Abstract Objective To relate sociodemographic, economic and clinical variables and having or not having a caregiver, risk for falls and perception of the risk for falls with the functional capacity of older adults in an Emergency Department. Methods Analytical cross-sectional study of 197 older adults conducted in the Emergency Department between September 2019 and March 2020. A questionnaire with sociodemographic, economic and clinical information was applied, as well as the instruments: Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire, Morse Falls Scale, Katz Index and Lawton Scale. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the Katz Index and the Lawton Scale, and the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to associate the Morse Falls Scale with continuous variables. The Mann-Whitney test and the Kruskal Wallis test were used to associate the Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire with the categorical variables. Results Illiterate patients (p<0.0001) with lower income (p=0.0446) had a lower score on the Katz Index, that is, they presented a higher percentage of totally dependent people. Divorced older adults (p=0.0004) without a caregiver (p<0.0001) had a higher score on the Lawton Scale, that is, a greater degree of independence. The greater perception of risk for falls (p=0.0403) was associated with less independence for instrumental activities of daily living. The low risk for falls (p<0.0001) was associated with greater independence for instrumental activities of daily living. There was no association between perceived risk for falls (p=0.2693) and risk for falls (p=0.4984) with the Katz Index. Conclusion Lower education and income were associated with dependence for activities of daily living. Being divorced and not having a caregiver were associated with independence in instrumental activities of daily living. There was no association between the perception of risk for falls and the risk for falls with activities of daily living. The greater perception of risk for falls was associated with less independence, and the low risk for falls was associated with greater independence for instrumental activities of daily living. sociodemographic crosssectional cross sectional 19 201 2020 applied instruments MannWhitney Mann Whitney p<0.0001 p00001 p 0 0001 (p<0.0001 p=0.0446 p00446 0446 (p=0.0446 is people p=0.0004 p00004 0004 (p=0.0004 p=0.0403 p00403 0403 (p=0.0403 living p=0.2693 p02693 2693 (p=0.2693 p=0.4984 p04984 4984 (p=0.4984 1 20 202 p<0.000 p0000 000 (p<0.000 p=0.044 p0044 044 (p=0.044 p=0.000 (p=0.000 p=0.040 p0040 040 (p=0.040 p=0.269 p0269 269 (p=0.269 p=0.498 p0498 498 (p=0.498 2 p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 p=0.04 p004 04 (p=0.04 p=0.00 (p=0.00 p=0.26 p026 26 (p=0.26 p=0.49 p049 49 (p=0.49 p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 p=0.0 (p=0.0 p=0.2 p02 (p=0.2 p=0.4 p04 4 (p=0.4 p<0. p0 (p<0. p=0. (p=0. p<0 (p<0 p=0 (p=0 p< (p< p= (p= (p

Resumen Objetivo Relacionar variables sociodemográficas, económicas, clínicas y tener o no tener cuidador, riesgo de caída y percepción del riesgo de caída con la capacidad funcional de personas mayores en un servicio de emergencia. Métodos Estudio transversal y analítico, realizado entre septiembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020 en un servicio de emergencia con 197 personas mayores. Se aplicó un cuestionario con información sociodemográfica, económica y clínica; y se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire, Morse Falls Scale, Índice de Katz y Escala de Lawton. Para comparar el Índice de Katz y la Escala de Lawton se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal Wallis, y para asociar la Morse Falls Scale con las variables continuas se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Para asociar el Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire con las variables categóricas se utilizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney y la prueba de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados Las personas no letradas (p<0,0001) y con menores ingresos (p=0,0446) tuvieron un puntaje menor en el Índice de Katz, es decir, presentaron un mayor porcentaje de totalmente dependientes. Los divorciados (p=0,0004) y sin cuidador (p<0,0001) presentaron mayor puntaje en la Escala de Lawton, es decir, mayor nivel de independencia. Una mayor percepción de los riesgos de caída (p=0,0403) se asoció a una menor independencia para las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria. El bajo riesgo de caída (p<0,0001) se asoció a una mayor independencia para las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria. No hubo asociación entre percepción del riesgo de caída (p=0,2693) y riesgo de caída (p=0,4984) con el Índice de Katz. Conclusión Una menor escolaridad y menores ingresos se asociaron con la dependencia para actividades de la vida diaria. Ser divorciado y no tener cuidador se asoció con la independencia para actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria. No hubo asociación entre la percepción del riesgo de caída y el riesgo de caída con las actividades de la vida diaria. Una mayor percepción de los riesgos de caída se asoció a una menor independencia y el bajo riesgo de caída se asoció a una mayor independencia para las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria. sociodemográficas económicas analítico 201 202 19 sociodemográfica clínica instrumentos Wallis Spearman MannWhitney Mann Whitney p<0,0001 p00001 p 0 0001 (p<0,0001 p=0,0446 p00446 0446 (p=0,0446 decir dependientes p=0,0004 p00004 0004 (p=0,0004 p=0,0403 p00403 0403 (p=0,0403 diaria p=0,2693 p02693 2693 (p=0,2693 p=0,4984 p04984 4984 (p=0,4984 20 1 p<0,000 p0000 000 (p<0,000 p=0,044 p0044 044 (p=0,044 p=0,000 (p=0,000 p=0,040 p0040 040 (p=0,040 p=0,269 p0269 269 (p=0,269 p=0,498 p0498 498 (p=0,498 2 p<0,00 p000 00 (p<0,00 p=0,04 p004 04 (p=0,04 p=0,00 (p=0,00 p=0,26 p026 26 (p=0,26 p=0,49 p049 49 (p=0,49 p<0,0 p00 (p<0,0 p=0,0 (p=0,0 p=0,2 p02 (p=0,2 p=0,4 p04 4 (p=0,4 p<0, p0 (p<0, p=0, (p=0, p<0 (p<0 p=0 (p=0 p< (p< p= (p= (p

Resumo Objetivo Relacionar variáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas, clínicas e ter ou não cuidador, risco de queda e percepção do risco de quedas com a capacidade funcional em pessoas idosas em um Serviço de Emergência. Métodos Estudo transversal e analítico, realizado entre setembro de 2019 e março de 2020, no Serviço de Emergência, com 197 pessoas idosas. Foi aplicado questionário com informações sociodemográficas, econômicas e clínicas; e os instrumentos: Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire, Morse Falls Scale, Índice de Katz e Escala de Lawton. Para comparar o Índice de Katz e a Escala de Lawton; e associar a Morse Falls Scale com as variáveis contínuas foram utilizados, respectivamente, o teste de Kruskal Wallis e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Para associar Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire com as variáveis categóricas utilizou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney e o teste de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados Os nãos letrados (p<0,0001) e com menor renda (p=0,0446) tiveram menor escore no Índice de Katz, isto é, apresentaram maior percentual de totalmente dependentes. Os divorciados (p=0,0004) e sem cuidador (p<0,0001) apresentaram maior escore na Escala de Lawton, ou seja, maior grau de independência. A maior percepção dos riscos de queda (p=0,0403) associou-se à menor independência para as atividades instrumentais de vida diária. O risco baixo de quedas (p<0,0001) associou-se à maior independência para as atividades instrumentais de vida diária. Não houve associação entre percepção do risco de queda (p=0,2693) e risco de queda (p=0,4984) com o Índice de Katz. Conclusão A menor escolaridade e renda associaram-se com a dependência para atividades de vida diária. Ser divorciado e não ter cuidador associaram-se com a independência para atividades instrumentais de vida diária. Não houve associação entre a percepção do risco de queda e o risco de queda com as atividades de vida diária. A maior percepção dos riscos de queda associou-se à menor independência e o risco baixo de quedas associou-se à maior independência para as atividades instrumentais de vida diária. sociodemográficas Emergência analítico 201 2020 19 instrumentos Lawton utilizados respectivamente Spearman utilizouse utilizou se MannWhitney Mann Whitney p<0,0001 p00001 p 0 0001 (p<0,0001 p=0,0446 p00446 0446 (p=0,0446 é dependentes p=0,0004 p00004 0004 (p=0,0004 seja p=0,0403 p00403 0403 (p=0,0403 associouse associou diária p=0,2693 p02693 2693 (p=0,2693 p=0,4984 p04984 4984 (p=0,4984 associaramse associaram 20 202 1 p<0,000 p0000 000 (p<0,000 p=0,044 p0044 044 (p=0,044 p=0,000 (p=0,000 p=0,040 p0040 040 (p=0,040 p=0,269 p0269 269 (p=0,269 p=0,498 p0498 498 (p=0,498 2 p<0,00 p000 00 (p<0,00 p=0,04 p004 04 (p=0,04 p=0,00 (p=0,00 p=0,26 p026 26 (p=0,26 p=0,49 p049 49 (p=0,49 p<0,0 p00 (p<0,0 p=0,0 (p=0,0 p=0,2 p02 (p=0,2 p=0,4 p04 4 (p=0,4 p<0, p0 (p<0, p=0, (p=0, p<0 (p<0 p=0 (p=0 p< (p< p= (p= (p

Abstract Objective To develop the second evidence-based Brazilian Society of Rheumatology consensus for diagnosis and treatment of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Two methodologists and 20 rheumatologists from Lupus Comittee of Brazilian Society of Rheumatology participate in the development of this guideline. Fourteen PICO questions were defined and a systematic review was performed. Eligible randomized controlled trials were analyzed regarding complete renal remission, partial renal remission, serum creatinine, proteinuria, serum creatinine doubling, progression to end-stage renal disease, renal relapse, and severe adverse events (infections and mortality). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to develop these recommendations. Recommendations required ≥82% of agreement among the voting members and were classified as strongly in favor, weakly in favor, conditional, weakly against or strongly against a particular intervention. Other aspects of LN management (diagnosis, general principles of treatment, treatment of comorbidities and refractory cases) were evaluated through literature review and expert opinion. Results All SLE patients should undergo creatinine and urinalysis tests to assess renal involvement. Kidney biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosing LN but, if it is not available or there is a contraindication to the procedure, therapeutic decisions should be based on clinical and laboratory parameters. Fourteen recommendations were developed. Target Renal response (TRR) was defined as improvement or maintenance of renal function (±10% at baseline of treatment) combined with a decrease in 24-h proteinuria or 24-h UPCR of 25% at 3 months, a decrease of 50% at 6 months, and proteinuria < 0.8 g/24 h at 12 months. Hydroxychloroquine should be prescribed to all SLE patients, except in cases of contraindication. Glucocorticoids should be used at the lowest dose and for the minimal necessary period. In class III or IV (±V), mycophenolate (MMF), cyclophosphamide, MMF plus tacrolimus (TAC), MMF plus belimumab or TAC can be used as induction therapy. For maintenance therapy, MMF or azathioprine (AZA) are the first choice and TAC or cyclosporin or leflunomide can be used in patients who cannot use MMF or AZA. Rituximab can be prescribed in cases of refractory disease. In cases of failure in achieving TRR, it is important to assess adherence, immunosuppressant dosage, adjuvant therapy, comorbidities, and consider biopsy/rebiopsy. Conclusion This consensus provides evidence-based data to guide LN diagnosis and treatment, supporting the development of public and supplementary health policies in Brazil. evidencebased evidence LN. . (LN) 2 guideline performed remission doubling endstage end stage disease relapse infections mortality. mortality mortality) Assessment GRADE (GRADE 82 ≥82 favor conditional intervention diagnosis, (diagnosis opinion involvement but procedure parameters developed TRR (TRR ±10% 10 (±10 24h 24 25 months 50 08 0 8 0. g24 g g/2 1 period ±V, V ±V , (±V) MMF, (MMF) cyclophosphamide TAC, (TAC) therapy AZA (AZA adherence dosage biopsyrebiopsy rebiopsy biopsy/rebiopsy Brazil (LN ≥8 ±10 (±1 5 g2 g/ (±V (MMF (TAC ≥ ±1 (± ± (

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the relationship between microcephaly and social inequality indicators in the state of Paraíba during the biennium January 2015 and December 2016. Methods Ecological study with data from newborn microcephaly records and municipal socioeconomic, environmental, and demographic indicators was conducted using two health information systems from the Brazilian Ministry of Health (SINASC and SINAN) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. A Poisson multiple regression model was applied with a significance level of 5%. Results Among 223 municipalities in Paraíba, 74 registered new cases of microcephaly. The number of Zika virus cases, number of inhabitants, number of households without adequate water supply, and household income were predictor variables of the number of new cases of microcephaly in Paraíba. Conclusion Microcephaly is associated with indicators of social inequality in Paraíba. Zika virus cases, water supply, and family income are the indicators that best explain the increase in microcephaly cases. Therefore, these variables must be monitored by health professionals and authorities. 201 2016 socioeconomic environmental SINASC SINAN Statistics 5 5% 22 7 inhabitants supply Therefore authorities 20 2

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the spatial pattern of natural infection index (NII) for triatomines and the risk of Chagas disease transmission in an endemic area of Northeastern Brazil. An ecological study was conducted, based on 184 municipalities in five mesoregions. The NII for triatomines was evaluated in the Pernambuco State, Brazil, from 2016 to 2018. Spatial autocorrelations were evaluated using Global Moran Index (I) and Local Moran Index (II) and were considered positive when I > 0 and p < 0.05, respectively. In total, 7,302 triatomines belonging to seven different species were detected. Triatoma brasiliensis had the highest frequency (53%; n = 3,844), followed by Triatoma pseudomaculata (25%; n = 1,828) and Panstrongylus lutzi (18.5%; n=1,366). The overall NII was 12%, and the higher NII values were P. lutzi (21%) and Panstrongylus megistus (18%). In the mesoregions of Zona da Mata, Agreste, Sertao, and Sertao do Sao Francisco, 93% of triatomines were detected indoors. The global spatial autocorrelation of I to NII was positive (0.2; p = 0.01), and II values calculated using BoxMap, MoranMap, Lisa Cluster Map were statistically significant for natural infections. With regard to the risk areas for the presence of triatomines, Zone 2 (the Agreste and Sertao regions) presented a relative risk of 3.65 compared to other areas in the state. Our study shows the potential areas of vector transmission of Chagas disease. In this study, the application of different methods of spatial analysis made it possible to locate these areas, which would not have been identified by only applying epidemiological indicators. (NII Brazil conducted 18 State 201 2018 (I (II 005 05 0.05 respectively total 7302 7 302 7,30 53% 53 (53% 3,844, 3844 3,844 , 3 844 3,844) 25% 25 (25% 1,828 1828 1 828 18.5% 185 5 (18.5% n=1,366. n1366 n=1,366 . 366 n=1,366) 12 12% P 21% 21 (21% 18%. 18% (18%) Mata Francisco 93 indoors 0.2 02 (0.2 0.01, 001 0.01 01 0.01) BoxMap MoranMap infections regions 365 65 3.6 state indicators 20 00 0.0 730 30 7,3 (53 384 3,84 84 (25 1,82 182 82 18.5 (18.5 n136 n=1,36 36 (21 (18% 9 0. (0. 6 3. 73 7, (5 38 3,8 8 (2 1,8 18. (18. n13 n=1,3 (18 (0 ( 3, 1, n1 n=1, (1 n=1 n=

Abstract The hybrids are responsive to phosphorus application, have high use efficiency and can produce high mean yields in environments with low and high phosphorus. The mean PE of these hybrids is high, therefore they are recommended for cultivation in the North and Northwest regions of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. application State Brazil

RESUMO: O transtorno de acumulação de animais, principalmente de cães e gatos, é uma questão complexa que ocorre em quase todas as comunidades, sendo necessário o levantamento de dados que contribuam para a compreensão da leptospirose dentro da iniciativa Saúde Única. Com o objetivo de determinar a soroprevalência deLeptospirasp. em cães e gatos provenientes de acumuladores de animais foram utilizados 71 cães e 39 gatos de 33 acumuladores do município de Patos, estado da Paraíba, semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro, utilizando-se o teste de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) como teste de diagnóstico. Trinta e oito animais (34,5%; IC 95% = 25,7 - 43,4%) foram sororreativos, sendo 46,5% em cães e 12,8% em gatos (P < 0,01), com maior frequência do sorogrupo Icterohaemorrhagiae em ambas as espécies. A alta soroprevalência encontrada sugere a necessidade de políticas públicas para esta população vulnerável no sentido de prevenir a transmissão de zoonoses.

ABSTRACT: Animal hoarding disorder, especially dogs and cats, is a complex issue that occurs in almost all communities, and it is necessary to collect data that contribute to the understanding of leptospirosis within the One Health initiative. In order to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospirasp., 71 dogs and 39 cats from 33 people with animal hoarding profile in the municipality of Patos, state of Paraíba, semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil were evaluated by using the microscopic serum agglutination test (MAT) as diagnostic test. Thirty-eight animals (34.5%; 95% CI = 25.7 - 43.4%) were seroreactive, with 46.5% in dogs and 12.8% in cats (P < 0.01), with the highest frequency of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup in both species. The high seroprevalence reported suggests the need for public policies for this vulnerable population in order to prevent the transmission of zoonoses.

Abstract Objective: To provide guidelines on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRD) to rheumatologists considering specific scenarios of the daily practice based on the shared-making decision (SMD) process. Methods: A task force was constituted by 24 rheumatologists (panel members), with clinical and research expertise in immunizations and infectious diseases in immunocompromised patients, endorsed by the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (BSR), to develop guidelines for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with IMRD. A consensus was built through the Delphi method and involved four rounds of anonymous voting, where five options were used to determine the level of agreement (LOA), based on the Likert Scale: (1) strongly disagree; (2) disagree, (3) neither agree nor disagree (neutral); (4) agree; and (5) strongly agree. Nineteen questions were addressed and discussed via teleconference to formulate the answers. In order to identify the relevant data on COVID-19 vaccines, a search with standardized descriptors and synonyms was performed on September 10th, 2021, of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and LILACS to identify studies of interest. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to assess the quality of nonrandomized studies. Results: All the nineteen questions-answers (Q&A) were approved by the BSR Task Force with more than 80% of panelists voting options 4—agree—and 5—strongly agree—, and a consensus was reached. These Guidelines were focused in SMD on the most appropriate timing for IMRD patients to get vaccinated to reach the adequate covid-19 vaccination response. Conclusion: These guidelines were developed by a BSR Task Force with a high LOA among panelists, based on the literature review of published studies and expert opinion for COVID-19 vaccination in IMRD patients. Noteworthy, in the pandemic period, up to the time of the review and the consensus process for this document, high-quality evidence was scarce. Thus, it is not a substitute for clinical judgment.

ABSTRACT Chagas disease is among the 21 neglected diseases according to the World Health Organization. This study aimed to investigate the morbidity and mortality distribution of Chagas disease for identifying areas with greater prevalences and deaths of the disease in Northeast Brazil. A population-based ecological study was performed from 2016 to 2018 using data on acute Chagas disease patients from the Disease Notification Information System, chronic cases from the Chagas Disease and the referral Heart Failure Outpatient Clinic in Pernambuco, and Chagas disease-related mortality from the Mortality Information System. The unit of analysis were Pernambuco State mesoregions. The indicators were spatialized into thematic maps on the occurrence and mortality of the disease per 100,000 inhabitants. No cases of acute disease were reported in the period analyzed. Data on 801 chronic Chagas disease patients were analyzed. The population showed an average age of 62 years, with female predominance. The most prevalent comorbidity was systemic arterial hypertension and cardiologic involvement without ventricular dysfunction. The average chronic disease occurrence rate was 3.2/ 100,000 people/ year. As for deaths in the mortality system; in total, 350 deaths were recorded, showing male predominance, age ≥ 60 years, and chronic disease with cardiac involvement as the main mortality cause. The annual average mortality proportion was 1.6/100,000 people. The chronic case distribution showed spatial heterogeneity, with the highest rates of chronic disease and deaths observed in two mesoregions, with the main cause of death being heart-related. This highlights the need for more specialized services in areas with higher burden of the disease to avoid delay in the patients’ care.

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil da produção científica na literatura mundial sobre a consciência fonológica em crianças bilíngues, no período de 2011 a 2020. Métodos: foi realizada uma análise bibliométrica por meio da busca de artigos nas bases de dados Eric, Lilacs, Medline e Scielo, utilizando descritores em inglês. A seleção dos artigos foi realizada a partir de critérios de elegibilidade, por meio da leitura dos títulos, seguida da leitura dos abstracts e, por fim, pela leitura dos artigos completos. Resultados: foram analisados 1.167 artigos, sendo excluídos 1.152 por não cumprirem os critérios de inclusão e, ao final, selecionados 15 artigos para leitura do texto completo e análise bibliométrica. O país com maior número de publicações encontradas foi os Estados Unidos, seguido do Brasil, Singapura e China. A abordagem dos estudos foi predominantemente quantitativa, seguida da qualitativa; o tipo de estudo mais encontrado foi transversal, com amostras acima de 100 participantes. Conclusão: constatou-se maior número de publicações nos últimos três anos, em sua maioria de delineamento transversal, com melhor desempenho da consciência fonológica para os bilíngues, com repercussão positiva na leitura.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to characterize the profile of scientific production in the international literature on phonological awareness in bilingual children between 2011 and 2020. Methods: a bibliometric analysis was made with the search for articles in ERIC, LILACS, MEDLINE, and SciELO databases, using descriptors in English. The articles were selected based on the eligibility criteria, by reading the titles, then reading the abstracts, and lastly, reading the full-text articles. Results: a total of 1,167 articles were analyzed, 1,152 of which were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. Hence, 15 articles were selected for full-text reading and bibliometric analysis. The United States was the country with most publications, followed by Brazil, Singapore, and China. The approach of the studies was predominantly quantitative, followed by qualitative; the most common type of study was cross-sectional, with samples of more than 100 participants. Conclusion: there was a greater number of publications in the last 3 years, most of them cross-sectional ones, presenting better phonological awareness performance among bilinguals, with positive results in reading.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade da identificação de triatomíneos na rede de laboratórios do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Métodos: Os nove laboratórios participantes receberam material de apoio com as chaves dicotômicas e um painel composto por sete insetos triatomíneos conhecidos no estado, para identificação da situação do espécime no recebimento (estrutura completa ou danificada), espécie e sexo. Resultados: Nove laboratórios de 12 aderiram ao estudo. A proporção de acerto para identificação do sexo foi de 56/63, e para espécie, 45/63, não apresentando relação direta com a ocorrência de danos nas estruturas morfológicas durante o transporte dos insetos. Para Panstrongylus megistus, houve acerto em todos os espécimes (9/9), enquanto para espécies do gênero Rhodnius a proporção foi menor (3/9). Conclusão: Apesar do bom desempenho na identificação entomológica, as fragilidades observadas poderão orientar ações para melhoria na rede de laboratórios e serão essenciais para os programas de controle vetorial da doença de Chagas.

Abstract Objective: To assess the quality of triatomine identification in the laboratory network of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Methods: The participating laboratories received support material with dichotomous keys and a panel made up of seven triatomine insects known in the Pernambuco, in order to identify specimen status on receipt (intact or damaged structure), as well as species and sex. Results: Nine out of 12 laboratories took part of the study. The proportion of correct answers was 56/63 for sex identification, and 45/63, for species. The answers did not present a direct relationship with occurrence of damage to morphological structures during insect transportation. Panstrongylus megistus identification was correct for all specimens (9/9 laboratories), while correct identification of species of the Rhodnius genus was the lowest (3/9 laboratories). Conclusion: Despite the good performance in entomological identification, the weaknesses observed may guide improvements in the laboratory network and will be essential for Chagas disease vector control programs.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la identificación de triatominos en la red de laboratorios del estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Métodos: Los nueve laboratorios participantes recibieron material de apoyo con claves dicotómicas y un panel conformado por siete insectos triatominos conocidas en el estado, para identificar la situación del espécimen al recibirlo (estructura completa o dañada), especie y sexo. Resultados: La adherencia al laboratorio fue del 9/12. La proporción de aciertos para la identificación del sexo fue del 56/63, y para las especies 45/63, no mostraron relación directa con la ocurrencia de daños en las estructuras morfológicas durante el transporte de insectos. Solo Panstrongylus megistus logró el 9/9 de precisión, mientras que para las especies del género Rhodnius fue el más pequeño (3/9). Conclusión: A pesar del buen desempeño en identificación entomológica, la evaluación indicó debilidades que permitirán implementar acciones correctivas para mejorar la red de laboratorios, esenciales para los programas de control vectorial de la enfermedad de Chagas.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade da identificação de triatomíneos na rede de laboratórios do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Métodos: Os nove laboratórios participantes receberam material de apoio com as chaves dicotômicas e um painel composto por sete insetos triatomíneos conhecidos no estado, para identificação da situação do espécime no recebimento (estrutura completa ou danificada), espécie e sexo. Resultados: Nove laboratórios de 12 aderiram ao estudo. A proporção de acerto para identificação do sexo foi de 56/63, e para espécie, 45/63, não apresentando relação direta com a ocorrência de danos nas estruturas morfológicas durante o transporte dos insetos. Para Panstrongylus megistus, houve acerto em todos os espécimes (9/9), enquanto para espécies do gênero Rhodnius a proporção foi menor (3/9). Conclusão: Apesar do bom desempenho na identificação entomológica, as fragilidades observadas poderão orientar ações para melhoria na rede de laboratórios e serão essenciais para os programas de controle vetorial da doença de Chagas.

Abstract Objective: To assess the quality of triatomine identification in the laboratory network of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Methods: The participating laboratories received support material with dichotomous keys and a panel made up of seven triatomine insects known in the Pernambuco, in order to identify specimen status on receipt (intact or damaged structure), as well as species and sex. Results: Nine out of 12 laboratories took part of the study. The proportion of correct answers was 56/63 for sex identification, and 45/63, for species. The answers did not present a direct relationship with occurrence of damage to morphological structures during insect transportation. Panstrongylus megistus identification was correct for all specimens (9/9 laboratories), while correct identification of species of the Rhodnius genus was the lowest (3/9 laboratories). Conclusion: Despite the good performance in entomological identification, the weaknesses observed may guide improvements in the laboratory network and will be essential for Chagas disease vector control programs.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la identificación de triatominos en la red de laboratorios del estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Métodos: Los nueve laboratorios participantes recibieron material de apoyo con claves dicotómicas y un panel conformado por siete insectos triatominos conocidas en el estado, para identificar la situación del espécimen al recibirlo (estructura completa o dañada), especie y sexo. Resultados: La adherencia al laboratorio fue del 9/12. La proporción de aciertos para la identificación del sexo fue del 56/63, y para las especies 45/63, no mostraron relación directa con la ocurrencia de daños en las estructuras morfológicas durante el transporte de insectos. Solo Panstrongylus megistus logró el 9/9 de precisión, mientras que para las especies del género Rhodnius fue el más pequeño (3/9). Conclusión: A pesar del buen desempeño en identificación entomológica, la evaluación indicó debilidades que permitirán implementar acciones correctivas para mejorar la red de laboratorios, esenciales para los programas de control vectorial de la enfermedad de Chagas.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Electron microscopy (EM) is a rapid and effective tool that can be used to create images of a whole spectrum of virus-host interactions and, as such, has long been used in the discovery and description of viral mechanisms. METHODS: Electron microscopy was used to evaluate the pulmonary pathologies of postmortem lung sections from three patients who died from infection with SARS-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new member of the Coronaviridae family. RESULTS: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was predominant in all three patients. The early exudative stage was characterized principally by edema and extravasation of red blood cells into the alveolar space with injury to the alveolar epithelial cells; this was followed by detachment, apoptosis, and necrosis of type I and II pneumocytes. The capillaries exhibited congestion, exposure of the basement membrane from denuded endothelial cells, platelet adhesion, fibrin thrombi, and rupture of the capillary walls. The proliferative stage was characterized by pronounced proliferation of type II alveolar pneumocytes and multinucleated giant cells. The cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 was observed both in degenerated type II pneumocytes and freely circulating in the alveoli, with components from virions, macrophages, lymphocytes, and cellular debris. CONCLUSIONS: Viral particles consistent with the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 were observed mainly in degenerated pneumocytes, in the endothelium, or freely circulating in the alveoli. In the final stage of illness, the alveolar spaces were replaced by fibrosis.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has limited the access of patients with Hansen's disease (HD) to care due to changes in routine health services. METHODS: To ascertain this, we compared the number of HD cases diagnosed before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: The decrease in HD cases in Brazil reached 18,223 (-48.4%), corresponding to an average reduction of 1,518 cases per month during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Therefore, effective measures should be implemented to minimize the damage and the consequent negative health impact of COVID-19 on the care of HD patients.

RESUMO Introdução: Os dentes extranumerários nas fissuras labiopalatinas não são resultado da divisão dos germes normais antes da formação do tecido duro. A odontogênese dos decíduos e permanentes inicia-se depois de formada a face, com ou sem fissuras. Discussão: A hipótese mais plausível para compreender a presença dos dentes extranumerários em um ou nos dois lados da fissura labiopalatina é a hiperatividade da lâmina dentária em suas paredes. Essa hiperatividade, com formação de mais germes dentários, deve ser atribuída aos mediadores e genes relacionados à formação dos dentes, sob forte influência de fatores epigenéticos locais, cujo ambiente de desenvolvimento foi afetado pela presença da fissura. Conclusão: Os conceitos atuais da embriologia não fundamentam mais a fusão de processos embrionários para a formação da face, e sim o nivelamento dos sulcos entre eles. Todos os dentes humanos têm uma dupla origem embrionária, pois se compõem de ectoderma e mesênquima/ectomesênquima, mas isso não facilita sua duplicação para formar dentes extranumerários.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Supernumerary teeth in cases of cleft lip and palate do not result from the division of normal germs before the formation of hard tissue. Deciduous and permanent teeth odontogenesis begins after the face has formed, either with or without the cleft. Discussion: The most acceptable hypothesis to enable understanding of the presence of supernumerary teeth on one or both sides of the cleft palate is hyperactivity of the dental lamina in its walls. This hyperactivity, with the formation of more tooth germs, must be attributed to mediators and genes related to tooth formation, under strong influence of local epigenetic factors, whose developmental environment was affected by the presence of the cleft. Conclusion: The current concepts of embryology no longer support the fusion of embryonic processes for the formation of the face, but rather the leveling of the grooves between them. All human teeth have a dual embryonic origin, as they are composed of ectoderm and mesenchyme/ectomesenchyme, but this does not make it easy for them to be duplicated to form supernumerary teeth.