. The experiment was conducted at the Forest Nursery of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brazil. Seeds were sown in 2-liter pots made from halved polyethylene terephthalate bottles, containing a substrate consisted of soil and cattle manure (2:1 v v-1). A completely randomized design with four replications was used, in a 4×2 factorial arrangement consisted of four hydrogel rates in the substrate (0, 1, 2, and 3 g L-1) and two water regimes (daily irrigation and irrigation every 2 days). The following parameters were evaluated at the end of the experiment (75 days after sowing): number of leaves per plant, stem base diameter, plant height, root length, shoot and root dry weights, water relative content, chlorophyll content, gas exchanges, and Dickson quality index. Most of parameters presented no statistically significant difference; however, the hydrogel rate of 2 g L-1 resulted in increased production of M. caesalpiniifolia seedlings, whereas the absence of hydrogel resulted in longer roots, regardless of the water regime. areas shortage plants s waterabsorbing absorbing hydrogels context M Grande Patos PB Brazil 2liter liter bottles 21 1 (2: v1. v1 . v-1) used 42 4 4× 0, 0 (0 L1 L daily days. days) 75 (7 sowing sowing) diameter height length weights content exchanges index difference however L- roots regime (2 v-1 ( 7 v-

Resumo O herbicida diclosulam + halauxifen parece ser uma alternativa para o controle de Conyza spp.; no entanto, o volume de pulverização pode resultar em diferentes efeitos de deposição do spray no alvo e, portanto, no controle. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de diferentes volumes de pulverização de diclosulam + halauxifen no controle e danos à superfície foliar de Conyza spp. O experimento foi conduzido a campo em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Diclosulam + halauxifen (23.52 g ia ha-1 + 6.32 g ea ha-1) foi aplicado em Conyza spp. em alturas médias maiores que 10 cm, seguido de aplicação sequencial de glufosinato de amônio (500 g ia ha-1) após 14 dias. Foram utilizados diferentes volumes de pulverização (200, 150, 100, 80 e 50 L ha-1). A porcentagem de cobertura de gotículas foi avaliada usando papel hidrossensível e analisada usando o software DropScan. Após 24 horas da aplicação inicial, as folhas foram coletadas para microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Embora os diferentes volumes de pulverização não tenham afetado o controle, foram observados efeitos de necrose mais rápidos em 150 e 200 L ha-1. Além disso, a densidade de tricomas e estômatos diminuiu em um volume de pulverização de 200 L ha-1, indicando maior dano inicial neste volume de pulverização. Assim, o aumento dos volumes de pulverização resulta em aumento da deposição de spray, danos às estruturas foliares e, consequentemente, aumento da velocidade de controle. spp entanto portanto Portanto repetições 23.52 2352 23 52 (23.5 ha1 ha 1 ha- 632 6 32 6.3 cm 500 (50 dias 200, (200 100 8 5 ha1. . DropScan 2 MEV. MEV (MEV) 15 20 1. disso ha1, 1, Assim consequentemente 23.5 235 (23. 63 3 6. (5 (20 (MEV 23. (23 ( (2

Abstract The herbicide mixture diclosulam + halauxifen appears to be an alternative for the control of Conyza spp.; however, the spray volume may result in different spray deposition effects on the target and, therefore, on the control. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different spray volumes of diclosulam + halauxifen on the control of and damage to the leaf surface of Conyza spp. The experiment was conducted in the field in a randomized block design with four replications. Diclosulam + halauxifen (23.52 g ai ha-1 + 6.32 g ae ha-1) was applied to Conyza spp. at average heights greater than 10 cm, followed by sequential application of glufosinate ammonium (500 g ai ha-1) after 14 days. Different spray volumes (200, 150, 100, 80 and 50 L ha-1) were used. The percentage of droplet coverage was evaluated using hydrosensitive paper and analyzed using DropScan software. After 24 hours of initial application, the leaves were collected for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Although the different spray volumes did not affect the control, faster necrosis effects were observed at 150 and 200 L ha-1. Moreover, the trichome and stomatal density decreased at a spray volume of 200 L ha-1, indicating greater initial damage at this spray volume. Thus, increased spray spray volumes result in increased spray spray deposition, damage to leaf structures and consequently increased control speed. spp however therefore Therefore replications 23.52 2352 23 52 (23.5 ha1 ha 1 ha- 632 6 32 6.3 cm 500 (50 days 200, (200 100 8 5 used software 2 SEM. SEM . (SEM) 15 20 ha1. 1. Moreover ha1, 1, Thus speed 23.5 235 (23. 63 3 6. (5 (20 (SEM 23. (23 ( (2

RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a composição e diversidade florística do banco de sementes e verificar o grau de similaridade dessa vegetação nas diferentes porções altitudinais (Base, Porção Mediana e Topo) do Inselbergue Espinho Branco no município de Patos-PB. Foram coletadas 47 amostras de serapilheira+solo na profundidade de 0-5 cm, distribuídas em 95 bandejas plásticas perfuradas, para permitir a drenagem do excesso de água de irrigação. Estas foram identificadas e distribuídas nas bancadas do ambiente sombreado do viveiro florestal do CSTR com fator de redução solar de 50%. As plantas emergidas foram classificadas pelo nome popular, agrupadas de acordo com a família, gênero, espécie e a forma de vida. A diversidade e a riqueza foram avaliadas utilizando o Índice de Shannon-Weaver e o Índice de equabilidade de Pielou, enquanto a similadaridade foi determinada pelo Índice de Jaccard. A composição florística das amostras coletadas apresentou 4.616 indivíduos distribuídos em 40 famílias, 96 gêneros e 111 espécies. A família Fabaceae apresentou o maior número de espécies, seguida pela Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae e Poaceae. A forma de vida predominante foi a herbácea. Em número de indivíduos, a família Cyperaceae, Onagraceae e Poaceae foram as mais representativas. Os índices de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver e de equabilidade de Pielou foram 2,92 e 0,62, respectivamente, e o Índice de Jaccard de 0,93, sendo a Base a porção com maior riqueza florística. Assim, este trabalho contribui com os estudos acerca da temática, representando um ganho para a sociedade e para a comunidade científica na promoção de pesquisas futuras. Base, (Base Topo PatosPB. PatosPB Patos PB. PB Patos-PB 4 serapilheirasolo serapilheira solo 05 0 5 0- cm 9 perfuradas irrigação 50 50% popular gênero ShannonWeaver Shannon Weaver 4616 616 4.61 famílias 11 espécies Euphorbiaceae herbácea Cyperaceae representativas 292 2 92 2,9 062 62 0,62 respectivamente 093 93 0,93 Assim temática futuras 461 61 4.6 1 29 2, 06 6 0,6 09 0,9 46 4. 0,

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the seed bank composition and floristic diversity, as well as the degree of vegetation similarity at different altitudes (base, middle, and top layers) of the Espinho Branco Inselberg, Patos, PB, Brazil. Forty-seven litterfall-soil samples (0-5 cm soil layer) were collected and placed on 95 perforated plastic trays to allow drainage of excess irrigation water. The trays were identified and distributed on benches in a shaded environment in the forest nursery at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UAEF/CSTR/UFCG), with a sunlight reduction factor of 50%. The emerged plants were classified by popular names, grouped according to family, genus, species, and plant type (herbaceous, sub-shrub, shrub, tree, and climber). Diversity and richness were evaluated using the Shannon-Weaver diversity and the Pielou equitability indices, and the similarity was determined using the Jaccard Index. The floristic composition of the collected samples showed 4,616 individuals from 40 families, 96 genera, and 111 species. The family Fabaceae had the highest number of species, followed by Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, and Poaceae. The predominant plant type was herbaceous. Cyperaceae, Onagraceae, and Poaceae were the most representative families in number of individuals. The Shannon-Weaver diversity and Pielou equitability indices were 2.92 and 0.62, respectively, and the Jaccard index was 0.93; the base layer had the greatest floristic richness. This work contributes with information to further researches on floristic diversity and richness and improves scientific studies in this field. base, (base middle layers Inselberg Patos PB Brazil Fortyseven Forty seven litterfallsoil litterfall 05 0 5 (0- 9 water UAEF/CSTR/UFCG, UAEFCSTRUFCG UAEF/CSTR/UFCG , UAEF CSTR UFCG (UAEF/CSTR/UFCG) 50 50% names genus species herbaceous, herbaceous (herbaceous subshrub, subshrub sub shrub sub-shrub tree climber. climber . climber) ShannonWeaver Shannon Weaver Index 4616 4 616 4,61 genera 11 Euphorbiaceae Malvaceae Cyperaceae Onagraceae 292 2 92 2.9 062 62 0.62 respectively 0.93 093 93 field (0 (UAEF/CSTR/UFCG 461 61 4,6 1 29 2. 06 6 0.6 0.9 09 ( 46 4, 0.

Penicillium meliponae, a recently described and rare species, was isolated as an endophytic fungus from the Amazonian plant Duguetia sthelechantha, and has been proven to be a pigment producer. Considering the high productivity of this species and the lack of data on its chemical composition, the present study aimed to characterize the chemical profile of P. meliponae and evaluate the influence of agitation and the use of different culture media. For this purpose, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and molecular networking were used, allowing the identification of 17 azaphilone molecules with sclerotiorin-like skeletons, becoming the first chemical report of this species. In addition, the different production patterns in the tested culture media were indicative that this species is sensitive to changes in the composition of the carbon source and to the presence of agitation. Furthermore, this work contributes to the fragmentation mechanisms of the different possible structural arrangements for azaphilones of the sclerotiorin type and serves as a repository of information on the gas-phase behavior of this type of metabolite in mass spectrometry experiments and will assist future studies aimed at the discovery of azaphilones. sthelechantha producer P purpose LCMS/MS LCMSMS LC MS/MS MS (LC-MS/MS used 1 sclerotiorinlike like skeletons addition Furthermore gasphase gas phase LCMS MSMS

Resumo Nos sistemas de cultivo que integram a cultura do milho, a inserção de Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don é predominantemente consorciada. Nesse contexto, há a necessidade de se observar herbicidas que apresentem seletividade para esta espécie de crotalária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas pré e pós-emergentes sobre C. ochroleuca. Dois experimentos de campo foram conduzidos em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, envolvendo a aplicação de diferentes tratamentos herbicidas em pré-emergência e pós-emergência. Para os pré-emergentes, amicarbazone, atrazina e flumioxazin proporcionaram fitotoxicidade superior a 90% e, consequentemente, baixa biomassa vegetal. Por outro lado, o acetocloro e o s-metolacloro não causaram fitotoxicidade e não afetaram a massa seca da crotalária. Em pós-emergência, atrazina + mesotrione apresentou fitotoxicidade >95%, seguido de nicosulfuron e 2,4-D com fitotoxicidade entre 50-60%, enquanto o tembrotrione não causou danos às plantas. Assim, verificou-se que entre os pré-emergentes, o acetocloro e o s-metolacloro foram seletivos, e para os pós emergentes, apenas o tembotrione foi o mais seletivo para todos os parâmetros analisados. milho G consorciada contexto crotalária pósemergentes emergentes C repetições préemergência emergência pósemergência. pósemergência emergência. pós-emergência préemergentes, préemergentes pré-emergentes amicarbazone 90 consequentemente vegetal lado smetolacloro s metolacloro pósemergência, emergência, 95 >95% 2,4D 24D D 2,4 2 4 5060%, 5060 50 60%, 60 50-60% plantas Assim verificouse verificou seletivos analisados 9 >95 4D 24 2, 5060% 506 5 60% 6 50-60 >9 50-6 > 50-

Abstract In the cropping systems that integrate the corn crop, the insertion of Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don is predominantly intercropped. In this context, there is a need to observe herbicides that present selectivity for this sunn hemp species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of pre and post-emergent herbicides on C. ochroleuca. Two field experiments were conducted in randomized blocks with four replications, involving the pre-emergence and post-emergence application of different herbicide treatments. For the pre-emergent ones, amicarbazone, atrazine and flumioxazin provided phytotoxicity higher than 90% and, consequently, low plant biomass. On the other hand, acetochlor and s-metolachlor did not cause phytotoxicity and did not affect the dry mass of crotalaria. In post-emergence, atrazine + mesotrione showed phytotoxicity >95%, followed by nicosulfuron and 2.4-D with phytotoxicity between 50-60%, whereas tembotrione did not cause injury to the plants. Thus, it was found that among the pre-emergent, acetochlor and s-metolachlor were selective, and for the emerging powders, only tembotrione was the most selective for all parameters analyzed. crop G intercropped context species postemergent post emergent C replications preemergence emergence postemergence treatments preemergent ones amicarbazone 90 consequently biomass hand smetolachlor s metolachlor crotalaria postemergence, emergence, 95 >95% 2.4D 24D D 2.4 2 4 5060%, 5060 50 60%, 60 50-60% plants Thus preemergent, emergent, powders analyzed 9 >95 4D 24 2. 5060% 506 5 60% 6 50-60 >9 50-6 > 50-

AISI 6160 steel is used to manufacture cutting blades and springs due to its high tensile strength and good ductility. However, it has low mechanical strength and low wear resistance. In this work, a duplex treatment consisting of CCPD followed by PN was performed to improve the surface properties of the steel. In addition, XRD, optical microscopy, microhardness, and sphere-disk tribological analysis were used to verify the surface changes of the samples. The results showed a significant improvement in surface hardness and better wear resistance of AISI 6160 Steel submitted to Duplex treatment. The sample submitted to the CCPD treatment for 4 hours and, after nitriding at 500 °C for 2 hours, presented higher surface hardness and wear resistance than the sample only subjected to plasma deposition, characterizing the efficiency of the use of the duplex treatment adopted in the present work. 616 ductility However work addition XRD microscopy microhardness spheredisk sphere disk samples 50 C deposition 61 5 6